195 lines
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195 lines
19 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697" ID-GBIF-Dataset="89be094e-6732-48a6-b5aa-74053d16f748" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189600013" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1066-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" ID-ZooBank="133CE040A5AF44F1BC9A558C2F06A8AA" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1066-1" checkinTime="1635480455043" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J. & Lombard, Amanda T." docDate="2021" docId="F022470C5DEE8F9F882904621442AFDD" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1066: 1-198" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1066" docPubDate="2021-10-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697" docTitle="Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) ephyala Alcock 1891" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" masterDocTitle="Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="198" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1635513010010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Filander, Zoleka N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6905-4440</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Biodiversity and Coastal Research, Oceans and Coasts, Department of Environment, Forestry, and Fisheries, Cape Town, South Africa & Zoology Department, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">zfilander@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kitahara, Marcelo V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Ciencias do Mar, Santos, Brazil & Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Sebastiao, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sink, Kerry J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa & Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lombard, Amanda T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-10-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1066</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>198</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1066-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">133CE040A5AF44F1BC9A558C2F06A8AA</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="189600013" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F022470C5DEE8F9F882904621442AFDD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F022470C5DEE8F9F882904621442AFDD" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authority="Alcock, 1891" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1891" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Caryophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) ephyala" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ephyala" subGenus="Caryophyllia">Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) ephyala Alcock, 1891</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A, B Anomocora fecunda (SAMC _ A 073042, off Shaka's Rock, 200 m) A calicular view B lateral view C, F Anomocora marchadi C, D (SAMC _ A 090093, off Durban, 49 m) C calicular view D lateral view E, F (SAM _ H 3100, off Shaka's Rock, 66 m) E calicular view F lateral view G, H Aulocyathus juvenescens (Mortensen 25, off Durban, 424 m) G calicular view H lateral view I, J Aulocyathus sp. cf. Aulocyathus matricidus (DIa 1, locality data unknown) I calicular view J lateral view K, L Caryophyllia (Acanthocyathus) grayi (USNM 91541, off Kosi Bay, 98 m) K calicular view L lateral view M, N Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) diomedeae (MN _ SM 129, off Margate, 850 m) M calicular view N lateral view N, O Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) ephyala (SAMC _ A 072974, off Paternoster, 440 m) O Calicular view P Lateral view. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604104" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 1O, P</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1891" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Caryophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryophyllia ephyala" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ephyala">Caryophyllia ephyala</taxonomicName>
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Alcock in Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891: 6-2. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Alcock, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B5" refString="Alcock, A, 1898. An account of the deep-sea Madreporaria collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator. Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. 29 p. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.27614" title="An account of the deep-sea Madreporaria collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator. Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. 29 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 27614" year="1898">Alcock 1898</bibRefCitation>
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: 13-14, pl. 1, fig. 4, 4A. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Gardiner, J" journalOrPublisher="Marine Investigations of South Africa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="97 - 129" refId="B99" refString="Gardiner, J, 1904. The turbinolid corals of South Africa, with notes on their anatomy and variation. Marine Investigations of South Africa 3 (4): 97 - 129" title="The turbinolid corals of South Africa, with notes on their anatomy and variation." volume="3" year="1904">Gardiner 1904</bibRefCitation>
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: 117-118. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Yabe, H" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Imperial Academy of Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="387 - 390" refId="B316" refString="Yabe, H, Eguchi, M, 1932a. A study of the Recent deep-water coral fauna of Japan. Proceedings of the Imperial Academy of Japan 8 (8): 387 - 390" title="A study of the Recent deep-water coral fauna of Japan." volume="8" year="1932 a">Yabe and Eguchi 1932a</bibRefCitation>
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: 388-389. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 292" refId="B50" refString="Cairns, S, Keller, N, 1993. New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology. Annals of the South African Museum 103 (5): 213 - 292" title="New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology." volume="103" year="1993">Cairns and Keller 1993</bibRefCitation>
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: 219.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Off the western margin of Andaman Sea, India (HMS
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Investigator’">'Investigator'</normalizedToken>
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stn. 56); 439-402 m (
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<bibRefCitation author="Wood-Mason, J" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B314" refString="Wood-Mason, J, Alcock, A, 1891. Natural history notes from H.M. Indian marine survey steamer 'Investigator', Commander R.F. Hoskyn, R.N., commanding. No. 21. Note on the results of the last season's deep-sea dredging. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 7, Sixth series (37): 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939109460573" title="Natural history notes from H. M. Indian marine survey steamer ' Investigator', Commander R. F. Hoskyn, R. N., commanding. No. 21. Note on the results of the last season's deep-sea dredging. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 7, Sixth series (37): 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939109460573" year="1891">Wood-Mason and Alcock 1891</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Types are presumably deposited at the IM.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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SAMC_A072974 (
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<specimenCount type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
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): Western margin,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" unit="km" value="168.0">168 km</quantity>
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off PATERNOSTER/
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<quantity metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.73" unit="km" value="173.0">173 km</quantity>
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off Brak Estuary,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="41.99" value="-32.094997">32°05'41.99"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="47.99" value="16.329998">16°19'47.99"E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<specimenCount type="generic">
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<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" unit="m" value="440.0">440 m</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Corallum ceratoid, attached, tapering to a slightly curved and slender pedicel (PD:GCD = 0.20). Calice slightly elliptical (GCD:LCD = 1.1), with slightly lancet calicular margin. Largest specimen examined (SAMC_A072974) 11.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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9.9 mm in CD, 2.4 mm in PD, and 23.0 mm in H. Costae poorly developed, but C1-2 more prominent and double the width of C3-4. C3-4 equal in width. All costae prominent at calicular margin, disappearing towards base, and separated by shallow and thin intercostal furrows. Theca glistening, with faint costal ridges. Corallum white to light brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Septa hexamerally arranged in four complete cycles according to the formula: S1 ≥ S2> S3> S4 (48 septa). S1 highly exsert, and extend towards columella with slightly sinuous axial margins. S2 equal to or slightly less wide and exsert than S1, but otherwise similar in profile. Higher cycle septa progressively less exsert, but S4 more exsert than S3. S4 joining neighbouring S1-2 and forming a slightly lanceted calicular margin. S32/3 the width of S2, but have a more sinuous axial margin. Each S3 bears a thin and sinuous pali (12 P3). S4 rudimentary, with straight to slightly sinuous axial margins. All septa and pali covered in granules. Fossa of moderate depth, containing a fascicular columella composed of five or six ribbon-like elements.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Regional: Western and eastern (
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<bibRefCitation author="Gardiner, J" journalOrPublisher="Marine Investigations of South Africa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="97 - 129" refId="B99" refString="Gardiner, J, 1904. The turbinolid corals of South Africa, with notes on their anatomy and variation. Marine Investigations of South Africa 3 (4): 97 - 129" title="The turbinolid corals of South Africa, with notes on their anatomy and variation." volume="3" year="1904">Gardiner 1904</bibRefCitation>
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) margin of South Africa, off Paternoster extending towards Buffalo River mouth (
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<bibRefCitation author="Gardiner, J" journalOrPublisher="Marine Investigations of South Africa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="97 - 129" refId="B99" refString="Gardiner, J, 1904. The turbinolid corals of South Africa, with notes on their anatomy and variation. Marine Investigations of South Africa 3 (4): 97 - 129" title="The turbinolid corals of South Africa, with notes on their anatomy and variation." volume="3" year="1904">Gardiner 1904</bibRefCitation>
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); 146-567 m. Elsewhere: Japan (
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<bibRefCitation author="Yabe, H" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Imperial Academy of Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="387 - 390" refId="B316" refString="Yabe, H, Eguchi, M, 1932a. A study of the Recent deep-water coral fauna of Japan. Proceedings of the Imperial Academy of Japan 8 (8): 387 - 390" title="A study of the Recent deep-water coral fauna of Japan." volume="8" year="1932 a">Yabe and Eguchi 1932a</bibRefCitation>
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); Andaman Sea (Alcock 1891); 146-1289 m (
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 292" refId="B50" refString="Cairns, S, Keller, N, 1993. New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology. Annals of the South African Museum 103 (5): 213 - 292" title="New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology." volume="103" year="1993">Cairns and Keller 1993</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1891" class="Anthozoa" family="Stenocyathidae" genus="Caryophyllia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryophyllia (C.) ephyala" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ephyala" subGenus="C.">Caryophyllia (C.) ephyala</taxonomicName>
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belongs to the largest morphological group of the genus, having septa hexamerally arranged in four complete cycles, and when keyed out comes closest to
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<taxonomicName family="Rhizangiidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. huinayensis" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="huinayensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. huinayensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Cairns,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Häussermann">Haeussermann</normalizedToken>
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&
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Försterra">Foersterra</normalizedToken>
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, 2005. However,
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<taxonomicName family="Rhizangiidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. ephyala" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephyala">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. ephyala</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished from
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<taxonomicName family="Rhizangiidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. huinayensis" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="huinayensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. huinayensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in its calicular margin being slightly lanceted and having S3 larger than S4. Furthermore, these species differ in distributional range, of which
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<taxonomicName family="Rhizangiidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. ephyala" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephyala">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. ephyala</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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|
|
is known from the Indian Ocean and
|
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|
<taxonomicName family="Rhizangiidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. huinayensis" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="huinayensis">
|
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|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. huinayensis</emphasis>
|
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|
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</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
recorded in the South Pacific. Among the South African caryophylliids,
|
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|
|
<taxonomicName family="Rhizangiidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. ephyala" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephyala">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. ephyala</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
superficially resembles
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Rhizangiidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. scobinosa" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="scobinosa">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. scobinosa</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
Alcock, 1902 in having a slightly lanceted calicular margin, poorly developed costae, and a thin pedicel, but can be differentiated by having a circular calice, corallum attached, and consistently having four complete septa cycles. This species was previously reported from South Africa, off Mossel Bay extending north of Richards Bay (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Gardiner, J" journalOrPublisher="Marine Investigations of South Africa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="97 - 129" refId="B99" refString="Gardiner, J, 1904. The turbinolid corals of South Africa, with notes on their anatomy and variation. Marine Investigations of South Africa 3 (4): 97 - 129" title="The turbinolid corals of South Africa, with notes on their anatomy and variation." volume="3" year="1904">Gardiner 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
- specimens could not be traced). Thus, the new record reported herein extends its regional distribution to the South Atlantic, off Lamberts Bay.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|