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135 lines
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380" ID-PMC="PMC6033956" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-102-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" ID-PubMed="30002597" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1306325" ModsDocID="1314-2003-102-1" checkinTime="1530324112772" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="DeFilipps, Robert A. & Krupnick, Gary A." docDate="2018" docId="BF04CEBB583E555691FC006D182357BC" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 102: 1-341" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 102" docPubDate="2018-06-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380" docTitle="Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (= Z. vulgaris Lam.)" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" lastPageNumber="147" masterDocId="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" masterDocTitle="The medicinal plants of Myanmar" masterLastPageNumber="341" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="146" updateTime="1668138950833" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The medicinal plants of Myanmar</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>DeFilipps, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Deceased</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Krupnick, Gary A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1357-4826</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC- 166, Washington, DC, 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">krupnick@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-06-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>102</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>341</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-102-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1306325</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182396217" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BF04CEBB583E555691FC006D182357BC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BF04CEBB583E555691FC006D182357BC" lastPageId="146" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
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<subSubSection pageId="145" pageNumber="146" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
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<taxonomicName LSID="BF04CEBB-583E-5556-91FC-006D182357BC" authority="Mill. (= Z. vulgaris Lam.)" authorityName="Mill. (= Z. vulgaris Lam.)" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ziziphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ziziphus jujuba" order="Rosales" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jujuba">Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (= Z. vulgaris Lam.)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="145" pageNumber="146" type="names">
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<paragraph pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Names.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Myanmar</emphasis>
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:
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">eng-si</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">jujube</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">mahkaw</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">makhkaw-hku</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">zi</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">zi-daw-thi</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">English</emphasis>
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: Chinese date, Chinese jujube, common jujube.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="145" pageNumber="146" type="range">
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<paragraph pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Range.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Native to temperate East Asia, also warmer climates including Indo-China (Cambodia). Cultivated in Myanmar.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="145" pageNumber="146" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
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Least Concern [LC] (
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<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="African Journal of Traditional, Complementary, and Alternative Medicines" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/" refId="B117" refString="IUCN, 2017. IUCN Red List of threatened species. IUCN, Gland. http://www.iucnredlist.org/" title="IUCN Red List of threatened species. IUCN, Gland." url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/" year="2017">IUCN 2017</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="146" pageNumber="147" type="uses">
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<paragraph pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="146" pageNumber="147" start="start">Uses</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Bark</emphasis>
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: Used as a remedy for diarrhea.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Leaf</emphasis>
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: Used for scorpion stings.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Leaf</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Fruit</emphasis>
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: Used as a laxative and blood purifier.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Fruit</emphasis>
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: Considered to be pectoral.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Root</emphasis>
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: Used for fever.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="146" pageNumber="147" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
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<bibRefCitation author="Perry, LM" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B90" refString="Perry, LM, 1980. Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." title="Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." year="1980">Perry (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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discusses the medicinal uses of the species in two Asian countries as follows; In Korea the stone seeds are used for hypnotics and narcotics. In China the fruits or kernel of the seeds are considered the most important part of the plant in medicine, although other parts are used as well; the fruit of the wild variety (var.
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ziziphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa" order="Rosales" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="jujuba" variety="spinosa">Ziziphus jujuba spinosa</taxonomicName>
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) is an astringent, that of the cultivar (var.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Rehd" authorityYear="1922" baseAuthorityName="Bunge" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ziziphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ziziphus jujuba var. inermis" order="Rosales" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="jujuba" variety="inermis">Ziziphus jujuba inermis</taxonomicName>
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) less so, but both serve the same purpose; the drug also acts as adjuvant with other drugs which are combined in medicines. The fruit is used in brewing medicines to make them less poisonous, also to modify flavor and lessen the effect of stimulants. It is also said to have nervine, tonic, roborant, stomachic, sedative, laxative, bechic, antipyretic, and diuretic properties; it relieves insomnia, night sweats, and neurasthenia, promotes hair growth, and serves as a collyrium. A decoction of the woody root is take to relieve sensation of fullness in the stomach and to aid digestion; cooked with pork, the broth is drunk as a galactagogue and used to cure hemoptysis.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
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The seeds of this species contain no alkaloid; the oil contains oleic, linoleic, and palmitic acids, and phytosterol (
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<bibRefCitation author="Perry, LM" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B90" refString="Perry, LM, 1980. Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." title="Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." year="1980">Perry 1980</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="146" pageNumber="147" type="references">
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<paragraph pageId="146" pageNumber="147">References.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
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<bibRefCitation author="Nordal, A" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B85" refString="Nordal, A, 1963. The Medicinal Plants and Crude Drugs of Burma. Hellstrom & Nordahls Boktrykkeri, Oslo." title="The Medicinal Plants and Crude Drugs of Burma. Hellstrom & Nordahls Boktrykkeri, Oslo." year="1963">Nordal (1963)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Perry, LM" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B90" refString="Perry, LM, 1980. Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." title="Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." year="1980">Perry (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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