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<document id="2C96FEDF5A4313A8DB0F5A01F0E8C82B" ID-DOI="10.1111/zoj.12211" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5334710" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630175978717" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Burbrink, Frank T. &amp; Guiher, Timothy J." docDate="2015" docId="590E405CFFEB2F7CFCC7A615FE32B03E" docLanguage="en" docName="zoj12211.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12211" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37.3:ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Agkistrodon piscivorus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="522" masterDocId="A5373824FFFB2F6DFF9BA101FFF7B750" masterDocTitle="Considering gene flow when using coalescent methods to delimit lineages of North American pitvipers of the genus Agkistrodon" masterLastPageNumber="526" masterPageNumber="505" pageNumber="521" updateTime="1699175452365" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="48E00938F7E129799A42D4225F8B6B0B">Considering gene flow when using coalescent methods to delimit lineages of North American pitvipers of the genus Agkistrodon</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1569F6594034D7A7CEB16E1697817D76">Burbrink, Frank T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4C078464C899817A40EC90ADF430B795">Guiher, Timothy J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="67370B0F4928AE40CAED400D9F7E833C">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3D069BC348F6645A7F0DC876C960BD58">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F55E07530381495164F4708A5B38FA0B">2014-12-09</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AE00C466C6D7C50CA6D2F72E01AC0DAB">173</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="EB785FE086D57A89E58877A19B53C36E" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="590E405CFFEB2F7CFCC7A615FE32B03E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:590E405CFFEB2F7CFCC7A615FE32B03E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/590E405CFFEB2F7CFCC7A615FE32B03E" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="522" pageId="16" pageNumber="521">
<subSubSection id="99BDA2C1FFEB2F7DFCC7A615FBDDB01F" pageId="16" pageNumber="521" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D118F14AFFEB2F7DFCC7A615FAAFB07A" blockId="16.[860,1368,1812,1834]" box="[860,1368,1812,1834]" pageId="16" pageNumber="521">
<heading id="8A504626FFEB2F7DFCC7A615FAAFB07A" box="[860,1368,1812,1834]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="521" reason="8">
<taxonomicName id="16A78AC9FFEB2F7DFCC7A615FB7FB077" baseAuthorityName="Lacepede" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[860,1160,1812,1833]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Agkistrodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="piscivorus">
<emphasis id="E3D32D58FFEB2F7DFCC7A615FB7FB077" box="[860,1160,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="521">AGKISTRODON PISCIVORUS</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B5368CBBFFEB2F7DFB03A615FAA7B07A" author="Lacepede BGE" box="[1176,1360,1812,1834]" pageId="16" pageNumber="521" refId="ref15395" refString="Lacepede BGE d l v. 1789. Histoire naturelle des quadrpedes ovipares et des serpens. Hotel de Thou: Par." type="book" year="1789">LACEPÈDE 1789</bibRefCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D118F14AFFEB2F7DFCBDA63BFBDDB01F" blockId="16.[806,1066,1850,1903]" box="[806,1066,1850,1871]" pageId="16" pageNumber="521">
<emphasis id="E3D32D58FFEB2F7DFCBDA63BFBDDB01F" box="[806,1066,1850,1871]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="521">Northern Cottonmouth</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="99BDA2C1FFEB2F7CFCBDA658FE32B03E" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="522" pageId="16" pageNumber="521" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D118F14AFFEB2F7DFCBDA658FBE6B03F" blockId="16.[806,1066,1850,1903]" box="[806,1041,1881,1903]" pageId="16" pageNumber="521">
<emphasis id="E3D32D58FFEB2F7DFCBDA658FC67B03E" box="[806,912,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="521">
<typeStatus id="0E1C4FE8FFEB2F7DFCBDA658FC7DB03E" box="[806,906,1881,1902]" pageId="16" pageNumber="521" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D118F14AFFEA2F7CFF3FA1C7FDB7B7AA" blockId="17.[164,779,198,250]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">
<emphasis id="E3D32D58FFEA2F7CFF3FA1C7FECFB78B" box="[164,312,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Type locality:</emphasis>
‘Carolina’ (
<bibRefCitation id="B5368CBBFFEA2F7CFE21A1C7FD9BB78C" author="Lacepede BGE" box="[442,620,198,220]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" refId="ref15395" refString="Lacepede BGE d l v. 1789. Histoire naturelle des quadrpedes ovipares et des serpens. Hotel de Thou: Par." type="book" year="1789">Lacépède, 1789</bibRefCitation>
), restricted to Charleston, SC, by
<bibRefCitation id="B5368CBBFFEA2F7CFE12A1E5FDCBB7AA" author="Schmidt KP" box="[393,572,228,250]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" refId="ref16404" refString="Schmidt KP. 1953. A check list of North American amphibians and reptiles. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press." type="book" year="1953">Schmidt (1953)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D118F14AFFEA2F7CFF3FA02DFE18B62F" blockId="17.[164,778,300,383]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">
<emphasis id="E3D32D58FFEA2F7CFF3FA02DFED3B611" box="[164,292,300,321]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Etymology:</emphasis>
Specific epithet refers to dietary habit, derived from Latin
<emphasis id="E3D32D58FFEA2F7CFEE1A04AFE4EB630" box="[378,441,331,352]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">pisces</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="E3D32D58FFEA2F7CFE6BA04AFDC3B630" box="[496,564,331,352]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">vorare</emphasis>
, translated as ‘fish’ and ‘to devour’, respectively.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D118F14AFFEA2F7CFF3FA0B0FDF8B554" blockId="17.[164,779,432,516]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">
<emphasis id="E3D32D58FFEA2F7CFF3FA0B0FED7B696" box="[164,288,433,454]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Synonymy:</emphasis>
This species comprises the previously recognized subspecies
<emphasis id="E3D32D58FFEA2F7CFEECA0CEFE5EB6B5" box="[375,425,463,485]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">A. p.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="16A78AC9FFEA2F7CFE2BA0D1FD2DB6B5" authority="(Lacepede, 1789)" baseAuthorityName="Lacepede" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[432,730,463,485]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Agkistrodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="piscivorus">
<emphasis id="E3D32D58FFEA2F7CFE2BA0D1FDEAB6B5" box="[432,541,464,485]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">piscivorus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B5368CBBFFEA2F7CFDB1A0CEFD24B6B5" author="Lacepede BGE" box="[554,723,463,485]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" refId="ref15395" refString="Lacepede BGE d l v. 1789. Histoire naturelle des quadrpedes ovipares et des serpens. Hotel de Thou: Par." type="book" year="1789">Lacépède, 1789</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="E3D32D58FFEA2F7CFF3FA0EFFEA8B553" box="[164,351,494,515]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">A. p. leucostoma</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B5368CBBFFEA2F7CFEEBA0EFFDF4B554" author="Troost G" box="[368,515,494,516]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" pagination="174 - 190" refId="ref16582" refString="Troost G. 1836. On a new genus of serpents, and two new species of the genus Heterodon, inhabiting Tennessee. Annals of Lyceum of Natural History of New York 3: 174 - 190." type="journal article" year="1836">Troost, 1836</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D118F14AFFEA2F7CFF3FA337FE32B03E" blockId="17.[164,779,565,1902]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">
<emphasis id="E3D32D58FFEA2F7CFF3FA337FEECB51B" box="[164,283,566,587]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Combining characteristics for the subspecies
<taxonomicName id="16A78AC9FFEA2F7CFF4EA355FDBCB539" authority="piscivorus" box="[213,587,596,617]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Agkistrodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="piscivorus" subSpecies="piscivorus">
<emphasis id="E3D32D58FFEA2F7CFF4EA355FDBCB539" box="[213,587,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="16A78AC9FFEA2F7CFD1FA355FE5BB5D7" baseAuthorityName="Troost" baseAuthorityYear="1836" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Agkistrodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="piscivorus" subSpecies="leucostoma">
<emphasis id="E3D32D58FFEA2F7CFD1FA355FE5BB5D7" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we provide a diagnosis for
<taxonomicName id="16A78AC9FFEA2F7CFF3FA390FEDAB5F6" baseAuthorityName="Lacepede" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[164,301,657,678]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Agkistrodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="piscivorus">
<emphasis id="E3D32D58FFEA2F7CFF3FA390FEDAB5F6" box="[164,301,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">A. piscivorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The Northern Cottonmouth (
<taxonomicName id="16A78AC9FFEA2F7CFDE2A390FCF5B5F6" baseAuthorityName="Lacepede" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[633,770,657,678]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Agkistrodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="piscivorus">
<emphasis id="E3D32D58FFEA2F7CFDE2A390FCF5B5F6" box="[633,770,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">A. piscivorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is a medium- to large-bodied semi-aquatic pit viper with an average adult size of
<quantity id="165F5CAFFFEA2F7CFE53A3CFFDB6B5B3" box="[456,577,718,740]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="11.4" metricValueMin="7.6" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" unit="cm" value="95.0" valueMax="114.0" valueMin="76.0">76–114 cm</quantity>
and a maximum size of
<quantity id="165F5CAFFFEA2F7CFF75A3ECFECCB452" box="[238,315,749,770]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.88" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" unit="cm" value="188.0">188 cm</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B5368CBBFFEA2F7CFED2A3ECFDC9B452" author="Gloyd HK &amp; Conant R" box="[329,574,749,771]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" refId="ref14973" refString="Gloyd HK, Conant R. 1990. Snakes of the Agkistrodon complex: a monographic review. St Louis, MO: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles." type="book" year="1990">Gloyd &amp; Conant, 1990</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="B5368CBBFFEA2F7CFDD3A3ECFF2AB471" author="Conant R &amp; Collins JT" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" refId="ref14321" refString="Conant R, Collins JT. 1991. A field guide to reptiles and amphibians?: eastern and central North America. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin." type="book" year="1991">Conant &amp; Collins, 1991</bibRefCitation>
), with a ratio of tail to total length of
<quantity id="165F5CAFFFEA2F7CFD06A20AFF4DB410" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" metricValueMax="4.826" metricValueMin="3.302" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" unit="in" value="0.16" valueMax="0.19" valueMin="0.13">0.13–0.19 in</quantity>
males and
<quantity id="165F5CAFFFEA2F7CFEA3A22BFE4BB410" box="[312,444,810,832]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" metricValueMax="4.572" metricValueMin="3.048" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" unit="in" value="0.15" valueMax="0.18" valueMin="0.12">0.12–0.18 in</quantity>
females. They possess a single anal plate, keeled dorsal scales and typically 25 midbody scale rows (range 23–27;
<bibRefCitation id="B5368CBBFFEA2F7CFE7FA266FD09B42D" author="Gloyd HK &amp; Conant R" box="[484,766,871,893]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" refId="ref14973" refString="Gloyd HK, Conant R. 1990. Snakes of the Agkistrodon complex: a monographic review. St Louis, MO: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles." type="book" year="1990">Gloyd &amp; Conant, 1990</bibRefCitation>
). Subcaudals range from
<quantity id="165F5CAFFFEA2F7CFE24A287FDB2B4CB" box="[447,581,901,923]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1557" metricValueMax="1.3462" metricValueMin="0.9652" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" unit="in" value="45.5" valueMax="53.0" valueMin="38.0">38 to 53 in</quantity>
males and from
<quantity id="165F5CAFFFEA2F7CFF3FA2A5FEDFB4EA" box="[164,296,932,954]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2065" metricValueMax="1.3462" metricValueMin="1.0668" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" unit="in" value="47.5" valueMax="53.0" valueMin="42.0">42 to 53 in</quantity>
females, whereas ventral scales number 128–142 with no variation between sexes (
<bibRefCitation id="B5368CBBFFEA2F7CFD3CA2C2FECDB4A7" author="Gloyd HK &amp; Conant R" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" refId="ref14973" refString="Gloyd HK, Conant R. 1990. Snakes of the Agkistrodon complex: a monographic review. St Louis, MO: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles." type="book" year="1990">Gloyd &amp; Conant, 1990</bibRefCitation>
). Supralabials and infralabials range from 6 to 10 (mode 8) and 8 to 12 (mode 11), respectively and total postoculars + suboculars range from 1 to 4 (mode 3;
<bibRefCitation id="B5368CBBFFEA2F7CFE96A53CFDF8B303" author="Gloyd HK &amp; Conant R" box="[269,527,1085,1107]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" refId="ref14973" refString="Gloyd HK, Conant R. 1990. Snakes of the Agkistrodon complex: a monographic review. St Louis, MO: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles." type="book" year="1990">Gloyd &amp; Conant, 1990</bibRefCitation>
). A combination of geography and colour pattern distinguishes the Northern Cottonmouth from the Florida Cottonmouth. There are 10–17 dark cross-bands on an olive, brown or black background, whereas
<taxonomicName id="16A78AC9FFEA2F7CFE04A5B9FDE5B39D" authorityName="Burbrink &amp; Conanti" authorityYear="2015" box="[415,530,1208,1229]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Agkistrodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="conanti">
<emphasis id="E3D32D58FFEA2F7CFE04A5B9FDE5B39D" box="[415,530,1208,1229]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">A. conanti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
features 11–16 crossbands. Crossbands in
<taxonomicName id="16A78AC9FFEA2F7CFE39A5D7FDC4B3BC" baseAuthorityName="Lacepede" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[418,563,1238,1260]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Agkistrodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="piscivorus">
<emphasis id="E3D32D58FFEA2F7CFE39A5D7FDC4B3BC" box="[418,563,1238,1260]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">A. piscivorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are often indistinguishable from the ground colour in adults, yet may be prominent or subdued in adult
<taxonomicName id="16A78AC9FFEA2F7CFDBFA415FD63B279" authorityName="Burbrink &amp; Conanti" authorityYear="2015" box="[548,660,1300,1321]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Agkistrodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="conanti">
<emphasis id="E3D32D58FFEA2F7CFDBFA415FD63B279" box="[548,660,1300,1321]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">A. conanti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The head is typically black or brown, lacking vertical rostral stripes; a dark cheek stripe is present in juveniles but may be subdued or indistinguishable from the ground colour in adults yet often present in adult
<taxonomicName id="16A78AC9FFEA2F7CFD0CA48FFCFDB2F3" authorityName="Burbrink &amp; Conanti" authorityYear="2015" box="[663,778,1422,1443]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Agkistrodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="conanti">
<emphasis id="E3D32D58FFEA2F7CFD0CA48FFCFDB2F3" box="[663,778,1422,1443]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">A. conanti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B5368CBBFFEA2F7CFF30A4ADFE59B291" author="Gloyd HK &amp; Conant R" box="[171,430,1452,1474]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" refId="ref14973" refString="Gloyd HK, Conant R. 1990. Snakes of the Agkistrodon complex: a monographic review. St Louis, MO: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles." type="book" year="1990">Gloyd &amp; Conant, 1990</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="B5368CBBFFEA2F7CFE20A4ADFD3CB292" author="Conant R &amp; Collins JT" box="[443,715,1452,1474]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" refId="ref14321" refString="Conant R, Collins JT. 1991. A field guide to reptiles and amphibians?: eastern and central North America. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin." type="book" year="1991">Conant &amp; Collins, 1991</bibRefCitation>
). The Northern Cottonmouth occupies lower elevations throughout the south-eastern
<collectingCountry id="A9B0B1DAFFEA2F7CFE63A4EBFDDAB2AF" box="[504,557,1514,1535]" name="United States of America" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">USA</collectingCountry>
from south-eastern
<collectingRegion id="13633FA8FFEA2F7CFF3FA709FEF6B14E" box="[164,257,1544,1566]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Virginia</collectingRegion>
to central
<collectingRegion id="13633FA8FFEA2F7CFE13A709FE13B14E" box="[392,484,1544,1566]" country="United States of America" name="Georgia" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Georgia</collectingRegion>
, east of the Appalachian Mountains, north to southern
<collectingRegion id="13633FA8FFEA2F7CFD80A726FD99B16D" box="[539,622,1575,1597]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Illinois</collectingRegion>
and eastern
<collectingRegion id="13633FA8FFEA2F7CFF3FA747FF0DB10B" box="[164,250,1606,1627]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Kansas</collectingRegion>
, south into central
<collectingRegion id="13633FA8FFEA2F7CFE43A747FDEFB10B" box="[472,536,1606,1627]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Texas</collectingRegion>
in the west, whereas the
<collectingRegion id="13633FA8FFEA2F7CFF54A765FEE8B12A" box="[207,287,1636,1658]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Florida</collectingRegion>
cottonmouth (
<taxonomicName id="16A78AC9FFEA2F7CFE25A765FDDCB129" authorityName="Burbrink &amp; Conanti" authorityYear="2015" box="[446,555,1636,1657]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Agkistrodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="conanti">
<emphasis id="E3D32D58FFEA2F7CFE25A765FDDCB129" box="[446,555,1636,1657]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">A. conanti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) ranges from southern
<collectingRegion id="13633FA8FFEA2F7CFF48A783FED1B1C8" box="[211,294,1666,1688]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Florida</collectingRegion>
to approximately Savannah
<collectingRegion id="13633FA8FFEA2F7CFDECA783FD24B1C8" box="[631,723,1666,1688]" country="United States of America" name="Georgia" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Georgia</collectingRegion>
, and west to south-eastern
<collectingRegion id="13633FA8FFEA2F7CFE30A7A0FDE6B1E7" box="[427,529,1697,1719]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Alabama</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="499CEDCFFFEA2F7CFDBFA7A0FD8EB1E7" box="[548,633,1697,1719]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="15.[164,243,1643,1662]" captionTargetBox="[370,1282,208,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-1@15.[370,1282,208,1613]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 5. The distribution of species within the Agkistrodon contortrix complex (A) and Agkistrodon piscivorus complex (B) inferred by Bayesian species delimitation. Putative hybrids zones are identified with cross-hatches. Distributions are adapted from Gloyd &amp; Conant (1990) and the results from ecological niche modelling." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5334722" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5334722/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
). Hybridization with the
<collectingRegion id="13633FA8FFEA2F7CFED9A7C1FE62B186" box="[322,405,1728,1750]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Florida</collectingRegion>
Cottonmouth occurs in the mid- Atlantic coastal plains in southern
<collectingRegion id="13633FA8FFEA2F7CFDA6A7DFFD1BB1A4" box="[573,748,1758,1780]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
to the southern coastal plains in south-eastern
<collectingRegion id="13633FA8FFEA2F7CFD27A7FCFF39B061" country="United States of America" name="Louisiana" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Louisiana</collectingRegion>
and diagnosis may be difficult for some individuals in this area without additional morphological and molecular data (
<figureCitation id="499CEDCFFFEA2F7CFEF8A659FE4FB03E" box="[355,440,1880,1902]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="15.[164,243,1643,1662]" captionTargetBox="[370,1282,208,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-1@15.[370,1282,208,1613]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 5. The distribution of species within the Agkistrodon contortrix complex (A) and Agkistrodon piscivorus complex (B) inferred by Bayesian species delimitation. Putative hybrids zones are identified with cross-hatches. Distributions are adapted from Gloyd &amp; Conant (1990) and the results from ecological niche modelling." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5334722" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5334722/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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