227 lines
23 KiB
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227 lines
23 KiB
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<document id="DC7530EE0531624DEFB51BDF665A646F" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4100.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="98731fd0-8af6-422f-b59e-98c05234dea5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="261565" ID-ZooBank="E69BBCC0-775F-4F5C-B125-B890DE0FF7FF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460120899496" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vanegas-Ríos, James A." docDate="2016" docId="03B1C27962019104FF4EFF13FA46F94E" docLanguage="en" docName="4100_1_1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4100 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Gephyrocharax" docType="key" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="82" masterDocId="FF88BA0162509155FFD9FF8BFFDDFF85" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic review of the Neotropical genus Gephyrocharax Eigenmann, 1912 (Characiformes, Characidae, Stevardiinae)" pageNumber="82" updateTime="1698234878229" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="9A72699EB50918FE687954F81F95A32C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1EE03A90C303D1DF8B3F3AF13332CF59">
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<mods:title id="8F27C54E3ED943CFCD957317F21C62CE">Taxonomic review of the Neotropical genus Gephyrocharax Eigenmann, 1912 (Characiformes, Characidae, Stevardiinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="F537C7B8FE739B3AE7E81EF56CDFDCD4" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C51036BCFC1D8F05C18F03CF9B069AD7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A0D9FC9B4E028B8A9499D0D92DFEAB00">Vanegas-Ríos, James A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EDF092CF44B007759E96FB3551DBCB09">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="B13F3D4043A1EE3A122B9D958303006E">
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<mods:title id="D831D940A82C44DE8CCAB964772A0536">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="3C87AC84425757D47235E8EBFE1EC4B7">
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<mods:date id="98D52C0DE4B1FDB643710C7638C50C26">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="131A39FAC4D0D5400DC4D6AB7612F63A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="75D792E82B6EDB09A726F402B66E9E11">4100</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="53F737838CABDD1B312071A69FFECF8D" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="C414ABC7D7A3BD3D7E5F04743B849231">1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="9912C5CDC7B9ED15846B74F640E949C2">journal volume</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1F096E3325591185F84161AAD1B98E25" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4100.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6CEA246D2EF144DC91CFBCEC3F21CA49" type="GBIF-Dataset">98731fd0-8af6-422f-b59e-98c05234dea5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4C7B519ED67D01D2377CE844E02A280D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="937574B71AE25B58804B13070C504D79" type="Zenodo-Dep">261565</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="89EBFB0387E6C7AD90418E7905ACF5BC" type="ZooBank">E69BBCC0-775F-4F5C-B125-B890DE0FF7FF</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03B1C27962019104FF4EFF13FA46F94E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6058569" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127625555" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6058569" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B1C27962019104FF4EFF13FA46F94E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B1C27962019104FF4EFF13FA46F94E" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<subSubSection id="C30220E462019104FF4EFF13FD84FF34" box="[151,601,151,178]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA7736F62019104FF4EFF13FD84FF34" blockId="81.[151,601,151,178]" box="[151,601,151,178]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<heading id="D0EFC40362019104FF4EFF13FD84FF34" bold="true" box="[151,601,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B96CAF7D62019104FF4EFF13FD84FF34" bold="true" box="[151,601,151,178]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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Key to the species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1808EC62019104FE45FF1CFD84FF34" ID-CoL="4N46" ID-ENA="42593" box="[412,601,151,177]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Gephyrocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96CAF7D62019104FE45FF1CFD84FF34" bold="true" box="[412,601,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Gephyrocharax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30220E462019104FF4EFF55FA46F94E" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="key">
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<keyStep id="30EC6BCA62019104FF4EFF55FA46FE5B" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<paragraph id="8BA7736F62019104FF4EFF55FA41FECE" blockId="81.[151,1436,222,1739]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<keyLead id="30E9D05A62019104FF4EFF55FA41FECE" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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1. Distance between snout and pectoral-fin origin 20.7% SL; five maxillary teeth; in adult male posteriormost unbranched analfin ray more sagittally expanded than anteriormost branched anal-fin ray and seven anterior branched anal-fin rays posteriorly projecting beyond midlength of fin; posteroventral pouch-scale lobe of adult male present, with many convergent
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<emphasis id="B96CAF7D62019104FAE9FE92FA83FEAB" box="[1328,1374,281,302]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">radii</emphasis>
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; bony hooks absent on caudal-fin rays of adult male........................................................
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<taxonomicName id="4C1808EC62019104FAE4FEBDFA41FECE" ID-CoL="3FTRH" box="[1341,1436,310,331]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Gephyrocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martae">
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<emphasis id="B96CAF7D62019104FAE4FEBDFA41FECE" box="[1341,1436,310,331]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">G. martae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA7736F62019104FF4EFED8FA46FE5B" blockId="81.[151,1436,222,1739]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<keyLead id="30E9D05A62019104FF4EFED8FA46FE5B" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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- Distance between snout and pectoral-fin origin 22.8–31.2 % SL; maxillary teeth absent or, where present, up to four (rarely five, n = 2); in adult males posteriormost unbranched anal-fin ray sagittally as expanded as anteriormost branched anal-fin ray and seven anterior branched anal-fin rays posteriorly not projecting beyond midlength of fin; posteroventral pouch-scale lobe of adult males absent or, when present, with
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<emphasis id="B96CAF7D62019104FD55FE20FD66FE45" box="[652,699,427,448]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">radii</emphasis>
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not converging to it; bony hooks present on caudal-fin rays of adult males.....................................................................................................(2)
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="30EC6BCA62019104FF4EFE6DFA41FD2E" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<paragraph id="8BA7736F62019104FF4EFE6DFA45FDB3" blockId="81.[151,1436,222,1739]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<keyLead id="30E9D05A62019104FF4EFE6DFA45FDB3" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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2. Caudal-fin rays 11 and 12 strongly curved ventrally along their lengths in adult males; nasal bone (in dorsal view) with its lateral border greatly concave, arched at an angle equal to or less than 135°; base of caudal-fin ray 12 extending on posterior portion of hypural 2; pouch scale of adult males with
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<emphasis id="B96CAF7D62019104FD1AFDAAFD2CFDB3" box="[707,753,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">radii</emphasis>
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distributed along dorsal and posterior borders.............
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<emphasis id="B96CAF7D62019104FA91FDAAFA45FDB3" box="[1352,1432,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">G. m aj or</emphasis>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA7736F62019104FF4EFDB5FA41FD2E" blockId="81.[151,1436,222,1739]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<keyLead id="30E9D05A62019104FF4EFDB5FA41FD2E" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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- Caudal-fin rays 11 and 12 straight along their lengths in adult males; nasal bone (in dorsal view) with its lateral border straight along its entire length or slightly concave, arched at an angle greater than 135°; base of caudal-fin ray 12 extending on posterior portion of hypural 1 or on narrow space between hypurals 1 and 2 (variable in
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<taxonomicName id="4C1808EC62019104FC24FDF2FB55FD0B" ID-CoL="3FTRF" box="[1021,1160,633,654]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Gephyrocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">
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<emphasis id="B96CAF7D62019104FC24FDF2FB55FD0B" box="[1021,1160,633,654]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">G. intermedius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); pouch scale of adult males with
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<emphasis id="B96CAF7D62019104FEC8FD1DFE9DFD2E" box="[273,320,662,683]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">radii</emphasis>
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only distributed along posterior border...........................................................(3)
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="30EC6BCA62019104FF4EFD3FFA41FD63" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<paragraph id="8BA7736F62019104FF4EFD3FFA41FD4C" blockId="81.[151,1436,222,1739]" box="[151,1436,692,713]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<keyLead id="30E9D05A62019104FF4EFD3FFA41FD4C" box="[151,1436,692,713]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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3. Unbranched pelvic-fin ray hypertrophied, distally curved in adult males..................................
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<taxonomicName id="4C1808EC62019104FAF3FD3FFA41FD4C" ID-CoL="3FTRK" box="[1322,1436,692,713]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Gephyrocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sinuensis">
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<emphasis id="B96CAF7D62019104FAF3FD3FFA41FD4C" box="[1322,1436,692,713]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">G. sinuensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA7736F62019104FF4EFD5AFA41FD63" blockId="81.[151,1436,222,1739]" box="[151,1436,721,742]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<keyLead id="30E9D05A62019104FF4EFD5AFA41FD63" box="[151,1436,721,742]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">- Unbranched pelvic-fin ray not hypertrophied, not distally curved in adult males...................................(4)</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="30EC6BCA62019104FF4EFD65FA46FCA4" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<paragraph id="8BA7736F62019104FF4EFD65FA46FC86" blockId="81.[151,1436,222,1739]" box="[151,1435,750,771]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<keyLead id="30E9D05A62019104FF4EFD65FA46FC86" box="[151,1435,750,771]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">4. Terminal lateral-line tube on middle caudal-fin rays present...................................................(5)</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA7736F62019104FF4EFC87FA46FCA4" blockId="81.[151,1436,222,1739]" box="[151,1435,780,801]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<keyLead id="30E9D05A62019104FF4EFC87FA46FCA4" box="[151,1435,780,801]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">- Terminal lateral-line tube on middle caudal-fin rays absent....................................................(6)</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="30EC6BCA62019104FF4EFCA2FA46FC13" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<paragraph id="8BA7736F62019104FF4EFCA2FA41FCDE" blockId="81.[151,1436,222,1739]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<keyLead id="30E9D05A62019104FF4EFCA2FA41FCDE" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">5. Posteroventral pouch-scale lobe of adult males absent or reduced; caudal peduncle blotch conspicuous, more developed vertically than longitudinally...............................................................................(8)</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA7736F62019104FF4EFCEFFA46FC13" blockId="81.[151,1436,222,1739]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<keyLead id="30E9D05A62019104FF4EFCEFFA46FC13" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">- Posteroventral pouch-scale lobe of adult males well developed, oriented toward posteriormost ventral procurrent rays of caudal fin; caudal peduncle blotch absent, diffuse or, when conspicuous, more developed longitudinally than vertically..........(9)</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="30EC6BCA62019104FF4EFC15FA46FBC3" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<paragraph id="8BA7736F62019104FF4EFC15FA46FC6B" blockId="81.[151,1436,222,1739]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<keyLead id="30E9D05A62019104FF4EFC15FA46FC6B" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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6. Humeral blotch absent;
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<emphasis id="B96CAF7D62019104FE17FC15FD9BFC36" box="[462,582,926,947]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">interradialis</emphasis>
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muscles not surpassing posterodorsal border of pouch scale in adult males; outermost branched pectoral-fin ray of adult males moderately branched, never forming fan-shaped structure, without bony hooks and
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<taxonomicName id="4C1808EC62019104FF38FC52FED1FC6B" box="[225,268,985,1006]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="dark">dark</taxonomicName>
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pigmentation distally.......................................................................
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<taxonomicName id="4C1808EC62019104FAE9FC52FA46FC6B" ID-CoL="3FTRM" box="[1328,1435,985,1006]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Gephyrocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valencia">
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<emphasis id="B96CAF7D62019104FAE9FC52FA46FC6B" box="[1328,1435,985,1006]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">G. valencia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA7736F62019104FF4EFC7DFA46FBC3" blockId="81.[151,1436,222,1739]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<keyLead id="30E9D05A62019104FF4EFC7DFA46FBC3" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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- Humeral blotch present;
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<emphasis id="B96CAF7D62019104FE05FC7DFD89FB8E" box="[476,596,1014,1035]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">interradialis</emphasis>
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muscles surpassing posterodorsal border of pouch scale in adult males; outermost branched pectoral-fin ray of adult males highly branched distally forming fan-shaped structure with few minute bony hooks and whitish area or
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<taxonomicName id="4C1808EC62019104FE47FBBAFE14FBC3" box="[414,457,1073,1094]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="dark">dark</taxonomicName>
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blotch (sometimes black, orange, or reddish in live specimens of
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<emphasis id="B96CAF7D62019104FBE6FBBAFB13FBC3" box="[1087,1230,1073,1094]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">G. m e lanoche ir</emphasis>
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)..............(7)
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="30EC6BCA62019104FF4EFBC5FA48FAB4" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<paragraph id="8BA7736F62019104FF4EFBC5FA46FB3E" blockId="81.[151,1436,222,1739]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<keyLead id="30E9D05A62019104FF4EFBC5FA46FB3E" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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7. Vertebrae 38–39; snout length 22.1–28.4 % HL; five anterior dorsal-fin rays with intense
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<taxonomicName id="4C1808EC62019104FB8BFBC5FBA0FBE6" box="[1106,1149,1102,1123]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="dark">dark</taxonomicName>
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pigmentation at theirs bases; pouch scale of adult males reaching dorsally to caudal-fin ray 10 or area between rays 9 and 10; adipose fin present; adult specimens with anterior fontanel well developed or, if frontals slightly contacting, forming a medium-sized opening.....................................................................................................
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<taxonomicName id="4C1808EC62019104FAD0FB2DFA46FB3E" ID-CoL="3FTRJ" box="[1289,1435,1190,1211]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Gephyrocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanocheir">
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<emphasis id="B96CAF7D62019104FAD0FB2DFA46FB3E" box="[1289,1435,1190,1211]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">G. melanocheir</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7736F62019104FF4EFB4FFA48FAB4" blockId="81.[151,1436,222,1739]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
|||
|
|
<keyLead id="30E9D05A62019104FF4EFB4FFA48FAB4" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
|||
|
|
- Vertebrae 40–41; snout length 28.3–31.8 % HL; five anterior dorsal-fin rays without intense
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1808EC62019104FB87FB4FFB54FB5C" box="[1118,1161,1220,1241]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="dark">dark</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
pigmentation at theirs bases (rays faintly dusky by scattered chromatophores); pouch scale of adult males reaching dorsally to caudal-fin ray 10 or area between rays 11 and 12; adipose fin usually absent or vestigial (> 80% of examined specimens); adult specimens with anterior fontanel absent or extremely reduced by extensive contact between frontals................................
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1808EC62019104FAE5FA97FA48FAB4" ID-CoL="3FTRL" box="[1340,1429,1308,1329]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Gephyrocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torresi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96CAF7D62019104FAE5FA97FA48FAB4" box="[1340,1429,1308,1329]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">G. torresi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|||
|
|
<keyStep id="30EC6BCA62019104FF4EFAB2FA46FA23" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7736F62019104FF4EFAB2FA46FAEE" blockId="81.[151,1436,222,1739]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
|||
|
|
<keyLead id="30E9D05A62019104FF4EFAB2FA46FAEE" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
|||
|
|
8. Dorsal and ventral procurrent rays and principal rays
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFA655AF62019104FD06FAB2FCB0FACB" box="[735,877,1337,1358]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" value="1919-01-06" valueMax="1919-01-14" valueMin="1919-01-06">1–6 and 14–19</date>
|
|||
|
|
of caudal fin with intense
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1808EC62019104FBB2FAB2FB4BFACB" box="[1131,1174,1337,1358]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="dark">dark</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
pigmentation; gill gland of adult males present........................................................................
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1808EC62019104FADAFADDFA46FAEE" box="[1283,1435,1366,1387]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Deuterodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atracaudatus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96CAF7D62019104FADAFADDFA46FAEE" box="[1283,1435,1366,1387]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">G. atracaudatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7736F62019104FF4EFAFFFA46FA23" blockId="81.[151,1436,222,1739]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
|||
|
|
<keyLead id="30E9D05A62019104FF4EFAFFFA46FA23" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
|||
|
|
- Caudal-fin rays without intense
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1808EC62019104FDCEFAFFFD9FFA0C" box="[535,578,1396,1417]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="dark">dark</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
pigmentation, rays usually light gray and with scattered
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1808EC62019104FBBEFAFFFB4FFA0C" box="[1127,1170,1396,1417]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="dark">dark</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
chromatophores; gill gland of adult males usually absent (present only in five of 87 examined specimens)..........................
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1808EC62019104FAC9FA1AFA46FA23" ID-CoL="3FTRF" box="[1296,1435,1425,1446]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Gephyrocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96CAF7D62019104FAC9FA1AFA46FA23" box="[1296,1435,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">G. intermedius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|||
|
|
<keyStep id="30EC6BCA62019104FF4EFA25FA41F99E" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7736F62019104FF4EFA25FA46FA64" blockId="81.[151,1436,222,1739]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
|||
|
|
<keyLead id="30E9D05A62019104FF4EFA25FA46FA64" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
|||
|
|
9. Caudal peduncle blotch large and conspicuous, extending beyond midlength of middle caudal-fin rays; denticles absent on gill rakers; teeth of inner premaxillary row with cusps forming an anteriorly concave arch......................
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1808EC62019104FAC1FA47FA46FA64" ID-CoL="3FTRN" box="[1304,1435,1484,1505]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Gephyrocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venezuelae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96CAF7D62019104FAC1FA47FA46FA64" box="[1304,1435,1484,1505]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">G. venezuelae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7736F62019104FF4EFA62FA41F99E" blockId="81.[151,1436,222,1739]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
|||
|
|
<keyLead id="30E9D05A62019104FF4EFA62FA41F99E" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">- Caudal peduncle blotch absent, weakly demarcated or, when well defined, not exceeding midlength of middle caudal-fin rays; denticles present on gill rakers; teeth of inner premaxillary row with collinear cusps...............................(10)</keyLead>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|||
|
|
<keyStep id="30EC6BCA62019104FF4EF9AFFA46F94E" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7736F62019104FF4EF9AFFA46F9F6" blockId="81.[151,1436,222,1739]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
|||
|
|
<keyLead id="30E9D05A62019104FF4EF9AFFA46F9F6" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
|||
|
|
10. Vertebrae 41–42; adult males with an intense
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1808EC62019104FD47F9AFFD14F9BC" box="[670,713,1572,1593]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="dark">dark</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
pigmentation (often red in life) between pelvic- and anal-fin origins; least interorbital width 27.1–33.7 % HL; caudal peduncle blotch absent or, when present, diffuse, not reaching midlength of middle caudal-fin rays.............................................................................. ..
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1808EC62019104FAFEF9D5FA46F9F6" ID-CoL="3FTRB" box="[1319,1435,1630,1651]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Gephyrocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caucanus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96CAF7D62019104FAFEF9D5FA46F9F6" box="[1319,1435,1630,1651]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">G. caucanus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7736F62019104FF4EF9F7FA46F94E" blockId="81.[151,1436,222,1739]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
|||
|
|
<keyLead id="30E9D05A62019104FF4EF9F7FA46F94E" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
|||
|
|
- Vertebrae 39–40; adult males lacking intense
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1808EC62019104FD7BF9F7FD10F914" box="[674,717,1660,1681]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="dark">dark</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
pigmentation near pelvic-fin origin; least interorbital width 35.3–43.7 % HL; caudal peduncle blotch conspicuous, more concentrated on middle caudal-fin rays than on caudal peduncle, and reaching midlength of middle caudal-fin rays.............................................................
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1808EC62019104FACEF93DFA46F94E" ID-CoL="6KCZ9" box="[1303,1435,1718,1739]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Gephyrocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chocoensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96CAF7D62019104FACEF93DFA46F94E" box="[1303,1435,1718,1739]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">G. chocoensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|