treatments-xml/data/03/D2/07/03D2077AFF91D84DFF7A330DA24EFDB9.xml

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<mods:title id="8BE59550D64A2DE4D0D27FC0F4DB8523">Aprostocetus chilophagae new species (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from South Dakota, with taxonomic notes on A. bromi (Kostjukov) and A. nebraskensis (Girault)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="688EA8D634BE24E42CBD5F6739E3016B">López, Juan Manuel Perilla</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03D2077AFF91D84DFF7A330DA24EFDB9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6486005" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154498422" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6486005" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2077AFF91D84DFF7A330DA24EFDB9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D2077AFF91D84DFF7A330DA24EFDB9" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="480" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">
<subSubSection id="C361E5E7FF91D848FF7A330DA11DFDBF" box="[151,543,544,571]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC4B66CFF91D848FF7A330DA11DFDBF" blockId="2.[151,543,544,605]" box="[151,543,544,571]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">
<heading id="D08C0100FF91D848FF7A330DA11DFDBF" bold="true" box="[151,543,544,571]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF91D848FF7A330DA11DFDBF" authority="(Kostjukov)" authorityName="Kostjukov" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Kostjukov" box="[151,543,544,571]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromi">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF91D848FF7A330DA11DFDBF" bold="true" box="[151,543,544,571]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF91D848FF7A330DA280FDBE" bold="true" box="[151,386,544,570]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Aprostocetus bromi</emphasis>
(Kostjukov)
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BC4B66CFF91D848FF7A3369A266FDD9" blockId="2.[151,543,544,605]" box="[151,356,580,605]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">
(
<figureCitation id="1340AAE9FF91D848FF723369A208FDD8" box="[159,266,580,605]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1347,1370]" captionTargetBox="[217,1369,555,1303]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[217,1369,555,1323]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Antennae of female Aprostocetus bromi (Kostjukov) and A. nebraskensis (Girault): 1, A. bromi (Kostjukov) (Paratype, ZISP); 2, A. bromi reared from Stenodiplosis bromicola on Bromus inermis (South Dakota); 3, A. bromi reared from Stenodiplosis spartinae on Spartina pectinata (South Dakota); 4, Antenna of A. nebraskensis (Girault) (Type USNM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609318/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1340AAE9FF91D848FEFB3369A25EFDD9" box="[278,348,580,605]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 5–6" captionStart-1="FIGURES 7–10" captionStart-2="FIGURES 11–12" captionStartId-0="3.[151,264,1799,1822]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,264,1691,1714]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,264,1354,1377]" captionTargetBox-0="[217,1369,1481,1762]" captionTargetBox-1="[220,1323,917,1644]" captionTargetBox-2="[227,1323,404,1304]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[217,1369,1481,1779]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[217,1369,902,1670]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[217,1369,373,1333]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 5–6. Antennae of Aprostocetus bromi: 5, A. bromi reared from Stenodiplosis bromicola on Bromus inermis (Ulyanovsk, Russia); 6, A. bromi reared from Stenodiplosis sp. on Bromus inermis (Samara, Russia)." captionText-1="FIGURES 7–10. Forewings of Aprostocetus bromi: 7, female, A. bromi Kostjukov (Paratype, ZISP); 8, female, A. bromi reared from Stenodiplosis bromicola on B. inermis (South Dakota), 9, female, A. bromi reared from Stenodiplosis sp. on Andropogon gerardii (South Dakota); 10, male, A. bromi reared from S. bromicola on B. inermis (South Dakota)." captionText-2="FIGURES 11–12. Antennae of male Aprostocetus bromi and A. nebraskensis:. 11, A. bromi reared from S. bromicola on B. inermis (South Dakota); 12a, A. bromi reared from Stenodiplosis spartinae on Spartina pectinata (South Dakota); 12b, A. nebraskensis male (South Dakota)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2609320/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2609322/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/2609324/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">5–12a</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6B9142FF91D848FF7A33A1A0F1FD26" box="[151,1011,652,674]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF91D848FF7A33A1A131FD26" ID-CoL="7BSL7" authority="Kostjukov 1978: 458" authorityName="Kostjukov" authorityPageNumber="458" authorityYear="1978" box="[151,563,652,674]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Tetrastichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromi">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF91D848FF7A33A1A256FD26" box="[151,340,652,674]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Tetrastichus bromi</emphasis>
Kostjukov 1978: 458
</taxonomicName>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0ADA907DFF91D848FDD033A1A074FD26" author="Perilla Lopez, J. M. &amp; Johnson, P. J. &amp; Gagne, R. J. &amp; Boe, A." box="[573,886,652,674]" page="115" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" year="2015">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEACB9DFF91D848FDD033A1A044FD26" author="Perilla Lopez, J. M. &amp; Johnson, P. J. &amp; Gagne, R. J. &amp; Boe, A." box="[573,838,652,674]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" pagination="115 - 124" refId="ref8330" refString="Perilla Lopez, J. M., Johnson, P. J., Gagne, R. J. &amp; Boe, A. (2015 a) A new species of Stenodiplosis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Spartina grasses (Poaceae) with notes on its biology and its parasitoid Tetrastichus bromi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Zootaxa, 4057 (1), 115 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4057.1.7" type="journal article" year="2015">
Perilla López 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF91D848FD2633A0A1FAFD26" box="[715,760,652,674]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">et al</emphasis>
. 2015a
</bibRefCitation>
: 115
</treatmentCitation>
, 2015b: 297
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6B9142FF91D848FF7A3386A1F4FD44" box="[151,758,682,704]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF91D848FF7A3386A25EFD44" authorityName="Kostjukov" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Kostjukov" box="[151,348,682,704]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromi">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF91D848FF7A3386A25EFD44" box="[151,348,682,704]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Aprostocetus bromi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, of 
<treatmentCitation id="0ADA907DFF91D848FE693387A1F4FD44" author="Kostjukov, V. V. &amp; Kosheleva, O. V." box="[388,758,682,704]" page="104" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEACB9DFF91D848FE693387A1C4FD44" author="Kostjukov, V. V. &amp; Kosheleva, O. V." box="[388,710,682,704]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" pagination="103 - 110" refId="ref7770" refString="Kostjukov, V. V. &amp; Kosheleva, O. V. (2006) Taxonomic position of the species described in Tetrastichus Haliday, 1844 (s. l.) from the USSR, with description of the new genus Trjapitzinichus, gen. nov. Biologicheskaya Zashchita rasteniy - osnova stabilizatsii agrozkosistem, 4, 103 - 110." type="journal article" year="2006">Kostjukov and Kosheleva 2006</bibRefCitation>
: 104
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF91D848FF7A33C0A27CFC82" bold="true" box="[151,382,749,774]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Material examined</emphasis>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B13BC31FF91D848FE7F33C0A65CFCAE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028438440" collectingDate="1949-07-16" collectionCode="ZISP" country="Ukraine" location="Bromis" municipality="Kozarovychi" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Kyiv" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54C008CEFF91D848FE7F33C0A2FFFC82" box="[402,509,749,774]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D7D7DE5FF91D848FDE033C3A120FC81" box="[525,546,750,773]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
, [
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<collectingCountry id="F36CF6FCFF91D848FDD333C0A1C0FC82" box="[574,706,749,774]" name="Ukraine" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">UKRAINE</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
] 
<collectingRegion id="49BF788EFF91D848FD3533C0A00DFC82" box="[728,783,749,774]" country="Ukraine" name="Kyiv" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Kiev</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA02C16FF91D848FCCD33C0A0B6FC82" box="[800,948,749,774]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Kozarovychi</collectingMunicipality>
, reared from 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF91D848FBB433C3A60BFC81" box="[1113,1289,750,773]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">
<location id="8EA4E0B7FF91D848FBB433C3A7ABFC81" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2077AFF91D84DFF7A330DA24EFDB9:8EA4E0B7FF91D848FBB433C3A7ABFC81" box="[1113,1193,750,773]" country="Ukraine" municipality="Kozarovychi" name="Bromis" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" stateProvince="Kyiv">Bromis</location>
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF91D848FB5833C3A60BFC81" baseAuthorityName="Agafonova" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[1205,1289,750,773]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bromus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inermis">inermis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, 
<date id="FFC590ACFF91D848FAF133C0A69EFC82" box="[1308,1436,749,774]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" value="1949-07-16">
<collectingDate id="EF816944FF91D848FAF133C0A69EFC82" box="[1308,1436,749,774]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" value="1949-07-16">16.vii.1949</collectingDate>
</date>
(Kryshtal) (
<collectionCode id="ED6A2EA9FF91D848FEF4323FA25AFCAE" box="[281,344,786,810]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vmfx-g997" name="Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">ZISP</collectionCode>
). Four 
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, 
<typeStatus id="54C008CEFF91D848FE27323FA137FCAE" box="[458,565,786,810]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
with the same labels, also at 
<collectionCode id="ED6A2EA9FF91D848FC93323FA0BAFCAE" box="[894,952,786,810]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vmfx-g997" name="Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">ZISP</collectionCode>
. No male was included in type series.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4B66CFF91D848FF2A3218A062FB5D" blockId="2.[151,1437,749,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF91D848FF2A3218A133FCCA" bold="true" box="[199,561,821,846]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Additional material examined</emphasis>
: 
<materialsCitation id="3B13BC31FF91D848FDAF3218A69AFCF6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028438429" collectingDate="2015-06-20" collectingDateMax="2015-06-27" collectingDateMin="2015-06-20" collectorName="E. Yegorenkova" country="Russia" latitude="54.6" location="Ulyanovsk" longLatPrecision="1069" longitude="48.85" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Ul'yanovsk">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF91D848FDAF3218A1B2FCCA" bold="true" box="[578,688,821,846]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">
<collectingCountry id="F36CF6FCFF91D848FDAF3218A1A8FCCA" box="[578,682,821,846]" name="Russia" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">RUSSIA</collectingCountry>
,
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D7D7DE5FF91D848FD54321BA1E4FCC9" box="[697,742,822,846]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" type="female">3 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D7D7DE5FF91D848FD1B321BA026FCC9" box="[758,804,822,846]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49BF788EFF91D848FCDE3218A0ADFCCA" box="[819,943,821,846]" country="Russia" name="Ul'yanovsk" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Ulyanovsk</collectingRegion>
, 
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4FD0ABFF91D848FBDE3218A78CFCCA" box="[1075,1166,821,846]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" precision="925" value="48.85">48°51'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFC590ACFF91D848FB713218A614FCCA" box="[1180,1302,821,846]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" value="2015-06-20">
<collectingDate id="EF816944FF91D848FB713218A614FCCA" box="[1180,1302,821,846]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" value="2015-06-20">20.vi.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, reared and captured by aspirator on inflorescences of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF91D848FD9A3277A02BFCF5" baseAuthorityName="Agafonova" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[631,809,858,881]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bromus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF91D848FD9A3277A02BFCF5" box="[631,809,858,881]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Bromus inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF91D848FCD53274A0CFFCF6" authorityName="Reuter" authorityYear="1895" box="[824,973,857,882]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Stenodiplosis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF91D848FCD53274A0CFFCF6" box="[824,973,857,882]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Stenodiplosis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 
<date id="FFC590ACFF91D848FC113274A79EFCF6" box="[1020,1180,857,882]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" value="2015-06-26" valueMax="2015-06-27" valueMin="2015-06-26">
<collectingDate id="EF816944FF91D848FC113274A79EFCF6" box="[1020,1180,857,882]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" value="2015-06-26" valueMax="2015-06-27" valueMin="2015-06-26">26-27.vi.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
. coll. 
<collectorName id="268ED3BAFF91D848FB0D3277A69AFCF6" box="[1248,1432,857,882]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">E. Yegorenkova</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B13BC31FF91D848FF7A3250A0E9FC3E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028438400" collectingDate="2015-07-07" collectingDateMax="2015-07-18" collectingDateMin="2015-07-07" collectorName="E. Yegorenkova" country="Russia" latitude="54.6" location="Staraya Mayna" longLatPrecision="1069" longitude="48.916668" municipality="Russia" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-female="6" specimenCount-male="3">
<specimenCount id="9D7D7DE5FF91D848FF7A3250A3C3FC11" box="[151,193,893,918]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" type="female">6 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D7D7DE5FF91D848FF3D3253A3FEFC11" box="[208,252,894,918]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" type="male">3 ♂</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA02C16FF91D848FEE53250A257FC12" box="[264,341,893,918]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Russia</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8EA4E0B7FF91D848FE8C3253A10FFC12" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2077AFF91D84DFF7A330DA24EFDB9:8EA4E0B7FF91D848FE8C3253A10FFC12" box="[353,525,894,918]" country="Russia" latitude="54.6" longLatPrecision="1069" longitude="48.916668" municipality="Russia" name="Staraya Mayna" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Staraya Mayna</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4FD0ABFF91D848FDF53250A174FC12" box="[536,630,893,918]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" precision="925" value="54.6">54°36′N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE4FD0ABFF91D848FD933250A1D9FC12" box="[638,731,893,918]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" precision="925" value="48.916668">48°55′E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFC590ACFF91D848FD0B3250A058FC12" box="[742,858,893,918]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" value="2015-07-07">
<collectingDate id="EF816944FF91D848FD0B3250A058FC12" box="[742,858,893,918]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" value="2015-07-07">7.vii.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, reared and captured by aspirator on inflorescences of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF91D848FF5A328FA269FC3D" baseAuthorityName="Agafonova" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[183,363,930,953]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bromus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF91D848FF5A328FA269FC3D" box="[183,363,930,953]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Bromus inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF91D848FE96328CA112FC3E" authorityName="Reuter" authorityYear="1895" box="[379,528,929,954]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Stenodiplosis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF91D848FE96328CA112FC3E" box="[379,528,929,954]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Stenodiplosis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 
<date id="FFC590ACFF91D848FDAF328CA1E8FC3E" box="[578,746,929,954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" value="2015-07-13" valueMax="2015-07-18" valueMin="2015-07-13">
<collectingDate id="EF816944FF91D848FDAF328CA1E8FC3E" box="[578,746,929,954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" value="2015-07-13" valueMax="2015-07-18" valueMin="2015-07-13">13-18.vii.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll. 
<collectorName id="268ED3BAFF91D848FCDF328FA0E9FC3E" box="[818,1003,929,954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">E. Yegorenkova</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B13BC31FF91D848FC15328CA251FB86" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028438408" collectingDate="2015-07-01" collectingDateMax="2015-07-03" collectingDateMin="2015-07-01" collectorName="E. Yegorenkova." country="Russia" latitude="53.783333" location="Samara" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-female="6" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Samara">
<specimenCount id="9D7D7DE5FF91D848FC15328CA727FC3D" box="[1016,1061,929,954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" type="female">6 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D7D7DE5FF91D848FBD8328FA761FC3D" box="[1077,1123,930,954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49BF788EFF91D848FB9F328FA7CBFC3E" box="[1138,1225,930,954]" country="Russia" name="Samara" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Samara</collectingRegion>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4FD0ABFF91D848FB3B328CA630FC3E" box="[1238,1330,929,954]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" precision="925" value="53.783333">53°47'N</geoCoordinate>
49°90'E, 
<date id="FFC590ACFF91D848FF7A32E8A209FC5A" box="[151,267,965,990]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" value="2015-07-01">
<collectingDate id="EF816944FF91D848FF7A32E8A209FC5A" box="[151,267,965,990]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" value="2015-07-01">1.vii.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, reared and captured by aspirator on inflorescences of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF91D848FC8132EBA71EFC59" baseAuthorityName="Agafonova" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[876,1052,966,989]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bromus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF91D848FC8132EBA71EFC59" box="[876,1052,966,989]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Bromus inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF91D848FBC732E8A7BDFC5A" authorityName="Reuter" authorityYear="1895" box="[1066,1215,965,990]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Stenodiplosis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF91D848FBC732E8A7BDFC5A" box="[1066,1215,965,990]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Stenodiplosis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 
<date id="FFC590ACFF91D848FB0132E8A662FC5A" box="[1260,1376,965,990]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" value="2015-07-03">
<collectingDate id="EF816944FF91D848FB0132E8A662FC5A" box="[1260,1376,965,990]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" value="2015-07-03">3.vii.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll. 
<collectorName id="268ED3BAFF91D848FF7A32C7A251FB86" box="[151,339,1001,1026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">E. Yegorenkova.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B13BC31FF91D848FEB732C4A1C7FBA2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028438419" collectingDate="2014-06-09" collectorName="P. J. Johnson" country="United States of America" county="Brooking Co." latitude="44.329445" location="Bushnell" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-96.60722" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" specimenCount="15" specimenCount-female="15" stateProvince="South Dakota">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF91D848FEB732C4A2A2FB86" bold="true" box="[346,416,1001,1026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">
<collectingCountry id="F36CF6FCFF91D848FEB732C4A288FB86" box="[346,394,1001,1026]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">U.S.</collectingCountry>
A
</emphasis>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D7D7DE5FF91D848FE4232C4A2EAFB85" box="[431,488,1001,1026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" type="female">15 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49BF788EFF91D848FE1A32C4A194FB86" box="[503,662,1001,1026]" country="United States of America" name="South Dakota" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">South Dakota</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingCounty id="62A5CEE0FF91D848FD4F32C4A039FB86" box="[674,827,1001,1026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Brooking Co.</collectingCounty>
<quantity id="4C831B89FF91D848FCAE32C7A07CFB86" box="[835,894,1001,1026]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.218688" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" unit="mi" value="2.0">2 mi.</quantity>
E. of 
<location id="8EA4E0B7FF91D848FC2B32C4A72EFB86" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2077AFF91D84DFF7A330DA24EFDB9:8EA4E0B7FF91D848FC2B32C4A72EFB86" box="[966,1068,1001,1026]" country="United States of America" county="Brooking Co." latitude="44.329445" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-96.60722" name="Bushnell" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" stateProvince="South Dakota">Bushnell</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4FD0ABFF91D848FBD532C4A7BFFB86" box="[1080,1213,1001,1026]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" precision="15" value="44.329445">44°19'46''N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4FD0ABFF91D848FB2732C4A651FB86" box="[1226,1363,1001,1026]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" precision="15" value="-96.60722">96°36'26''W</geoCoordinate>
<collectedFrom id="3867F591FF91D848FAB632C7A285FBA1" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">
swept from 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF91D848FF383523A285FBA1" baseAuthorityName="Agafonova" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[213,391,1038,1061]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bromus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF91D848FF383523A285FBA1" box="[213,391,1038,1061]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Bromus inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
, 
<date id="FFC590ACFF91D848FE783520A2FDFBA2" box="[405,511,1037,1062]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" value="2014-06-09">
<collectingDate id="EF816944FF91D848FE783520A2FDFBA2" box="[405,511,1037,1062]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" value="2014-06-09">9.vi.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
coll 
<collectorName id="268ED3BAFF91D848FDD53523A1C7FBA2" box="[568,709,1037,1062]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">P.J. Johnson</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B13BC31FF91D848FD3C3523A1E8FBEA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028438410" collectingDate="2014-06-22" collectorName="P. J. Johnson" country="United States of America" county="Brooking Co." latitude="44.548332" location="Bushnell" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="South Dakota">
<specimenCount id="9D7D7DE5FF91D848FD3C3523A1FCFBA1" box="[721,766,1038,1062]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F36CF6FCFF91D848FCE73523A059FBA2" box="[778,859,1038,1062]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="49BF788EFF91D848FC8A3520A707FBA2" box="[871,1029,1037,1062]" country="United States of America" name="South Dakota" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">South Dakota</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingCounty id="62A5CEE0FF91D848FBFD3520A7A8FBA2" box="[1040,1194,1037,1062]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Brooking Co.</collectingCounty>
<quantity id="4C831B89FF91D848FB5C3523A7EEFBA2" box="[1201,1260,1037,1062]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.218688" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" unit="mi" value="2.0">2 mi.</quantity>
E. of 
<location id="8EA4E0B7FF91D848FADF3520A69AFBA2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2077AFF91D84DFF7A330DA24EFDB9:8EA4E0B7FF91D848FADF3520A69AFBA2" box="[1330,1432,1037,1062]" country="United States of America" county="Brooking Co." latitude="44.548332" name="Bushnell" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" stateProvince="South Dakota">Bushnell</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4FD0ABFF91D848FF7A351CA21EFBCE" box="[151,284,1073,1098]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" precision="15" value="44.548332">44°32'54''N</geoCoordinate>
, 96°60'83''W, reared from 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF91D848FDA7351FA1FEFBCD" baseAuthorityName="Agafonova" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[586,764,1074,1097]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bromus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF91D848FDA7351FA1FEFBCD" box="[586,764,1074,1097]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Bromus inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
along road, 
<date id="FFC590ACFF91D848FC66351CA701FBCE" box="[907,1027,1073,1098]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" value="2014-06-22">
<collectingDate id="EF816944FF91D848FC66351CA701FBCE" box="[907,1027,1073,1098]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" value="2014-06-22">22.vi.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
coll 
<collectorName id="268ED3BAFF91D848FBD1351FA7C7FBCE" box="[1084,1221,1073,1098]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">P.J. Johnson</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="9D7D7DE5FF91D848FB35351FA600FBCD" box="[1240,1282,1074,1098]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
on slide), ex. 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF91D848FF7A3578A1E8FBEA" authority="Marikovskij &amp; Agafonova" authorityName="Marikovskij &amp; Agafonova" authorityYear="1961" box="[151,746,1109,1134]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Stenodiplosis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromicola">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF91D848FF7A3578A2A9FBEA" box="[151,427,1109,1134]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Stenodiplosis bromicola</emphasis>
Marikovskij &amp; Agafonova
</taxonomicName>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B13BC31FF91D848FD11357BA168FB16" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028438413" collectorName="M. Perilla" country="United States of America" county="Brookings Co." latitude="44.08722" location="EcoSun Farm" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-96.79889" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="South Dakota">
<specimenCount id="9D7D7DE5FF91D848FD11357BA02EFBE9" box="[764,812,1110,1134]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" type="female">4 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D7D7DE5FF91D848FCAD357BA070FBE9" box="[832,882,1110,1134]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49BF788EFF91D848FC693578A725FBEA" box="[900,1063,1109,1134]" country="United States of America" name="South Dakota" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">South Dakota</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62A5CEE0FF91D848FBD53578A7E1FBEA" box="[1080,1251,1109,1134]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Brookings Co.</collectingCounty>
, 
<location id="8EA4E0B7FF91D848FB18357BA69AFBE9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2077AFF91D84DFF7A330DA24EFDB9:8EA4E0B7FF91D848FB18357BA69AFBE9" box="[1269,1432,1110,1134]" country="United States of America" county="Brookings Co." latitude="44.08722" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-96.79889" name="EcoSun Farm" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" stateProvince="South Dakota">EcoSun Farm</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4FD0ABFF91D848FF7A3554A21EFB16" box="[151,284,1145,1170]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" precision="15" value="44.08722">44°05'14''N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4FD0ABFF91D848FEC53554A2B3FB16" box="[296,433,1145,1170]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" precision="15" value="-96.79889">96°47'56''W</geoCoordinate>
, coll. 
<collectorName id="268ED3BAFF91D848FE1B3557A168FB16" box="[502,618,1145,1170]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">M. Perilla</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
, reared from 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF91D848FCEC3557A0D0FB15" box="[769,978,1146,1169]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinata">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF91D848FCEC3557A0D0FB15" box="[769,978,1146,1169]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Spartina pectinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, sampled 
<date id="FFC590ACFF91D848FBAB3554A7CBFB16" box="[1094,1225,1145,1170]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" value="2014-07-23">23.vii.2014</date>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B13BC31FF91D848FB383557A15EFB5E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028438461" collectingDate="2014-08-02" collectingDateMax="2014-08-25" collectingDateMin="2014-08-02" collectorName="M. Perilla" country="United States of America" county="Brookings Co." location="Felt Family Farm" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" specimenCount="16" specimenCount-female="7" specimenCount-male="9" stateProvince="South Dakota">
<specimenCount id="9D7D7DE5FF91D848FB383557A602FB15" box="[1237,1280,1146,1169]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" type="female">7 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D7D7DE5FF91D848FAE23557A639FB15" box="[1295,1339,1146,1170]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" type="male">9 ♂</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F36CF6FCFF91D848FAA53557A695FB16" box="[1352,1431,1146,1170]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49BF788EFF91D848FF7A35B0A238FB32" box="[151,314,1181,1206]" country="United States of America" name="South Dakota" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">South Dakota</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62A5CEE0FF91D848FEA135B0A2FBFB32" box="[332,505,1181,1206]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Brookings Co.</collectingCounty>
, 
<location id="8EA4E0B7FF91D848FDE135B0A1E3FB31" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2077AFF91D84DFF7A330DA24EFDB9:8EA4E0B7FF91D848FDE135B0A1E3FB31" box="[524,737,1181,1206]" country="United States of America" county="Brookings Co." name="Felt Family Farm" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" stateProvince="South Dakota">Felt Family Farm</location>
, 44°36'79''N, 96°79'70''W, reared from 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF91D848FB5335B3A697FB31" box="[1214,1429,1182,1205]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinata">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF91D848FB5335B3A697FB31" box="[1214,1429,1182,1205]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Spartina pectinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, emerged 
<date id="FFC590ACFF91D848FF1335ECA2A8FB5E" box="[254,426,1217,1242]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" value="2014-08-02" valueMax="2014-08-25" valueMin="2014-08-02">
<collectingDate id="EF816944FF91D848FF1335ECA2A8FB5E" box="[254,426,1217,1242]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" value="2014-08-02" valueMax="2014-08-25" valueMin="2014-08-02">02-25.viii.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
coll. 
<collectorName id="268ED3BAFF91D848FE0435EFA15EFB5E" box="[489,604,1217,1242]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">M. Perilla</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
, ex 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF91D848FD6435ECA01CFB5E" authorityName="Reuter" authorityYear="1895" box="[649,798,1217,1242]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Stenodiplosis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF91D848FD6435ECA01CFB5E" box="[649,798,1217,1242]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Stenodiplosis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
n. sp.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361E5E7FF91D848FF2A35C8A2B1FA36" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC4B66CFF91D848FF2A35C8A2B1FA36" blockId="2.[151,1437,749,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF91D848FF2A35C8A243FB7A" bold="true" box="[199,321,1253,1278]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Distance between submedian lines 1.6 times as distance and between submedian and lateral lines; mesoscutum with 3 adnotaular setae, propodeal callus with 2 setae in one row. Antenna with F1 as long as F2, forewing 2.2 times as long as broad. Dorsellum as long as propodeum. Male antenna with scape with ventral plaque about 0.5 length of scape, situated in upper part; F1 1.05–1.1 times as long as broad, and 1.6 times as long as F2, F2 1.8 times as long as broad, F3 almost as long as F4. Forewing SMV 1.6–1.7 times as long as MV, MV 4.6– 4.8 times as long as STV.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361E5E7FF91D849FF2A3490A706F822" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="476" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC4B66CFF91D848FF2A3490A1DEF9C6" blockId="2.[151,1437,749,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF91D848FF2A3490A2BEFA52" bold="true" box="[199,444,1469,1494]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Description. Female</emphasis>
: Body length 
<quantity id="4C831B89FF91D848FD863490A1F8FA51" box="[619,762,1469,1494]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" unit="mm" value="1.45" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.4">1.4–1.5 mm</quantity>
. Forewing 
<quantity id="4C831B89FF91D848FC6F3490A0ECFA51" box="[898,1006,1469,1494]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" unit="mm" value="1.25">1.25 mm</quantity>
. Body brown. Head brown; antenna brown; eye reddish. Mesosoma mostly brown, dorsellum brown. Tegula yellow. Leg with coxa dark brown, 2/3 femur foreleg and midleg brown, all 4 tarsomeres in foreleg brown, in midleg only last tarsomere brown; hindleg with femur and last tarsomere brown; gaster brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4B66CFF91D848FF2A3760A0EBF89E" blockId="2.[151,1437,749,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">
Head 1.1–1.2 times as broad as tall; eye height 1.4 times longer than broad and 1.9–2.0 times as long as malar space, malar sulcus straight, mouth width as long as malar sulcus. Toruli placed below the lower margin eyes. Antenna (
<figureCitation id="1340AAE9FF91D848FEE837B8A26BF92A" box="[261,361,1685,1710]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1347,1370]" captionTargetBox="[217,1369,555,1303]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[217,1369,555,1323]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Antennae of female Aprostocetus bromi (Kostjukov) and A. nebraskensis (Girault): 1, A. bromi (Kostjukov) (Paratype, ZISP); 2, A. bromi reared from Stenodiplosis bromicola on Bromus inermis (South Dakota); 3, A. bromi reared from Stenodiplosis spartinae on Spartina pectinata (South Dakota); 4, Antenna of A. nebraskensis (Girault) (Type USNM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609318/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1340AAE9FF91D848FE9B37B8A2A0F92A" box="[374,418,1685,1710]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1799,1822]" captionTargetBox="[217,1369,1481,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[217,1369,1481,1779]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5–6. Antennae of Aprostocetus bromi: 5, A. bromi reared from Stenodiplosis bromicola on Bromus inermis (Ulyanovsk, Russia); 6, A. bromi reared from Stenodiplosis sp. on Bromus inermis (Samara, Russia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609320/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">5, 6</figureCitation>
) with scape 3.2 times as long as broad, pedicel 2.0 times as long as broad and 2.0 times as long as scape, three anelii (1 discoid and 2 laminar); F1 1.5 times as long as broad and 1.3 times shorter than pedicel; F2 as long as F1; F2 1.7 times as long as broad; F3 1.1 times as long as broad, clava 3-segmented with F11 (terminal spine), 2.0–2.1 times as long as broad and 2.3 times as long as F3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4B66CFF91D848FF2A3608A788F849" blockId="2.[151,1437,749,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Thorax 1.4 times as long as broad and 1.2 times as long as gaster; mesoscutum 1.1 times as long as broad, with 3 adnotaular setae, median line distinct, metascutellum 1.25 times as long as broad, setae placed below lower half. Distance between submedian lines 1.6 times as long as distance between submedian and lateral lines. Dorsellum as long as propodeum. Propodeum 3.6–3.8 times as long as broad, smooth between median carina and postspiracular groove; spiracles placed near frontal margin of propodeum; callus with 2 setae in one row.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4B66CFF91D849FF2A36F4A665FF2B" blockId="2.[151,1437,749,2034]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="476" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">
Forewing (
<figureCitation id="1340AAE9FF91D848FEAC36F4A2C3F876" box="[321,449,2009,2034]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–10" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1691,1714]" captionTargetBox="[220,1323,917,1644]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[217,1369,902,1670]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7–10. Forewings of Aprostocetus bromi: 7, female, A. bromi Kostjukov (Paratype, ZISP); 8, female, A. bromi reared from Stenodiplosis bromicola on B. inermis (South Dakota), 9, female, A. bromi reared from Stenodiplosis sp. on Andropogon gerardii (South Dakota); 10, male, A. bromi reared from S. bromicola on B. inermis (South Dakota)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609322/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Figs 7, 8, 9</figureCitation>
) 2.3 times as long as broad; relative lengths of venation: MV 1.6 times as long as SMV, STV 4.2 times shorter than as MV. MV with 13 setae. Hindwing broadly rounded apically; SMV with 3 setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4B66CFF90D849FF2A3191A0CFFF7C" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">Petiole transverse, small, smooth; gaster 1.9–2.2 times as long as broad, smooth. Last tergite 1.4 times as long as broad. Cercus with 5 setae. Sheaths of ovipositor 0.75 length of gaster.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4B66CFF90D849FF2A3029A74BFE71" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D849FF2A3029A206FE99" bold="true" box="[199,260,260,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">Male</emphasis>
: Body length 
<quantity id="4C831B89FF90D849FE443029A141FE98" box="[425,579,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.025" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.95" pageId="3" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="1.025" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.95">0.95–1.1 mm</quantity>
. Forewing 
<quantity id="4C831B89FF90D849FD293029A052FE98" box="[708,848,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="0.85" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.8">0.8–0.9 mm</quantity>
. Antenna (
<figureCitation id="1340AAE9FF90D849FC213029A74DFE98" box="[972,1103,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–12" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1354,1377]" captionTargetBox="[227,1323,404,1304]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[217,1369,373,1333]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 11–12. Antennae of male Aprostocetus bromi and A. nebraskensis:. 11, A. bromi reared from S. bromicola on B. inermis (South Dakota); 12a, A. bromi reared from Stenodiplosis spartinae on Spartina pectinata (South Dakota); 12b, A. nebraskensis male (South Dakota)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609324/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">Figs 11, 12</figureCitation>
) with scape 2.2–2.5 times as long as wide, with ventral plaque about 0.5–0.6 length of scape, situated in upper part; pedicel 1.5–1.7 times as long as wide, with 4 anelli and 4 flagellomeres, with whorled setae; F1 1.05–1.1 times as long as broad, and 1.6 times as long as F2, F2 1.8 times as long as broad, and F3 2.1–2.3 times as long as wide, F3 almost as long as F4, F4 2.4 times as long as wide; clava 3-segmented, 5.4–5.8 times as long as broad and 2.1 times as long as F4; whorled setae of F1 reaching half of F3, whorls of F2 reaching half of F4, whorls of F3 reaching top of C1, whorls of F4 reaching middle of C2, whorls of C1 reaching half of C3 and apical sensillum.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF04E6E4FF90D849FF7A346EA640FA13" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609318/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="476" startId="3.[151,264,1347,1370]" targetBox="[217,1369,555,1303]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BC4B66CFF90D849FF7A346EA640FA13" blockId="3.[151,1436,1347,1431]" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D849FF7A346EA239FADD" bold="true" box="[151,315,1347,1370]" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">FIGURES 1–4.</emphasis>
Antennae of female 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF90D849FDFA3469A062FADE" authority="(Kostjukov)" authorityName="Kostjukov" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Kostjukov" box="[535,864,1348,1370]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromi">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D849FDFA3469A1DCFADE" box="[535,734,1348,1370]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">Aprostocetus bromi</emphasis>
(Kostjukov)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF90D849FC783469A798FADE" authority="(Girault)" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1916" baseAuthorityName="Girault" box="[917,1178,1348,1370]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebraskensis">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D849FC783469A734FADE" box="[917,1078,1348,1370]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">A. nebraskensis</emphasis>
(Girault)
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D849FB483469A7BAFADD" bold="true" box="[1189,1208,1348,1369]" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">1,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF90D849FB2D3469A69EFADE" authority="(Kostjukov)" authorityName="Kostjukov" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Kostjukov" box="[1216,1436,1348,1370]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromi">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D849FB2D3469A618FADE" box="[1216,1306,1348,1370]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">A. bromi</emphasis>
(Kostjukov)
</taxonomicName>
(Paratype, ZISP); 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D849FEA3344FA263FAF3" bold="true" box="[334,353,1378,1399]" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">2,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF90D849FE85344EA2C2FAFC" authorityName="Kostjukov" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Kostjukov" box="[360,448,1378,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromi">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D849FE85344EA2C2FAFC" box="[360,448,1378,1400]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">A. bromi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reared from 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF90D849FDA9344FA035FAFC" authorityName="Marikovskij &amp; Agafonova" authorityYear="1961" box="[580,823,1378,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Stenodiplosis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromicola">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D849FDA9344FA035FAFC" box="[580,823,1378,1400]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">Stenodiplosis bromicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF90D849FCB0344EA0FCFAFC" baseAuthorityName="Agafonova" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[861,1022,1379,1400]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bromus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="476" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D849FCB0344EA0FCFAFC" box="[861,1022,1379,1400]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">Bromus inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(South Dakota); 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D849FB40344FA7C3FAF3" bold="true" box="[1197,1217,1378,1399]" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">3,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF90D849FB2A344EA61DFAFC" authorityName="Kostjukov" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Kostjukov" box="[1223,1311,1378,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromi">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D849FB2A344EA61DFAFC" box="[1223,1311,1378,1400]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">A. bromi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reared from 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF90D849FF7A34ACA281FA13" box="[151,387,1409,1431]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Stenodiplosis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spartinae">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D849FF7A34ACA281FA13" box="[151,387,1409,1431]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">Stenodiplosis spartinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF90D849FE4434AFA166FA13" box="[425,612,1410,1431]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="476" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinata">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D849FE4434AFA166FA13" box="[425,612,1410,1431]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">Spartina pectinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(South Dakota); 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D849FCF934ACA025FA12" bold="true" box="[788,807,1409,1430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">4,</emphasis>
Antenna of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF90D849FC4934AFA7A0FA13" authority="(Girault)" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1916" baseAuthorityName="Girault" box="[932,1186,1409,1431]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebraskensis">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D849FC4934AFA746FA13" box="[932,1092,1409,1431]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">A. nebraskensis</emphasis>
(Girault)
</taxonomicName>
(Type USNM).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF04E6E4FF90D849FF7A362AA793F8B9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609320/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="476" startId="3.[151,264,1799,1822]" targetBox="[217,1369,1481,1762]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BC4B66CFF90D849FF7A362AA793F8B9" blockId="3.[151,1436,1799,1853]" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D849FF7A362AA242F899" bold="true" box="[151,320,1799,1822]" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">FIGURES 5–6.</emphasis>
Antennae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF90D849FE363624A1A7F89A" authorityName="Kostjukov" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Kostjukov" box="[475,677,1800,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromi">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D849FE363624A1A7F89A" box="[475,677,1800,1822]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">Aprostocetus bromi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D849FD543625A1C9F899" bold="true" box="[697,715,1800,1821]" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">5,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF90D849FD353624A034F89A" authorityName="Kostjukov" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Kostjukov" box="[728,822,1800,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromi">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D849FD353624A034F89A" box="[728,822,1800,1822]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">A. bromi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reared from 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF90D849FC263625A7C6F89A" authorityName="Marikovskij &amp; Agafonova" authorityYear="1961" box="[971,1220,1800,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Stenodiplosis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromicola">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D849FC263625A7C6F89A" box="[971,1220,1800,1822]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">Stenodiplosis bromicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF90D849FB1B3624A69EF89A" baseAuthorityName="Agafonova" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[1270,1436,1801,1822]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bromus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="476" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D849FB1B3624A69EF89A" box="[1270,1436,1801,1822]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">Bromus inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ulyanovsk, Russia); 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D849FE9E360AA287F8B8" bold="true" box="[371,389,1831,1852]" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">6,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF90D849FE613605A2E6F8B9" authorityName="Kostjukov" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Kostjukov" box="[396,484,1831,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromi">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D849FE613605A2E6F8B9" box="[396,484,1831,1853]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">A. bromi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reared from 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF90D849FD8A360AA1EFF8B9" authorityName="Reuter" authorityYear="1895" box="[615,749,1831,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Stenodiplosis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D849FD8A360AA1EFF8B9" box="[615,749,1831,1853]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">Stenodiplosis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. on 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF90D849FCDB3605A0D5F8B9" baseAuthorityName="Agafonova" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[822,983,1832,1853]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bromus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="476" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D849FCDB3605A0D5F8B9" box="[822,983,1832,1853]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">Bromus inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Samara, Russia).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC4B66CFF90D849FF2A3644A706F822" blockId="3.[151,1436,1897,2030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">
Forewing (
<figureCitation id="1340AAE9FF90D849FEA93644A29BF806" box="[324,409,1897,1922]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–10" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1691,1714]" captionTargetBox="[220,1323,917,1644]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[217,1369,902,1670]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7–10. Forewings of Aprostocetus bromi: 7, female, A. bromi Kostjukov (Paratype, ZISP); 8, female, A. bromi reared from Stenodiplosis bromicola on B. inermis (South Dakota), 9, female, A. bromi reared from Stenodiplosis sp. on Andropogon gerardii (South Dakota); 10, male, A. bromi reared from S. bromicola on B. inermis (South Dakota)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609322/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
) 2.1 times as long as broad; relative lengths of venation: SMV with 3 setae and 1.6–1.7 times as long as MV, MV with 13–15 setae, and 4.6–4.8 times as long as STV.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361E5E7FF90D849FF2A369CA60BF84E" box="[199,1289,1969,1994]" pageId="3" pageNumber="476" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC4B66CFF90D849FF2A369CA60BF84E" blockId="3.[151,1436,1897,2030]" box="[199,1289,1969,1994]" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D849FF2A369CA25BF84E" bold="true" box="[199,345,1969,1994]" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">Distribution</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D849FE8A369CA2CCF84E" bold="true" box="[359,462,1969,1994]" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">
<collectingCountry id="F36CF6FCFF90D849FE8A369CA2CCF84E" box="[359,462,1969,1994]" name="Russia" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">RUSSIA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, Middle Volga Region; 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D849FD36369CA05DF84E" bold="true" box="[731,863,1969,1994]" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">
<collectingCountry id="F36CF6FCFF90D849FD36369CA05DF84E" box="[731,863,1969,1994]" name="Ukraine" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">UKRAINE</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, Kozarovyehi; 
<collectingCountry id="F36CF6FCFF90D849FBE1369CA758F84D" box="[1036,1114,1969,1994]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D849FBE1369CA751F84E" bold="true" box="[1036,1107,1969,1994]" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">U.S.A</emphasis>
.
</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="49BF788EFF90D849FB85369CA604F84E" box="[1128,1286,1969,1994]" country="United States of America" name="South Dakota" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">South Dakota</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361E5E7FF90D84EFF2A36F8A29DFF7C" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="477" pageId="3" pageNumber="476" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BC4B66CFF90D84EFF2A36F8A29DFF7C" blockId="3.[151,1436,1897,2030]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,429]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="477" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D849FF2A36F8A208F86A" bold="true" box="[199,266,2005,2030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">Hosts</emphasis>
. Associated with 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D849FE1D36FBA1A7F869" box="[496,677,2006,2029]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">
Bromis 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF90D849FDBC36FBA1A7F869" baseAuthorityName="Agafonova" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[593,677,2006,2029]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bromus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="476" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inermis">inermis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
in 
<collectingCountry id="F36CF6FCFF90D849FD3136F8A034F86A" box="[732,822,2005,2030]" name="Ukraine" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
(Kostjukov 1978), and reared from 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF90D84EFAEA36F8A149FF34" authority="Marikovskij and Agafonova" authorityName="Marikovskij and Agafonova" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Stenodiplosis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="477" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromicola">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF90D84EFAEA36F8A20BFF34" italics="true" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="477" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">Stenodiplosis bromicola</emphasis>
Marikovskij and Agafonova
</taxonomicName>
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF97D84EFD9831B4A0BFFF34" authority="(Agafonova 1962)" authorityName="Agafonova" authorityYear="1962" baseAuthorityName="Agafonova" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[629,957,151,176]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bromus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFD9831B4A1EAFF34" box="[629,744,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">B. inermis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEACB9DFF97D84EFD1B31BAA0B6FF34" author="Agafonova, Z. Y." box="[758,948,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" pagination="11 - 21" refId="ref6707" refString="Agafonova, Z. Y. (1962) Development of the midge Stenodipiosis bromicola Mar. et Ag. (Diptera: Itonididae), in relation to peculiarities of brome biology (Bromus inermis Leyss. and B. riparius Rehm.) Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 41 (1), 22 - 39. [English: Entomological Review, 41, 11 - 21]" type="journal article" year="1962">Agafonova 1962</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingCountry id="F36CF6FCFF97D84EFC0D31BAA72CFF34" box="[992,1070,151,176]" name="Russia" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">Russia</collectingCountry>
. Collected on and reared from 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF97D84EFA6A31B5A20BFF51" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Stenodiplosis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromicola">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFA6A31B5A20BFF51" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">S. bromicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF97D84EFED93190A2AAFF50" baseAuthorityName="Agafonova" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[308,424,189,212]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bromus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFED93190A2AAFF50" box="[308,424,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">B. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF97D84EFE0D3190A165FF50" box="[480,615,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Stenodiplosis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spartinae">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFE0D3190A165FF50" box="[480,615,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">S. spartinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF97D84EFD7E3190A061FF50" box="[659,867,189,212]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinata">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFD7E3190A061FF50" box="[659,867,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">Spartina pectinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Perilla López 2015, Perilla López 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFB153190A62BFF51" box="[1272,1321,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">et al</emphasis>
. 2015a-b, and references therein).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361E5E7FF97D84DFF2A3029A24EFDB9" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="480" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC4B66CFF97D84EFF2A3029A75DFE28" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFF2A3029A24DFE99" bold="true" box="[199,335,260,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">Comments.</emphasis>
Females of samples from 
<collectingCountry id="F36CF6FCFF97D84EFD903029A1CAFE99" box="[637,712,260,285]" name="Russia" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">Russia</collectingCountry>
and the 
<collectingCountry id="F36CF6FCFF97D84EFCC63029A07AFE98" box="[811,888,260,284]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
were compared with the 
<typeStatus id="54C008CEFF97D84EFB743028A7CBFE99" box="[1177,1225,261,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">type</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF97D84EFB1C3029A651FE99" authorityName="Kostjukov" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Kostjukov" box="[1265,1363,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromi">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFB1C3029A651FE99" box="[1265,1363,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">A. bromi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. They are identical in all salient characters, including the scape 3.2–3.6 times as long as broad, 1st flagellomere 1.5 times as long as wide (1.2 times in 
<figureCitation id="1340AAE9FF97D84EFE043061A12CFEE1" box="[489,558,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1799,1822]" captionTargetBox="[217,1369,1481,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[217,1369,1481,1779]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5–6. Antennae of Aprostocetus bromi: 5, A. bromi reared from Stenodiplosis bromicola on Bromus inermis (Ulyanovsk, Russia); 6, A. bromi reared from Stenodiplosis sp. on Bromus inermis (Samara, Russia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609320/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
), 3rd flagellomere 1.2 times as long as broad; clava 2.0–2.2 times as long as broad, forewing 2.4 times as long as broad, SMV with 3 setae, forewing: MV with 12–13 setae and size of setae variable in different samples (
<figureCitation id="1340AAE9FF97D84EFE0830B9A14BFE28" box="[485,585,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1347,1370]" captionTargetBox="[217,1369,555,1303]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[217,1369,555,1323]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Antennae of female Aprostocetus bromi (Kostjukov) and A. nebraskensis (Girault): 1, A. bromi (Kostjukov) (Paratype, ZISP); 2, A. bromi reared from Stenodiplosis bromicola on Bromus inermis (South Dakota); 3, A. bromi reared from Stenodiplosis spartinae on Spartina pectinata (South Dakota); 4, Antenna of A. nebraskensis (Girault) (Type USNM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609318/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1340AAE9FF97D84EFDB830B9A181FE29" box="[597,643,404,429]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 5–6" captionStart-1="FIGURES 7–10" captionStartId-0="3.[151,264,1799,1822]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,264,1691,1714]" captionTargetBox-0="[217,1369,1481,1762]" captionTargetBox-1="[220,1323,917,1644]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[217,1369,1481,1779]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[217,1369,902,1670]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURES 5–6. Antennae of Aprostocetus bromi: 5, A. bromi reared from Stenodiplosis bromicola on Bromus inermis (Ulyanovsk, Russia); 6, A. bromi reared from Stenodiplosis sp. on Bromus inermis (Samara, Russia)." captionText-1="FIGURES 7–10. Forewings of Aprostocetus bromi: 7, female, A. bromi Kostjukov (Paratype, ZISP); 8, female, A. bromi reared from Stenodiplosis bromicola on B. inermis (South Dakota), 9, female, A. bromi reared from Stenodiplosis sp. on Andropogon gerardii (South Dakota); 10, male, A. bromi reared from S. bromicola on B. inermis (South Dakota)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2609320/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2609322/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">5–9</figureCitation>
). Other variations observed are in 
<tableCitation id="C6F983D7FF97D84EFBE830B9A75BFE28" box="[1029,1113,404,429]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,476,499]" captionText="TABLE 1. Variation comparison of A. bromi population samples." pageId="4" pageNumber="477">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF04E6E4FF97D84EFF7A30F1A050FE77" box="[151,850,476,499]" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">
<paragraph id="8BC4B66CFF97D84EFF7A30F1A050FE77" blockId="4.[151,850,476,499]" box="[151,850,476,499]" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFF7A30F1A208FE77" bold="true" box="[151,266,476,499]" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Variation comparison of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF97D84EFDF430F1A177FE77" authorityName="Kostjukov" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Kostjukov" box="[537,629,476,499]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromi">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFDF430F1A177FE77" box="[537,629,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">A. bromi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
population samples.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC4B66CFF97D84EFF723323A7C0FCBF" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">
<table id="F97B44CCFF9727B5FF723323A69BFCBF" box="[159,1433,526,827]" gridcols="4" gridrows="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">
<tr id="354BB42EFF9727B5FF723323A69BFDC7" box="[159,1433,526,579]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">
<th id="769ADD52FF9727B5FF723323A13DFDC7" box="[159,575,526,579]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">Character</th>
<th id="769ADD52FF9727B5FDB83323A1D0FDC7" box="[597,722,526,579]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF97D84EFDB83322A1C8FDC7" authority="(S. Dakota)" authorityName="S. Dakota" baseAuthorityName="S. Dakota" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromi">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFDB83322A1AFFDA0" box="[597,685,526,548]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">A. bromi</emphasis>
(S. Dakota)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="769ADD52FF9727B5FCA83323A71CFDC7" box="[837,1054,526,579]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF97D84EFCA83322A08BFDC7" authority="(Kostjukov) (Type)" authorityName="Kostjukov" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Kostjukov" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromi">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFCA83322A09FFDA0" box="[837,925,526,548]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">A. bromi</emphasis>
(Kostjukov) (Type)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="769ADD52FF9727B5FBA03323A69BFDC7" box="[1101,1433,526,579]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF97D84EFBA03322A7A7FDA0" authorityName="Kostjukov" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Kostjukov" box="[1101,1189,526,548]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromi">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFBA03322A7A7FDA0" box="[1101,1189,526,548]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">A. bromi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Russia, Samara and Ulyanovsk)
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354BB42EFF9727B5FF72337BA69BFDE8" box="[159,1433,598,620]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">
<th id="769ADD52FF9727B5FF72337BA13DFDE8" box="[159,575,598,620]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">Antenna. Width to length ratio of pedicel</th>
<td id="769ADD52FF9727B5FDB8337BA1D0FDE8" box="[597,722,598,620]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">1.8</td>
<td id="769ADD52FF9727B5FCA8337BA71CFDE8" box="[837,1054,598,620]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">2.0</td>
<td id="769ADD52FF9727B5FBA0337BA69BFDE8" box="[1101,1433,598,620]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">2.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354BB42EFF9727B5FF7233ADA69BFD12" box="[159,1433,640,662]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">
<th id="769ADD52FF9727B5FF7233ADA13DFD12" box="[159,575,640,662]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">Width to length ratio of 2nd flagellomere</th>
<td id="769ADD52FF9727B5FDB833ADA1D0FD12" box="[597,722,640,662]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">1.4</td>
<td id="769ADD52FF9727B5FCA833ADA71CFD12" box="[837,1054,640,662]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">1.7</td>
<td id="769ADD52FF9727B5FBA033ADA69BFD12" box="[1101,1433,640,662]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">1.8-1.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354BB42EFF9727B5FF723384A69BFD3B" box="[159,1433,681,703]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">
<th id="769ADD52FF9727B5FF723384A13DFD3B" box="[159,575,681,703]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">Clava/F3</th>
<td id="769ADD52FF9727B5FDB83384A1D0FD3B" box="[597,722,681,703]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">1.8-2.0</td>
<td id="769ADD52FF9727B5FCA83384A71CFD3B" box="[837,1054,681,703]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">2.3</td>
<td id="769ADD52FF9727B5FBA03384A69BFD3B" box="[1101,1433,681,703]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">2.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354BB42EFF9727B5FF7233FFA69BFD6C" box="[159,1433,722,744]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">
<th id="769ADD52FF9727B5FF7233FFA13DFD6C" box="[159,575,722,744]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">Forewing MV to STV length ratio</th>
<td id="769ADD52FF9727B5FDB833FFA1D0FD6C" box="[597,722,722,744]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">3.6</td>
<td id="769ADD52FF9727B5FCA833FFA71CFD6C" box="[837,1054,722,744]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">4.0</td>
<td id="769ADD52FF9727B5FBA033FFA69BFD6C" box="[1101,1433,722,744]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">4.2-4.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354BB42EFF9727B5FF7233D1A69BFC96" box="[159,1433,764,786]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">
<th id="769ADD52FF9727B5FF7233D1A13DFC96" box="[159,575,764,786]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">Length to width ratio of the abdomen</th>
<td id="769ADD52FF9727B5FDB833D1A1D0FC96" box="[597,722,764,786]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">1.7</td>
<td id="769ADD52FF9727B5FCA833D1A71CFC96" box="[837,1054,764,786]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">1.9-2.2</td>
<td id="769ADD52FF9727B5FBA033D1A69BFC96" box="[1101,1433,764,786]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">1.9-2.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354BB42EFF9727B5FF723208A69BFCBF" box="[159,1433,805,827]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">
<th id="769ADD52FF9727B5FF723208A13DFCBF" box="[159,575,805,827]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">Body size</th>
<td id="769ADD52FF9727B5FDB83208A1D0FCBF" box="[597,722,805,827]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">1.1-1.3 mm.</td>
<td id="769ADD52FF9727B5FCA83208A71CFCBF" box="[837,1054,805,827]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">1.4 -1.5 mm</td>
<td id="769ADD52FF9727B5FBA03208A69BFCBF" box="[1101,1433,805,827]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">1.1-2.1 mm</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF04E6E4FF97D84EFF7A37B6A78CF96B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609322/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" startId="4.[151,264,1691,1714]" targetBox="[220,1323,917,1644]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BC4B66CFF97D84EFF7A37B6A78CF96B" blockId="4.[151,1436,1691,1775]" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFF7A37B6A244F935" bold="true" box="[151,326,1691,1714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">FIGURES 7–10.</emphasis>
Forewings of 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFE3A37B1A1A6F936" box="[471,676,1692,1714]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF97D84EFE3A37B1A19CF936" authorityName="Kostjukov" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Kostjukov" box="[471,670,1692,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromi">Aprostocetus bromi</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFD4737B1A1BFF935" bold="true" box="[682,701,1692,1713]" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">7,</emphasis>
female, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF97D84EFCF937B1A0DBF936" authority="Kostjukov" authorityName="Kostjukov" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Kostjukov" box="[788,985,1692,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromi">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFCF937B1A069F936" box="[788,875,1692,1714]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">A. bromi</emphasis>
Kostjukov
</taxonomicName>
(Paratype, ZISP); 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFB7B37B1A7A8F935" bold="true" box="[1174,1194,1692,1713]" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">8,</emphasis>
female, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF97D84EFAED37B1A655F936" authorityName="Kostjukov" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Kostjukov" box="[1280,1367,1692,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromi">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFAED37B1A655F936" box="[1280,1367,1692,1714]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">A. bromi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reared from 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF97D84EFF233797A2C0F954" box="[206,450,1722,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Stenodiplosis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromicola">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFF233797A2C0F954" box="[206,450,1722,1744]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">Stenodiplosis bromicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF97D84EFE053796A14DF954" baseAuthorityName="Agafonova" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[488,591,1723,1744]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bromus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFE053796A14DF954" box="[488,591,1723,1744]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">B. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(South Dakota), 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFD123797A013F94B" bold="true" box="[767,785,1722,1743]" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">9,</emphasis>
female, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF97D84EFC813796A0C7F954" authorityName="Kostjukov" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Kostjukov" box="[876,965,1722,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromi">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFC813796A0C7F954" box="[876,965,1722,1744]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">A. bromi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reared from 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF97D84EFBA13797A7D0F954" authorityName="Reuter" authorityYear="1895" box="[1100,1234,1722,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Stenodiplosis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFBA13797A7D0F954" box="[1100,1234,1722,1744]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">Stenodiplosis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. on 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF97D84EFAF33797A3EBF96B" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Andropogon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gerardii">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFAF33797A3EBF96B" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">Andropogon gerardii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(South Dakota); 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFE7537F4A2B5F96A" bold="true" box="[408,439,1753,1774]" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">10,</emphasis>
male, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF97D84EFE1137F7A151F96B" authorityName="Kostjukov" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Kostjukov" box="[508,595,1753,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromi">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFE1137F7A151F96B" box="[508,595,1753,1775]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">A. bromi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reared from 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF97D84EFD3A37F7A055F96B" box="[727,855,1753,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Stenodiplosis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromicola">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFD3A37F7A055F96B" box="[727,855,1753,1775]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">S. bromicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF97D84EFC9037F7A0E7F96B" baseAuthorityName="Agafonova" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[893,997,1754,1775]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bromus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFC9037F7A08EF96B" box="[893,908,1754,1775]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">B</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFC7437F7A0E7F96B" box="[921,997,1754,1775]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(South Dakota).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC4B66CFF97D84FFF2A363BA7B2FEC4" blockId="4.[151,1437,1814,2019]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="478" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">
Based on the published evidence of host associations in 
<collectingCountry id="F36CF6FCFF97D84EFCAA363BA090F8AB" box="[839,914,1814,1839]" name="Russia" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">Russia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEACB9DFF97D84EFC4C363BA611F8AB" author="Marikovskij, P. I. &amp; Agafonova, Z. J." box="[929,1299,1814,1839]" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" pagination="146 - 148" refId="ref7998" refString="Marikovskij, P. I. &amp; Agafonova, Z. J. (1961) A new species of gall midge (Diptera, Itonididae) injurious to brome grass: some characters of its biology. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 40, 272 - 274. [translated to English in Entomological Review, 40 (2), 146 - 148. (1961)]" type="journal article" year="1961">Marikovskij &amp; Agofonova 1961</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEACB9DFF97D84EFACD363BA3D0F8D7" author="Agafonova, Z. Y." pageId="4" pageNumber="477" pagination="11 - 21" refId="ref6707" refString="Agafonova, Z. Y. (1962) Development of the midge Stenodipiosis bromicola Mar. et Ag. (Diptera: Itonididae), in relation to peculiarities of brome biology (Bromus inermis Leyss. and B. riparius Rehm.) Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 41 (1), 22 - 39. [English: Entomological Review, 41, 11 - 21]" type="journal article" year="1962">Agafonova 1962</bibRefCitation>
, Kosjukov 1978) and our experience in 
<collectingRegion id="49BF788EFF97D84EFD733617A03BF8D7" box="[670,825,1850,1875]" country="United States of America" name="South Dakota" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">South Dakota</collectingRegion>
(Perilla López 2015, Perilla López 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFB393611A604F8D7" box="[1236,1286,1850,1875]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">et al</emphasis>
. 2015a-b) 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF97D84EFA693616A3DBF8F3" authorityName="Kostjukov" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Kostjukov" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromi">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFA693616A3DBF8F3" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">A. bromi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the primary parasitoid of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF97D84EFDF13672A1A9F8F3" box="[540,683,1886,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Stenodiplosis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromicola">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFDF13672A1A9F8F3" box="[540,683,1886,1911]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">S. bromicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and both species were introduced to North America. 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF97D84EFAE63672A3DBF81F" authorityName="Kostjukov" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Kostjukov" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromi">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFAE63672A3DBF81F" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">Aprostocetus bromi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was also reared from 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF97D84EFE3836AEA1B6F81E" authority="Reuter" authorityName="Reuter" box="[469,692,1922,1947]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Stenodiplosis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geniculati">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFE3836AEA160F81F" box="[469,610,1922,1947]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">S. geniculati</emphasis>
Reuter
</taxonomicName>
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF97D84EFD0D36AFA0CCF81F" box="[736,974,1922,1947]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Alopecurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFD0D36AFA0CCF81F" box="[736,974,1922,1947]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">Alopecurus pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Perilla López 2015, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEACB9DFF97D84EFB2936AFA3E0F83B" author="Perilla Lopez, J. M. &amp; Johnson, P. J. &amp; Boe, A." pageId="4" pageNumber="477" pagination="297 - 303" refId="ref8415" refString="Perilla Lopez, J. M., Johnson, P. J. &amp; Boe, A. (2015 b) Morphological and ecological discrimination of two Stenodiplosis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Alopecurus arundinaceus, A. pratensis and Bromus inermis (Poales: Poaceae) in eastern South Dakota. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science s, 94, 297 - 303." type="journal article" year="2015">
Perilla López 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFA8E36A9A69EF81F" box="[1379,1436,1922,1947]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">et al.</emphasis>
2015b
</bibRefCitation>
). Both the wasp and the gall midge were apparently introduced into the 
<collectingCountry id="F36CF6FCFF97D84EFBEE368AA752F83B" box="[1027,1104,1959,1983]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
beginning in the early 1880’s through the 1910’s when a large volume of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF97D84EFD6C36E1A1F4F867" baseAuthorityName="Agafonova" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[641,758,1996,2019]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bromus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF97D84EFD6C36E1A1F4F867" box="[641,758,1996,2019]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">B. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seed was imported from the 
<collectingRegion id="49BF788EFF97D84EFBD136E6A77DF866" box="[1084,1151,1995,2018]" country="Russia" name="Penza" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">Penza</collectingRegion>
region of 
<collectingCountry id="F36CF6FCFF97D84EFB1936E7A640F867" box="[1268,1346,1994,2019]" name="Russia" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">Russia</collectingCountry>
. Details of this seed shipment were given by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEACB9DFF96D84FFDAA31BAA08BFF34" author="Perilla Lopez, J. M. &amp; Johnson, P. J. &amp; Gagne, R. J. &amp; Boe, A." box="[583,905,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="478" pagination="115 - 124" refId="ref8330" refString="Perilla Lopez, J. M., Johnson, P. J., Gagne, R. J. &amp; Boe, A. (2015 a) A new species of Stenodiplosis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Spartina grasses (Poaceae) with notes on its biology and its parasitoid Tetrastichus bromi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Zootaxa, 4057 (1), 115 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4057.1.7" type="journal article" year="2015">
Perilla López 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF96D84FFD0731B4A027FF34" box="[746,805,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="478">et al.</emphasis>
(2015a)
</bibRefCitation>
. The plant was intended to provide a drought tolerant and cool-growing season forage for livestock, but has become a major environmental weed in most regions (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEACB9DFF96D84FFF7331F2A2A0FF7C" author="Otfinowski, R. &amp; Kenkel, N. C. &amp; Catling, P. M." box="[158,418,223,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="478" pagination="183 - 198" refId="ref8225" refString="Otfinowski, R., Kenkel, N. C. &amp; Catling, P. M. (2007) The biology of Canadian weeds. Bromus inermis Leyss. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 87 (1), 183 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.4141 / P 06 - 071" type="journal article" year="2007">
Otfinowski 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF96D84FFEC831CCA25CFF7C" box="[293,350,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="478">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
). In South Dakota 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF96D84FFD9831CDA1D5FF7C" authorityName="Kostjukov" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Kostjukov" box="[629,727,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromi">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF96D84FFD9831CDA1D5FF7C" box="[629,727,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="478">A. bromi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only known parasitoid of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF96D84FFBAE31CDA7D0FF7C" box="[1091,1234,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Stenodiplosis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromicola">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF96D84FFBAE31CDA7D0FF7C" box="[1091,1234,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="478">S. bromicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and parasitizes 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF96D84FFA6A31CDA3D8FE98" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Stenodiplosis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wattsi">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF96D84FFA6A31CDA3D8FE98" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="478">S. wattsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF96D84FFEC83029A2D9FE99" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1916" baseAuthorityName="Girault" box="[293,475,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebraskensis">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF96D84FFEC83029A2D9FE99" box="[293,475,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="478">A. nebraskensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF96D84FFDFD3029A001FE99" box="[528,771,260,285]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Andropogon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="478" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gerardii">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF96D84FFDFD3029A001FE99" box="[528,771,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="478">Andropogon gerardii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF96D84FFCA93029A72EFE98" box="[836,1068,260,285]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Sorghastrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="478" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nutans">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF96D84FFCA93029A72EFE98" box="[836,1068,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="478">Sorghastrum nutans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It has also entered the native parasitoid guild on 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF96D84FFE9D300AA177FEC4" box="[368,629,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Stenodiplosis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spartinae">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF96D84FFE9D300AA177FEC4" box="[368,629,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="478">Stenodiplosis spartinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF96D84FFD723005A7AEFEC4" authority="(Perilla Lopez et al. 2015 a)" authorityName="Perilla Lopez" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Perilla Lopez" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[671,1196,295,320]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="478" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinata">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF96D84FFD723005A06CFEC4" box="[671,878,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="478">Spartina pectinata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEACB9DFF96D84FFC90300AA7A6FEC4" author="Perilla Lopez, J. M. &amp; Johnson, P. J. &amp; Gagne, R. J. &amp; Boe, A." box="[893,1188,295,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="478" pagination="115 - 124" refId="ref8330" refString="Perilla Lopez, J. M., Johnson, P. J., Gagne, R. J. &amp; Boe, A. (2015 a) A new species of Stenodiplosis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Spartina grasses (Poaceae) with notes on its biology and its parasitoid Tetrastichus bromi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Zootaxa, 4057 (1), 115 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4057.1.7" type="journal article" year="2015">
Perilla López 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF96D84FFBF13004A756FEC4" box="[1052,1108,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="478">et al.</emphasis>
2015a
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF04E6E4FF96D84FFF7A3467A2F8FA1A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609324/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="478" startId="5.[151,264,1354,1377]" targetBox="[227,1323,404,1304]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BC4B66CFF96D84FFF7A3467A2F8FA1A" blockId="5.[151,1437,1354,1438]" pageId="5" pageNumber="478">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF96D84FFF7A3467A256FADB" bold="true" box="[151,340,1354,1377]" pageId="5" pageNumber="478">FIGURES 11–12.</emphasis>
Antennae of male 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF96D84FFDF13466A1E6FAE4" authorityName="Kostjukov" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Kostjukov" box="[540,740,1354,1376]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromi">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF96D84FFDF13466A1E6FAE4" box="[540,740,1354,1376]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="478">Aprostocetus bromi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF96D84FFCF43466A0BBFAE4" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1916" baseAuthorityName="Girault" box="[793,953,1354,1376]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebraskensis">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF96D84FFCF43466A0BBFAE4" box="[793,953,1354,1376]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="478">A. nebraskensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:. 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF96D84FFC3D3467A0EEFADB" bold="true" box="[976,1004,1354,1375]" pageId="5" pageNumber="478">11,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF96D84FFC1B3466A752FAE4" authorityName="Kostjukov" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Kostjukov" box="[1014,1104,1354,1376]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromi">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF96D84FFC1B3466A752FAE4" box="[1014,1104,1354,1376]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="478">A. bromi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reared from 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF96D84FFB373466A65EFAE4" box="[1242,1372,1354,1376]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Stenodiplosis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromicola">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF96D84FFB373466A65EFAE4" box="[1242,1372,1354,1376]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="478">S. bromicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF96D84FFA6B3466A3E1FAFB" baseAuthorityName="Agafonova" baseAuthorityYear="1962" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bromus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="478" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF96D84FFA6B3466A3E1FAFB" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="478">B. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(South Dakota); 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF96D84FFE713444A2CAFAFA" bold="true" box="[412,456,1385,1406]" pageId="5" pageNumber="478">12a,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF96D84FFE3F3447A12FFAFB" authorityName="Kostjukov" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Kostjukov" box="[466,557,1385,1407]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromi">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF96D84FFE3F3447A12FFAFB" box="[466,557,1385,1407]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="478">A. bromi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reared from 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF96D84FFD573444A0ABFAFB" box="[698,937,1385,1407]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Stenodiplosis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spartinae">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF96D84FFD573444A0ABFAFB" box="[698,937,1385,1407]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="478">Stenodiplosis spartinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF96D84FFC3B3447A797FAFB" box="[982,1173,1386,1407]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="478" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinata">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF96D84FFC3B3447A797FAFB" box="[982,1173,1386,1407]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="478">Spartina pectinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(South Dakota); 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF96D84FFAA23444A67EFAFA" bold="true" box="[1359,1404,1385,1406]" pageId="5" pageNumber="478">12b,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF96D84FFA6B3447A218FA1A" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1916" baseAuthorityName="Girault" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebraskensis">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF96D84FFA6B3447A218FA1A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="478">A. nebraskensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male (South Dakota).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF04E6E4FF96D84FFF7A3684A77DF85A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609326/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="478" startId="5.[151,264,1961,1984]" targetBox="[192,1395,1487,1939]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BC4B66CFF96D84FFF7A3684A77DF85A" blockId="5.[151,1436,1961,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="478">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF96D84FFF7A3684A255F83B" bold="true" box="[151,343,1961,1984]" pageId="5" pageNumber="478">FIGURES 13–15.</emphasis>
Female, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF96D84FFE503687A1CCF844" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1916" baseAuthorityName="Girault" box="[445,718,1962,1984]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebraskensis">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF96D84FFE503687A1CCF844" box="[445,718,1962,1984]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="478">Aprostocetus nebraskensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF96D84FFD323687A1FDF83B" bold="true" box="[735,767,1962,1983]" pageId="5" pageNumber="478">13,</emphasis>
mesosoma, dorsal (Type USNM); 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF96D84FFB9B3687A797F83B" bold="true" box="[1142,1173,1962,1983]" pageId="5" pageNumber="478">14,</emphasis>
mesosoma, dorso-lateral (Type USNM); 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF96D84FFEDA36E5A254F859" bold="true" box="[311,342,1992,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="478">15,</emphasis>
mesoscutellum, dorsellum and part of propodeum, dorsal view (South Dakota).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF04E6E4FF95D84CFF7A368DA017F85E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609328/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="479" startId="6.[151,264,1952,1975]" targetBox="[151,1436,203,1926]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BC4B66CFF95D84CFF7A368DA017F85E" blockId="6.[151,1436,1952,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="479">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF95D84CFF7A368DA258F831" bold="true" box="[151,346,1952,1975]" pageId="6" pageNumber="479">FIGURES 16–17.</emphasis>
Male, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF95D84CFE5C368CA1C7F832" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1916" baseAuthorityName="Girault" box="[433,709,1952,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebraskensis">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF95D84CFE5C368CA1C7F832" box="[433,709,1952,1974]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="479">Aprostocetus nebraskensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF95D84CFD34368DA1FBF831" bold="true" box="[729,761,1952,1973]" pageId="6" pageNumber="479">16,</emphasis>
body, dorso-lateral view (South Dakota); 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF95D84CFB3D368DA7EDF831" bold="true" box="[1232,1263,1952,1973]" pageId="6" pageNumber="479">17,</emphasis>
mesoscutellum, dorsellum and part of propodeum, dorsal view (South Dakota).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC4B66CFF94D84DFF2A31B5A7B7FE0C" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF94D84DFF2A31B5A2A1FF34" authorityName="Kostjukov" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Kostjukov" box="[199,419,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromi">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF94D84DFF2A31B5A2A1FF34" box="[199,419,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">Aprostocetus bromi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was also reared from gall midges on 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF94D84DFCBE31BAA74AFF34" box="[851,1096,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF94D84DFCBE31BAA747FF34" box="[851,1093,151,176]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Alopecurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="480" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pratensis">Alopecurus pratensis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
another Eurasian cool-season grass, and the native warm-season grasses 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF94D84DFD7B3191A08BFF51" box="[662,905,188,213]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Andropogon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="480" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gerardii">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF94D84DFD7B3191A08BFF51" box="[662,905,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">Andropogon gerardii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF94D84DFC713191A7C1FF50" authorityName="Nash" authorityYear="1903" baseAuthorityName="Michx." box="[924,1219,188,213]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Schizachyrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="480" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scoparium">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF94D84DFC713191A7C1FF50" box="[924,1219,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">Schizachyrium scoparium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF94D84DFAE13191A3E0FF7C" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Sorghastrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="480" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nutans">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF94D84DFAE13191A3E0FF7C" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">Sorghastrum nutans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The host gall midges, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF94D84DFE0431CDA175FF7C" box="[489,631,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Stenodiplosis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromicola">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF94D84DFE0431CDA175FF7C" box="[489,631,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">S. bromicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF94D84DFD4331CDA043FF7C" box="[686,833,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF94D84DFD4331CDA03FFF7C" box="[686,829,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Stenodiplosis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geniculati">S. geniculati</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
in these introduced grasses are also Eurasian species. 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF94D84DFF7A3029A276FE99" authorityName="Kostjukov" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Kostjukov" box="[151,372,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromi">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF94D84DFF7A3029A276FE99" box="[151,372,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">Aprostocetus bromi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to be an oligophagous Eurasian introduction specialized on 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF94D84DFB693029A61AFE99" authorityName="Reuter" authorityYear="1895" box="[1156,1304,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Stenodiplosis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF94D84DFB693029A61AFE99" box="[1156,1304,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">Stenodiplosis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae that transferred to North American native 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF94D84DFDD2300AA1D6FEC4" authorityName="Reuter" authorityYear="1895" box="[575,724,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Stenodiplosis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF94D84DFDD2300AA1D6FEC4" box="[575,724,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">Stenodiplosis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., including 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF94D84DFC653005A70DFEC4" box="[904,1039,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Stenodiplosis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spartinae">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF94D84DFC653005A70DFEC4" box="[904,1039,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">S. spartinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Perilla López 
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF94D84DFB503004A7F4FEC4" box="[1213,1270,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">et al.</emphasis>
2015a-b). The relationships of this species with other species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF94D84DFD3C3061A060FEE7" box="[721,866,332,355]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF94D84DFD3C3061A060FEE7" box="[721,866,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">Aprostocetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the same ecological guild is expected to prove interesting and may shed more light on the nature and impact of invasive species associations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4B66CFF94D84DFF2A30B9A24EFDB9" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">
The recognition of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7BCDEFFF94D84DFE5F30B9A11BFE29" authorityName="Kostjukov" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Kostjukov" box="[434,537,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromi">
<emphasis id="B90F6A7EFF94D84DFE5F30B9A11BFE29" box="[434,537,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">A. bromi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as an invasive parasitoid in North America exemplifies the importance of taxonomic due diligence with international specialist collaborations to resolve biodiversity questions in unstable anthropogenic communities. These discoveries also highlight the understudied guild-level ecological disruptions caused by global movements of parasitoid species that are moved between environments without regard to native species sanctity.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>