<documentID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963"ID-GBIF-Dataset="e64e27ad-d280-499e-b19f-0bfe431a4342"ID-Pensoft-Pub="2305-2562-1-273"ID-Pensoft-UUID="C1186AD0DB635089AC786F498F7EBFA7"ModsDocID="2305-2562-1-273"checkinTime="1614373075776"checkinUser="pensoft"docAuthor="Oketch, Dancun A., Kioko, Esther N. & Li, Shuqiang"docDate="2021"docId="5F0B249E4D2A5602BF675BF818A88A14"docLanguage="en"docName="AfrInvert 62(1): 273-286"docOrigin="African Invertebrates 62 (1)"docPubDate="2021-02-26"docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963"docTitle="Toxoniella waruii Oketch & Li 2021, sp. nov."docType="treatment"docUuid="2F7B24BB-4859-40AC-81BD-3376E03C252D"docUuidSource="ZooBank"docVersion="4"id="C1186AD0DB635089AC786F498F7EBFA7"lastPageNumber="273"masterDocId="C1186AD0DB635089AC786F498F7EBFA7"masterDocTitle="Three new species of the genus Toxoniella (Araneae, Liocranidae) from Mount Kenya National Park, Kenya"masterLastPageNumber="286"masterPageNumber="273"pageNumber="273"updateTime="1732479940775"updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:titleid="0B1C332026D276D486640B4ACE204BE2">Three new species of the genus Toxoniella (Araneae, Liocranidae) from Mount Kenya National Park, Kenya</mods:title>
<mods:affiliationid="6141B7921704CCE35B6A94BAAD807265">Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China & National Museums of Kenya, Museum Hill, P. O. Box 40658 - 00100, Nairobi, Kenya & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="4C6337EBAC2F4799CCEF8BC050647951">National Museums of Kenya, Museum Hill, P. O. Box 40658 - 00100, Nairobi, Kenya</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="1DA816415406D54BAF34D00100D858D0">Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China</mods:affiliation>
<taxonomicNameid="37DA38D59A2D8FFF80CAB66D1162D23C"ID-CoL="98Z6L"LSID="http://zoobank.org/2F7B24BB-4859-40AC-81BD-3376E03C252D"authority="Oketch & Li"authorityName="Oketch & Li"authorityYear="2021"class="Arachnida"family="Liocranidae"genus="Toxoniella"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Toxoniella waruii"order="Araneae"pageId="0"pageNumber="273"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="waruii"status="sp. nov.">Toxoniella waruii Oketch & Li</taxonomicName>
<figureCitationid="474FA3F2DE74969F77B16B0007A9E024"captionStart="Figure 4"captionStartId="F4"captionText="Figure 4. T. waruii sp. nov., habitus, male holotype (A, B) and female paratype (C, D) A, C dorsal B, D ventral. Scale bars: 1 mm."figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963.figure4"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/514246"pageId="0"pageNumber="273">Figs 4A-D</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="1E631CEB2A1546C38E18A89360532D9F"captionStart="Figure 6"captionStartId="F6"captionText="Figure 6. Toxoniella waruii sp. nov., left palp, male holotype A prolateral B ventral C retrolateral. Abbreviations: ATE anterior tegular extension, E embolus, MA median apophysis, PTE posterior tegular extension, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bar: 0.25 mm."figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963.figure6"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/514248"pageId="0"pageNumber="273">, 6A-C</figureCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="89CF187D38EFA4ABD9477E81F2AA748A"authorityName="Oketch & Li"authorityYear="2021"class="Arachnida"family="Liocranidae"genus="Toxoniella"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Toxoniella waruii"order="Araneae"pageId="0"pageNumber="273"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="waruii">
by an apically pointed, posterior tegular extension well-separated from the anterior tegular extension and a bent embolus with a membranous sclerite and from
<figureCitationid="25EC208998A7694240AB1771A743F77A"captionStart="Figure 6"captionStartId="F6"captionText="Figure 6. Toxoniella waruii sp. nov., left palp, male holotype A prolateral B ventral C retrolateral. Abbreviations: ATE anterior tegular extension, E embolus, MA median apophysis, PTE posterior tegular extension, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bar: 0.25 mm."figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963.figure6"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/514248"pageId="0"pageNumber="273">6A-C</figureCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="3BAE7654946E0B1FE638ABC99F27FACE"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1636/0161-8202(2002)030[0307:TFGAFE]2.0.CO;2"author="Warui, C"journalOrPublisher="Harley Books, Colchester"pageId="0"pageNumber="273"refId="B8"refString="Warui, C, Jocque, R, 2002. The first Gallieniellidae (Araneae) from Eastern Africa. The Journal of Arachnology 30(2): 307-315. https://doi.org/10.1636/0161-8202(2002)030[0307:TFGAFE]2.0.CO;2"title="The first Gallieniellidae (Araneae) from Eastern Africa. The Journal of Arachnology 30 (2): 307 - 315."url="https://doi.org/10.1636/0161-8202(2002)030[0307:TFGAFE]2.0.CO;2"year="2002">
by the fairly elongate epigyne with a wide groove but can be distinguished by a postero-laterally directed pair of anterior spermathecae, cul de sacs do not reach the anterior epigynal margin, and
<bibRefCitationid="C11551C42A98DA7DE57DC85B2E7531D6"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1636/0161-8202(2002)030[0307:TFGAFE]2.0.CO;2"author="Warui, C"journalOrPublisher="Harley Books, Colchester"pageId="0"pageNumber="273"refId="B8"refString="Warui, C, Jocque, R, 2002. The first Gallieniellidae (Araneae) from Eastern Africa. The Journal of Arachnology 30(2): 307-315. https://doi.org/10.1636/0161-8202(2002)030[0307:TFGAFE]2.0.CO;2"title="The first Gallieniellidae (Araneae) from Eastern Africa. The Journal of Arachnology 30 (2): 307 - 315."url="https://doi.org/10.1636/0161-8202(2002)030[0307:TFGAFE]2.0.CO;2"year="2002">
<taxonomicNameid="106B12939EC08DA2DDB5D39680207929"authorityName="Oketch & Li"authorityYear="2021"class="Arachnida"family="Liocranidae"genus="Toxoniella"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Toxoniella waruii"order="Araneae"pageId="0"pageNumber="273"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="waruii">
Total length 7.20. Carapace 3.40 long, 2.52 wide, brownish orange, narrow at pars cephalica. Setae sparse, grey laterally with grey radiations from fovea. Cephalic area lacks pattern. Clypeus short, chelicerae, endites, and labium colored as carapace. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.16, ALE 0.13, PME 0.09 and PLE: 0.11, AME-AME: 0.04, AME-ALE: 0.03, PME-PME: 0.07, PME-PLE: 0.07, MOQ: AW: 0.13, PW: 0.18, Length: 0.16. Sternum longer than wide, heart shaped, colored as carapace, with strongly pointed post-coxal triangles. Abdomen with dense, grey setae, reddish brown near carapace. Venter pale yellow with two pairs of intermittent lines from epiandrum towards spinnerets. Leg measurements: I 6.57 (1.76, 0.82, 1.58, 1.24, 1.17), II 5.08 (1.30, 0.79, 1.20, 0.90, 0.89), III 4.96 (1.30, 0.60, 0.91, 1.13, 1.02), IV 7.59 (1.80, 0.95, 1.64, 1.86, 1.34). Anterior leg pairs have long curved setae, three on tarsus are longer. Tenent setae in 5-6 pairs. Leg spination I P-T v1-2-2 Mt v2-2-2; II: P-T v0-1-2 Mt v2-2; III: F P-T pl2, d2, rl2, v2-2-1 Mt 8; IV: P v1 T pl2, d1, rl2, v2-2-2. Palp (Fig.
<figureCitationid="454656C8E3107D679A0D61C9E1B9883F"captionStart="Figure 6"captionStartId="F6"captionText="Figure 6. Toxoniella waruii sp. nov., left palp, male holotype A prolateral B ventral C retrolateral. Abbreviations: ATE anterior tegular extension, E embolus, MA median apophysis, PTE posterior tegular extension, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bar: 0.25 mm."figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963.figure6"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/514248"pageId="0"pageNumber="273">6A-C</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="ED910F0C7EEFE2281C4BA99460D132BD"captionStart="Figure 6"captionStartId="F6"captionText="Figure 6. Toxoniella waruii sp. nov., left palp, male holotype A prolateral B ventral C retrolateral. Abbreviations: ATE anterior tegular extension, E embolus, MA median apophysis, PTE posterior tegular extension, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bar: 0.25 mm."figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963.figure6"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/514248"pageId="0"pageNumber="273">6C</figureCitation>
). Embolus bent, with a membranous, looping sclerite, anterior and posterior tegular extensions distinct. Median apophysis flat and distally pointed (Fig.
<figureCitationid="46E28028E46645896D6D89F425B65478"captionStart="Figure 6"captionStartId="F6"captionText="Figure 6. Toxoniella waruii sp. nov., left palp, male holotype A prolateral B ventral C retrolateral. Abbreviations: ATE anterior tegular extension, E embolus, MA median apophysis, PTE posterior tegular extension, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bar: 0.25 mm."figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963.figure6"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/514248"pageId="0"pageNumber="273">6B</figureCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="FBCAC572E3201085ECE95627CD856F94"authorityName="Oketch & Li"authorityYear="2021"class="Arachnida"family="Liocranidae"genus="Toxoniella"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Toxoniella waruii"order="Araneae"pageId="0"pageNumber="273"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="waruii">
retrolateral. Abbreviations: ATE anterior tegular extension, E embolus, MA median apophysis, PTE posterior tegular extension, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bar: 0.25 mm.
<taxonomicNameid="C164C8A29014BB6BD644362F49895285"authorityName="Oketch & Li"authorityYear="2021"class="Arachnida"family="Liocranidae"genus="Toxoniella"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Toxoniella nyeri"order="Araneae"pageId="0"pageNumber="273"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="nyeri">
Similar to male in coloration except darker and larger. Total length 7.20. Carapace 3.40 long, 2.20 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.17, ALE 0.13, PME 0.10 and PLE: 0.11, AME-AME: 0.04, AME-ALE: 0.03, PME-PME: 0.07, PME-PLE: 0.07, MOQ: AW: 0.13, PW: 0.18, Length: 0.16. Leg measurements: I 6.61 (1.78, 0.82, 1.58, 1.23, 1.20), II 5.06 (1.30, 0.80, 1.20, 0.90, 0.86), III 4.97 (1.29, 0.60, 0.93, 1.14, 1.01), IV 7.63 (1.80, 0.98, 1.64, 1.87, 1.34). Tenent setae pairs and leg spination as in males. Abdomen grey, wider than in males. Epigyne (Fig.
). Ventrally sclerotized, brown and dark in some areas. Outline of spermathecae in dorsal view is visible through epigynal plate. Anterior epigynal margin smoothly curves downwards (Fig.
). Two pairs of spermathecae, posterior pair larger than anterior pair which are slightly postero-laterally directed. Epigynal groove longer than wide. Cul de sacs about anterior margin of the epigyne.
<paragraphid="A4A81764F99373EB11D6B3A929228D33"pageId="0"pageNumber="273">The species name is dedicated to Dr Charles Warui, a Kenyan ecologist who established and described the genus and two species; noun (name) in genitive case.</paragraph>
<taxonomicNameid="9DE53BF069C9EDA3472A2F0FADBE193C"authorityName="Oketch & Li"authorityYear="2021"class="Arachnida"family="Liocranidae"genus="Toxoniella"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Toxoniella nyeri"order="Araneae"pageId="0"pageNumber="273"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="nyeri">
dorsal. Abbreviations: CDS cul de sac, CO copulatory opening, FD fertilization duct (interfered with during manipulation), SP spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.
