<documentid="86AF1417F2D01C21C0ADBD6864707C34"ID-DOI="10.12651/JSR.2023.12.1.055"ID-ISSN="2713-8615"ID-Zenodo-Dep="12753323"IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe"IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe"IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe"checkinTime="1721182902377"checkinUser="felipe"docAuthor="Lee, Hyo Jin & Rho, Heegab Lee and Hyun Soo"docDate="2023"docId="03EF9350ED5B0866FC80F872B8959DE7"docLanguage="en"docName="JSpeciesRes.12.1.55-67.pdf"docOrigin="Journal of Species Research 12 (1)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372.2:JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article"docStyleId="4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372"docStyleName="JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article"docStyleVersion="2"docTitle="Conilia sinensis Chen and Guo 2015"docType="treatment"docVersion="2"lastPageNumber="62"masterDocId="FFD6EB28ED590861FFC7FFE7BB589B34"masterDocTitle="Two new records of free-living marine nematodes of the family Ironidae de Man, 1876 (Nematoda: Enoplida) from Korea"masterLastPageNumber="67"masterPageNumber="55"pageNumber="57"updateTime="1721183268383"updateUser="ExternalLinkService"zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:titleid="884900D40384D2716AAB649CF10A630B">Two new records of free-living marine nematodes of the family Ironidae de Man, 1876 (Nematoda: Enoplida) from Korea</mods:title>
<taxonomicNameid="4C4659C5ED5B0863FC80F872BFBE9C9A"ID-CoL="8G5W5"authority="Chen and Guo, 2015"authorityName="Chen and Guo"authorityYear="2015"box="[839,1254,1941,1966]"class="Enoplea"family="Ironidae"genus="Conilia"kingdom="Animalia"order="Enoplida"pageId="2"pageNumber="57"phylum="Nematoda"rank="species"species="sinensis">
<bibRefCitationid="EFD75FB7ED5B0863FC3AF871BFBE9C9A"author="Chen, Y. Z. & Y. Q. Guo"box="[1021,1254,1942,1966]"pageId="2"pageNumber="57"pagination="151 - 175"refId="ref5836"refString="Chen, Y. Z. and Y. Q. Guo. 2015. Three new and two known free-living marine nematode species of the family Ironidae from the East China Sea. Zootaxa 4018: 151 - 175."type="journal article"year="2015">Chen and Guo, 2015</bibRefCitation>
<figureCitationid="137D3EC3ED5B0863FC88F851B8E19CFA"box="[847,953,1974,1998]"captionStart-0="Fig"captionStart-1="Fig"captionStart-2="Fig"captionStartId-0="2.[174,207,1726,1748]"captionStartId-1="3.[144,177,1813,1835]"captionStartId-2="4.[175,208,1486,1508]"captionTargetBox-0="[254,1369,260,1693]"captionTargetBox-2="[258,1362,259,1453]"captionTargetId-0="figure-51@2.[249,1369,257,1693]"captionTargetId-2="figure-194@4.[252,1366,259,1454]"captionTargetPageId-0="2"captionTargetPageId-2="4"captionText-0="Fig. 1. Conilia sinensis Chen and Guo, 2015, male in lateral view. A, Habitus; B, Anterior region; C, Head region; D, Spicule and tail region; E, Spicule and gubernaculum. Scale bars: A, B, 100μm; C, 20μm; D, E, 10μm."captionText-1="Fig. 2. Conilia sinensis Chen and Guo, 2015, female in lateral view. A, Habitus; B, Anterior region; C, Vulva region; D, Head region; E, Tail region. Scale bars: A-C, 50μm; D, E, 10 μm."captionText-2="Fig. 3. Conilia sinensis Chen and Guo, 2015, DIC photomicrographs of male (A-D) and female (E-H), lateral view. A, Head region; B, Buccal cavity region showing small cuticular denticles in a row (white arrow); C, Tail region showing ventral swelling (white arrow); D, Copulatory systems showing precloacal supplement(white arrow); E, Vulva region; F, Head region; G, Buccal cavity region showing small cuticular denticles in a row (white arrow); H, Tail region. Scale bars:A-H, 20μm."figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12753325"figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12753329"httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12753325/files/figure.png"httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/12753329/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="57">Figs. 1-3</figureCitation>
<tableCitationid="C6C417FDED5B0863FC02F851BF7A9CFA"box="[965,1058,1974,1998]"captionStart="Table 1"captionStartId="1.[144,197,1049,1070]"captionText="Table 1. Morphometrics of the Korean Conilia sinensis specimens."pageId="2"pageNumber="57">Tables 1</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitationid="C6C417FDED5B0863FBE8F851BF659CFA"box="[1071,1085,1974,1998]"captionStart="Table 2"captionStartId="5.[144,197,862,883]"captionText="Table 2. Morphological and ecological characteristics of the genus Conilia Gerlach, 1956 including the Korean C. sinensis."pageId="2"pageNumber="57">2</tableCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraphid="8BF92246ED5A0862FDDBFEE2BF779F3C"pageId="3"pageNumber="58">A B D C E</paragraph>
<taxonomicNameid="4C4659C5ED5A0862FF13F8F2B9699C1F"authority="Chen and Guo, 2015"authorityName="Chen and Guo"authorityYear="2015"box="[212,561,1813,1835]"class="Enoplea"family="Ironidae"genus="Conilia"kingdom="Animalia"order="Enoplida"pageId="3"pageNumber="58"phylum="Nematoda"rank="species"species="sinensis">
<bibRefCitationid="EFD75FB7ED5A0862FEA9F8F2B9699C1F"author="Chen, Y. Z. & Y. Q. Guo"box="[366,561,1813,1835]"pageId="3"pageNumber="58"pagination="151 - 175"refId="ref5836"refString="Chen, Y. Z. and Y. Q. Guo. 2015. Three new and two known free-living marine nematode species of the family Ironidae from the East China Sea. Zootaxa 4018: 151 - 175."type="journal article"year="2015">Chen and Guo, 2015</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, female in lateral view. A, Habitus; B, Anterior region; C, Vulva region; D, Head region; E, Tail region. Scale bars: A
<treatmentCitationid="0AE70457ED5A0862FF57F86BB9289C90"ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6103280"ID-Zenodo-Dep="6103280"author="Chen, Y. Z. & Y. Q. Guo"box="[144,624,1932,1956]"httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C936A73E8A7AAB07EBE4A647E49BFA11"page="152"pageId="3"pageNumber="58"year="2015">
<taxonomicNameid="4C4659C5ED5A0862FF57F86BB9289C90"ID-CoL="8G5W5"authority="Chen and Guo, 2015, p. 152"authorityName="Chen and Guo"authorityPageNumber="152"authorityYear="2015"box="[144,624,1932,1956]"class="Enoplea"family="Ironidae"genus="Conilia"kingdom="Animalia"order="Enoplida"pageId="3"pageNumber="58"phylum="Nematoda"rank="species"species="sinensis">
<bibRefCitationid="EFD75FB7ED5A0862FE86F86BB9799C90"author="Chen, Y. Z. & Y. Q. Guo"box="[321,545,1932,1956]"pageId="3"pageNumber="58"pagination="151 - 175"refId="ref5836"refString="Chen, Y. Z. and Y. Q. Guo. 2015. Three new and two known free-living marine nematode species of the family Ironidae from the East China Sea. Zootaxa 4018: 151 - 175."type="journal article"year="2015">Chen and Guo, 2015</bibRefCitation>
<figureCitationid="137D3EC3ED5A0862FDBCF86BB99C9C90"box="[635,708,1932,1956]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="2.[174,207,1726,1748]"captionTargetBox="[254,1369,260,1693]"captionTargetId="figure-51@2.[249,1369,257,1693]"captionTargetPageId="2"captionText="Fig. 1. Conilia sinensis Chen and Guo, 2015, male in lateral view. A, Habitus; B, Anterior region; C, Head region; D, Spicule and tail region; E, Spicule and gubernaculum. Scale bars: A, B, 100μm; C, 20μm; D, E, 10μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12753325"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12753325/files/figure.png"pageId="3"pageNumber="58">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
<materialsCitationid="3B2E281BED5D0865FD47F93CBFA39DE7"collectingDate="2018-06-09"collectionCode="KIOST, NEM, BRBMN"collectorName="Technology & H. Lee"country="South Korea"county="Bio-Resources Bank of Marine Nematodes"location="Institute of Ocean Science"municipality="East Sea Research Institute"pageId="4"pageNumber="59"specimenCount="4"specimenCount-female="4"stateProvince="Chungnam">
<locationid="8E99749DED5D0865FEEEF87BB9649C80"LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF9350ED5B0866FC80F872B8959DE7:8E99749DED5D0865FEEEF87BB9649C80"box="[297,572,1948,1972]"country="South Korea"county="Bio-Resources Bank of Marine Nematodes"municipality="East Sea Research Institute"name="Institute of Ocean Science"pageId="4"pageNumber="59"stateProvince="Chungnam">Institute of Ocean Science</location>
<locationid="8E99749DED5D0865FC1CF99DB8A59DA6"LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF9350ED5B0866FC80F872B8959DE7:8E99749DED5D0865FC1CF99DB8A59DA6"box="[987,1021,1658,1682]"country="South Korea"county="Bio-Resources Bank of Marine Nematodes"municipality="East Sea Research Institute"name="All"pageId="4"pageNumber="59"stateProvince="Chungnam">All</location>
the specimens were collected from
<locationid="8E99749DED5D0865FABFF99DB8B29D86"LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF9350ED5B0866FC80F872B8959DE7:8E99749DED5D0865FABFF99DB8B29D86"country="South Korea"county="Bio-Resources Bank of Marine Nematodes"municipality="East Sea Research Institute"name="Mageompo Beach"pageId="4"pageNumber="59"stateProvince="Chungnam">Mageompo Beach</location>
,
<locationid="8E99749DED5D0865FC31F97CBF259D87"LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF9350ED5B0866FC80F872B8959DE7:8E99749DED5D0865FC31F97CBF259D87"box="[1014,1149,1691,1715]"country="South Korea"county="Bio-Resources Bank of Marine Nematodes"municipality="East Sea Research Institute"name="Nam-myeon"pageId="4"pageNumber="59"stateProvince="Chungnam">Nam-myeon</location>
,
<locationid="8E99749DED5D0865FB4DF97CBFA49D87"LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF9350ED5B0866FC80F872B8959DE7:8E99749DED5D0865FB4DF97CBFA49D87"box="[1162,1276,1691,1715]"country="South Korea"county="Bio-Resources Bank of Marine Nematodes"municipality="East Sea Research Institute"name="Taean-gun"pageId="4"pageNumber="59"stateProvince="Chungnam">Taean-gun</location>
<collectingDateid="EFBCFD6EED5D0865FC37F95CBF379DE7"box="[1008,1135,1723,1747]"pageId="4"pageNumber="59"value="2018-06-09">9 June 2018</collectingDate>
<taxonomicNameid="4C4659C5ED5D0865FF34FA29B90B9ED0"authority="Chen and Guo, 2015"authorityName="Chen and Guo"authorityYear="2015"box="[243,595,1486,1508]"class="Enoplea"family="Ironidae"genus="Conilia"kingdom="Animalia"order="Enoplida"pageId="4"pageNumber="59"phylum="Nematoda"rank="species"species="sinensis">
<bibRefCitationid="EFD75FB7ED5D0865FE48FA29B90B9ED0"author="Chen, Y. Z. & Y. Q. Guo"box="[399,595,1486,1508]"pageId="4"pageNumber="59"pagination="151 - 175"refId="ref5836"refString="Chen, Y. Z. and Y. Q. Guo. 2015. Three new and two known free-living marine nematode species of the family Ironidae from the East China Sea. Zootaxa 4018: 151 - 175."type="journal article"year="2015">Chen and Guo, 2015</bibRefCitation>
H), lateral view. A, Head region; B, Buccal cavity region showing small cuticular denticles in a row (white arrow); C, Tail region showing ventral swelling (white arrow); D, Copulatory systems showing precloacal supplement (white arrow); E, Vulva region; F, Head region; G, Buccal cavity region showing small cuticular denticles in a row (white arrow); H, Tail region. Scale bars: A
<tableCitationid="C6C417FDED5D0865FBE8F8FCBF279C07"box="[1071,1151,1819,1843]"captionStart="Table 1"captionStartId="1.[144,197,1049,1070]"captionText="Table 1. Morphometrics of the Korean Conilia sinensis specimens."pageId="4"pageNumber="59">Table 1</tableCitation>
for detailed measurements and morphometric ratios.
<figureCitationid="137D3EC3ED5D0865FC61F87BB8A29C80"box="[934,1018,1948,1972]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="2.[174,207,1726,1748]"captionTargetBox="[254,1369,260,1693]"captionTargetId="figure-51@2.[249,1369,257,1693]"captionTargetPageId="2"captionText="Fig. 1. Conilia sinensis Chen and Guo, 2015, male in lateral view. A, Habitus; B, Anterior region; C, Head region; D, Spicule and tail region; E, Spicule and gubernaculum. Scale bars: A, B, 100μm; C, 20μm; D, E, 10μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12753325"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12753325/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="59">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
38 μm. Cuticles smooth. Head end compressed, lip region well-developed and slightly swelled on both sides, with six papilliform inner labial sensilla (
<figureCitationid="137D3EC3ED5C0864FD4BFEA2B9879A6A"box="[652,735,325,350]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="2.[174,207,1726,1748]"captionTargetBox="[254,1369,260,1693]"captionTargetId="figure-51@2.[249,1369,257,1693]"captionTargetPageId="2"captionText="Fig. 1. Conilia sinensis Chen and Guo, 2015, male in lateral view. A, Habitus; B, Anterior region; C, Head region; D, Spicule and tail region; E, Spicule and gubernaculum. Scale bars: A, B, 100μm; C, 20μm; D, E, 10μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12753325"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12753325/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="60">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
26 μm long) arranged in a single circle. Buccal cavity divided into two parts: anterior one cup-shaped and posterior one strongly cuticularized tube-shaped (
<figureCitationid="137D3EC3ED5C0864FDCBFDE0B931992B"box="[524,617,519,543]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="2.[174,207,1726,1748]"captionTargetBox="[254,1369,260,1693]"captionTargetId="figure-51@2.[249,1369,257,1693]"captionTargetPageId="2"captionText="Fig. 1. Conilia sinensis Chen and Guo, 2015, male in lateral view. A, Habitus; B, Anterior region; C, Head region; D, Spicule and tail region; E, Spicule and gubernaculum. Scale bars: A, B, 100μm; C, 20μm; D, E, 10μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12753325"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12753325/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="60">Figs. 1C</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="137D3EC3ED5C0864FDB0FDE0B9C3992B"box="[631,667,519,543]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[175,208,1486,1508]"captionTargetBox="[258,1362,259,1453]"captionTargetId="figure-194@4.[252,1366,259,1454]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 3. Conilia sinensis Chen and Guo, 2015, DIC photomicrographs of male (A-D) and female (E-H), lateral view. A, Head region; B, Buccal cavity region showing small cuticular denticles in a row (white arrow); C, Tail region showing ventral swelling (white arrow); D, Copulatory systems showing precloacal supplement(white arrow); E, Vulva region; F, Head region; G, Buccal cavity region showing small cuticular denticles in a row (white arrow); H, Tail region. Scale bars:A-H, 20μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12753329"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12753329/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="60">3A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="137D3EC3ED5C0864FD04FDAFBBEB99B4"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[175,208,1486,1508]"captionTargetBox="[258,1362,259,1453]"captionTargetId="figure-194@4.[252,1366,259,1454]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 3. Conilia sinensis Chen and Guo, 2015, DIC photomicrographs of male (A-D) and female (E-H), lateral view. A, Head region; B, Buccal cavity region showing small cuticular denticles in a row (white arrow); C, Tail region showing ventral swelling (white arrow); D, Copulatory systems showing precloacal supplement(white arrow); E, Vulva region; F, Head region; G, Buccal cavity region showing small cuticular denticles in a row (white arrow); H, Tail region. Scale bars:A-H, 20μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12753329"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12753329/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="60">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Amphideal fovea not observed. Anterior pharynx region surrounding buccal cavity slightly inflated and posterior region general cylindrical without swelling. Pharynx cylindrical (409
<figureCitationid="137D3EC3ED5C0864FAE4FEE2BE209A29"box="[1315,1400,261,285]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="2.[174,207,1726,1748]"captionTargetBox="[254,1369,260,1693]"captionTargetId="figure-51@2.[249,1369,257,1693]"captionTargetPageId="2"captionText="Fig. 1. Conilia sinensis Chen and Guo, 2015, male in lateral view. A, Habitus; B, Anterior region; C, Head region; D, Spicule and tail region; E, Spicule and gubernaculum. Scale bars: A, B, 100μm; C, 20μm; D, E, 10μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12753325"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12753325/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="60">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="137D3EC3ED5C0864FA89FE81B8109AAA"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="2.[174,207,1726,1748]"captionTargetBox="[254,1369,260,1693]"captionTargetId="figure-51@2.[249,1369,257,1693]"captionTargetPageId="2"captionText="Fig. 1. Conilia sinensis Chen and Guo, 2015, male in lateral view. A, Habitus; B, Anterior region; C, Head region; D, Spicule and tail region; E, Spicule and gubernaculum. Scale bars: A, B, 100μm; C, 20μm; D, E, 10μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12753325"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12753325/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="60">Figs. 1E</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="137D3EC3ED5C0864FC92FE61B8209AAA"box="[853,888,390,414]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[175,208,1486,1508]"captionTargetBox="[258,1362,259,1453]"captionTargetId="figure-194@4.[252,1366,259,1454]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 3. Conilia sinensis Chen and Guo, 2015, DIC photomicrographs of male (A-D) and female (E-H), lateral view. A, Head region; B, Buccal cavity region showing small cuticular denticles in a row (white arrow); C, Tail region showing ventral swelling (white arrow); D, Copulatory systems showing precloacal supplement(white arrow); E, Vulva region; F, Head region; G, Buccal cavity region showing small cuticular denticles in a row (white arrow); H, Tail region. Scale bars:A-H, 20μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12753329"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12753329/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="60">3D</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="137D3EC3ED5C0864FC4CFDAFB8B39954"box="[907,1003,584,608]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="2.[174,207,1726,1748]"captionTargetBox="[254,1369,260,1693]"captionTargetId="figure-51@2.[249,1369,257,1693]"captionTargetPageId="2"captionText="Fig. 1. Conilia sinensis Chen and Guo, 2015, male in lateral view. A, Habitus; B, Anterior region; C, Head region; D, Spicule and tail region; E, Spicule and gubernaculum. Scale bars: A, B, 100μm; C, 20μm; D, E, 10μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12753325"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12753325/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="60">Figs. 1D</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="137D3EC3ED5C0864FC3FFDAFBF439954"box="[1016,1051,584,608]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[175,208,1486,1508]"captionTargetBox="[258,1362,259,1453]"captionTargetId="figure-194@4.[252,1366,259,1454]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 3. Conilia sinensis Chen and Guo, 2015, DIC photomicrographs of male (A-D) and female (E-H), lateral view. A, Head region; B, Buccal cavity region showing small cuticular denticles in a row (white arrow); C, Tail region showing ventral swelling (white arrow); D, Copulatory systems showing precloacal supplement(white arrow); E, Vulva region; F, Head region; G, Buccal cavity region showing small cuticular denticles in a row (white arrow); H, Tail region. Scale bars:A-H, 20μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12753329"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12753329/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="60">3D</figureCitation>
125 μm long) conicocylindrical, slightly ventrally bent; distal part slightly swollen with two terminal setae. A conspicuous ventral swelling appeared in middle of tail (
<figureCitationid="137D3EC3ED5C0864FB59FD4FBFA399F5"box="[1182,1275,680,705]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="2.[174,207,1726,1748]"captionTargetBox="[254,1369,260,1693]"captionTargetId="figure-51@2.[249,1369,257,1693]"captionTargetPageId="2"captionText="Fig. 1. Conilia sinensis Chen and Guo, 2015, male in lateral view. A, Habitus; B, Anterior region; C, Head region; D, Spicule and tail region; E, Spicule and gubernaculum. Scale bars: A, B, 100μm; C, 20μm; D, E, 10μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12753325"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12753325/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="60">Figs. 1D</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="137D3EC3ED5C0864FAC1FD4EBE7F99F5"box="[1286,1319,681,705]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[175,208,1486,1508]"captionTargetBox="[258,1362,259,1453]"captionTargetId="figure-194@4.[252,1366,259,1454]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 3. Conilia sinensis Chen and Guo, 2015, DIC photomicrographs of male (A-D) and female (E-H), lateral view. A, Head region; B, Buccal cavity region showing small cuticular denticles in a row (white arrow); C, Tail region showing ventral swelling (white arrow); D, Copulatory systems showing precloacal supplement(white arrow); E, Vulva region; F, Head region; G, Buccal cavity region showing small cuticular denticles in a row (white arrow); H, Tail region. Scale bars:A-H, 20μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12753329"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12753329/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="60">3C</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="137D3EC3ED5C0864FB91FCEEBFCF9815"box="[1110,1175,777,801]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[175,208,1486,1508]"captionTargetBox="[258,1362,259,1453]"captionTargetId="figure-194@4.[252,1366,259,1454]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 3. Conilia sinensis Chen and Guo, 2015, DIC photomicrographs of male (A-D) and female (E-H), lateral view. A, Head region; B, Buccal cavity region showing small cuticular denticles in a row (white arrow); C, Tail region showing ventral swelling (white arrow); D, Copulatory systems showing precloacal supplement(white arrow); E, Vulva region; F, Head region; G, Buccal cavity region showing small cuticular denticles in a row (white arrow); H, Tail region. Scale bars:A-H, 20μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12753329"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12753329/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="60">3F, G</figureCitation>
53 μm. Repro- ductive system didelphic. Two reflexed equally developed ovaries; anterior ovary situated on right side of intestine, posterior one on right side of intestine. Vulva
<figureCitationid="137D3EC3ED5F0867FEA2FE20BADD9AEB"box="[357,389,455,479]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[175,208,1486,1508]"captionTargetBox="[258,1362,259,1453]"captionTargetId="figure-194@4.[252,1366,259,1454]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 3. Conilia sinensis Chen and Guo, 2015, DIC photomicrographs of male (A-D) and female (E-H), lateral view. A, Head region; B, Buccal cavity region showing small cuticular denticles in a row (white arrow); C, Tail region showing ventral swelling (white arrow); D, Copulatory systems showing precloacal supplement(white arrow); E, Vulva region; F, Head region; G, Buccal cavity region showing small cuticular denticles in a row (white arrow); H, Tail region. Scale bars:A-H, 20μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12753329"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12753329/files/figure.png"pageId="6"pageNumber="61">3E</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="137D3EC3ED5F0867FDC5FDE0B97D992B"box="[514,549,519,543]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[175,208,1486,1508]"captionTargetBox="[258,1362,259,1453]"captionTargetId="figure-194@4.[252,1366,259,1454]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 3. Conilia sinensis Chen and Guo, 2015, DIC photomicrographs of male (A-D) and female (E-H), lateral view. A, Head region; B, Buccal cavity region showing small cuticular denticles in a row (white arrow); C, Tail region showing ventral swelling (white arrow); D, Copulatory systems showing precloacal supplement(white arrow); E, Vulva region; F, Head region; G, Buccal cavity region showing small cuticular denticles in a row (white arrow); H, Tail region. Scale bars:A-H, 20μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12753329"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12753329/files/figure.png"pageId="6"pageNumber="61">3H</figureCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFD75FB7ED5C0864FCFBFCBAB8E49847"author="Gerlach, S. A."box="[828,956,861,883]"pageId="5"pageNumber="60"pagination="3 - 69"refId="ref5877"refString="Gerlach, S. A. 1956. Brasilianische Meeres-Nematoden I. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico de Sao Paulo 5: 3 - 69."type="journal article"year="1956">Gerlach, 1956</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
including the Korean
<taxonomicNameid="4C4659C5ED5C0864FB40FCBABFB29847"authorityName="Chen and Guo"authorityYear="2015"box="[1159,1258,861,883]"class="Enoplea"family="Ironidae"genus="Conilia"kingdom="Animalia"order="Enoplida"pageId="5"pageNumber="60"phylum="Nematoda"rank="species"species="sinensis">
<bibRefCitationid="EFD75FB7ED5C0864FE41FC07B95E98C2"author="Gerlach, S. A."box="[390,518,992,1014]"pageId="5"pageNumber="60"pagination="3 - 69"refId="ref5877"refString="Gerlach, S. A. 1956. Brasilianische Meeres-Nematoden I. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico de Sao Paulo 5: 3 - 69."type="journal article"year="1956">Gerlach, 1956</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFD75FB7ED5C0864FD98FC07B9AF98C2"author="Aryuthaka, C."box="[607,759,992,1014]"pageId="5"pageNumber="60"pagination="1 - 15"refId="ref5649"refString="Aryuthaka, C. 1989. Some free-living marine nematodes from a seagrass (Zostera marina) bed and the adjacent intertidal zone, Amakusa, South Japan. Publications from the Amakusa Biological Laboratory 10 (1): 1 - 15."type="journal article"year="1989">Aryuthaka, 1989</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="4C4659C5ED5C0864FCBCFC20BF7998C2"authority="Chen and Guo, 2015"authorityName="Chen and Guo"authorityYear="2015"class="Enoplea"family="Ironidae"genus="Conilia"kingdom="Animalia"order="Enoplida"pageId="5"pageNumber="60"phylum="Nematoda"rank="species"species="sinensis">
<bibRefCitationid="EFD75FB7ED5C0864FCA1FC07BF7998C2"author="Chen, Y. Z. & Y. Q. Guo"box="[870,1057,992,1014]"pageId="5"pageNumber="60"pagination="151 - 175"refId="ref5836"refString="Chen, Y. Z. and Y. Q. Guo. 2015. Three new and two known free-living marine nematode species of the family Ironidae from the East China Sea. Zootaxa 4018: 151 - 175."type="journal article"year="2015">Chen and Guo, 2015</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="4C4659C5ED5C0864FB0EFC20BE7498E9"authorityName="Chen and Guo"authorityYear="2015"box="[1225,1324,967,989]"class="Enoplea"family="Ironidae"genus="Conilia"kingdom="Animalia"order="Enoplida"pageId="5"pageNumber="60"phylum="Nematoda"rank="species"species="sinensis">
<tdid="76A74978ED5CF79EFDF8F8C1B8409C95"box="[575,792,1830,1953]"gridcol="2"gridrow="2"pageId="5"pageNumber="60">Seagrass bed, fine sand; intertidal zone; Amakusa, Shimoshima Island, West Kyushu, South Japan</td>
<tdid="76A74978ED5CF79EFC89F8C1BF629C95"box="[846,1082,1830,1953]"gridcol="3"gridrow="2"pageId="5"pageNumber="60">Intertidal sandy sediment; Dongshan Island, Zhangzhou city, East China Sea</td>
<tdid="76A74978ED5CF79EFBA8F8C1BEDE9C95"box="[1135,1414,1830,1953]"gridcol="4"gridrow="2"pageId="5"pageNumber="60">Intertidal fine sandy sediment; Mageompo Beach, Taean-gun, Korea</td>
<tableNoteid="76A023C8ED5C0864FF57F85BBA219CFB"box="[144,377,1980,1999]"pageId="5"pageNumber="60"targetBox="[144,1414,1699,1953]"targetPageId="5">All measurements are in μm.</tableNote>
<bibRefCitationid="EFD75FB7ED5F0867FD69FDAFBBBF99B4"author="Gerlach, S. A."pageId="6"pageNumber="61"pagination="3 - 69"refId="ref5877"refString="Gerlach, S. A. 1956. Brasilianische Meeres-Nematoden I. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico de Sao Paulo 5: 3 - 69."type="journal article"year="1956">Gerlach, 1956</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The genus is characterized by having a cuticularized elongated tubular buccal cavity, three claw-like teeth of different sizes and an oblique serrated plate, papilliform inner labial sensilla, and setiform outer labial and cephalic sensilla. The genus
<bibRefCitationid="EFD75FB7ED5F0867FD82FCEEB9BC9815"author="Gerlach, S. A."box="[581,740,777,801]"pageId="6"pageNumber="61"pagination="3 - 69"refId="ref5877"refString="Gerlach, S. A. 1956. Brasilianische Meeres-Nematoden I. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico de Sao Paulo 5: 3 - 69."type="journal article"year="1956">Gerlach, 1956</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFD75FB7ED5F0867FE8AFCCEBAA59876"author="Aryuthaka, C."box="[333,509,809,834]"pageId="6"pageNumber="61"pagination="1 - 15"refId="ref5649"refString="Aryuthaka, C. 1989. Some free-living marine nematodes from a seagrass (Zostera marina) bed and the adjacent intertidal zone, Amakusa, South Japan. Publications from the Amakusa Biological Laboratory 10 (1): 1 - 15."type="journal article"year="1989">Aryuthaka, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicNameid="4C4659C5ED5F0867FDE8FCCDBA7A9856"authority="Chen and Guo, 2015"authorityName="Chen and Guo"authorityYear="2015"class="Enoplea"family="Ironidae"genus="Conilia"kingdom="Animalia"order="Enoplida"pageId="6"pageNumber="61"phylum="Nematoda"rank="species"species="sinensis">
<bibRefCitationid="EFD75FB7ED5F0867FD60FCCEBA7A9856"author="Chen, Y. Z. & Y. Q. Guo"pageId="6"pageNumber="61"pagination="151 - 175"refId="ref5836"refString="Chen, Y. Z. and Y. Q. Guo. 2015. Three new and two known free-living marine nematode species of the family Ironidae from the East China Sea. Zootaxa 4018: 151 - 175."type="journal article"year="2015">Chen and Guo, 2015</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). Morphological and ecological characteristics of the genus
<taxonomicNameid="4C4659C5ED5F0867FDB6FC8DB9BC98B6"authorityName="Chen and Guo"authorityYear="2015"box="[625,740,874,898]"class="Enoplea"family="Ironidae"genus="Conilia"kingdom="Animalia"order="Enoplida"pageId="6"pageNumber="61"phylum="Nematoda"rank="species"species="sinensis">
<tableCitationid="C6C417FDED5F0867FED7FC6DBA3C9896"box="[272,356,906,930]"captionStart="Table 2"captionStartId="5.[144,197,862,883]"captionText="Table 2. Morphological and ecological characteristics of the genus Conilia Gerlach, 1956 including the Korean C. sinensis."pageId="6"pageNumber="61">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
<taxonomicNameid="4C4659C5ED5F0867FEB6FC6DB9479896"authorityName="Chen and Guo"authorityYear="2015"box="[369,543,906,930]"class="Enoplea"family="Ironidae"genus="Conilia"kingdom="Animalia"order="Enoplida"pageId="6"pageNumber="61"phylum="Nematoda"rank="species"species="sinensis">
<taxonomicNameid="4C4659C5ED5F0867FD49FC4DB8239A29"authorityName="Chen and Guo"authorityYear="2015"box="[654,891,262,962]"class="Enoplea"family="Ironidae"genus="Conilia"kingdom="Animalia"order="Enoplida"pageId="6"pageNumber="61"phylum="Nematoda"rank="species"species="sinensis">
is distinguished from other species of the genus by having a relatively long body length, a well-developed buccal cavity, single spicule with transversely striation, rib-shaped telamons, and single precloacal supplement.
<taxonomicNameid="4C4659C5ED5F0867FC80FE61B8AE9AAA"authorityName="Chen and Guo"authorityYear="2015"box="[839,1014,390,414]"class="Enoplea"family="Ironidae"genus="Conilia"kingdom="Animalia"order="Enoplida"pageId="6"pageNumber="61"phylum="Nematoda"rank="species"species="sinensis">
by possessing a long and striated spicule and the absence of amphideal fovea. However,
<taxonomicNameid="4C4659C5ED5F0867FBCFFE20BFD99AEA"authorityName="Chen and Guo"authorityYear="2015"box="[1032,1153,455,478]"class="Enoplea"family="Ironidae"genus="Conilia"kingdom="Animalia"order="Enoplida"pageId="6"pageNumber="61"phylum="Nematoda"rank="species"species="sinensis">
28 μm vs. 12 μm), and the number of precloacal supplements (1 vs. 4). Moreover,
<taxonomicNameid="4C4659C5ED5F0867FC7CFD8FBF7699B4"authorityName="Chen and Guo"authorityYear="2015"box="[955,1070,616,640]"class="Enoplea"family="Ironidae"genus="Conilia"kingdom="Animalia"order="Enoplida"pageId="6"pageNumber="61"phylum="Nematoda"rank="species"species="sinensis">
<taxonomicNameid="4C4659C5ED5F0867FC99FD4FBF5499F4"authorityName="Chen and Guo"authorityYear="2015"box="[862,1036,680,704]"class="Enoplea"family="Ironidae"genus="Conilia"kingdom="Animalia"order="Enoplida"pageId="6"pageNumber="61"phylum="Nematoda"rank="species"species="sinensis">
<taxonomicNameid="4C4659C5ED5F0867FB06FC6CBE6A9896"authorityName="Chen and Guo"authorityYear="2015"box="[1217,1330,907,930]"class="Enoplea"family="Ironidae"genus="Conilia"kingdom="Animalia"order="Enoplida"pageId="6"pageNumber="61"phylum="Nematoda"rank="species"species="sinensis">
agree well with the original description in general features, especially in the detailed structure of copulatory systems in males, the presence of single precloacal supplement, and ventrally bent tail with single ventral swelling in the middle of the tail. However, the Korean specimens differ from original description by having a longer overall body length (
<taxonomicNameid="4C4659C5ED5F0867FDD4FBE8B9AA9F10"authorityName="Chen and Guo"authorityYear="2015"box="[531,754,1039,1060]"class="Enoplea"family="Ironidae"genus="Pheronous"kingdom="Animalia"order="Enoplida"pageId="6"pageNumber="61"phylum="Nematoda"rank="species"species="donghaiensis">
<thid="76A74978ED5FF79EFF69F9FCB9429D05"box="[174,538,1563,1585]"gridcol="0"gridrow="14"pageId="6"pageNumber="61">Distance from anterior end to amphids</th>
<thid="76A74978ED5FF79EFF69F9DBB9429D66"box="[174,538,1596,1618]"gridcol="0"gridrow="15"pageId="6"pageNumber="61">Distance from anterior end to nerve ring</th>
<thid="76A74978ED5FF79EFF69F9B9B9429D40"box="[174,538,1630,1652]"gridcol="0"gridrow="16"pageId="6"pageNumber="61">Body diameter at nerve ring level</th>
<thid="76A74978ED5FF79EFF69F8E3B9429C2E"box="[174,538,1796,1818]"gridcol="0"gridrow="21"pageId="6"pageNumber="61">Distance from anterior end to vulva</th>
<tableNoteid="76A023C8ED5F0867FF69F85DBACF9CF9"box="[174,407,1978,1997]"pageId="6"pageNumber="61"targetBox="[174,1445,1092,1951]"targetPageId="6">All measurements are in μm.</tableNote>
<taxonomicNameid="4C4659C5ED5E0866FF14F9C3B9219D0E"authority="Chen and Guo, 2015"authorityName="Chen and Guo"authorityYear="2015"box="[211,633,1572,1594]"class="Enoplea"family="Ironidae"genus="Pheronous"kingdom="Animalia"order="Enoplida"pageId="7"pageNumber="62"phylum="Nematoda"rank="species"species="donghaiensis">
<bibRefCitationid="EFD75FB7ED5E0866FE7EF9C3B9219D0E"author="Chen, Y. Z. & Y. Q. Guo"box="[441,633,1572,1594]"pageId="7"pageNumber="62"pagination="151 - 175"refId="ref5836"refString="Chen, Y. Z. and Y. Q. Guo. 2015. Three new and two known free-living marine nematode species of the family Ironidae from the East China Sea. Zootaxa 4018: 151 - 175."type="journal article"year="2015">Chen and Guo, 2015</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, male in lateral view. A, Habitus; B, Anterior region; C, Head region; D, Spicule and tail region; E, Precloacal supplements and tail region. Scale bars: A, B, E, 50 μm; C, D, 10 μm.
<bibRefCitationid="EFD75FB7ED5E0866FBDFF97CBE5B9D86"author="Chen, Y. Z. & Y. Q. Guo"box="[1048,1283,1690,1715]"pageId="7"pageNumber="62"pagination="151 - 175"refId="ref5836"refString="Chen, Y. Z. and Y. Q. Guo. 2015. Three new and two known free-living marine nematode species of the family Ironidae from the East China Sea. Zootaxa 4018: 151 - 175."type="journal article"year="2015">Chen and Guo, 2015</bibRefCitation>