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<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7624403" ID-ZooBank="5298298F-6BCB-4D06-8D88-CF8BC6C79244" checkinTime="1675934070356" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Leschen, Richard A. B. &amp; Gimmel, Matthew L." docDate="2023" docId="03BD0D53FFC10E44A7DEFE73FAB6F846" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5239.2.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5239 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.8" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cedraderus Leschen &amp; Gimmel 2023, new genus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="299" masterDocId="FF84752BFFC00E47A749FFC5FFC5FFBE" masterDocTitle="Cedraderus, a new genus for “ Xylophilus ” constrictus Fall (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Aderidae)" masterLastPageNumber="300" masterPageNumber="296" pageNumber="297" updateTime="1676312190697" updateUser="diego" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Cedraderus, a new genus for “ Xylophilus ” constrictus Fall (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Aderidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Leschen, Richard A. B.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-8549-8933</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand. leschenr @ landcareresearch. co. nz; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8549 - 8933</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">leschenr@landcareresearch.co.nz</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Gimmel, Matthew L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-7851-5088</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, 2559 Puesta del Sol Rd, Santa Barbara, CA 93105, USA. phalacrid @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7851 - 5088</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">phalacrid@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-02-09</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>5239</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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<mods:start>296</mods:start>
<mods:end>300</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.8</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.8</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7624403</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">5298298F-6BCB-4D06-8D88-CF8BC6C79244</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD0D53FFC10E44A7DEFE73FAB6F846" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD0D53FFC10E44A7DEFE73FAB6F846" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="299" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">
<subSubSection box="[151,436,438,465]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="1.[151,436,438,501]" box="[151,436,438,465]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,436,438,465]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,436,438,465]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">
<taxonomicName authority="Leschen &amp; Gimmel, 2023" authorityName="Leschen &amp; Gimmel" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,291,438,465]" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" genus="Cedraderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="new genus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,291,438,465]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Cedraderus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[306,436,439,465]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection box="[151,288,475,501]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="1.[151,436,438,501]" box="[151,288,475,501]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">
(
<figureCitation box="[159,280,475,501]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–7" captionStart-1="FIGURES 8–10" captionStartId-0="2.[151,264,863,887]" captionStartId-1="2.[151,264,1569,1593]" captionTargetBox-0="[168,1415,184,833]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1423,1020,1545]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@2.[164,1423,179,838]" captionTargetId-1="figure-79@2.[164,1423,1020,1545]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–7. Cedraderus constrictus, male morphological structures. 1) Antenna; 2) Pronotum, dorsal aspect, arrows show subapical and antebasal sulci; 3) Setation of elytral disc; 4) Mesoventrite with mesanepisterna; 5) Abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 (arrow shows suture separating the two ventrites). Aedeagus: 6) Dorsal aspect; 7) Ventral aspect. Scale bar (for Figs. 6 and 7) = 0.10 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 8–10. Cedraderus constrictus, habitus of specimens from UC James Reserve, Riverside Co., CA. Male (SBMNHENT0055168): 8) Dorsal aspect; 9) Lateral aspect. 10) Female (SBMNHENT0054966), dorsal aspect. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624405" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624407" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7624405/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7624407/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Figs. 1–10</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,930,540,567]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1437,540,2043]" box="[151,930,540,567]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,306,540,566]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">
<typeStatus box="[151,210,540,566]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Fall 1901: 259" authorityName="Fall" authorityPageNumber="259" authorityYear="1901" box="[313,736,540,567]" class="Betaproteobacteria" genus="Xylophilus" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Burkholderiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="species" species="constrictus">
<emphasis box="[313,563,540,566]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Xylophilus constrictus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Fall, H. C." box="[570,736,540,567]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" pagination="1 - 282" refId="ref3579" refString="Fall, H. C. (1901) List of the Coleoptera of southern California, with notes on habits and distribution and descriptions of new species. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 8, 1 - 282. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 19107" type="journal article" year="1901">Fall 1901: 259</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, here designated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="297" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1437,540,2043]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,322,576,602]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leschen &amp; Gimmel" authorityYear="2023" box="[333,465,576,602]" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" genus="Cedraderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[333,465,576,602]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Cedraderus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily distinguished from other aderid genera based on the relatively soft body with uniseriate vestiture (
<figureCitation box="[441,511,612,638]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,863,887]" captionTargetBox="[168,1415,184,833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[164,1423,179,838]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Cedraderus constrictus, male morphological structures. 1) Antenna; 2) Pronotum, dorsal aspect, arrows show subapical and antebasal sulci; 3) Setation of elytral disc; 4) Mesoventrite with mesanepisterna; 5) Abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 (arrow shows suture separating the two ventrites). Aedeagus: 6) Dorsal aspect; 7) Ventral aspect. Scale bar (for Figs. 6 and 7) = 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624405" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624405/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), pronotum with deep subapical and antebasal sulci (
<figureCitation box="[1120,1191,612,638]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,863,887]" captionTargetBox="[168,1415,184,833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[164,1423,179,838]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Cedraderus constrictus, male morphological structures. 1) Antenna; 2) Pronotum, dorsal aspect, arrows show subapical and antebasal sulci; 3) Setation of elytral disc; 4) Mesoventrite with mesanepisterna; 5) Abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 (arrow shows suture separating the two ventrites). Aedeagus: 6) Dorsal aspect; 7) Ventral aspect. Scale bar (for Figs. 6 and 7) = 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624405" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624405/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
, arrows), presence of a supraepipleural groove on the elytron, the absence of a metafemoral brush in both sexes, and the linear, unlobed mesotarsus with non-nodiform tarsomere 4. The genus appears most similar to the Austral genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Broun" authorityYear="1893" box="[1290,1436,684,710]" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" genus="Scraptogetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1290,1436,684,710]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Scraptogetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Alekseev, V. I. &amp; Grzymala, T. L." box="[159,492,720,747]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" pagination="239 - 257" refId="ref3249" refString="Alekseev, V. I. &amp; Grzymala, T. L. (2015) New Aderidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) from Baltic and Bitterfeld amber. Zootaxa, 3956 (2), 239 - 257. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3956.2.5" type="journal article" year="2015">Alekseev &amp; Grzymala 2015</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Grzymala, T. L. &amp; Leschen, R. A. B." box="[509,829,720,746]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" pagination="1 - 59" refId="ref3741" refString="Grzymala, T. L., &amp; Leschen, R. A. B. (2020) Sexual dimorphism of New Zealand puppet beetles (Aderidae, Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea): systematic revision, description of three new genera, and phylogeny for Zenascus, gen. n. Zootaxa, 4889 (1), 1 - 59. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4889.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Grzymala &amp; Leschen 2020</bibRefCitation>
) with which it shares a complete suture separating abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 (
<figureCitation box="[478,546,756,783]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,863,887]" captionTargetBox="[168,1415,184,833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[164,1423,179,838]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Cedraderus constrictus, male morphological structures. 1) Antenna; 2) Pronotum, dorsal aspect, arrows show subapical and antebasal sulci; 3) Setation of elytral disc; 4) Mesoventrite with mesanepisterna; 5) Abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 (arrow shows suture separating the two ventrites). Aedeagus: 6) Dorsal aspect; 7) Ventral aspect. Scale bar (for Figs. 6 and 7) = 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624405" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624405/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
, arrow), but differs from it by the aforementioned characters.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="298" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1437,540,2043]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,1711,2026]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="298" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,792,818]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Description.</emphasis>
Total length
<quantity box="[499,667,792,819]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.705" metricValueMax="1.88" metricValueMin="1.53" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="1.705" valueMax="1.88" valueMin="1.53">1.53–1.88 mm</quantity>
. Body (
<figureCitation box="[758,881,792,818]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–10" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1569,1593]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,1020,1545]" captionTargetId="figure-79@2.[164,1423,1020,1545]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 8–10. Cedraderus constrictus, habitus of specimens from UC James Reserve, Riverside Co., CA. Male (SBMNHENT0055168): 8) Dorsal aspect; 9) Lateral aspect. 10) Female (SBMNHENT0054966), dorsal aspect. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624407/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Figs. 8–10</figureCitation>
) moderately convex. Dorsal vestiture uniseriate, each seta arising anteriad of primary puncture (
<figureCitation box="[679,748,828,854]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,863,887]" captionTargetBox="[168,1415,184,833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[164,1423,179,838]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Cedraderus constrictus, male morphological structures. 1) Antenna; 2) Pronotum, dorsal aspect, arrows show subapical and antebasal sulci; 3) Setation of elytral disc; 4) Mesoventrite with mesanepisterna; 5) Abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 (arrow shows suture separating the two ventrites). Aedeagus: 6) Dorsal aspect; 7) Ventral aspect. Scale bar (for Figs. 6 and 7) = 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624405" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624405/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Head strongly inclined; not strongly constricted posteriorly, temples absent; head in males distinctly wider than width of pronotum, in female slightly wider than pronotum. Transverse occipital ridge absent. Eyes protuberant, coarsely faceted, entire to weakly anteriorly emarginate; dimorphic, with male eyes much larger, frons about 0.9 times width of single eye in frontal view in male and about 2.5 times width of eye in female; interfacetal setae absent. Antennal insertion not produced on integumental ridge; antennomeres (
<figureCitation box="[321,384,1008,1034]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,863,887]" captionTargetBox="[168,1415,184,833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[164,1423,179,838]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Cedraderus constrictus, male morphological structures. 1) Antenna; 2) Pronotum, dorsal aspect, arrows show subapical and antebasal sulci; 3) Setation of elytral disc; 4) Mesoventrite with mesanepisterna; 5) Abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 (arrow shows suture separating the two ventrites). Aedeagus: 6) Dorsal aspect; 7) Ventral aspect. Scale bar (for Figs. 6 and 7) = 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624405" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624405/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) sexually dimorphic, longer and more filiform in males than females. Frons flat, lacking lateral sulci. Frontoclypeal suture present. Maxillary palpomere 4 triangular to securiform. Pronotum (
<figureCitation box="[1231,1299,1044,1070]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,863,887]" captionTargetBox="[168,1415,184,833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[164,1423,179,838]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Cedraderus constrictus, male morphological structures. 1) Antenna; 2) Pronotum, dorsal aspect, arrows show subapical and antebasal sulci; 3) Setation of elytral disc; 4) Mesoventrite with mesanepisterna; 5) Abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 (arrow shows suture separating the two ventrites). Aedeagus: 6) Dorsal aspect; 7) Ventral aspect. Scale bar (for Figs. 6 and 7) = 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624405" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624405/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) transverse, 0.65–0.70 times as long as wide (not sexually dimorphic), anterior and posterior angles not produced, width greater than length, sides rounded, anterior margin straight, posterior margin weakly curved, basal margin wider than apical margin; disc with deep transverse sulci posteriad of anterior margin and anteriad of posterior margin (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,863,887]" captionTargetBox="[168,1415,184,833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[164,1423,179,838]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Cedraderus constrictus, male morphological structures. 1) Antenna; 2) Pronotum, dorsal aspect, arrows show subapical and antebasal sulci; 3) Setation of elytral disc; 4) Mesoventrite with mesanepisterna; 5) Abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 (arrow shows suture separating the two ventrites). Aedeagus: 6) Dorsal aspect; 7) Ventral aspect. Scale bar (for Figs. 6 and 7) = 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624405" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624405/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
, arrows), visible in lateral view, paired fovea and impressions absent. Prosternum in front of coxae at midline equal to, or slightly longer than, procoxal cavity; prosternal process short and incomplete, apex acute. Notosternal sutures absent. Procoxal cavities slightly transverse and narrowly separated. Scutellar shield not abruptly elevated anteriorly, apically rounded. Elytra about 1.8–2.2 times as long as combined width in males, 1.6–1.9 times as long as combined width in females; elytra 4.7–5.0 times as long as pronotum in males, 4.5–4.7 times as long as pronotum in females; epipleuron absent but elytron laterally (
<figureCitation box="[720,787,1368,1394]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–10" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1569,1593]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,1020,1545]" captionTargetId="figure-79@2.[164,1423,1020,1545]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 8–10. Cedraderus constrictus, habitus of specimens from UC James Reserve, Riverside Co., CA. Male (SBMNHENT0055168): 8) Dorsal aspect; 9) Lateral aspect. 10) Female (SBMNHENT0054966), dorsal aspect. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624407/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
) with a supraepipleural groove present along entire length and extending to apical one-fifth along elytral suture. Mesoventrite (
<figureCitation box="[921,989,1404,1430]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,863,887]" captionTargetBox="[168,1415,184,833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[164,1423,179,838]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Cedraderus constrictus, male morphological structures. 1) Antenna; 2) Pronotum, dorsal aspect, arrows show subapical and antebasal sulci; 3) Setation of elytral disc; 4) Mesoventrite with mesanepisterna; 5) Abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 (arrow shows suture separating the two ventrites). Aedeagus: 6) Dorsal aspect; 7) Ventral aspect. Scale bar (for Figs. 6 and 7) = 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624405" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624405/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) with procoxal rests, intercoxal process narrow, lacking anterior notch; suture between mesoventrite and mesanepisternum distinct. Mesocoxal cavities narrowly separated. Mesometaventral junction simple, lacking interlocking mechanism. Metaventrite without deep punctures; metathoracic discrimen distinct, long; exposed portion of metanepisternum long. Metendosternite with long lateral arms; anterior processes absent; laminae present, well-developed. Hind wing without radial cell; medial field consisting of 2 free veins. Metacoxae narrowly separated. Legs lacking sexual dimorphism, metafemora lacking setal brush in both sexes; protarsus slightly shorter than protibia, T1 shorter than T2 + T3, T4 slightly shorter than one-half the length of T3 and one-third the length of T5; mesotarsus slightly shorter than mesotibia, T1 = T2 + T3, T4 slightly less than one-half length of T3, T5 subequal to T3 + T4; metatarsus about as long as metatibia, T1 = T2 + T5, T2 longer than T3, T3 shorter than T2 and T4; tarsomeres very weakly lobed; empodial setae absent. Abdominal ventrites of equal lengths; intercoxal process acute; complete suture separating ventrites 1 and 2 (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,863,887]" captionTargetBox="[168,1415,184,833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[164,1423,179,838]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Cedraderus constrictus, male morphological structures. 1) Antenna; 2) Pronotum, dorsal aspect, arrows show subapical and antebasal sulci; 3) Setation of elytral disc; 4) Mesoventrite with mesanepisterna; 5) Abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 (arrow shows suture separating the two ventrites). Aedeagus: 6) Dorsal aspect; 7) Ventral aspect. Scale bar (for Figs. 6 and 7) = 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624405" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624405/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
, arrow), externally distinctly furrowed laterally and present as a line at middle, internally demarcated as a carina at the sides, positioned anterior to the external furrow; ventrite 5 of female unmodified. Aedeagus (
<figureCitation box="[1264,1371,1836,1862]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,863,887]" captionTargetBox="[168,1415,184,833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[164,1423,179,838]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Cedraderus constrictus, male morphological structures. 1) Antenna; 2) Pronotum, dorsal aspect, arrows show subapical and antebasal sulci; 3) Setation of elytral disc; 4) Mesoventrite with mesanepisterna; 5) Abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 (arrow shows suture separating the two ventrites). Aedeagus: 6) Dorsal aspect; 7) Ventral aspect. Scale bar (for Figs. 6 and 7) = 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624405" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624405/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Figs. 6, 7</figureCitation>
) with phallobase and apicale distinctly indicated; phallobase posteriorly obtusely pointed; apicale with alae (proximal extensions) curved inward, well-developed accessory lobes present, each with three short setae along the shaft and one long apical seta; penis about as long as tegmen, with short, asymmetrical anterior struts, apex acute. Female with spiculum ventrale forked at base and about as long as abdominal ventrites 4 and 5 combined; spermatheca narrow, long and sinuate, expanded at base and arising from bursa. Ovipositor moderately long; coxites subdivided with disticoxite pigmented and separated from basicoxite by an oblique suture, about one-fifth length of entire coxite, with mediodistal projection; styli distally placed, articulated to coxites.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624405" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7624405" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624405/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" startId="2.[151,264,863,887]" targetBox="[168,1415,184,833]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1437,863,996]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,315,863,887]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">FIGURES 1–7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leschen &amp; Gimmel" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Fall" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[322,559,864,888]" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" genus="Cedraderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="constrictus">
<emphasis box="[322,559,864,888]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">Cedraderus constrictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male morphological structures. 1) Antenna; 2) Pronotum, dorsal aspect, arrows show subapical and antebasal sulci; 3) Setation of elytral disc; 4) Mesoventrite with mesanepisterna; 5) Abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 (arrow shows suture separating the two ventrites). Aedeagus: 6) Dorsal aspect; 7) Ventral aspect. Scale bar (for Figs. 6 and 7) = 0.10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624407" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7624407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624407/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" startId="2.[151,264,1569,1593]" targetBox="[164,1423,1020,1545]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1436,1569,1665]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,336,1569,1593]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">FIGURES 8–10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leschen &amp; Gimmel" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Fall" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[351,597,1569,1593]" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" genus="Cedraderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="constrictus">
<emphasis box="[351,597,1569,1593]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">Cedraderus constrictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, habitus of specimens from UC James Reserve, Riverside Co., CA. Male (SBMNHENT0055168): 8) Dorsal aspect; 9) Lateral aspect. 10) Female (SBMNHENT0054966), dorsal aspect. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="298" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1437,1711,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,334,1783,1809]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">Etymology.</emphasis>
The generic name is derived from a combination of the Latin
<taxonomicName box="[1027,1102,1783,1809]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cedrus">
<emphasis box="[1027,1102,1783,1809]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">cedrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, meaning juniper, referring to the only recorded microhabitat data for the genus, and the generic name
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1829" box="[962,1041,1819,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" genus="Aderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[962,1041,1819,1845]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">Aderus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="298" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1437,1711,2026]" box="[199,1264,1855,1881]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,353,1855,1881]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry box="[359,510,1855,1881]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">United States</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion box="[524,616,1855,1881]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">Arizona</collectingRegion>
[
<bibRefCitation author="Chandler, D. S." box="[629,803,1855,1881]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" pagination="1927" refId="ref3501" refString="Chandler, D. S. (2002) 118. Aderidae Winkler 1927. In: Arnett, R. H. Jr., Thomas, M. C., Skelley, P. E. &amp; Frank, J. H. (Eds.), American Beetles. Vol. 2. Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 559 - 563." type="book chapter" year="2002">Chandler 2002</bibRefCitation>
],
<collectingRegion box="[821,935,1855,1881]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">California</collectingRegion>
[
<bibRefCitation author="Fall, H. C." box="[948,1061,1855,1881]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" pagination="1 - 282" refId="ref3579" refString="Fall, H. C. (1901) List of the Coleoptera of southern California, with notes on habits and distribution and descriptions of new species. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 8, 1 - 282. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 19107" type="journal article" year="1901">Fall 1901</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Chandler, D. S." box="[1073,1245,1855,1881]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" pagination="1927" refId="ref3501" refString="Chandler, D. S. (2002) 118. Aderidae Winkler 1927. In: Arnett, R. H. Jr., Thomas, M. C., Skelley, P. E. &amp; Frank, J. H. (Eds.), American Beetles. Vol. 2. Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 559 - 563." type="book chapter" year="2002">Chandler 2002</bibRefCitation>
]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1437,1711,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,676,1891,1917]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">
Specimens examined.
<collectingCountry box="[463,523,1891,1917]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion box="[535,672,1891,1917]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">ARIZONA</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Yavapai Co. (1).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[877,1067,1891,1917]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">
<collectingRegion box="[877,1062,1891,1917]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">CALIFORNIA</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Kern Co. (22); Los Angeles Co. (4); Mono Co. (2); Riverside Co. (14); Tulare Co. (1); San Bernardino Co. (19); San Luis Obispo Co. (3); Ventura Co. (19) (ASUHIC, NZAC, SBMNH).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1437,1711,2026]" box="[199,1035,1999,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,402,1999,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">Included species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="(Fall, 1910)" authorityName="Leschen &amp; Gimmel" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Fall" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[408,812,1999,2025]" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" genus="Cedraderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="constrictus" status="new combination">
<emphasis box="[408,671,1999,2025]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">Cedraderus constrictus</emphasis>
(Fall, 1910)
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis bold="true" box="[824,1028,1999,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[824,1028,1999,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="299" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,150,987]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,534,150,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">Comments on classification.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fall" authorityYear="1901" box="[543,793,151,177]" class="Betaproteobacteria" genus="Xylophilus" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Burkholderiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="species" species="constrictus">
<emphasis box="[543,793,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">Xylophilus constrictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described by
<bibRefCitation author="Fall, H. C." box="[1007,1192,150,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" pagination="1 - 282" refId="ref3579" refString="Fall, H. C. (1901) List of the Coleoptera of southern California, with notes on habits and distribution and descriptions of new species. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 8, 1 - 282. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 19107" type="journal article" year="1901">Fall (1901: 259)</bibRefCitation>
based on Californian specimens collected in the Sierra Madre in Los Angeles County and around Lake Tahoe.
<bibRefCitation author="Fall, H. C." box="[1161,1286,186,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" pagination="1 - 282" refId="ref3579" refString="Fall, H. C. (1901) List of the Coleoptera of southern California, with notes on habits and distribution and descriptions of new species. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 8, 1 - 282. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 19107" type="journal article" year="1901">Fall (1901)</bibRefCitation>
remarked on the peculiarity of the pronotum having a transverse sulcus just behind the head and a shallower sulcus along the basal margin. He did not place this species into any of
<bibRefCitation author="Casey, T. L." box="[752,918,256,283]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" pagination="435 - 838" refId="ref3453" refString="Casey, T. L. (1895) Coleopterological notices. VI. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 8, 435 - 838. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1749 - 6632.1894. tb 55429. x" type="journal article" year="1895">Casey’s (1895)</bibRefCitation>
American aderid genera.
<bibRefCitation author="Leng, C. W." box="[1202,1339,256,283]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" refId="ref3941" refString="Leng, C. W. (1920) Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America, North of Mexico. John D. Sherman, Jr., Mount Vernon, New York, x + 470 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8777" type="book" year="1920">Leng (1920)</bibRefCitation>
listed
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fall" authorityYear="1901" class="Betaproteobacteria" genus="Xylophilus" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Burkholderiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="species" species="constrictus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">X. constrictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
questionably under
<taxonomicName authority="Casey" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1895" box="[493,698,291,318]" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" genus="Axylophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[493,624,291,317]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">Axylophilus</emphasis>
Casey
</taxonomicName>
, but this genus differs from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leschen &amp; Gimmel" authorityYear="2023" box="[997,1128,291,317]" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" genus="Cedraderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[997,1128,291,317]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">Cedraderus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the diagnostic characters above, including complete lack of pronotal sulci and complete fusion of ventrites 1 and 2 and lack of a suture.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,150,987]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">
The current classifications established by
<bibRefCitation author="Baguena-Corella, L." box="[698,969,362,388]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" refId="ref3301" refString="Baguena-Corella, L. (1948) Estudio sobre los Aderidae (Coleopteros heteromeros), Xylophilidae, Hylophilidae sive Euglenidae. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Instituto de Estudios Africanos, Madrid, 547 pp." type="book" year="1948">Báguena-Corella (1948</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Baguena-Corella, L." box="[986,1043,362,388]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" refId="ref3339" refString="Baguena-Corella, L. (1962) Exploration du Parc National de la Garamba - Mission H. De Saeger, Fascicule 26, Aderidae (Coleoptera Heteromeroidea). Institut des Parcs Nationaux du Congo et du Ruanda-Urundi, Brussels, 135 pp." type="book" year="1962">1962</bibRefCitation>
) and
<bibRefCitation author="Werner, F. G." box="[1117,1286,362,388]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" pagination="187 - 232" refId="ref4151" refString="Werner, F. G. (1990) Revision of the Aderidae of eastern North America. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 98, 187 - 232." type="journal article" year="1990">Werner (1990)</bibRefCitation>
for regional faunas require critical revision (
<bibRefCitation author="Lawrence, J. F. &amp; Slipinski, A." box="[516,839,397,425]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" pagination="1927" refId="ref3842" refString="Lawrence, J. F. &amp; Slipinski, A. (2010) 11.27. Aderidae Winkler, 1927. In: Leschen, R. A. B., Beutel, R. G. &amp; Lawrence, J. F. (Eds.), Handbook of Zoology, Coleoptera, Beetles. Vol. 2. Morphology and Systematics (Elateroidea, Bostrichiformia, Cucujiformia partim). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin and New York, pp. 741 - 746. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783110911213.741" type="book chapter" year="2010">Lawrence &amp; Ślipiński 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation author="Werner, F. G." box="[859,1024,397,424]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" pagination="187 - 232" refId="ref4151" refString="Werner, F. G. (1990) Revision of the Aderidae of eastern North America. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 98, 187 - 232." type="journal article" year="1990">Werner (1990)</bibRefCitation>
divided Nearctic
<taxonomicName box="[1229,1332,397,423]" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aderidae</taxonomicName>
into two unnamed subfamilies based on the presence or absence of accessory lobes (referred to as “parameres”), Subfamily I and Subfamily II, respectively.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leschen &amp; Gimmel" authorityYear="2023" box="[530,662,467,493]" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" genus="Cedraderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[530,662,467,493]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">Cedraderus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been proposed as a relative of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Broun" authorityYear="1893" box="[1072,1218,468,494]" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" genus="Scraptogetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1072,1218,468,494]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">Scraptogetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1893" box="[1278,1364,468,494]" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" genus="Cnopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1278,1364,468,494]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">Cnopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on unpublished molecular data (
<bibRefCitation author="Alekseev, V. I. &amp; Grzymala, T. L." box="[513,834,502,529]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" pagination="239 - 257" refId="ref3249" refString="Alekseev, V. I. &amp; Grzymala, T. L. (2015) New Aderidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) from Baltic and Bitterfeld amber. Zootaxa, 3956 (2), 239 - 257. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3956.2.5" type="journal article" year="2015">Alekseev &amp; Grzymala 2015</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Grzymala, T. L. &amp; Leschen, R. A. B." box="[846,1174,503,529]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" pagination="1 - 59" refId="ref3741" refString="Grzymala, T. L., &amp; Leschen, R. A. B. (2020) Sexual dimorphism of New Zealand puppet beetles (Aderidae, Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea): systematic revision, description of three new genera, and phylogeny for Zenascus, gen. n. Zootaxa, 4889 (1), 1 - 59. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4889.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Grzymala and Leschen 2020</bibRefCitation>
), and all three have the accessory lobes present. Furthermore,
<bibRefCitation author="Werner, F. G." box="[572,733,538,564]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" pagination="187 - 232" refId="ref4151" refString="Werner, F. G. (1990) Revision of the Aderidae of eastern North America. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 98, 187 - 232." type="journal article" year="1990">Werner (1990)</bibRefCitation>
proposed two unnamed tribes within each subfamily, and within Subfamily I, based on the absence and presence of setal brushes on the metafemora in both sexes,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Broun" authorityYear="1893" box="[1243,1389,573,599]" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" genus="Scraptogetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1243,1389,573,599]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">Scraptogetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leschen &amp; Gimmel" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,283,608,634]" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" genus="Cedraderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[151,283,608,634]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">Cedraderus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would be placed separately (brushes are present in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Broun" authorityYear="1893" box="[868,1014,609,635]" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" genus="Scraptogetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[868,1014,609,635]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">Scraptogetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Phylogenetic relationships between
<taxonomicName authorityName="Broun" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,297,644,670]" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" genus="Scraptogetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[151,297,644,670]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">Scraptogetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leschen &amp; Gimmel" authorityYear="2023" box="[360,492,643,669]" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" genus="Cedraderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[360,492,643,669]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">Cedraderus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and their relationships to other
<taxonomicName box="[871,974,643,669]" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aderidae</taxonomicName>
are confounded by symplesiomorphies, which includes the metendosternite with well-developed laminae and a complete suture between abdominal ventrites 1 and 2, a character that is present in Eocene and Mesozoic fossils (
<bibRefCitation author="Alekseev, V. I. &amp; Grzymala, T. L." box="[1028,1350,714,741]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" pagination="239 - 257" refId="ref3249" refString="Alekseev, V. I. &amp; Grzymala, T. L. (2015) New Aderidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) from Baltic and Bitterfeld amber. Zootaxa, 3956 (2), 239 - 257. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3956.2.5" type="journal article" year="2015">Alekseev &amp; Grzymala 2015</bibRefCitation>
; Bao
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">et al.</emphasis>
2020). On the other hand, potential features defining family groups, such as the loss of accessory lobes and the presence of metafemoral brushes, will have to be critically examined for the family as a whole, because some of these characteristics, like the presence/absence of accessory lobes in
<bibRefCitation author="Werner, F. G." box="[915,1098,820,846]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" pagination="187 - 232" refId="ref4151" refString="Werner, F. G. (1990) Revision of the Aderidae of eastern North America. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 98, 187 - 232." type="journal article" year="1990">Werner’s (1990)</bibRefCitation>
classification, and the form of vestiture in
<bibRefCitation author="Baguena-Corella, L." box="[283,573,855,881]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" refId="ref3339" refString="Baguena-Corella, L. (1962) Exploration du Parc National de la Garamba - Mission H. De Saeger, Fascicule 26, Aderidae (Coleoptera Heteromeroidea). Institut des Parcs Nationaux du Congo et du Ruanda-Urundi, Brussels, 135 pp." type="book" year="1962">Báguena-Corella’s (1962)</bibRefCitation>
classification, can be polymorphic within a genus (
<bibRefCitation author="Israelson, G." box="[1149,1319,855,881]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" pagination="109 - 122" refId="ref3816" refString="Israelson, G. (1971) On the Aderidae of the Canary Islands (Coleoptera). Eos, 46, 109 - 122." type="journal article" year="1971">Israelson 1971</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,150,987]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">
Accounting for the most recent work by
<bibRefCitation author="Gompel, N." box="[654,820,890,916]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" pagination="533 - 545" refId="ref3637" refString="Gompel, N. (2017) A review of North American Elonus species, with description of E. gruberi n. sp. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Aderidae). Zootaxa, 4338 (3), 533 - 545. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4338.3.8" type="journal article" year="2017">Gompel (2017</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Gompel, N." box="[831,891,890,916]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" pagination="243 - 267" refId="ref3693" refString="Gompel, N. (2022) The genus Syzeton Blackburn, 1891 (Coleoptera, Aderidae) in the United States of America. Zootaxa, 5162 (3), 243 - 267. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5162.3.3" type="journal article" year="2022">2022</bibRefCitation>
), the North American fauna of
<taxonomicName box="[1238,1341,890,916]" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aderidae</taxonomicName>
consists of 11 described genera and 50 species. The key to the North American genera provided by
<bibRefCitation author="Chandler, D. S." box="[1169,1356,925,951]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" pagination="1927" refId="ref3501" refString="Chandler, D. S. (2002) 118. Aderidae Winkler 1927. In: Arnett, R. H. Jr., Thomas, M. C., Skelley, P. E. &amp; Frank, J. H. (Eds.), American Beetles. Vol. 2. Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 559 - 563." type="book chapter" year="2002">Chandler (2002)</bibRefCitation>
, which did not account for
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fall" authorityYear="1901" box="[370,525,962,987]" class="Betaproteobacteria" genus="Xylophilus" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Burkholderiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="species" species="constrictus">
<emphasis box="[370,525,962,987]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">X. constrictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is revised as follows:
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,1024,1222]" box="[151,1436,1024,1046]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">1. Pronotum with a transverse antebasal sulcus or deep impression............................................... 1a</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,1024,1222]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">
- Pronotum without a transverse antebasal sulcus or deep impression; an impression, if present, is shallow and not distinct laterally............................................................... 2 [remainder of key in
<bibRefCitation author="Chandler, D. S." box="[1286,1431,1083,1105]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" pagination="1927" refId="ref3501" refString="Chandler, D. S. (2002) 118. Aderidae Winkler 1927. In: Arnett, R. H. Jr., Thomas, M. C., Skelley, P. E. &amp; Frank, J. H. (Eds.), American Beetles. Vol. 2. Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 559 - 563." type="book chapter" year="2002">Chandler 2002</bibRefCitation>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,1024,1222]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">
1a. Pronotum with deep subapical and antebasal sulci extending to lateral margin; head with frontoclypeal suture; metafemur lacking setal brush; abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 connate but separated by a complete suture.......
<taxonomicName authority="Leschen &amp; Gimmel, 2023" authorityName="Leschen &amp; Gimmel" authorityYear="2023" box="[1205,1318,1142,1163]" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" genus="Cedraderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="new genus">
<emphasis box="[1205,1318,1142,1163]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">Cedraderus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1330,1437,1142,1163]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1330,1437,1142,1163]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,1024,1222]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">
- Pronotum with a deep depression in posterior one-third, punctiform laterally; head without frontoclypeal suture; metafemur with setal brush; abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 completely fused and lacking a suture..................
<taxonomicName authority="Champion" authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1893" box="[1257,1436,1200,1222]" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" genus="Cnopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1257,1330,1201,1222]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">Cnopus</emphasis>
Champion
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="299" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,1263,2041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,319,1263,1289]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">Variation.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leschen &amp; Gimmel" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Fall" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[327,590,1263,1289]" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" genus="Cedraderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="constrictus">
<emphasis box="[327,590,1263,1289]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">Cedraderus constrictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a variable species which is found from
<collectingMunicipality box="[1071,1172,1263,1289]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">Northern</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingRegion box="[1180,1294,1263,1289]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">California</collectingRegion>
(Trinity and Plumas Counties, https://bugguide.net/node/view/492693) southward to
<collectingCounty box="[987,1227,1299,1325]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">Los Angeles County</collectingCounty>
, then eastward to
<collectingRegion box="[151,241,1335,1361]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">Arizona</collectingRegion>
in
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD0D53FFC10E44A7DEFE73FAB6F846:8ECBEA9EFFC30E44A65DFAF2FE0FFAEF" box="[276,458,1335,1361]" county="Los Angeles County" municipality="Northern" name="Yavapai County" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" stateProvince="California">Yavapai County</location>
. The overall color varies from dark to light brown, usually with the head dark brown to black and the underparts darker, and rarely entirely unicolorous brown.
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD0D53FFC10E44A7DEFE73FAB6F846:8ECBEA9EFFC30E44A4F5FA9FFC2DFACA" box="[956,1000,1370,1396]" county="Los Angeles County" municipality="Northern" name="The" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" stateProvince="California">The</location>
shape of maxillary palpomere 4 varies from widely triangular to securiform, and within a series the shape varies between males and females (Kern and San Luis Obispo counties) or are similar (Riverside and Ventura counties).
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD0D53FFC10E44A7DEFE73FAB6F846:8ECBEA9EFFC30E44A4ABFA67FBCBFA02" box="[994,1038,1442,1468]" county="Los Angeles County" municipality="Northern" name="The" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" stateProvince="California">The</location>
sexes are dimorphic, with the male eyes larger and elytra being longer and narrower than those of females.
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD0D53FFC10E44A7DEFE73FAB6F846:8ECBEA9EFFC30E44A493FA03FBC3FA5E" box="[986,1030,1478,1504]" county="Los Angeles County" municipality="Northern" name="The" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" stateProvince="California">The</location>
shape of the male antenna is more slender than in the female, and in most specimens antennomeres 3–7 are conical and more or less equal in length to antennomere 11, with antennomeres 8 and 9 distinctly shorter. A unicolorous dark brown specimen from
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD0D53FFC10E44A7DEFE73FAB6F846:8ECBEA9EFFC30E44A270F9C8FE84F9F5" county="Los Angeles County" municipality="Northern" name="San Luis Obispo County" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" stateProvince="California">San Luis Obispo County</location>
(
<collectionCode box="[335,438,1585,1611]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34834" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34834" name="Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" type="Museum">SBMNH</collectionCode>
) has antennomeres 3–11 elongate and subcylindrical in shape.
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD0D53FFC10E44A7DEFE73FAB6F846:8ECBEA9EFFC30E44A33DF9F4FB28F9F5" box="[1140,1261,1585,1611]" county="Los Angeles County" municipality="Northern" name="Specimens" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" stateProvince="California">Specimens</location>
from
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD0D53FFC10E44A7DEFE73FAB6F846:8ECBEA9EFFC30E44A278F9F4FF2CF9D1" county="Los Angeles County" municipality="Northern" name="Riverside County" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" stateProvince="California">Riverside County</location>
all seem to fall between this variation, and the
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD0D53FFC10E44A7DEFE73FAB6F846:8ECBEA9EFFC30E44A5B4F991FC45F9D0" box="[765,896,1620,1646]" county="Los Angeles County" municipality="Northern" name="Lake Tahoe" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" stateProvince="California">Lake Tahoe</location>
<typeStatus box="[903,990,1621,1647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">syntype</typeStatus>
has antennomeres 7–10 slightly shorter than the specimens we have examined (https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/
<collectionCode box="[1048,1112,1656,1682]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" type="Museum">MCZ</collectionCode>
:Ent:24336). A more detailed study of this variation may reveal a complex of species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="299" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,1263,2041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,295,1727,1753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">Biology.</emphasis>
Virtually nothing is known about the natural history of this species. Most specimens were collected in July without habitat data, though a few specimens were collected at lights, including one from Plumas Co. posted on BugGuide (https://bugguide.net/node/view/2028842). One dissected female from San Bernardino Co. had a gut containing undifferentiated matter. A series of
<specimenCount box="[727,896,1835,1861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" type="generic">five specimens</specimenCount>
was collected from
<taxonomicName authority="Carr." authorityName="Carr." box="[1130,1437,1835,1861]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="californica">
<emphasis box="[1130,1372,1835,1861]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">Juniperus californica</emphasis>
Carr.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName box="[159,315,1871,1897]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cupressaceae</taxonomicName>
) during early June (
<collectingCountry box="[538,599,1871,1897]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">USA</collectingCountry>
: Riverside Co., along CA-
<quantity box="[896,953,1871,1897]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8796" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" unit="in" value="74.0">74 in</quantity>
Piñon Flats, 33.58295°,–116.45486°,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.23" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" unit="m" value="1230.0">1230 m</quantity>
,
<date box="[188,329,1906,1933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" value="2015-06-06">6 June 2015</date>
, ex
<taxonomicName authority=", M. Gimmel &amp; L. Indruchova" authorityName="M. Gimmel &amp; L. Indruchova" box="[376,966,1906,1933]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="californica">
<emphasis box="[376,617,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">Juniperus californica</emphasis>
, M. Gimmel &amp; L. Indruchová
</taxonomicName>
), and
<specimenCount box="[1035,1202,1906,1933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
were collected from
<taxonomicName box="[151,245,1943,1969]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[151,245,1943,1969]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" box="[261,369,1942,1968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
) (1,
<collectingCountry box="[423,483,1942,1968]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">USA</collectingCountry>
: CA: Los Angeles Co., near Grassy Hollow Visitor Center, 34.37363°,–117.71875°,
<quantity box="[151,237,1978,2004]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.23" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" unit="m" value="2230.0">2230 m</quantity>
,
<date box="[248,393,1978,2004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" value="2017-07-22">22 July 2017</date>
, M. &amp; L. Gimmel, ML222; 1,
<collectingCountry box="[728,788,1978,2004]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">USA</collectingCountry>
: CA: Los Angeles Co., along Big Pines Road, 34.42311°,– 117.80209°
<quantity box="[287,374,2014,2041]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" unit="m" value="1450.0">1450 m</quantity>
,
<date box="[386,538,2014,2040]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" value="2018-06-19">19 June 2018</date>
, M. Gimmel &amp; R. Kundrata, ML292) (all specimens deposited in SBMNH).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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