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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.159.55330" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d5277062-3126-470b-8780-f05e487b1c89" ID-PMC="PMC7486311" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-159-71" ID-Pensoft-UUID="E9DA9186A78F5770980129A17A54A8F2" ID-PubMed="32973390" ModsDocID="1314-2003-159-71" checkinTime="1599298919024" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Valdespino, Ivan A." docDate="2020" docId="6E834D0D2D935733B792B9C3B2B77CBF" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 159: 71-113" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 159" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.159.55330" docTitle="Selaginella xanthoneura Valdespino 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="E9DA9186A78F5770980129A17A54A8F2" lastPageNumber="71" masterDocId="E9DA9186A78F5770980129A17A54A8F2" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic innovations in South American Selaginella (Selaginellaceae, Lycopodiophyta): description of five new species and an additional range extension" masterLastPageNumber="113" masterPageNumber="71" pageNumber="71" updateTime="1668140019644" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Taxonomic innovations in South American Selaginella (Selaginellaceae, Lycopodiophyta): description of five new species and an additional range extension</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Valdespino, Ivan A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Botanica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnologia, Universidad de Panama, Apartado Postal 0824 - 00073, Panama &amp; Sistema Nacional de Investigacion (SNI), SENACYT, Panama</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1004-8289</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">iavaldespino@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>159</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>71</mods:start>
<mods:end>113</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.159.55330</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.159.55330</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-159-71</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">E9DA9186A78F5770980129A17A54A8F2</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="167514799" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E834D0D2D935733B792B9C3B2B77CBF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E834D0D2D935733B792B9C3B2B77CBF" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName LSID="6E834D0D-2D93-5733-B792-B9C3B2B77CBF" authority="Valdespino" authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2020" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella xanthoneura" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xanthoneura" status="sp. nov.">Selaginella xanthoneura Valdespino</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="71">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Distribution of Selaginella gioiae □, S. surucucusensis ▲, S. xanthoneura ●." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.55330.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449476" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Figures 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Selaginella xanthoneura Valdespino. A Habit, upper surface of stem B branch section, upper surface, note terminal strobilus C branch section, lower surface D branch section showing median leaves, upper surfaces E, F branch section showing axillary leaf (E) and lateral leaf (F), lower surfaces. A-F line drawing made from the holotype and isotypes as follow: A, C-D. E, F (holotype) and B (isotypes at GH &amp; NY). Illustration by Haruto Fukuda." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.55330.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449485" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">, 14</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Selaginella xanthoneura Valdespino. A Lateral leaf from stem, upper surface. B proximal half of lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf shown in A) C distal half of lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf shown in A) D lateral leaf, lower surface E proximal half of lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf shown in D) F distal half of lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf shown in D); note, submarginal, elongate and papillate idioblasts (F 1) G median leaf from stem branch, upper surface H proximal half of lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf shown in G); note submarginal band of idioblasts (a) and stomata along midrib (b) I distal half of median leaf, upper surface (same leaf shown in G); note, short elongate and papillate idioblasts (a). A-I taken from the holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.55330.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449486" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">, 15</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Selaginella xanthoneura Valdespino. A median leaf from stem, lower surface B proximal, inner half section of median leaf, lower surface (same leaf shown in A); note elongate and papillate idioblasts (a) C detail of papillae on idioblasts present on inner half section of median leaf, lower surface (same leaf shown in A) D axillary leaf from stem branch, upper surface E proximal half of axillary leaf, upper surface (same leaf shown in D) F distal half of axillary leaf, upper surface (same leaf shown in D). A-F taken from the holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.55330.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449487" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">, 16</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Selaginella xanthoneura Valdespino. A Megaspore, proximal face B detail of megaspore, proximal face C megaspore, distal face D detail of megaspore, distal face. A-D taken from the holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.55330.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449488" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">, 17</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Selaginella xanthoneura Valdespino. A Microspore, proximal face B detail of microspore, proximal face C microspore, distal face D detail of microspore, distal face E microspore, distal face, equatorial view F detail of capitate projections with echinate microstructure surfaces. A-F taken from the holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.55330.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449489" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">, 18</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2020" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella xanthoneura" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xanthoneura">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella xanthoneura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinct from
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. hartii" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="hartii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. hartii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hieron. by lacking (vs. often with) flagelliform stem and branch apices, coriaceous (vs. chartaceous) leaves, lateral leaves ovate to broadly ovate (vs. ovate-oblong) with rounded (vs. truncate) bases and shortly ciliate (vs. denticulate) acroscopic margins, and acroscopic halves near proximal ⅓ of the lamina about the same width of (vs. twice as wide as) basiscopic halves, and median leaf outer margins distinctly widely hyaline (vs. green) with acuminate to short-aristate (vs. long-aristate) apices, each acumen or arista 0.1-0.3 (vs. 1.0) mm long.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.55330.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449485" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Figure 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2020" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella xanthoneura" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xanthoneura">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella xanthoneura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Valdespino.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">A</emphasis>
Habit, upper surface of stem
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">B</emphasis>
branch section, upper surface, note terminal strobilus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">C</emphasis>
branch section, lower surface
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">D</emphasis>
branch section showing median leaves, upper surfaces
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">E, F</emphasis>
branch section showing axillary leaf (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">E</emphasis>
) and lateral leaf (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">F</emphasis>
), lower surfaces.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">A-F</emphasis>
line drawing made from the holotype and isotypes as follow:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">A, C-D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">E, F</emphasis>
(holotype) and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">B</emphasis>
(isotypes at GH &amp; NY). Illustration by Haruto Fukuda.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
Colombia. Magdalena [La Guajira]: Sierra de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Perijá">Perija</normalizedToken>
, 10 km ENE of Manaure, 46 km E of Valledupar, 3 km from the Venezuelan border, 2300 m, 4 Feb 1945 (fe),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">M. Grant 10811</emphasis>
(holotype: COL!; isotypes: CR!, GH!, NY!, US-2 sheets!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Plants</emphasis>
terrestrial.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Stems</emphasis>
erect, stramineous, 28-60 cm tall, (0.5)1.0-2.5 mm diam. on main stem before first branches, non-articulate, not flagelliform, stoloniferous, 2 or 3-branched, the terminal portion of the stem similar in shape to lateral branches (i.e., conform).
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Rhizophores</emphasis>
axillary, ventral, dorsal, and seemingly lateral, borne on lower-most part of the stems and throughout stolons, stout, 0.2-0.5 mm diam.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Leaves</emphasis>
seemingly monomorphic and strongly appressed to the stems up to shortly before (ca. 3 cm below) first branch, then heteromorphic throughout, coriaceous, upper surfaces shiny greenish yellow (i.e., citrine) when dry, smooth to slightly striate, lower surfaces shiny to silvery greenish-yellow, striate submedially and smooth towards margins, those on main stems before fully heteromorphic ovate-deltate or deltate, the bases prominently raised and truncate with both edges rounded or slightly subcordate and entire or denticulate, the margins narrowly to broadly hyaline, greenish-hyaline or greenish, inner margins short-ciliate along proximal
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
, otherwise dentate to denticulate distally, outer margins dentate to denticulate distally, apices acute, tipped by 1-4 teeth or entire.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Lateral leaves</emphasis>
on main stem after leaves fully heteromorphic, imbricate and ascending up to proximal
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
of the stems, otherwise distant and spreading along distal
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
of the stems, ovate to broadly ovate ascending, 4.0-6.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(1.5)2.0-3.5 mm; bases rounded to subcordate with a truncate and prominent central portion, glabrous, acroscopic bases strongly overlapping stems, rounded, basiscopic bases free from stems, rounded; margins on upper surfaces narrowly bordered by greenish, rectangular, and laevigate cells, acroscopic margins on lower surfaces bordered continuously by a hyaline band comprised of idioblasts, the band 2-7 cells wide, the idioblasts elongate, straight-walled, and papillate, the papillae in a single row over each cell lumen, basiscopic margins on proximal ⅓ bordered by elongate, greenish, rectangular, and laevigate cells and submarginally bordered by a hyaline band comprised of idioblasts, the band 1-5 cells wide, the idioblasts elongate, straight-walled, and papillate, the papillae in a single row over each cell lumen, on distal ⅔ bordered by a hyaline band comprised of idioblasts, the band 3-10 cells wide, the idioblasts similar to those of the acroscopic margins and submarginal proximal ⅓ of basiscopic margins and often specially toward distal ⅓ intermixed with cells similar to those of basiscopic proximal ⅓; apices acute to shortly attenuate, tipped by 1-3 teeth; upper surfaces comprising irregularly shaped, somewhat rectangular to quadrangular, sinuate-walled cells, with some sparingly distributed short, quadrangular to round, papillate idioblasts, each idioblast cell lumen with 5-8 papillae, without stomata, lower surfaces comprised of elongate, sinuate-walled cells and of elongate, straight-walled, papillate idioblasts, each idioblast cell lumen with 8-45 papillae in 1-3 rows, stomata on 1-6 rows along midribs.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Median leaves</emphasis>
on main stem after leaves fully heteromorphic, distant, ascending, broadly ovate, ovate-elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, 2.0-4.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.3-2.0 mm; bases glabrous, subcordate with a prominent, round outer lobe, without auricles; inner margins on upper surfaces bordered continuously by a narrowly hyaline band of idioblasts along distal
<normalizedToken originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
, the band 1-4 cells wide, the idioblasts similar to those in the hyaline marginal bands of lateral leaves acroscopic margins on lower surfaces of lateral leaves, the outer margins on upper surfaces obscurely greenish and comprising elongate, straight-walled, glabrous cells along proximal ⅓-
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
, on proximal ⅓-
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
submargins and distal
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
-⅔ margins bordered continuously by a hyaline band of idioblasts, the idioblasts similar to those in the hyaline marginal bands of lateral leaves acroscopic margins on lower surfaces but the band 2-7 cells wide and with one or two rows of papillae on cell lumen, entire along proximal ⅓ and shortly ciliate along distal ⅔; apices acuminate to short-aristate, each acumen or arista 0.1-0.3 long, tipped by 1-3 teeth; upper surfaces comprising quadrangular, rectangular to roundish, sinuate-walled cells and many, evenly distributed papillate idioblasts, each idioblasts with 5-12 papillae, stomata in 1-4 rows on distal ⅔-
<normalizedToken originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
along the midribs and marginal to submarginal along proximal ⅓ of outer margins, lower surfaces comprising elongate, straight-walled cells, without idioblasts, except for idioblasts present along proximal submarginal portion of outer margins where the idioblast are similar to those on distal
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
-⅔ of outer margin on upper surfaces, without stomata.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Axillary leaves</emphasis>
on main stem after leaves fully heteromorphic similar in shape to lateral leaves or narrowly ovate, 3.5-4.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-2.4 mm; bases similar to those of lateral leaves; margins on upper and lower surfaces as those in margins of lateral leaves; apices as those of lateral leaves; both surfaces similar to those of lateral leaves.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Strobili</emphasis>
terminal on branch tips, quadrangular, 0.4-1.0 cm long.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Sporophylls</emphasis>
monomorphic, without a laminar flap, each with a slightly developed keel along midribs, the keel glabrous or with few, short, tooth-like projections distally, ovate-lanceolate, 1.4-2.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.5-1.0 mm; bases rounded; margins narrowly hyaline, 1 or 2 cells wide with the cells elongate, slightly sinuate-walled and glabrous, parallel to margins, shortly ciliate along proximal
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
, denticulate on distal
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
or denticulate throughout; apices long-attenuate to long-acuminate, the acumen 0.1 or 0.2 mm long, tipped by 1 tooth;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">dorsal sporophylls</emphasis>
with upper surfaces green and cells as in median leaves, except for the half that overlaps the ventral sporophylls where the surfaces are greenish hyaline with elongate and slightly sinuate-walled cells, lower surfaces silvery green and comprising elongate, sinuate-walled cells;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">ventral sporophylls</emphasis>
with both surfaces, silvery green to hyaline, comprised of elongate, papillate, sinuate-walled cells.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Megasporangia</emphasis>
few on two proximal ventral rows;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">megaspores</emphasis>
yellow, 100-120
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam., proximal faces rugulate-reticulate with a well-developed equatorial flange, the microstructure perforate and echinate, distal faces reticulate, the reticula closed, the microstructure granulate and perforate.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Microsporangia</emphasis>
on two dorsal rows and along most of two ventral rows;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">microspores</emphasis>
light orange, 25-30
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam., proximal faces rugulate, the microstructure echinate and perforate, distal faces capitate, with each caput microechinate, the rest of the microstructure echinate and perforate.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.55330.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449486" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Figure 15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2020" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella xanthoneura" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xanthoneura">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella xanthoneura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Valdespino.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">A</emphasis>
Lateral leaf from stem, upper surface.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">B</emphasis>
proximal half of lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf shown in
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">A</emphasis>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">C</emphasis>
distal half of lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf shown in
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">A</emphasis>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">D</emphasis>
lateral leaf, lower surface
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">E</emphasis>
proximal half of lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf shown in
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">D</emphasis>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">F</emphasis>
distal half of lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf shown in
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">D</emphasis>
); note, submarginal, elongate and papillate idioblasts (F1)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">G</emphasis>
median leaf from stem branch, upper surface
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">H</emphasis>
proximal half of lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf shown in
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">G</emphasis>
); note submarginal band of idioblasts (a) and stomata along midrib (b)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">I</emphasis>
distal half of median leaf, upper surface (same leaf shown in
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">G</emphasis>
); note, short elongate and papillate idioblasts (a).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">A-I</emphasis>
taken from the holotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Habitat and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2020" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella xanthoneura" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xanthoneura">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella xanthoneura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows in tropical montane rainforests at 1800-2300 m. It is known from
<normalizedToken originalValue="Serranía">Serrania</normalizedToken>
del
<normalizedToken originalValue="Perijá">Perija</normalizedToken>
, an extension of the eastern Andean branch (Western Cordillera) in the state of Magdalena, and in the isolated mountain range of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, states of
<normalizedToken originalValue="César">Cesar</normalizedToken>
and Magdalena, both in northern Colombia, and is expected to also occur in the neighboring state of Zulia, Venezuela. It has been collected in fertile condition from February to June.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
The specific epithet derives from the Gr. &quot;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">xanthos</emphasis>
,&quot; yellow, and &quot;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">neuron</emphasis>
,&quot; nerve, referring to the conspicuous yellow, leaf midribs on upper surfaces.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2020" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella xanthoneura" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xanthoneura">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella xanthoneura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from only six collections made in two adjacent Colombian Departments, growing at high elevations, probably in and around protected areas, which however are imperiled by human encroachments and natural adversities such as landslides. It might eventually prove to be present in adjacent areas in Venezuela, but there is no current documentation to support this. It might well be that this species is relatively well protected, but the limited number of documented occurrences and distribution, as well as possible threats enumerated above indicate that it should be considered Vulnerable (VU) based on
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="W. Engelmann, Leipzig" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" refId="B5" refString="IUCN, 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3.1. Second edition. Prepared by the IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, United Kingdom." title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3.1. Second edition. Prepared by the IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, United Kingdom." year="2012">IUCN (2012)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.55330.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449487" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Figure 16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2020" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella xanthoneura" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xanthoneura">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella xanthoneura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Valdespino.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">A</emphasis>
median leaf from stem, lower surface
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">B</emphasis>
proximal, inner half section of median leaf, lower surface (same leaf shown in
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">A</emphasis>
); note elongate and papillate idioblasts (a)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">C</emphasis>
detail of papillae on idioblasts present on inner half section of median leaf, lower surface (same leaf shown in
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">A</emphasis>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">D</emphasis>
axillary leaf from stem branch, upper surface
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">E</emphasis>
proximal half of axillary leaf, upper surface (same leaf shown in
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">D</emphasis>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">F</emphasis>
distal half of axillary leaf, upper surface (same leaf shown in
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">D</emphasis>
).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">A-F</emphasis>
taken from the holotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Additional specimens examined (paratypes).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
Colombia.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<normalizedToken originalValue="César">Cesar</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: Santa Marta, between Playoncito and Cuchilla Monogaca N, Pueblo Bello, 1900 m, 4 Feb 1967,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mägdefrau">Maegdefrau</normalizedToken>
1247
</emphasis>
(UC); Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Playoncito an Clisndivana? [illegible], 1800 m, Jun 1928,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Schultze 1518</emphasis>
(B, BM, PMA); Mpio. Manaure,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Serranía">Serrania</normalizedToken>
del
<normalizedToken originalValue="Perijá">Perija</normalizedToken>
El Cinco, Finca Vistahermosa, SE de la carretera,
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.433333">10°26'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-72.95">72°57'W</geoCoordinate>
, 2200 m, 13 Nov 1993,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Rangel et al. 11420</emphasis>
(COL-image), 2235 m, 14 Nov 1993,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Pardo et al. 304</emphasis>
(COL-image).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Magdalena</emphasis>
: Sierra Neva de Santa Marta, entre San Pedro y cabeceras del
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Sevilla, slopes of La Cebolleta and Yerba Buena, ca. 2300 m and lower, 1 Feb 1959,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Barclay &amp; Juajibioy 6808</emphasis>
(MO-2 sheets).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.55330.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449488" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" start="Figure 17" startId="F17">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Figure 17.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2020" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella xanthoneura" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xanthoneura">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella xanthoneura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Valdespino.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">A</emphasis>
Megaspore, proximal face
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">B</emphasis>
detail of megaspore, proximal face
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">C</emphasis>
megaspore, distal face
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">D</emphasis>
detail of megaspore, distal face.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">A-D</emphasis>
taken from the holotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2020" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella xanthoneura" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xanthoneura">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella xanthoneura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterized by its fern-like habit, erect stems, each 28-60 cm tall, leaves on main stems shortly (ca. 3 cm) before first branches seemingly monomorphic and strongly appressed, the leaves after becoming fully heteromorphic with shiny, greenish yellow (i.e., citrine) upper surfaces when dry and yellowish to stramineous midribs. It is further distinguished by its median leaf bases subcordate with a prominent, round outer lobe, outer margins along proximal, submarginal ⅓-
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
and distal, marginal
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
-⅔ continuously bordered by a hyaline band of idioblasts, and acuminate to short-aristate apices, the upper surfaces of median leaves and the lower surfaces of lateral leaves with papillate idioblasts, and relatively short strobili, each 0.4-1.0 cm long, and with few megasporangia restricted to proximal portion of two rows of strobili ventral sporophylls.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
Interestingly, one examined duplicate specimens of
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. xanthoneura" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="xanthoneura">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. xanthoneura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Schultze 1518</emphasis>
, B) has vegetative growth from strobili tips. This is a feature that has been amply documented in other morphologically related members of the &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella flabellata" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flabellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella flabellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group,&quot; as well as on unrelated taxa from different regions of the world (Hieronymus 1901;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800016616" author="Williams, S" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 24" refId="B22" refString="Williams, S, 1931. An analysis of the vegetative organs of Selaginella grandis Moore, together with some observations on abnormalities and experimental results. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 57 (1): 1 - 24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800016616" title="An analysis of the vegetative organs of Selaginella grandis Moore, together with some observations on abnormalities and experimental results." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800016616" volume="57" year="1931">Williams 1931</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02604-5_11" author="Jermy, AC" editor="Kramer, KU" journalOrPublisher="Vol. I. In: Kubitzki K (Ed.) The families and genera of vascular plants. Springer, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="39 - 45" refId="B6" refString="Jermy, AC, 1990. Selaginellaceae. In: Kramer, KU, Green, PS, Eds., Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Vol. I. In: Kubitzki K (Ed.) The families and genera of vascular plants. Springer, Berlin: 39 - 45, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02604-5_11" title="Selaginellaceae." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02604-5_11" volumeTitle="Pteridophytes and gymnosperms." year="1990">Jermy 1990</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Flora of North America Editorial Committee" journalOrPublisher="Vol. 2. Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Oxford University Press, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="38 - 63" refId="B11" refString="Flora of North America Editorial Committee, 1993a. Selaginellaceae. In: Flora of North America North of Mexico. Vol. 2. Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Oxford University Press, New York: 38 - 63" title="Selaginellaceae." volumeTitle="Flora of North America North of Mexico." year="1993 a">Valdespino 1993a</bibRefCitation>
, 1993b;
<bibRefCitation author="Valdespino, IA" journalOrPublisher="PhD Thesis, The City University of New York, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" refId="B13" refString="Valdespino, IA, 1995. A monographic revision of SelaginellaP. Beauv.subgenusHeterostachys Baker in Central and South America. PhD Thesis, The City University of New York, New York" title="A monographic revision of SelaginellaP. Beauv. subgenusHeterostachys Baker in Central and South America." year="1995">Valdespino 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.164.3.5" author="Zhang, LB" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="195 - 199" refId="B23" refString="Zhang, LB, Sun, QW, He, H, 2014. Selaginella wangpeishanii (Selaginellaceae), a new lycophyte from a limestone cave in Guizhou, China. Phytotaxa 164 (3): 195 - 199, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.164.3.5" title="Selaginella wangpeishanii (Selaginellaceae), a new lycophyte from a limestone cave in Guizhou, China." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.164.3.5" volume="164" year="2014">Zhang et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.50.4873" author="Valdespino, IA" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="61 - 99" refId="B19" refString="Valdespino, IA, Heringer, G, Salino, A, Goes-Neto, LAA, Ceballos, J, 2015. Seven new species of Selaginella subg. Stachygynandrum from Brazil and new synonyms for the genus. PhytoKeys 50: 61 - 99, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.50.4873" title="Seven new species of Selaginella subg. Stachygynandrum from Brazil and new synonyms for the genus." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.50.4873" volume="50" year="2015">Valdespino et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
) and for which specific patterns were described (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.50.4873" author="Valdespino, IA" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="61 - 99" refId="B19" refString="Valdespino, IA, Heringer, G, Salino, A, Goes-Neto, LAA, Ceballos, J, 2015. Seven new species of Selaginella subg. Stachygynandrum from Brazil and new synonyms for the genus. PhytoKeys 50: 61 - 99, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.50.4873" title="Seven new species of Selaginella subg. Stachygynandrum from Brazil and new synonyms for the genus." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.50.4873" volume="50" year="2015">Valdespino et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
). This same collection (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Schultze 1518</emphasis>
) at B and BM was originally determined by Alston as
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. hartii" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="hartii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. hartii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which certainly is somewhat similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. xanthoneura" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="xanthoneura">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. xanthoneura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of their overall fern-like habit with erect stems and leaves fully dimorphic shortly before first stem branches.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2020" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella xanthoneura" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xanthoneura">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella xanthoneura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily set aside from the latter species by characters listed in the diagnosis. In addition,
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. xanthoneura" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="xanthoneura">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. xanthoneura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, at present, is only known to occur in Colombia, whereas
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. hartii" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="hartii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. hartii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from Trinidad and Tobago and the Peninsula of Paria in Sucre state, Venezuela. Furthermore,
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. xanthoneura" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="xanthoneura">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. xanthoneura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a more robust plant habit with stems 2 or 3- (vs. 1 or 2 or occasionally 3-) branched.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2020" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella xanthoneura" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xanthoneura">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella xanthoneura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as well as other members of the &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella flabellata" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flabellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella flabellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group,&quot; such as
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. cheiromorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="cheiromorpha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. cheiromorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Alston,
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. hartwegiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="hartwegiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. hartwegiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Spring, and
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. mosorongensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="mosorongensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. mosorongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hieron. all have similar median and lateral leaf shapes. Nevertheless,
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. xanthoneura" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="xanthoneura">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. xanthoneura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from all those species by its median leaf outer bases lacking a distinct auricle and having conspicuously yellow to yellowish lateral and median leaf midribs.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2020" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella xanthoneura" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xanthoneura">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella xanthoneura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is further set aside from
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. mosorongensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="mosorongensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. mosorongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its entire (vs ciliate) median leaf outer bases.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.55330.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449489" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" start="Figure 18" startId="F18">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Figure 18.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2020" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella xanthoneura" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xanthoneura">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella xanthoneura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Valdespino.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">A</emphasis>
Microspore, proximal face
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">B</emphasis>
detail of microspore, proximal face
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">C</emphasis>
microspore, distal face
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">D</emphasis>
detail of microspore, distal face
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">E</emphasis>
microspore, distal face, equatorial view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">F</emphasis>
detail of capitate projections with echinate microstructure surfaces.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">A-F</emphasis>
taken from the holotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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