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<mods:title id="E2021121563B7654802312402D05D99B">One hundred eighteen taxonomic changes among Xyleborine ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="3975A2E741B04C026895A7FB87D84E9E">Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, 243 Natural Science Bldg., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. smith 462 @ msu. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5173 - 3736</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="DC8C7E46B3C3B8414B271413F16BCFEA">161 / 2 Mu 5, Soi Wat Pranon, T. Donkaew, A. Maerim, Chiangmai 50180, Thailand.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="67869E36542C8B83935AA64C80300053">Sittichaya, Wisut</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="516BC56666C208D6557053A942126FDE">Agricultural Innovation and Management Division, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand. wanakorn 62 @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6200 - 1285 &amp; Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, 243 Natural Science Bldg., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. cognato @ msu. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6436 - 2447</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C184D5C325CFFB369D9066F6C9CF9E1" ID-CoL="8HRXN" authority="Hopkins, 1915" authorityName="Hopkins" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,484,1554,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Terminalinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEACD325CFFB369D9066F6C4AF9E0" bold="true" box="[151,306,1554,1581]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Terminalinus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B2E325CFFB36877066F6C9CF9E1" author="Hopkins, A. D." box="[313,484,1554,1580]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" refId="ref15810" refString="Hopkins, A. D. (1915) Classification of the Cryphalinae with descriptions of new genera and species. United States Department of Agriculture, Report No. 99. Government Printing Office, Washington, 75 pp, 4 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65905" type="book" year="1915">Hopkins, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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stat. res.
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<taxonomicName id="4C184D5C325CFFB369D9064A6F7CF99C" ID-CoL="8HRXN" authority="Hopkins, 1915: 57" authorityName="Hopkins" authorityPageNumber="57" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,516,1590,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Terminalinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEACD325CFFB369D9064A6C52F99C" box="[151,298,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Terminalinus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B2E325CFFB3687F064A6F7CF99C" author="Hopkins, A. D." box="[305,516,1590,1617]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" refId="ref15810" refString="Hopkins, A. D. (1915) Classification of the Cryphalinae with descriptions of new genera and species. United States Department of Agriculture, Report No. 99. Government Printing Office, Washington, 75 pp, 4 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65905" type="book" year="1915">Hopkins, 1915: 57</bibRefCitation>
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.
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species. 
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<emphasis id="B96CEACD325CFFB3687B06266F37F9B8" box="[309,591,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Terminalinus terminaliae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B2E325CFFB36B1806266F86F9B8" author="Hopkins, A. D." box="[598,766,1626,1653]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" refId="ref15810" refString="Hopkins, A. D. (1915) Classification of the Cryphalinae with descriptions of new genera and species. United States Department of Agriculture, Report No. 99. Government Printing Office, Washington, 75 pp, 4 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65905" type="book" year="1915">Hopkins, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="B96CEACD325CFFB369D906026C68F954" box="[151,272,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Fortiborus</emphasis>
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. 
<emphasis id="B96CEACD325CFFB36B1C06026FC1F954" bold="true" box="[594,697,1663,1689]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">syn. nov.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54A3887D325CFFB369D906DE6DB7F970" box="[151,207,1699,1725]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Type</typeStatus>
species. 
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<emphasis id="B96CEACD325CFFB3687B06DE6C88F971" box="[309,496,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Xyleborus major</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B2E325CFFB368B906DE6FDCF970" author="Stebbing, E. P." box="[503,676,1699,1725]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" pagination="13 - 32" refId="ref19066" refString="Stebbing, E. P. (1909) On some undescribed Scolytidae of economic importance from the Indian Region, II. Indian Forest Memoirs, 1, 13 - 32." type="journal article" year="1909">Stebbing, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B96CEACD325CFFB369D906BA6C73F92C" bold="true" box="[151,267,1735,1761]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B2E325CFFB3685C06BA6CBBF92C" author="Hopkins, A. D." box="[274,451,1734,1761]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" refId="ref15810" refString="Hopkins, A. D. (1915) Classification of the Cryphalinae with descriptions of new genera and species. United States Department of Agriculture, Report No. 99. Government Printing Office, Washington, 75 pp, 4 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65905" type="book" year="1915">Hopkins (1915)</bibRefCitation>
erected 
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<emphasis id="B96CEACD325CFFB36B6C06BA6FCDF92C" box="[546,693,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Terminalinus</emphasis>
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for two Philippine species described from singleton specimens, 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D5C325CFFB36CC606BA6C3FF8C8" authorityName="Hopkins" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Terminalinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminaliae">
<emphasis id="B96CEACD325CFFB36CC606BA6C3FF8C8" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">T. terminaliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
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<emphasis id="B96CEACD325CFFB368CF06966F52F8C8" box="[385,554,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">T. dipterocarpi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B2E325CFFB36B7C06966FA4F8C8" author="Hopkins, A. D." box="[562,732,1770,1797]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" refId="ref15810" refString="Hopkins, A. D. (1915) Classification of the Cryphalinae with descriptions of new genera and species. United States Department of Agriculture, Report No. 99. Government Printing Office, Washington, 75 pp, 4 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65905" type="book" year="1915">Hopkins, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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, and defined his genus as having a 5-segmented funicle; club wider than long, anterior face with two bisinuate sutures, posterior face with one procurved suture; eyes large, coarse, elliptical, acutely emarginate. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B2E325CFFB36B24074E6E35F880" author="Schedl, K. E." box="[618,845,1842,1869]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" pagination="158 - 164" refId="ref17522" refString="Schedl, K. E. (1952 b) Zur synonymie der Borkenkafer I. 121. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Entomologische Blatter, 47 / 48, 158 - 164." type="journal article" year="1952">Schedl (1952b: 162)</bibRefCitation>
examined a severely damaged specimen and a single elytron of purported 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D5C325CFFB368FD072A6F29F8BC" authorityName="Hopkins" authorityYear="1915" box="[435,593,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Terminalinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminaliae">
<emphasis id="B96CEACD325CFFB368FD072A6F29F8BC" box="[435,593,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">T. terminaliae</emphasis>
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specimens but did not state how this species was identified. Based on his observations, he placed the genus in synonymy with 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D5C325CFFB36A500706693BF858" authority="Eichhoff, 1864" authorityName="Eichhoff" authorityYear="1864" box="[798,1091,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEACD325CFFB36A5007066EE8F858" box="[798,912,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Xyleborus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B2E325CFFB36AD60706693BF858" author="Eichhoff, W. J." box="[920,1091,1915,1941]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" pagination="17 - 46" refId="ref15611" refString="Eichhoff, W. J. (1864) Uber die Mundtheile und die Fuhlerbildung der europaischen Xylophagi sens strict. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 8, 17 - 46." type="journal article" year="1864">Eichhoff, 1864</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Later in a paper on American 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D5C325CFFB3698807E26F62F874" authority=", Wood (1986: 267)" authorityName="Wood" authorityPageNumber="267" authorityYear="1986" box="[198,538,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Scolytidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Scolytidae, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B2E325CFFB3680507E26F62F874" author="Wood, S. L." box="[331,538,1951,1977]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" pagination="265 - 273" refId="ref19308" refString="Wood, S. L. (1986) New synonymy and new species of American bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), Part XI. The Great Basin Naturalist, 46, 265 - 273." type="journal article" year="1986">Wood (1986: 267)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
examined the 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D5C325CFFB36B8C07E26E18F874" authorityName="Hopkins" authorityYear="1915" box="[706,864,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Terminalinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminaliae">
<emphasis id="B96CEACD325CFFB36B8C07E26E18F874" box="[706,864,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">T. terminaliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54A3887D325CFFB36A2607E26EB5F874" box="[872,973,1951,1977]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, compared it to species in his collection, concluded the genus was valid, and included an additional nine species (many treated below). In their catalog of the world fauna, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B2E3243FFAC68CB00EA6FFEFF7C" author="Wood, S. L. &amp; Bright, D. E." box="[389,646,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" pagination="1 - 1553" refId="ref19430" refString="Wood, S. L. &amp; Bright, D. E. (1992) A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic index. The Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs, 13, 1 - 1553." type="journal article" year="1992">Wood &amp; Bright (1992)</bibRefCitation>
omitted 
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B2E3243FFAC6BA500EA6EEAFF7C" author="Wood, S. L." box="[747,914,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" pagination="265 - 273" refId="ref19308" refString="Wood, S. L. (1986) New synonymy and new species of American bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), Part XI. The Great Basin Naturalist, 46, 265 - 273." type="journal article" year="1986">Wood’s (1986)</bibRefCitation>
recognition of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D5C3243FFAC6D0E00EA69ABFF7C" authorityName="Hopkins" authorityYear="1915" box="[1088,1235,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Terminalinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEACD3243FFAC6D0E00EA69ABFF7C" box="[1088,1235,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Terminalinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and references of these combinations, and the included species were moved to 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D5C3243FFAC6A3800C66967FF18" authorityName="Hagedorn" authorityYear="1912" box="[886,1055,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cyclorhipidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEACD3243FFAC6A3800C66967FF18" box="[886,1055,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Cyclorhipidion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D5C3243FFAC6D1900C669B1FF18" authorityName="Eichhoff" authorityYear="1864" box="[1111,1225,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEACD3243FFAC6D1900C669B1FF18" box="[1111,1225,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Xyleborus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
without comment. Likely due to this catalog omission, and 
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B2E3243FFAC6BEE00A26E32FF34" author="Wood, S. L." box="[672,842,223,249]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" pagination="265 - 273" refId="ref19308" refString="Wood, S. L. (1986) New synonymy and new species of American bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), Part XI. The Great Basin Naturalist, 46, 265 - 273." type="journal article" year="1986">Wood’s (1986)</bibRefCitation>
recognition of the Indo-Malayan 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D5C3243FFAC6D9D00A2681EFF34" authorityName="Hopkins" authorityYear="1915" box="[1235,1382,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Terminalinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEACD3243FFAC6D9D00A2681EFF34" box="[1235,1382,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Terminalinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in a paper on the American fauna, this prior taxonomic action was not rediscovered by subsequent researchers. Unaware of this past action, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B2E3243FFAC6B5C015A6E55FE8C" author="Hulcr, J. &amp; Cognato, A. I." box="[530,813,295,321]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref15959" refString="Hulcr, J. &amp; Cognato, A. I. (2010) New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa, 2717 (1), 1 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2717.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Hulcr &amp; Cognato (2010)</bibRefCitation>
erected a new genus, 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D5C3243FFAC6D7E015A6987FE8C" authorityName="Hulcr &amp; Cognato" authorityYear="2010" box="[1072,1279,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Fortiborus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEACD3243FFAC6D7E015A69D1FE8C" box="[1072,1193,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Fortiborus</emphasis>
(2010)
</taxonomicName>
, for the same species group but did not include 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D5C3243FFAC6B1A01366F8BFEA8" authorityName="Hopkins" authorityYear="1915" box="[596,755,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Terminalinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminaliae">
<emphasis id="B96CEACD3243FFAC6B1A01366F8BFEA8" box="[596,755,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">T. terminaliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Our examination of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D5C3243FFAC6D50013669C5FEA8" authorityName="Hopkins" authorityYear="1915" box="[1054,1213,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Terminalinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminaliae">
<emphasis id="B96CEACD3243FFAC6D50013669C5FEA8" box="[1054,1213,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">T. terminaliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54A3887D3243FFAC6D8601366852FEA8" box="[1224,1322,331,357]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(NMNH) shows that it unambiguously fits the concept of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D5C3243FFAC6B9B01126E36FE44" authorityName="Hulcr &amp; Cognato" authorityYear="2010" box="[725,846,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Fortiborus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEACD3243FFAC6B9B01126E36FE44" box="[725,846,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Fortiborus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and therefore we place 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D5C3243FFAC6D1B011269B6FE44" authorityName="Hulcr &amp; Cognato" authorityYear="2010" box="[1109,1230,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Fortiborus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEACD3243FFAC6D1B011269B6FE44" box="[1109,1230,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Fortiborus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in synonymy with the older name, 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D5C3243FFAC683401EE6F75FE60" authorityName="Hopkins" authorityYear="1915" box="[378,525,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Terminalinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEACD3243FFAC683401EE6F75FE60" box="[378,525,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Terminalinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The generic diagnoses of both genera also overlap.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736DF3243FFAC698801CA6C6DFD48" blockId="16.[198,1437,151,645]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
The diagnosis of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D5C3243FFAC68DE01CA6F5BFE1C" authorityName="Hopkins" authorityYear="1915" box="[400,547,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Terminalinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEACD3243FFAC68DE01CA6F5BFE1C" box="[400,547,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Terminalinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D5C3243FFAC6BD301CA6E6EFE1C" authorityName="Hulcr &amp; Cognato" authorityYear="2010" box="[669,790,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Fortiborus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEACD3243FFAC6BD301CA6E6EFE1C" box="[669,790,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Fortiborus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
given by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B2E3243FFAC6AC001CA69D2FE1C" author="Hulcr, J. &amp; Cognato, A. I." box="[910,1194,439,465]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref15959" refString="Hulcr, J. &amp; Cognato, A. I. (2010) New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa, 2717 (1), 1 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2717.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Hulcr &amp; Cognato (2010)</bibRefCitation>
and elaborated upon by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B2E3243FFAC69A401A66CA9FE38" author="Smith, S. &amp; Beaver, R. A. &amp; Cognato, A. I." box="[234,465,475,501]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" pagination="1 - 442" refId="ref18936" refString="Smith, S. M, Beaver, R. A. &amp; Cognato, A. I. (2020 a) A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China. ZooKeys, 983, 1 - 442. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 983.52630." type="journal article" year="2020">
Smith 
<emphasis id="B96CEACD3243FFAC687B01A66C1FFE38" box="[309,359,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">et al</emphasis>
. (2020a)
</bibRefCitation>
. Species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D5C3243FFAC6B1401A66F95FE38" authorityName="Hopkins" authorityYear="1915" box="[602,749,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Terminalinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEACD3243FFAC6B1401A66F95FE38" box="[602,749,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Terminalinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are distinguished by their large size, 
<quantity id="4CE09B3A3243FFAC6DD801A6685BFE38" box="[1174,1315,475,501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="7.1" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="5.75" valueMax="7.1" valueMin="4.4">4.4−7.1 mm</quantity>
; pronotum robust, elytral declivity flattened and broadened laterally, apex angulate; anterior edge of pronotum extended anteriad, bearing a distinct row of serrations; antennal club distinctly pubescent, 
<typeStatus id="54A3887D3243FFAC6D07025E6901FDF0" box="[1097,1145,547,573]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">type</typeStatus>
4; eyes very large, deeply emarginate, apex often acute; scutellum flat, flush with elytra; procoxae contiguous; and mycangial tufts absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>