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<document id="1D0846E7E990443CB01FAF314DBCF065" ID-CLB-Dataset="20537" ID-DOI="10.15553/c2018v732a7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4c48979e-961e-4f52-aea5-35622edab76f" ID-ISSN="2235-3658" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5724607" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1637764901401" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Applequist, Wendy L." docDate="2018" docId="0B2CC003FFE714646B6ED6124AC24742" docLanguage="en" docName="Candollea.73.2.221-244.pdf" docOrigin="Candollea 73 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:1E5CC43F38D0DBC531513809D1267F7B.3:Candollea.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="1E5CC43F38D0DBC531513809D1267F7B" docStyleName="Candollea.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Homalium axillare Benth." docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="226" masterDocId="F715B87BFFE314616856D2104F69413B" masterDocTitle="A revision of the Malagasy species of Homalium sect. Blackwellia (Salicaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="244" masterPageNumber="221" pageNumber="225" updateTime="1699470032420" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="12CB470A2FABDB79C4E966FD9E679D28" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="CB6367FCE802134D6D0DBA60B9E25FE1">
<mods:title id="F3C9CE66DA331CA8630288EEB9ED94D0">A revision of the Malagasy species of Homalium sect. Blackwellia (Salicaceae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="8D5055BF13735C3B917A9DEF96A750AD" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C15E167208894DAEA598ED99BEA0702C">
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<mods:namePart id="D381392CB5F56068834D5AC66544075A">Applequist, Wendy L.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="02E6F6B8EAC6BEADD8CBFF5C73E5686B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="CE4EE8F539AB97A83A04A7BC4B2982A3">Candollea</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="37F05821AB6963A70BEFB72A0F2EF1E3">
<mods:date id="C5459B1D14F819BBC92861EC456BD1F8">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="1A6BD7C35E59FC772BB5F1E2DDE460FA" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="02508F7097781C0EB33D9DB32A2BD792">2018-11-05</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="E1751081D001E1DE8CE87FFDCBA9C2D1" type="volume">
<mods:number id="CC8A62E7D7307EA9B46F967C4547FC83">73</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="8D66A55416F4B01A4BFFCBAF57CCCF49">221</mods:start>
<mods:end id="A3189B3A61FDC23EF478B8BEE78A00CD">244</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="15310C1FD4164BA6CE34426386B3C56F">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="3382119DA55A697D18E06FD2E2AA6293" type="CLB-Dataset">20537</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E5D29F4AF55EF1E025A7ABBB7EA50D91" type="DOI">10.15553/c2018v732a7</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C9E95525D95842732F6DE47533DC4BE2" type="GBIF-Dataset">4c48979e-961e-4f52-aea5-35622edab76f</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5697A6447A94402DADCCC51FCC2C5E92" type="Zenodo-Dep">5724607</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0B2CC003FFE714646B6ED6124AC24742" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6314377" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193438787" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6314377" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0B2CC003FFE714646B6ED6124AC24742" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0B2CC003FFE714646B6ED6124AC24742" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="226" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">
<subSubSection id="CB9F229EFFE714656B6ED6124B6C4502" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="833A7115FFE714656B6ED6124B6C4502" blockId="4.[824,1474,1024,1082]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">
2.
<taxonomicName id="44850A96FFE714656B08D6114BBB4521" ID-CoL="3MCH4" authority="(Lam.) Benth." authorityName="Benth." baseAuthorityName="Lam." box="[862,1234,1024,1050]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Homalium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="axillare">
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE714656B08D6114B424522" bold="true" box="[862,1067,1025,1049]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">Homalium axillare</emphasis>
(Lam.) Benth.
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibCitation id="56AF7979FFE714656CA0D6124B684502" journal="J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot." page="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" score="29.464320358218338" volume="4" year="1859">J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4: 34. 1859</bibCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CB9F229EFFE714656B08D65F4A00455F" box="[862,1385,1100,1124]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="833A7115FFE714656B08D65F4A00455F" blockId="4.[862,1385,1100,1124]" box="[862,1385,1100,1124]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A395563BFFE714656B08D65F4A0C455F" box="[862,1381,1100,1124]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">
≡
<treatmentCitation id="02245704FFE714656BD2D65C4A0C455F" author="Lam." box="[900,1381,1100,1124]" page="428" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" year="1785">
<taxonomicName id="44850A96FFE714656BD2D65C4B8F455F" ID-CoL="LZTQ" authority="Lam., Encycl." authorityName="Lam., Encycl." box="[900,1254,1100,1124]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Blakwellia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="axillaris">
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE714656BD2D65C4B23455F" box="[900,1098,1100,1124]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">Blakwellia axillaris</emphasis>
Lam., Encycl.
</taxonomicName>
1: 428. 1785
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CB9F229EFFE714656B08D6674A4445D5" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="833A7115FFE714656B08D6674A4445D5" blockId="4.[862,1475,1141,1263]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">
<materialsCitation id="33ED7B48FFE714656B08D6674B4945F5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3470313342" collectionCode="G, P" collectorName="Commerson" country="Madagascar" location="MADAGASCAR" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" specimenCode="P-JU 14407" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE714656B08D6674C8145B4" bold="true" box="[862,1000,1143,1167]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">
<typeStatus id="5C3ECFB7FFE714656B08D6674C8145B4" box="[862,1000,1143,1167]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" type="lectotype">Lectotypus</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(designated by
<bibRefCitation id="E7140CE4FFE714656CEFD6674AD945B4" author="SLEUMER, H." box="[1209,1456,1143,1167]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" pagination="239 - 328" refId="ref24928" refString="SLEUMER, H. (1973). Revision du genre Homalium Jacq. (Flacourtiacees) en Afrique (y compris Madagascar et les Mascareignes). Bull. Jard. Natl. Belg. 43: 239 - 328." type="journal article" year="1973">SLEUMER, 1973: 255</bibRefCitation>
):
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE714656B08D6874B6D4594" bold="true" box="[862,1028,1175,1199]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">
<collectingCountry id="FB923185FFE714656B08D6874C944594" box="[862,1021,1175,1199]" name="Madagascar" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE714656C5DD6884B004594" box="[1035,1129,1175,1199]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">sine loco,</emphasis>
s.d., fl.,
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE714656C9BD6874A1F4594" box="[1229,1398,1175,1199]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">
<collectorName id="2E7014C3FFE714656C9BD6874A204595" box="[1229,1353,1175,1198]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">Commerson</collectorName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(
<specimenCode id="D323D96EFFE714656DDFD6874CF545F4" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">P-JU 14407</specimenCode>
image seen;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="33ED7B48FFE714656C7ED6A74A4F45D6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3470313355" collectionCode="G, P" country="Madagascar" location="Commerson" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" specimenCode="G00018417, G00018418, G00018419, P00624058" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="isolectotype">
<typeStatus id="5C3ECFB7FFE714656C7ED6A74BE145F4" box="[1064,1160,1207,1231]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" type="isolectotype">isolectotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="E594E9D0FFE714656CC5D6A74BC045F4" box="[1171,1193,1207,1231]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="D323D96EFFE714656CECD6A74A5F45F4" box="[1210,1334,1207,1231]" collectionCode="G" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" type="Herbarium">G00018417</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="D323D96EFFE714656D17D6A74AD745F4" box="[1345,1470,1207,1231]" collectionCode="G" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" type="Herbarium">G00018418</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="D323D96EFFE714656B08D6C74CB045D4" box="[862,985,1239,1263]" collectionCode="G" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" type="Herbarium">G00018419</specimenCode>
] images seen,
<collectionCode id="E594E9D0FFE714656C22D6C74BED45D5" box="[1140,1156,1239,1262]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="D323D96EFFE714656CC2D6C74A6745D4" box="[1172,1294,1239,1263]" collectionCode="P" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" type="Herbarium">P00624058</specimenCode>
]!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CB9F229EFFE714646B08D7084FBA40D4" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="226" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" type="description">
<paragraph id="833A7115FFE714646B08D7084FBA40D4" blockId="4.[824,1475,1303,1935]" lastBlockId="5.[113,764,279,495]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="226" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE714656B08D7084CE74414" box="[862,910,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">Tree</emphasis>
to
<quantity id="447DDCF0FFE714656BE1D7074C994415" box="[951,1008,1303,1327]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" unit="m" value="16.0">16 m</quantity>
,
<quantity id="447DDCF0FFE714656BA8D7074B2A4415" box="[1022,1091,1303,1327]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" unit="cm" value="26.0">26 cm</quantity>
dbh, or large shrub; young twigs glabrous or minutely papillate.
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE714656CD9D7284BBF4474" box="[1167,1238,1336,1359]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">Leaves</emphasis>
elliptical to narrowly or broadly elliptical (seldom to ovate, obovate, or rarely lanceolate), (2–)2.5–7.5(–9.3) × (0.9–)1.1–3.8(–4.3) cm; petiole (1.5–)
<quantity id="447DDCF0FFE714656B23D7874CBB4495" box="[885,978,1430,1455]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="2.0">2–8 mm</quantity>
; base convex (rounded, cuneate); apex acute to rounded or obtuse (somewhat acuminate); margins crenateserrate, with small or elongated glands at apices of teeth, to subentire; adaxial surface drying darker, brown to greenish or grayish, abaxial surface pale to medium brown (greenish).
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE714656B38D4274C9D4774" box="[878,1012,1591,1615]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">Inflorescences</emphasis>
racemose,
<quantity id="447DDCF0FFE714656C3BD4274B874775" box="[1133,1262,1590,1615]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="14.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" unit="cm" value="8.0" valueMax="14.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5–14.5 cm</quantity>
, pubescent; flowers pedicellate with pedicels 0.2–1.8(–2.5) mm (subsessile); bracts oblong-ovate to ovate or lanceolate (suborbicular, oblongobovate, deltoid), 0.5– 1.1(–1.6) mm.
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE714656C82D4874A414794" box="[1236,1320,1687,1711]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">Flowers</emphasis>
7– 10-merous (most commonly 8-merous); calyx tube narrowly funnelform to basally rounded, pubescent; sepals narrowly oblanceolateoblong to ligulate or narrowly oblong with acute apex,
<quantity id="447DDCF0FFE714656B6ED5074CD54615" box="[824,956,1814,1839]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="3.7" valueMin="0.8">0.8–3.7 mm</quantity>
; petals narrowly oblanceolate-oblong to ligulate or narrowly oblong with acute apex,
<quantity id="447DDCF0FFE714656C95D5274A214675" box="[1219,1352,1846,1871]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" unit="mm" value="2.15" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="0.8">0.8–3.5 mm</quantity>
; sepals and petals whitish to cream or yellow-green (possibly becoming pink or reddish in fruit), accrescent, longer than calyx tube (very rarely similar in length), ascending to irregularly spreading or partly reflexed (most often in fruit), ciliate with long trichomes, both surfaces sparsely short-pubescent to glabrous; sepal glands glabrous; filaments 0.8–2.4(–3.5) mm, sparsely villous (to glabrate); ovary hispid or pilose to long-pubescent; styles 3–4(–5),
<quantity id="447DDCF0FFE61464695DD3A74E1B40F5" box="[267,370,438,463]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" unit="mm" value="2.15" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.3">1.3–3 mm</quantity>
(apparently accrescent), basally hispid to pilose.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CB9F229EFFE6146468C1D0084A654574" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="833A7115FFE6146468C1D0084EDE42D4" blockId="5.[113,764,535,1935]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE6146468C1D0084F814314" box="[151,232,536,559]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Notes. –</emphasis>
There is substantial geographic variation in morphology within
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE614646976D0284EFE4374" box="[288,407,567,591]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
<taxonomicName id="44850A96FFE614646976D0284EFB4374" box="[288,402,567,591]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Homalium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="axillare">H. axillare</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
which is the commonest species in its section. Specimens from the province of
<collectingRegion id="4141BFF7FFE614646AD4D0474D934354" box="[642,762,599,623]" country="Madagascar" name="Toamasina" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Toamasina</collectingRegion>
have usually relatively large, crenate leaves with usually large, elliptical marginal glands that may occupy much of the apical margins of teeth; the leaves usually dry brown. The
<typeStatus id="5C3ECFB7FFE614646ADCD0A74DD143F4" box="[650,696,695,719]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">type</typeStatus>
of the species, the locality of which is unknown, falls into this group, as do a few specimens from
<collectingRegion id="4141BFF7FFE6146469F6D0E74DA14234" box="[416,712,759,783]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Antananarivo, Fianarantsoa</collectingRegion>
, and eastern
<collectingRegion id="4141BFF7FFE614646895D1074E554214" box="[195,316,791,815]" country="Madagascar" name="Mahajanga" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Mahajanga</collectingRegion>
.
<collectingMunicipality id="635EEB6FFFE614646912D1074E154214" box="[324,380,791,815]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Their</collectingMunicipality>
inflorescences are usually
<quantity id="447DDCF0FFE614646AC6D1074D924215" box="[656,763,790,815]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" metricValueMax="14.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" unit="cm" value="9.25" valueMax="14.5" valueMin="4.0">4–14.5 cm</quantity>
long and mostly borne near twig apices, so that they often extend much beyond the leaves. (However, rare specimens from this range have short or poorly developed inflorescences.)
<location id="865A27CEFFE614646827D1874FC34295" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0B2CC003FFE714646B6ED6124AC24742:865A27CEFFE614646827D1874FC34295" box="[113,170,919,942]" municipality="Their" name="Most" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" stateProvince="Toamasina">Most</location>
specimens, including all from
<collectingRegion id="4141BFF7FFE6146469B1D1874D334294" box="[487,602,919,943]" country="Madagascar" name="Toamasina" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Toamasina</collectingRegion>
, have filaments
<quantity id="447DDCF0FFE614646827D1A74FB642F5" box="[113,223,950,975]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.0">2–3.5 mm</quantity>
long, though outlying specimens sometimes have short filaments &lt;
<quantity id="447DDCF0FFE61464697AD1C74E1342D5" box="[300,378,983,1007]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="833A7115FFE6146468C1D1E74EEB4774" blockId="5.[113,764,535,1935]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
Specimens from the remainder of the species’ range have relatively short inflorescences (
<quantity id="447DDCF0FFE614646983D6074D564515" box="[469,575,1046,1071]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" unit="cm" value="3.65" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="1.3">1.3 – 6 cm</quantity>
, rarely to
<quantity id="447DDCF0FFE614646AE3D6074D864514" box="[693,751,1047,1071]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
). Their leaves may be toothed or virtually entire, and when they are toothed, the marginal glands are usually small and nearly round; the leaves are much more likely to dry greenish to grayish brown on at least one surface. Their filaments are usually short,
<quantity id="447DDCF0FFE614646953D6A74EEE45F5" box="[261,391,1206,1231]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="0.6">0.6–1.4 mm</quantity>
, though a few specimens with filaments up to
<quantity id="447DDCF0FFE6146468AED6C74E2245D5" box="[248,331,1239,1263]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
are placed in this group because of their overall morphology. These populations are herein recognized as
<taxonomicName id="44850A96FFE6146468D9D7084DDD4414" authority="(H. Perrier) Appleq." authorityName="Appleq." baseAuthorityName="H. Perrier" box="[143,692,1301,1327]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Homalium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="axillare" subSpecies="delphinense">
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE6146468D9D7084E684414" box="[143,257,1303,1327]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">H. axillare</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE614646905D7074EA04414" box="[339,457,1303,1327]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">delphinense</emphasis>
(H. Perrier) Appleq.
</taxonomicName>
, while the variant native primarily to
<collectingRegion id="4141BFF7FFE6146469ECD7274D464474" box="[442,559,1335,1359]" country="Madagascar" name="Toamasina" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Toamasina</collectingRegion>
is treated as
<taxonomicName id="44850A96FFE614646AEDD7274FAD4454" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Homalium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="axillare" subSpecies="axillare">
subsp.
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE614646827D7474FAD4454" box="[113,196,1367,1391]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">axillare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE614646892D7474FA14454" box="[196,200,1367,1391]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">.</emphasis>
Because there is variation within as well as among subspecies in all of the potentially distinguishing characters, they are presumed not to be reproductively isolated. A group of specimens collected contemporaneously at Manongarivo
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE614646827D7C64E244736" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">(McPherson &amp; van der Werff 16356, 16379, 16381, van der Werff &amp; McPherson 13533)</emphasis>
show particularly large variation within a single population, including some characters typical of
<taxonomicName id="44850A96FFE614646827D4284E144774" authority="subsp. axillare" box="[113,381,1591,1615]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Homalium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="axillare" subSpecies="axillare">
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE614646827D4284F894774" box="[113,224,1591,1615]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">H. axillare</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE61464697BD4274E144774" box="[301,381,1591,1615]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">axillare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE614646928D4274EEB4774" box="[382,386,1591,1615]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="833A7115FFE6146468C1D4474BE240B4" blockId="5.[113,764,535,1935]" lastBlockId="5.[801,1452,279,1103]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
In northern
<collectingCountry id="FB923185FFE61464694FD4474EF14754" box="[281,408,1623,1647]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
and the province of
<collectingRegion id="4141BFF7FFE614646A38D4474D9E4754" box="[622,759,1623,1647]" country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Fianarantsoa</collectingRegion>
,
<taxonomicName id="44850A96FFE614646827D4684ECA47B4" box="[113,419,1655,1679]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Homalium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="axillare" subSpecies="delphinense">
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE614646827D4684F8847B4" box="[113,225,1655,1679]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">H. axillare</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE614646979D4674ECA47B4" box="[303,419,1655,1679]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">delphinense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
generally occurs at moderate to high altitudes in humid forest, whereas in
<collectingRegion id="4141BFF7FFE614646A7DD4874D1E4794" box="[555,631,1687,1711]" country="Madagascar" name="Toliara" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Toliara</collectingRegion>
, most populations are from littoral or low-altitude coastal forests. Most specimens from
<collectingRegion id="4141BFF7FFE614646976D4C74E0547D4" box="[288,364,1751,1775]" country="Madagascar" name="Toliara" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Toliara</collectingRegion>
have quite small, entire, pale-colored leaves, and the difference in ecological preferences might well suggest that they should be treated as a distinct subspecies. However, coastal specimens are known that have moderately large, prominently crenate, and/or brown-drying leaves, while a very small-leaved specimen from a high altitude in
<collectingRegion id="4141BFF7FFE614646ACCD5674D8C46B4" box="[666,741,1911,1935]" country="Madagascar" name="Toliara" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Toliara</collectingRegion>
is known. Since it is not possible to separate ecologically distinct groups using morphology, they have not been formally recognized. However, the likelihood of geographically correlated genetic variation should be noted.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="833A7115FFE614646B11D3874A654574" blockId="5.[801,1452,279,1103]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
<bibRefCitation id="E7140CE4FFE614646B11D3874B7D4096" author="SLEUMER, H." box="[839,1044,405,431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" pagination="239 - 328" refId="ref24928" refString="SLEUMER, H. (1973). Revision du genre Homalium Jacq. (Flacourtiacees) en Afrique (y compris Madagascar et les Mascareignes). Bull. Jard. Natl. Belg. 43: 239 - 328." type="journal article" year="1973">SLEUMER (1973)</bibRefCitation>
quoted among specimens seen “
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE614646B7DD3A74CCF40F5" box="[811,934,439,462]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Commerson</emphasis>
(P, P-LA), ‘
<taxonomicName id="44850A96FFE614646C67D3A74BC540F4" box="[1073,1196,439,463]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Blackwellia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE614646C67D3A74BC540F4" box="[1073,1196,439,463]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Blackwellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
de Madagascar’, P-JU 14407
<typeStatus id="5C3ECFB7FFE614646B33D3C74CAA40D4" box="[869,963,471,495]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="44850A96FFE614646B9CD3C74BF240D4" box="[970,1179,471,495]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Blackwellia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="axillaris">
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE614646B9CD3C74BF240D4" box="[970,1179,471,495]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Blackwellia axillaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”. Since multiple unnumbered Commerson duplicates exist that have been presumed to be part of the same gathering, this actually constitutes a lectotypification with an erroneous term used. No material corresponding to this collection is locatable in the Lamarck herbarium. There is a second sheet in the main collection in Paris [P00624058], which Sleumer labeled as the “type” of
<taxonomicName id="44850A96FFE614646B77D0A84CFC43F4" box="[801,917,695,719]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Blackwellia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="axillaris">
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE614646B77D0A84CFC43F4" box="[801,917,695,719]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">B. axillaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; this is an isolectotype. A second specimen at P [P00624059], which bears a Herb. Mus. Paris, Herbier de A.N. Desvaux label, was determined by Sleumer as a “prob[able] isotype” of
<taxonomicName id="44850A96FFE614646BC3D1084B6A4214" box="[917,1027,791,815]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Blackwellia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="axillaris">
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE614646BC3D1084B6A4214" box="[917,1027,791,815]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">B. axillaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Only the piece on the upper left of that sheet is actually
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE614646B99D1274BFE4274" box="[975,1175,823,847]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
<taxonomicName id="44850A96FFE614646B99D1274BFA4274" box="[975,1171,823,847]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Homalium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="axillare">Homalium axillare</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The remainder appears to be
<taxonomicName id="44850A96FFE614646B14D1484A684254" authority="(Boivin ex Tul.) Baill. The" authorityName="Baill. The" baseAuthorityName="Tul." box="[834,1281,853,879]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Homalium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="planiflorum">
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE614646B14D1484CB44254" box="[834,989,855,879]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">H. planiflorum</emphasis>
(Boivin ex Tul.) Baill. The
</taxonomicName>
former portion does resemble the Commerson material but there is no clear evidence that it derives from the same collection; the handwriting on the main labels is similar but does not appear to be identical. Hence that sheet is not considered here to be an isotype. There are also
<specimenCount id="9583BA9CFFE614646C42D1E74BA94534" box="[1044,1216,1015,1039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
at G that do bear the name of Commerson in their labeling (which is variable) and that have been considered to be type material.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CB9F229EFFE614646B77D6994AC24742" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="key">
<paragraph id="833A7115FFE614646B77D6994AE9459E" blockId="5.[801,1408,1161,1189]" box="[801,1408,1161,1189]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
<heading id="D872C679FFE614646B77D6994AE9459E" bold="true" box="[801,1408,1161,1189]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE614646B77D6994AE9459E" bold="true" box="[801,1408,1161,1189]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
Key to the subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="44850A96FFE614646CD3D6994AE9459E" ID-CoL="3MCH4" box="[1157,1408,1161,1189]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Homalium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="axillare">Homalium axillare</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<keyStep id="387169B0FFE614646B77D6D24AC24742" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
<paragraph id="833A7115FFE614646B77D6D24AC544A2" blockId="5.[801,1452,1216,1658]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
<keyLead id="3874D220FFE614646B77D6D24AC544A2" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
1. Leaves mostly elliptical to broadly elliptical, (2.5–)3.6– 7.5(–9.3) × 1.5– 3.8(–4.3) cm; petiole
<quantity id="447DDCF0FFE614646CBED6F24A2145C2" box="[1256,1352,1248,1274]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="4.0">4–8 mm</quantity>
; margins crenate-serrate (crenulate, subentire), with glands usually elongated in tooth apices; adaxial surface drying darker, brown (greenish), abaxial surface brown (greenish); racemes (2.6–)
<quantity id="447DDCF0FFE614646BB9D7724B344442" box="[1007,1117,1376,1402]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" metricValueMax="14.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" unit="cm" value="9.25" valueMax="14.5" valueMin="4.0">4–14.5 cm</quantity>
; filaments (1.3–)
<quantity id="447DDCF0FFE614646D58D7724AE24442" box="[1294,1419,1376,1402]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" unit="mm" value="2.8" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.1">2.1–3.5 mm</quantity>
... ......................................... 2a.
<taxonomicName id="44850A96FFE614646CCCD7924AC544A2" ID-CoL="5HYXK" authority="subsp. axillare" box="[1178,1452,1409,1434]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Homalium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="axillare" subSpecies="axillare">
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE614646CCCD7924A6444A2" bold="true" box="[1178,1293,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">H. axillare</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE614646D0DD7914AC544A2" bold="true" box="[1371,1452,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">axillare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="833A7115FFE614646B77D7B24AC24742" blockId="5.[801,1452,1216,1658]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
<keyLead id="3874D220FFE614646B77D7B24AC24742" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
1a. Leaves mostly elliptical to narrowly (broadly) elliptical, (2 –)2.5–6.5 × (0.9–)
<quantity id="447DDCF0FFE614646C45D7D24BEE44E2" box="[1043,1159,1472,1498]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" unit="cm" value="2.35" valueMax="3.6" valueMin="1.1">1.1–3.6 cm</quantity>
; petiole (1.5–)2–4(–5) mm; margins crenate-serrulate to subentire, with glands round or slightly elongated; adaxial surface drying darker, usually greenish or grayish, abaxial surface pale to medium brown (greenish); racemes
<quantity id="447DDCF0FFE614646C70D4514BEE4762" box="[1062,1159,1600,1626]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" unit="cm" value="4.75" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–8 cm</quantity>
; filaments
<quantity id="447DDCF0FFE614646CADD4524A174762" box="[1275,1406,1600,1626]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" unit="mm" value="1.6" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="0.8">0.8–2.4 mm</quantity>
..... ................................... 2b.
<taxonomicName id="44850A96FFE614646C27D4724AC24742" ID-CoL="5HYXL" box="[1137,1451,1633,1658]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Homalium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="axillare" subSpecies="delphinense">
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE614646C27D4724B8D4742" bold="true" box="[1137,1252,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">H. axillare</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B1F1AD07FFE614646D67D4714AC24742" bold="true" box="[1329,1451,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">delphinense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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