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<taxonomicName id="D39A4D0E726FFFD4FF2CF844FD753F12" authority="LANKESTER, 1903" authorityName="LANKESTER" authorityYear="1903" box="[191,659,862,886]" class="Mammalia" family="Arsinoitheriidae" genus="Arsinoitherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uranotheria" pageId="4" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andrewsi">
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<emphasis id="26EEEA9F726FFFD4FF2CF844FE373F12" bold="true" box="[191,465,862,886]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="304">Arsinoitherium andrewsi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="700B4B7C726FFFD4FE4BF845FDB73F10" author="Lankester, E. R." box="[472,593,863,886]" pageId="4" pageNumber="304" pagination="238" refId="ref12150" refString="Lankester, E. R. (1903): A new extinct monster. - Sphere, London, 1903: 238." type="journal article" year="1903">LANKESTER</bibRefCitation>
, 1903
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<paragraph id="1425368D726FFFD4FF03F894FD0F3FC1" blockId="4.[106,745,910,965]" box="[144,745,910,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="304">M a t e r i a l. ONHM TN 2017-04, right p/2; ONHM TN</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1425368D726FFFD4FFF9F8B4FD6D3FA1" blockId="4.[106,745,910,965]" box="[106,651,942,965]" pageId="4" pageNumber="304">2017-06, right p/4; ONHM TN 2017-03, right m/3.</paragraph>
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D e s c r i p t i o n. Three embrithopod lower teeth were collected at the 
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<emphasis id="26EEEA9F726FFFD4FE88F8E7FE513870" box="[283,439,1021,1044]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="304">Omanitherium</emphasis>
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locality (
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, Textfig. 8). The moderately worn right p/2 and p/4 preserve only the ectolophids, which are w-shaped, with the central valley closer to the distal end than to the mesial end, the lingual sides of the teeth and the roots having been destroyed by gypsum crystal growth. On the buccal side of the tooth, there is a mesial cingulum that rises from the cervix towards the occlusal surface. The buccal valley slants distally as it descends from the occlusal surface towards the cervix. The roots are broken off.
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<paragraph id="1425368D726FFFD4FCC9F9A2FA8E3FEB" blockId="4.[820,1460,632,911]" pageId="4" pageNumber="304">The right m/3 is heavily worn and lacks the lingual half as well as the mesial root, also damaged by gypsum growth. The distal root is massive and slants strongly to the rear, indicating that the tooth is the third molar. The crown is composed of two angular crescents with a deep central valley on the buccal side. The talonid is broken off, but its root base is preserved as a small shelf behind the distal lophid.</paragraph>
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D i s c u s s i o n. There has been a long-standing tradition by which all the arsinoitheres from the Fayum, 
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, have been interpreted to comprise a single species, 
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<emphasis id="26EEEA9F726FFFD4FA86F8FDFC93387A" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="304">Arsinoitherium zittelli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="700B4B7C726FFFD4FCECFF1DFBD0387A" author="Beadnell, J." box="[895,1078,1031,1054]" pageId="4" pageNumber="304" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref11098" refString="Beadnell, J. (1902 a): A preliminary note on Arsinoitherium zitteli Beadnell, from the upper Eocene strata of Egypt. - Survey Department, Public Works Ministry, Cairo, National Printing Department, pp. 1 - 4." type="book chapter" year="1902">BEADNELL, 1902a</bibRefCitation>
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(
<bibRefCitation id="700B4B7C726FFFD4FBD4FF1DFB15387A" author="Beadnell, J." box="[1095,1267,1031,1054]" pageId="4" pageNumber="304" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref11098" refString="Beadnell, J. (1902 a): A preliminary note on Arsinoitherium zitteli Beadnell, from the upper Eocene strata of Egypt. - Survey Department, Public Works Ministry, Cairo, National Printing Department, pp. 1 - 4." type="book chapter" year="1902">Beadnell 1902a</bibRefCitation>
, b, 
<bibRefCitation id="700B4B7C726FFFD4FA8CFF1DFC9E385A" author="Sanders, W. &amp; Rasmussen, D. T. &amp; Kappelman, J." pageId="4" pageNumber="304" pagination="115 - 122" refId="ref14171" refString="Sanders, W., Rasmussen, D. T., Kappelman, J. (2010 a): Embrithopoda. - In: Werdelin, L., Sanders, W. J. (eds), Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, pp. 115 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.1525 / california / 9780520257214.003.0012" type="book chapter" year="2010">Sanders et al. 2010a</bibRefCitation>
), with the large range of variation being interpreted as a case of sexual dimorphism (
<bibRefCitation id="700B4B7C726FFFD4FBFDFF5DFADA383A" author="Sanders, W. J. &amp; Kappelman, J. &amp; Rasmussen, D. T." box="[1134,1340,1095,1118]" pageId="4" pageNumber="304" pagination="365 - 392" refId="ref14125" refString="Sanders, W. J., Kappelman, J., Rasmussen, D. T. (2004): New large-bodied mammals from the late Oligocene site of Chilga, Ethiopia. - Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 49: 365 - 392." type="journal article" year="2004">Sanders et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
). However, 
<bibRefCitation id="700B4B7C726FFFD4FCA7FF7DFC00381A" author="Pickford, M." box="[820,998,1127,1150]" pageId="4" pageNumber="304" pagination="139 - 148" refId="ref12959" refString="Pickford, M. (2015 a): Large Ungulates from the Basal Oligocene of Oman: 1 - Embrithopoda. - Spanish Journal of Palaeontology, 30 (1): 139 - 148." type="journal article" year="2015">Pickford (2015a)</bibRefCitation>
considered that the range of morphological variation in the available samples was too great to be encompassed by a single species, and he accordingly resurrected the species 
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<emphasis id="26EEEA9F726EFFD5FEE9F9FDFD663E9A" box="[378,640,743,766]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="305">Arsinoitherium andrewsi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="700B4B7C726EFFD5FD1AF9FDFF5E3F7A" author="Lankester, E. R." pageId="5" pageNumber="305" pagination="238" refId="ref12150" refString="Lankester, E. R. (1903): A new extinct monster. - Sphere, London, 1903: 238." type="journal article" year="1903">LANKESTER, 1903</bibRefCitation>
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, to which the Omani fossils show a strong resemblance (large talonid in the m/3, morphology of the P4/). The new fossils described herein accord with this interpretation, the form of the ectolophs of the lower premolars resembling those in the lower jaw attributed to 
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<emphasis id="26EEEA9F726EFFD5FE68F892FD193FFB" box="[507,767,904,927]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="305">Arsinoitherium andrewsi</emphasis>
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by 
<bibRefCitation id="700B4B7C726EFFD5FF30F8B2FEB53FDB" author="Andrews, C. W." box="[163,339,936,959]" pageId="5" pageNumber="305" refId="ref10999" refString="Andrews, C. W. (1906): A Descriptive Catalogue of the Tertiary Vertebrata of the Fayum, Egypt. - British Museum of Natural History, London, 342 pp." type="book" year="1906">Andrews (1906)</bibRefCitation>
, and the probable presence of a talonid behind the second lophid of the m/3 (broken off but leaving a small shelf-like process above the root), which agrees with this species.
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