treatments-xml/data/53/71/49/53714960FFF7FFAFFF79B78FFAB184D2.xml

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<mods:title id="6E4BFA267CFC766F9C3926DAB5D69A5D">The Tortricidae described by J. C. Fabricius (Lepidoptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="078DD9EEE466BFF35974F53AEF94B7E0">Baixeras, Joaquín</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6CA303AAFA4EBFB8736EEB3924A15B56">Karsholt, Ole</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="692623AA04D5EC2666BCFD7F281B82F9">2011</mods:date>
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<treatment id="53714960FFF7FFAFFF79B78FFAB184D2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6194763" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119426103" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6194763" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:53714960FFF7FFAFFF79B78FFAB184D2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/53714960FFF7FFAFFF79B78FFAB184D2" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" scope_family="Tortricidae" scope_order="Lepidoptera">
<subSubSection id="93C2ABFDFFF7FFAFFF79B78FFE778689" box="[151,452,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="DB67F876FFF7FFAFFF79B78FFE778689" blockId="17.[151,452,151,176]" box="[151,452,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="802F4F1AFFF7FFAFFF79B78FFE778689" bold="true" box="[151,452,151,176]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="1CD883F5FFF7FFAFFF79B78FFE778689" authority="Fabricius, 1794" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1794" box="[151,452,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Pyralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="posticana">
<emphasis id="E9AC2464FFF7FFAFFF79B78FFE778689" bold="true" box="[151,452,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="E9AC2464FFF7FFAFFF79B78FFEB58689" bold="true" box="[151,262,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">posticana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BF498587FFF7FFAFFEE2B78FFE778689" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[268,452,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref13868" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1794) Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta. Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species adjectis, synonimis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Tom [us] III, Pars II, Hafniae, 350 pp." year="1794">Fabricius, 1794</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="93C2ABFDFFF7FFAFFF79B7F8FD9486CF" box="[151,551,224,246]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="DB67F876FFF7FFAFFF79B7F8FD9486CF" blockId="17.[151,551,224,246]" box="[151,551,224,246]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="FBC8DF58FFF7FFAFFF79B7F8FD9486CF" box="[151,551,224,246]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="1CD883F5FFF7FFAFFF79B7F8FD9086CF" authority="Fabricius, 1794: 267" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="267" authorityYear="1794" box="[151,547,224,246]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Pyralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="posticana">
<emphasis id="E9AC2464FFF7FFAFFF79B7F8FEFA86CF" box="[151,329,224,246]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pyralis posticana</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="5A79DE67FFF7FFAFFEA1B7F8FD9086CF" author="Fabricius" box="[335,547,224,246]" page="267" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1794">
<bibRefCitation id="BF498587FFF7FFAFFEA1B7F8FD9086CF" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[335,547,224,246]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref13868" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1794) Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta. Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species adjectis, synonimis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Tom [us] III, Pars II, Hafniae, 350 pp." year="1794">Fabricius, 1794: 267</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="93C2ABFDFFF7FFAFFF79B63BFCBD8767" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DB67F876FFF7FFAFFF79B63BFCCA8703" blockId="17.[151,1436,290,747]" box="[151,889,290,315]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="E9AC2464FFF7FFAFFF79B63BFE868702" bold="true" box="[151,309,290,315]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<typeStatus id="046346D4FFF7FFAFFF79B63BFF618702" box="[151,210,291,315]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="A3CFB8E6FFF7FFAFFED2B63BFE388703" box="[316,395,291,314]" name="France" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">France</collectingCountry>
, Paris (“Habitat Parisiis Mus. Dom. Bosc”).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB67F876FFF7FFAFFF2BB65EFCBD8767" blockId="17.[151,1436,290,747]" box="[197,782,326,351]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="E9AC2464FFF7FFAFFF2BB65EFE1D8766" bold="true" box="[197,430,326,351]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Material examined.</emphasis>
Kiel coll. Only the name label.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="93C2ABFDFFF7FFAFFF2BB672FC5E87BB" box="[197,1005,362,387]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DB67F876FFF7FFAFFF2BB672FC5E87BB" blockId="17.[151,1436,290,747]" box="[197,1005,362,387]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="E9AC2464FFF7FFAFFF2BB672FE9A87BA" bold="true" box="[197,297,362,387]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Identity.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1CD883F5FFF7FFAFFEDEB673FD6B87BB" ID-CoL="92Y8Y" authority="Treistschke, 1830" authorityName="Treistschke" authorityYear="1830" box="[304,728,362,387]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Clepsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spectrana">
<emphasis id="E9AC2464FFF7FFAFFEDEB673FE4B87BA" box="[304,504,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Clepsis spectrana</emphasis>
(Treistschke, 1830)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="1CD883F5FFF7FFAFFD08B672FCD687BB" box="[742,869,362,386]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tortricinae">Tortricinae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="1CD883F5FFF7FFAFFC9FB672FC5187BB" box="[881,994,362,386]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Archipini">Archipini</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="93C2ABFDFFF7FFAFFF2BB697FAB184D2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="DB67F876FFF7FFAFFF2BB697FAB184D2" blockId="17.[151,1436,290,747]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="E9AC2464FFF7FFAFFF2BB697FE8A879E" bold="true" box="[197,313,399,423]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1CD883F5FFF7FFAFFEACB696FDBA879F" box="[322,521,398,422]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Pyralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="posticana">
<emphasis id="E9AC2464FFF7FFAFFEACB696FDBA879F" box="[322,521,398,422]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pyralis posticana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a senior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="1CD883F5FFF7FFAFFCCAB696FB33879F" authority="Treitschke" authorityName="Treitschke" box="[804,1152,398,423]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Clepsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spectrana">
<emphasis id="E9AC2464FFF7FFAFFCCAB696FC5D879E" box="[804,1006,398,423]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Clepsis spectrana</emphasis>
(Treitschke)
</taxonomicName>
according to 
<bibRefCitation id="BF498587FFF7FFAFFACFB696FF5687F3" author="Werneburg, A." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref16353" refString="Werneburg, A. (1864) Beitrage zur Schmetterlingskunde. Part 1, Erfurt, Verlag von H. Neumann, 595 pp." year="1864">Werneburg (1864)</bibRefCitation>
. This indication is collected by 
<bibRefCitation id="BF498587FFF7FFAFFDBAB6AAFCED87F3" author="Beccaloni, G. &amp; Scoble, M. J. &amp; Robinson, G. &amp; Pitkin, B." box="[596,862,434,459]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="2011" refId="ref13199" refString="Beccaloni, G., Scoble, M. J., Robinson, G. &amp; Pitkin, B. (Eds) (2005) The Global Lepidoptera Names Index (LepIndex). Natural History Museum London. Available from: http: // www. nhm. ac. uk / research-curation / research / projects / lepindex / (accessed: May 2011)." year="2005">
Beccaloni 
<emphasis id="E9AC2464FFF7FFAFFD23B6ACFCB487F2" box="[717,775,435,459]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
(2005)
</bibRefCitation>
; the synonymy was overlooked by 
<bibRefCitation id="BF498587FFF7FFAFFB1BB6ABFA2B87F3" author="Brown, J. W." box="[1269,1432,434,458]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref13293" refString="Brown, J. W. (2005) Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). In: Landry, B. (Ed.), World Catalogue of Insects 5. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 741 pp." year="2005">Brown (2005)</bibRefCitation>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="BF498587FFF7FFAFFF79B6CEFEEE87D7" author="Obraztsov, N. S." box="[151,349,470,494]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="309 - 347" refId="ref15280" refString="Obraztsov, N. S. (1957) Die Gattungen der Palaearktischen Tortricidae I. Allgemeine Aufteilung der Familie un die Unterfamilien Tortricinae und Sparganothinae. 2. Fortsetzung un Schluss. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 100 (3), 309 - 347." year="1957">Obraztsov (1957)</bibRefCitation>
was critical of this association and suggested that the species may be a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="1CD883F5FFF7FFAFFAF1B6CFFEEB842B" authority="Clerck." authorityName="Clerck." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Ramapesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gnomana">
<emphasis id="E9AC2464FFF7FFAFFAF1B6CFFF4C842A" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ramapesia gnomana</emphasis>
Clerck.
</taxonomicName>
The inclusion of this doubtful and unused senior synonym would thread a stable and widely used name. In addition 
<taxonomicName id="1CD883F5FFF7FFAFFE8CB507FE43840E" box="[354,496,543,567]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Clepsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spectrana">
<emphasis id="E9AC2464FFF7FFAFFE8CB507FE43840E" box="[354,496,543,567]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. spectrana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(‘straw-colored 
<taxonomicName id="1CD883F5FFF7FFAFFD44B506FD43840F" box="[682,752,542,566]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">tortrix</taxonomicName>
moth’ or ‘cyclamen tortrix’) is an invasive polyphagous species, feeding on a large variety of herbaceous crops, fruit trees and greenhouse ornamental plants (
<bibRefCitation id="BF498587FFF7FFAFFAE5B55AFA2B8463" author="Carter, D. J." box="[1291,1432,578,602]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref13332" refString="Carter, D. J. (1984) Pest Lepidoptera of Europe with special reference to the British Isles. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 437 pp." year="1984">Carter 1984</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="BF498587FFF7FFAFFF79B57EFE9F8447" author="Dickler, E." box="[151,300,614,638]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="435 - 452" refId="ref13578" refString="Dickler, E. (1991) Tortricid Pests of Pome and Stone fruits, Eurasian species. In: van der Geest, L. P. S. &amp; Evenhuis, H. H. (Eds), World Crop Pests 5, Tortricid Pests. Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 435 - 452." year="1991">Dickler 1991</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="BF498587FFF7FFAFFED7B57EFE148447" author="Hill, D. S." box="[313,423,614,638]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref14317" refString="Hill, D. S. (1987) Agricultural Insect Pests of Temperate Regions and Their Control. Cambridge University Press, New York, U. S. A., 667 pp." year="1987">Hill 1987</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="BF498587FFF7FFAFFE5DB57EFD8E8447" author="Zhang, B. - C." box="[435,573,614,638]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref16515" refString="Zhang, B. - C. (1994) Index of Economically Important Lepidoptera. CAB International, University Press, Cambridge, U. K., 599 pp." year="1994">Zhang 1994</bibRefCitation>
, among others). The species has been introduced in North 
<collectingCountry id="A3CFB8E6FFF7FFAFFB3CB57EFA818447" box="[1234,1330,614,638]" name="United States of America" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">America</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BF498587FFF7FFAFFAACB57EFF4B849B" author="Dang, P. &amp; Duncan, R. &amp; Fitzpatrick, S." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="321 - 328" refId="ref13368" refString="Dang, P., Duncan, R. &amp; Fitzpatrick, S. (1996) Occurrence of two palearctic species of Clepsis Guenee, C. spectrana Trietschke and C. consimilana (Hubner) (Tortricidae), in British Columbia, Canada. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 50 (4), 321 - 328." year="1996">
Dang 
<emphasis id="E9AC2464FFF7FFAFFA66B570FF07849A" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
). According to the provisions of Article 23.9 (ICZN 1999), we propose the conservation of Treitschke’s name (
<emphasis id="E9AC2464FFF7FFAFFF08B5B7FE0E84FE" bold="true" box="[230,445,687,711]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">nomen protectum</emphasis>
) and the suppression of the Fabrician name 
<taxonomicName id="1CD883F5FFF7FFAFFC2AB5B7FB8284FF" box="[964,1073,687,710]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Pyralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="posticana">
<emphasis id="E9AC2464FFF7FFAFFC2AB5B7FB8284FF" box="[964,1073,687,710]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">posticana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="E9AC2464FFF7FFAFFBAAB5B7FB4884FE" bold="true" box="[1092,1275,686,711]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">nomen oblitum</emphasis>
). Appendix 3 lists 38 references by more than ten different authors that have used 
<taxonomicName id="1CD883F5FFF7FFAFFC7DB5CBFB9084D2" box="[915,1059,723,747]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Clepsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spectrana">
<emphasis id="E9AC2464FFF7FFAFFC7DB5CBFB9084D2" box="[915,1059,723,747]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. spectrana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the last 50 years.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>