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<document id="20F6328235AF28C9BFC8B9152595EA94" ID-CLB-Dataset="50622" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.172917" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1f9e6baa-d96b-4592-96e4-7d72f76bff8d" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="172917" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459765226775" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Thandar, Ahmed S." docDate="2006" docId="1E5A87CB0A5A577BFF37940AF35BFDED" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01245p051.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1245" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Staurothyone rosacea Semper 1869" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="34" masterDocId="E263FFB30A7A575AFE3F9054F023FB15" masterDocTitle="New species and new records of dendrochirotid and dactylochirotid holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from off the east coast of South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="51" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1698222336424" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="E3A933BC27A1ACA07B611392F60E13D5">New species and new records of dendrochirotid and dactylochirotid holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from off the east coast of South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="2E9CEDF177863FDB0CF04D79AE5E7871" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="DC00D93C5FBF9DA2D373D81BC9359F2B">Thandar, Ahmed S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="1B492928E0F7829042DD2DB3878BEF74">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="02E3E5967F8FECB6D65DB342519ED2F5">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="364F4AD2B8279439230313B05C35A077" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.172917</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="1E5A87CB0A5A577BFF37940AF35BFDED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5674066" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119345894" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5674066" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1E5A87CB0A5A577BFF37940AF35BFDED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E5A87CB0A5A577BFF37940AF35BFDED" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<subSubSection id="DEE965560A5A577AFF37940AF15BFF8E" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A5A577AFF37940AF2ECFF6D" blockId="32.[264,719,1118,1179]" box="[264,719,1118,1144]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<heading id="CD0481B10A5A577AFF37940AF2ECFF6D" bold="true" box="[264,719,1118,1144]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="51F34D5E0A5A577AFF37940AF2ECFF6D" ID-CoL="4ZMKM" authority="Semper, 1869" authorityName="Semper" authorityYear="1869" box="[264,719,1118,1144]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Staurothyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rosacea">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A5A577AFF37940AF2ECFF6D" bold="true" box="[264,719,1118,1144]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A5A577AFF37940AF22EFF6D" bold="true" box="[264,525,1118,1144]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Staurothyone rosacea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F2624B2C0A5A577AFC22940AF2E4FF6D" author="Semper" box="[541,711,1118,1144]" pageId="32" pageNumber="49" refString="Semper, C. (1869) Die holothurien Ostafrikas. Baron Carl Claus von der Deckens reisen in Ost- Afrika, 3, 119 - 122." type="journal article" year="1869">Semper, 1869</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A5A577AFF3794D5F15BFF8E" blockId="32.[264,719,1118,1179]" box="[264,376,1153,1179]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<figureCitation id="0EC82A580A5A577AFF3794D5F15BFF8E" box="[264,376,1153,1179]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="33.[264,367,1088,1112]" captionTargetBox="[570,1042,969,1065]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[547,1051,956,1073]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 11. Staurothyone rosacea (Semper, 1869). SAM­A 27910. A. crosses from body wall; B. rosettes from body wall; C. calcareous ring." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172928/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figure 11</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DEE965560A5A577AFF379486F3F2FE5D" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A5A577AFF379486F1B2FE1D" blockId="32.[264,1323,1233,1353]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B6E311F30A5A577AFF379486F1B2FE1D" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="51F34D5E0A5A577AFF379486F2A2FFFD" authority="Semper, 1868: 242" authorityName="Semper" authorityPageNumber="242" authorityYear="1868" box="[264,641,1233,1257]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rosacea">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A5A577AFF379486F192FFFC" box="[264,433,1234,1257]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Thyone rosacea</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="175210CC0A5A577AFF879485F2A2FFFD" author="Semper" box="[440,641,1233,1256]" page="242" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="1868">
<bibRefCitation id="F2624B2C0A5A577AFF879485F26DFFFD" author="Semper" box="[440,590,1233,1256]" pageId="32" pageNumber="49" refString="Semper, C. (1868) Holothurien. Reisen im Archipel der Philippen. Holothurien. 2. Wissenschaftliche Resultate. Wiesbaden, Leipzig, 288 pp." type="book" year="1868">Semper, 1868</bibRefCitation>
: 242
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(nom.nud.); 1869: 122, pl.1, fig. 2 a–c;
<treatmentCitation id="175210CC0A5A577AFA119485F527FFFD" author="Lampert" box="[1070,1284,1233,1256]" page="159" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="1885">
<bibRefCitation id="F2624B2C0A5A577AFA119485F4ECFFFD" author="Lampert" box="[1070,1231,1233,1256]" pageId="32" pageNumber="48" refString="Lampert, K. (1885) Die Seewalzen (Holothuroidea). In Semper, C. Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen. Wiesbaden, 4, 1 - 312." type="journal article" year="1885">Lampert, 1885</bibRefCitation>
: 159
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 1, fig. 3.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A5A577AFF379546F2CAFE3D" blockId="32.[264,1323,1233,1353]" box="[264,745,1297,1321]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B6E311F30A5A577AFF379546F2CAFE3D" box="[264,745,1297,1321]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="51F34D5E0A5A577AFF379546F2B1FE3D" authority="Lampert, 1889: 840" authorityName="Lampert" authorityPageNumber="840" authorityYear="1889" box="[264,658,1297,1321]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sargassi">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A5A577AFF379546F196FE3C" box="[264,437,1298,1321]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Thyone sargassi</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="175210CC0A5A577AFF839545F2B1FE3D" author="Lampert" box="[444,658,1297,1320]" page="840" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="1889">
<bibRefCitation id="F2624B2C0A5A577AFF839545F27EFE3D" author="Lampert" box="[444,605,1297,1320]" pageId="32" pageNumber="48" refString="Lampert, K. (1889) Die wahrend der Expedition S. M. S. Gazelle 1874 - 1876 von Prof. Dr. Th. Studer gesammelten Holothurien. Zoologische Jahrbucher (Syst.) 4 (4), 806 - 858." type="journal article" year="1889">Lampert, 1889</bibRefCitation>
: 840
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 10.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A5A577AFF379566F3F2FE5D" blockId="32.[264,1323,1233,1353]" box="[264,977,1329,1353]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B6E311F30A5A577AFF379566F3F2FE5D" box="[264,977,1329,1353]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="51F34D5E0A5A577AFF379566F2EBFE5D" ID-CoL="4ZMKM" authority="Panning, 1949: 418" authorityName="Panning" authorityPageNumber="418" authorityYear="1949" box="[264,712,1329,1353]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Staurothyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rosacea">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A5A577AFF379566F1CDFE5C" box="[264,494,1330,1353]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Staurothyone rosacea</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="175210CC0A5A577AFFCA9565F2EBFE5D" author="Panning" box="[501,712,1329,1352]" page="418" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="1949">
<bibRefCitation id="F2624B2C0A5A577AFFCA9565F2B0FE5D" author="Panning" box="[501,659,1329,1352]" pageId="32" pageNumber="49" refString="Panning, A. (1949) Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumariidae (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirota). Zoologische Jahrbucher, 78, 404 - 470." type="journal article" year="1949">Panning, 1949</bibRefCitation>
: 418
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 5; 1964: 159, fig. 1.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DEE965560A5A577AFF37952DF3B4FC5E" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A5A577AFF37952DF11FFE87" blockId="32.[264,742,1401,1467]" box="[264,316,1401,1426]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A5A577AFF37952DF11FFE87" box="[264,316,1401,1426]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<typeStatus id="4948887F0A5A577AFF37952DF11FFE87" box="[264,316,1401,1426]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Type</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A5A577AFF0095F5F2C5FEAE" blockId="32.[264,742,1401,1467]" box="[319,742,1441,1467]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Hamburg Museum,
<collectingCountry id="EEE4764D0A5A577AFC1595F5F2BBFEAE" box="[554,664,1441,1467]" name="Germany" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Germany</collectingCountry>
, 2901.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A5A577AFF3795A5F1BDFD1F" blockId="32.[264,423,1521,1587]" box="[264,414,1521,1546]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A5A577AFF3795A5F1BDFD1F" box="[264,414,1521,1546]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<typeStatus id="4948887F0A5A577AFF3795A5F11CFD1F" box="[264,319,1521,1546]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A5A577AFF00964DF184FD26" blockId="32.[264,423,1521,1587]" box="[319,423,1561,1587]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Red Sea.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A5A577AFF37963DF24FFD97" blockId="32.[264,620,1641,1707]" box="[264,620,1641,1666]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A5A577AFF37963DF24FFD97" box="[264,620,1641,1666]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Previous South African record</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A5A577AFF0796C5F154FDBE" blockId="32.[264,620,1641,1707]" box="[312,375,1681,1707]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">None</paragraph>
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A5A577AFF3796B5F1C5FDEF" blockId="32.[264,1325,1761,1867]" box="[264,486,1761,1786]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A5A577AFF3796B5F1C5FDEF" box="[264,486,1761,1786]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A5A577AFF07975DF3B4FC5E" blockId="32.[264,1325,1761,1867]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
SAM­A27910, between Bhanga Nek and Kosi Bay, No. 13 reef, KwaZulu­Natal, D. Herbert, SCUBA­dive,
<date id="E24D101D0A5A577AFC229765F2F2FC5E" box="[541,721,1841,1867]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="1987-07-12" valueMax="1987-07-20" valueMin="1987-07-12">12–20 vii 1987</date>
, 6–
<quantity id="510B9B380A5A577AFCC29765F31AFC5E" box="[765,825,1841,1867]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
, 1 spec.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DEE965560A5B577BFF379148F405F803" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="description">
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A5B577BFF379148F1B1FA20" blockId="33.[264,1325,284,790]" box="[264,402,284,309]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A5B577BFF379148F1B1FA20" box="[264,402,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A5B577BFF079110F3BDF98B" blockId="33.[264,1325,284,790]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
Specimen previously dried up but prolonged soaking in alcohol softened the body wall to some extent. Form cylindrical, slightly U­shaped, measuring
<quantity id="510B9B380A5B577BFDC19138F471FA93" box="[1022,1106,364,390]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
along trivium and 3.5 mm in breadth in mid­body. Colour dark reddish brown ventrally, paler dorsally. Podia usually restricted to ambulacra, two rows dorsally and 3–4 rows ventrally, with few also scattered in interambulacra of ventral surface. Mouth anterior, tentacles extremely bushy but number and size variation could not be determined. Anus terminal, encircled by five calcareous teeth, easily demonstrated. Calcareous ring (
<figureCitation id="0EC82A580A5B577BFDFD9260F41FF95B" box="[962,1084,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="31.[264,367,1300,1324]" captionTargetBox="[549,1025,569,1273]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[535,1051,566,1276]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 10. Plesiocolochirus tessellarus (Cherbonnier, 1970). SAM­ 27909. A. large­knobbed buttons from dorsal body wall; B. side view of buttons; C. plate / scale from dorsal body wall; D. baskets from dorsal body wall; E. side view of baskets from dorsal body wall; F. baskets from dorsal podia; G. rods from dorsal podia; H. small­knobbed plates from dorsal podia; I. end­plate from dorsal podium; J. part of end­plate from ventral podium; K. plates from tentacles; L. tentacle rods. A­C &amp; G­L scale a; D­F scale b." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172927/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figure 10</figureCitation>
C) well developed, interradial plates longer than radial plates with a shallow depression on their outer surface. Polian vesicle single, sac­like. Stone canal not observed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A5B577BFF0792F8F405F803" blockId="33.[264,1325,284,790]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
Spicules of body wall include large crosses (
<figureCitation id="0EC82A580A5B577BFD7592F8F39FF9D3" box="[842,956,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="33.[264,367,1088,1112]" captionTargetBox="[570,1042,969,1065]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[547,1051,956,1073]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 11. Staurothyone rosacea (Semper, 1869). SAM­A 27910. A. crosses from body wall; B. rosettes from body wall; C. calcareous ring." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172928/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figure 11</figureCitation>
A) and minute rosettes (
<figureCitation id="0EC82A580A5B577BFAE392F8F106F9FB" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="33.[264,367,1088,1112]" captionTargetBox="[570,1042,969,1065]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[547,1051,956,1073]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 11. Staurothyone rosacea (Semper, 1869). SAM­A 27910. A. crosses from body wall; B. rosettes from body wall; C. calcareous ring." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172928/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figure 11</figureCitation>
B). Podial deposits include rods with digitated ends. No indication of any secondary branchings to the two primary dichotomous branches of the crosses.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DEE965560A5B577BFF379318F327F89B" box="[264,772,844,910]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A5B577BFF379318F1B4F870" blockId="33.[264,772,844,910]" box="[264,407,844,869]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A5B577BFF379318F1B4F870" box="[264,407,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A5B577BFF079320F327F89B" blockId="33.[264,772,844,910]" box="[312,772,884,910]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">West Indian Ocean, including Red Sea.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="C28C66550A5B577BFF379414F2F8FF6F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172928/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" targetBox="[570,1042,969,1065]" targetPageId="33">
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A5B577BFF379414F2F8FF6F" blockId="33.[264,1323,1088,1146]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A5B577BFF379414F1B4FF4D" bold="true" box="[264,407,1088,1112]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="51F34D5E0A5B577BFFA09415F315FF42" authority="Semper, 1869" authorityName="Semper" authorityYear="1869" box="[415,822,1088,1112]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Staurothyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rosacea">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A5B577BFFA09415F2A5FF4D" box="[415,646,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Staurothyone rosacea</emphasis>
(Semper, 1869)
</taxonomicName>
. SAM­A27910. A. crosses from body wall; B. rosettes from body wall; C. calcareous ring.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="DEE965560A5B577BFF3794FAF35BFDED" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A5B577BFF3794FAF14DFFD2" blockId="33.[264,1323,1198,1784]" box="[264,366,1198,1223]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A5B577BFF3794FAF14DFFD2" box="[264,366,1198,1223]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A5B577BFF079482F35BFDED" blockId="33.[264,1323,1198,1784]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
Of the three other species currently classified in
<taxonomicName id="51F34D5E0A5B577BFDB19482F40BFFFA" box="[910,1064,1238,1263]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Staurothyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A5B577BFDB19482F40BFFFA" box="[910,1064,1238,1263]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Staurothyone</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="51F34D5E0A5B577BFA049482F181FE0D" authority="Joshua &amp; Creed, 1915" authorityName="Joshua &amp; Creed" authorityYear="1915" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Staurothyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vercoi">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A5B577BFA049482F487FFFA" box="[1083,1188,1238,1263]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">S. vercoi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F2624B2C0A5B577BFA889482F1B9FE0D" author="Joshua" pageId="33" pageNumber="48" refString="Joshua, E. C &amp; Creed, E (1915) South Australian Holothuroidea, with descriptions of new species. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 39, 16 - 24." type="journal article" year="1915">Joshua &amp; Creed, 1915</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is apparently a 20­tentacled form and hence referable to another genus (see
<bibRefCitation id="F2624B2C0A5B577BFF379572F232FE55" author="Rowe" box="[264,529,1318,1344]" pageId="33" pageNumber="49" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. &amp; Gates, J. (1995) Echinodermata. In: Wells, A. (ed), Zoological catalogue of Australia, Vol. 33, Melbourne, CSIRO Australia, xiii - 510 pp." type="journal volume" year="1995">Rowe &amp; Gates 1995</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="51F34D5E0A5B577BFC129572F349FE55" authority="Clark, 1938" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1938" box="[557,874,1318,1344]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Staurothyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="distincta">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A5B577BFC129572F295FE2A" box="[557,694,1318,1343]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">S. distincta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F2624B2C0A5B577BFCF29572F342FE55" author="Clark" box="[717,865,1318,1344]" pageId="33" pageNumber="47" refString="Clark, H. L. (1938) Echinoderms from Australia. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 55 (8), 1 - 596." type="journal article" year="1938">Clark, 1938</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from North
<collectingCountry id="EEE4764D0A5B577BFA2C9572F45DFE55" box="[1043,1150,1318,1344]" name="Australia" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Australia</collectingCountry>
is distinct in possessing, in addition to the crosses and rosettes in the body wall, peculiar minute ‘oblong particles’; and
<taxonomicName id="51F34D5E0A5B577BFC0F9522F3A4FE85" authority="Bell, 1887" authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1887" box="[560,903,1398,1424]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Staurothyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="inconspicua">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A5B577BFC0F9522F2C1FE9A" box="[560,738,1398,1423]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">S. inconspicua</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F2624B2C0A5B577BFCC59522F35CFE85" author="Bell" box="[762,895,1398,1424]" pageId="33" pageNumber="47" refString="Bell, J. F. (1887) Studies in the Holothuroidea - VI. Descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 531 - 534." type="proceedings paper" year="1887">Bell, 1887</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is a South Australian­Tasmanian species, very close to the Indo­West Pacific
<taxonomicName id="51F34D5E0A5B577BFD3495CAF3A0FEA2" box="[779,899,1438,1463]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Staurothyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rosacea">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A5B577BFD3495CAF3A0FEA2" box="[779,899,1438,1463]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">S. rosacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and suspected by both
<bibRefCitation id="F2624B2C0A5B577BFAAB95CAF50AFEAD" author="Clark" box="[1172,1321,1438,1464]" pageId="33" pageNumber="47" refString="Clark, H. L. (1938) Echinoderms from Australia. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 55 (8), 1 - 596." type="journal article" year="1938">Clark (1938)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="F2624B2C0A5B577BFF059592F1CCFEF5" author="Panning" box="[314,495,1478,1504]" pageId="33" pageNumber="49" refString="Panning, A. (1949) Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumariidae (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirota). Zoologische Jahrbucher, 78, 404 - 470." type="journal article" year="1949">Panning (1949)</bibRefCitation>
to be synonymous with it. However, according to O’ Loughlin (1991) and
<bibRefCitation id="F2624B2C0A5B577BFF0195BAF21CFD1D" box="[318,575,1518,1544]" pageId="33" pageNumber="48" refString="Materia, C. J., Monagle, J. F. &amp; O' Loughlin, P. M. (1991) Seasonal coelomic brooding in southern Australian cucumariids (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea) Biology of Echinodermata (ed. Yanagisawa, T. et al.). Proceedings of the 7 th International Echinoderm Conference, Atami / September 1990: 301 - 307." type="journal article">Materia et al. (1991)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="51F34D5E0A5B577BFC6E95BAF323FD12" box="[593,768,1518,1543]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Staurothyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="inconspicua">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A5B577BFC6E95BAF323FD12" box="[593,768,1518,1543]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">S. inconspicua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a seasonal coelomic brooder, while Rowe (pers. comm.) is of the opinion that there are also differences in proportions of crosses in the two species. The current specimen differs from the
<typeStatus id="4948887F0A5B577BFDAB966AF3DEFD4D" box="[916,1021,1598,1624]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, re­described by
<bibRefCitation id="F2624B2C0A5B577BFAF7966AF16CFD95" author="Panning" pageId="33" pageNumber="49" refString="Panning, A. (1949) Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumariidae (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirota). Zoologische Jahrbucher, 78, 404 - 470." type="journal article" year="1949">Panning (1949</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="F2624B2C0A5B577BFF609632F1BEFD95" author="Panning" box="[351,413,1638,1664]" pageId="33" pageNumber="49" refString="Panning, A. (1964) Bermerkungen Uber die Holothurien-Familie Cucumariidae (Ordnung Dendrochirota). 3. Teil. Die Gattungen Stereoderma, Staurothyone und Trachythyone. Hamburg Zooogical Museum Insitute, 159 - 174." type="book chapter" year="1964">1964</bibRefCitation>
), in the ambulacral restriction of the podia, the shape of the plates of the calcareous ring, especially the anterior tip of the interradial plates, and the posterior margin of the ring. These are perhaps growth characteristics since the
<typeStatus id="4948887F0A5B577BFA0896E2F449FDC5" box="[1079,1130,1718,1744]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">type</typeStatus>
(
<quantity id="510B9B380A5B577BFA4696E2F4EFFDC5" box="[1145,1228,1718,1744]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
long) is almost twice as large as the specimen here described.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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