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193 lines
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<document id="4B38B7695969BBCF0803F1502D3651F7" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.276876" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a52c737b-5f8e-48ab-a98a-d3d7aa3b8d44" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="276876" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460242194602" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis & Medianero, Enrique" docDate="2011" docId="03A487F3FFFAC602FF2A615BFC38EF87" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02774p047.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2774" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Synergus nicaraguensis Diaz & Gallardo 1998" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FF9DFF8BFFF2C60BFFBD6707FFA3EA1B" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of inquilines of oak gall wasps of Panama, with description of eight new species of Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini)" masterLastPageNumber="47" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698241067433" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="19E6D17181495879CB3FB9548E24E7A4">
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<mods:title id="0A8598F78BE51D962FA0B35277EDB1D4">Taxonomy of inquilines of oak gall wasps of Panama, with description of eight new species of Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="698AFDBD5CF30458502A09C8C4A106B5" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F65B9008AAB06D5FEE255EA1E4013E3F">Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="8BA85301EA3C6976A5F9A1539C68E8E5" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F8671DF523919AAA34A4A29316865A5C">Medianero, Enrique</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9C1E058BB18E8F287F3590F2188EF62A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="465DE0F08AF2B3DA04FA063B63D5304D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="818DA56A1569DD4821ED25906DA53EAC">
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<mods:date id="5516472A92F9316AABAFD5A314CC5E1A">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="05FA6846F77A6933DDC65910DA14DAF2" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="9B6FD0A8B791023035EE63313AE47252">2774</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="7DEA3CE152A227AE386FFB464E1634C6">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="42659A014B5A995F4355EBA556FF431D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.276876</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C3503295DDDE16B404CC72DB4974CCE4" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A487F3FFFAC602FF2A615BFC38EF87" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6189362" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119389906" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6189362" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487F3FFFAC602FF2A615BFC38EF87" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A487F3FFFAC602FF2A615BFC38EF87" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="C317656EFFFAC603FF2A615BFE1BEC8D" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFAC603FF2A615BFD7BEC6E" blockId="8.[151,728,1627,1686]" box="[151,728,1627,1654]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="D0FA8189FFFAC603FF2A615BFD7BEC6E" bold="true" box="[151,728,1627,1654]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFAC603FF2A615BFD7BEC6E" authority="Diaz & Gallardo, 1998" authorityName="Diaz & Gallardo" authorityYear="1998" box="[151,728,1627,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nicaraguensis">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFAC603FF2A615BFD7BEC6E" bold="true" box="[151,728,1627,1654]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFAC603FF2A615BFE14EC6D" bold="true" box="[151,439,1628,1654]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Synergus nicaraguensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B14FFFAC603FE02615CFD7BEC6E" author="Diaz" box="[447,728,1627,1653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Diaz, N. B. & Gallardo, F. (1998) Synergus nicaraguensis una nueva especie de agastoparasitoide de la familia Cynipidae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea). Revista nicaraguense de entomologia, 43, 41 - 51." type="journal article" year="1998">Diaz & Gallardo, 1998</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFAC603FF2A6178FE1BEC8D" blockId="8.[151,728,1627,1686]" box="[151,440,1662,1686]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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New record from
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFFAC603FEE26178FE1BEC8D" box="[351,440,1663,1686]" name="Panama" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Panama</collectingCountry>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C317656EFFFAC603FF2A61C1FE45ED19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFAC603FF2A61C1FE45ED19" blockId="8.[151,1436,1734,1975]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFAC603FF2A61C1FECAECC4" bold="true" box="[151,361,1734,1759]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Studied material.</emphasis>
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1 3, 5Ƥ, Chiriquí, Renacimiento,
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<quantity id="4CF59B00FFFAC603FCBB61C1FCCBECC5" box="[774,872,1734,1758]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="1270.0">1,270 m</quantity>
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, ex gall
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFAC603FC6E61C1FB2CECC4" box="[979,1167,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFAC603FC6E61C1FBC7ECC5" box="[979,1124,1734,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Disholcaspis</taxonomicName>
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sp.
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</emphasis>
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on
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFAC603FB7C61C0FA36ECC5" box="[1217,1429,1734,1758]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lancifolia">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFAC603FB7C61C0FA36ECC5" box="[1217,1429,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Quercus lancifolia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<date id="FFB31025FFFAC603FF2A61EDFEB1ED19" box="[151,274,1770,1794]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2008-11-24">24.xi.2008</date>
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. E. Medianero leg.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C317656EFFFAC602FF7A6009FD32EEF3" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFAC603FF7A6009FC3AEDAC" blockId="8.[151,1436,1734,1975]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFAC603FF7A6009FE56ED3C" bold="true" box="[199,501,1806,1831]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis and comments.</emphasis>
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This species is easily recognizable and can be distinguished from all of the remaining Neotropical
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFAC603FEF26034FE17ED51" box="[335,436,1843,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFAC603FEF26034FE17ED51" box="[335,436,1843,1866]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Synergus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species by having a forewing with a shaded infuscate area over the radial cell extended beyond the Rs vein. Other diagnostic features of this species are: radial cell short and wide, less than 2.5 times as long as wide. F1 3 as long as the pedicel. Metasomal T2+3 posteriorly closely and distinctly punctate, with the punctures extended over about 1/3 of the total length of the segment.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFBC602FF7A6790FA90EB24" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,1436]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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Until now, knowledge of this species was limited to the materials of the
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFFBC602FBAC679FFBE2EAAB" box="[1041,1089,152,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
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locality (Jinotega,
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFFBC602FAA26790FA37EAB4" box="[1311,1428,151,175]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B14FFFBC602FF2367BBFE02EACF" author="Diaz" box="[158,417,188,212]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Diaz, N. B. & Gallardo, F. (1998) Synergus nicaraguensis una nueva especie de agastoparasitoide de la familia Cynipidae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea). Revista nicaraguense de entomologia, 43, 41 - 51." type="journal article" year="1998">Diaz & Gallardo 1998</bibRefCitation>
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). Our record from
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFFBC602FDCA67BAFD73EACF" box="[631,720,189,212]" name="Panama" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Panama</collectingCountry>
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is the second for this species in Central
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFFBC602FB2367BBFAA2EACF" box="[1182,1281,188,212]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">America</collectingCountry>
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, considerably increasing the size of its known distribution area. We examined the
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFFBC602FC3567E7FC1BEAE3" box="[904,952,224,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
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material of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFBC602FB8267E7FB5BEAE3" box="[1087,1272,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nicaraguensis">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFBC602FB8267E7FB5BEAE3" box="[1087,1272,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. nicaraguensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and compared it with our materials from
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFFBC602FE746602FD86EB07" box="[457,549,261,284]" name="Panama" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Panama</collectingCountry>
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. The Panamanian insects differ slightly from the
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFFBC602FBE26602FB2CEB06" box="[1119,1167,261,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
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material in their coloration, especially with respect to their almost entirely yellow legs, which are darker in the
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFFBC602FBC2662FFB0CEB5B" box="[1151,1199,296,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
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specimens.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFBC602FF7A664CFD62EB9C" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,1436]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFBC602FF7A664CFDB7EB7F" bold="true" box="[199,532,331,356]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Additional descriptive data.</emphasis>
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Some descriptive date and illustrations of morphological characters which were omitted in the original description are here given.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFBC602FF7A6693FB2AE827" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,1436]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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Female (habitus,
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<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFBC602FE356693FE7BEBB7" box="[392,472,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1838,1861]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,193,1817]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 19. Habitus of Synergus species: (A) Synergus nicaraguensis, female. (B) Synergus nicaraguensis, male. (C) Synergus colombianus, female. (D) Synergus colombianus, male. (E) Synergus rufinotaulis, female. (F) Synergus rufinotaulis, male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276895/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
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A). Head in dorsal view (
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<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFBC602FD4F6693FC96EBB7" box="[754,821,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1822,1845]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1801]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 4. Head dorsal view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus ibericus. (B) Synergus nicaraguensis. (C) Synergus chiricanus. (D) Synergus gabrieli. (E) Synergus luteus. (F) Synergus baruensis. (G) Synergus rufinotaulis, male. (H) Synergus rufinotaulis, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276880/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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B) 2 times as wide as long; genae not expanded behind compound eye. POL 1.5 as OOL, posterior ocellus separated from inner orbit of eye by about its diameter. Head in anterior view (
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<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFBC602FE8166DBFEDCEBEF" box="[316,383,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1897]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 2. Head anterior view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus gabrieli. (B) Synergus chiricanus. (C) Synergus baruensis. (D) Synergus rufinotaulis. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus luteus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276878/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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E) 1.3 times wider than high. Facial carinae regular, deep, reaching ventral margin of eye and ventral margin of toruli; not branched near margin compound eyes. Ventral margin of clypeus straight. Frons with wide, slightly branched frontal carinae, reaching ocelli, weak piliferous punctures present.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFBC602FF7A6540FB64E89F" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,1436]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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Female antenna with 14 segments (
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<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFBC602FDF26540FD32E844" box="[591,657,583,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[166,1429,151,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[166,1431,147,1946]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 5. Female antennae of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Agastoroxenia panamensis. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus colombianus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus baruensis. (G) Synergus luteus. (H) Synergus mesoamericanus. (I) Synergus chiricanus (J) Synergus elegans. (K) Synergus rufinotaulis. (L) Synergus gabrieli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276881/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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E). Pedicel 1. 2 as long as wide; F1 as long as F2. Ultimate flagellomere 1.8 times as long as F11. F1 of male curved in de middle and moderately expanded apically.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFBC602FF7A6597FC51E9BF" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,1436]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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Pronotum without a lateral pronotal carina. Lateral surface of pronotum with rugose sculpture. Mesoscutum (
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<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFBC602FF2265B3FF42E8D7" box="[159,225,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1192]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,193,1192]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 8. Mesosoma dorsal view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus rufinotaulis. (E) Synergus mesoamericanus. (F) Synergus nicaraguensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276884/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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F) with wide, transverse, undulate, interrupted rugae, the interspaces with coriarious sculpture. Notauli percurrent, convergent posteriorly, wider than transscutal fissure; narrowly separated at meeting with the transscutal fissure. Median mesoscutal impression visible in posterior three quarts of mesoscutum but shallow. Scutellar foveae large, ellipsoidal, smooth, anterior margins widely divergent from the trasscutal fissure, posterior margins distinct. Scutellum not margined laterally, with strongly rugose sculpture. Mesopleuron (
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<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFBC602FB256443FB49E947" box="[1176,1258,836,860]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1803,1826]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,176,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,171,1783]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 11. Mesosoma lateral view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Synergus nicaraguensis. (B) Synergus chiricanus. (C) Synergus gabrieli. (D) Synergus rufinotaulis. (E) Synergus luteus. (F) Synergus baruensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276887/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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A) with strong, irregular, longitudinal striae, extended into the entire surface of mesopleuron; coriarious sculpture visible in the interspaces. Lateral propodeal carinae distinct, broad, subparallel (
|
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|
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<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFBC602FCC2648BFC72E9BF" box="[895,977,908,932]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1228,1251]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1206]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,193,1207]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 12. Propodeum posterior view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus chiricanus. (B) Synergus gabrieli. (C) Synergus nicaraguensis. (D) Synergus ramoni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276888/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
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C).
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFBC602FF7A64A8FE81E9F7" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,1436]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
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Tarsal claw (
|
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<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFBC602FEEA64A8FE04E9DC" box="[343,423,943,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1268,1291]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1246]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,193,1247]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 16. Metatarsal claws of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus ramoni. (C) Synergus nicaraguensis. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Synergus luteus. (F) Synergus gabrieli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276892/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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C) with base produced into a large secondary acute tooth measuring about 1/2 of length of apical tooth.
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFBC602FF7A64F0FCB7EE43" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,1436]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
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Forewing (
|
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<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFBC602FEF964F0FE3BEE14" box="[324,408,1015,1039]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,145,1945]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 17. Forewing of Synergus species: (A) Synergus laticephalus. (B) Synergus elegans. (C) Synergus ramoni (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus rufinotaulis. (G) Synergus gabrieli. (H) Synergus chiricanus. (I) Synergus luteus. (J) Synergus baruensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276893/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
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E). Present a shaded infuscate area over the radial cell and extended beyond the Rs vein; radial cell short and wide, less than 2.5 as long as wide; vein Rs+M visible. Basal cell with dense, closely spaced setae. Apical margin of wing with a short fringe of setae.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFBC602FF7A6362FD32EEF3" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,1436]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
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Metasoma (
|
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|
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<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFBC602FEF66363FE3FEE67" box="[331,412,1124,1148]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1669,1692]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1648]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,193,1648]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 13. Metasoma lateral view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus rufinotaulis. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus ramoni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276889/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
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E). Metasomal tergum T2+3 fused, smooth and shining, with close and distinct micropunctures in posterior half of metasoma; anteromedian area with a small group of 3–4 setae. Projecting part of hypopygial spine quite extended beyond attachment of lateral flap (
|
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<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFBC602FCEA63ABFC08EEDF" box="[855,939,1196,1220]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1109,1132]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1087]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,193,1088]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 15. Hypopygium ventral view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus gabrieli. (D) Synergus luteus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus mesoamericanus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276891/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
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E); hypopigial setae arranged in two rows; apical setae not projected beyond apex spine.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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|
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</subSubSection>
|
|||
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<subSubSection id="C317656EFFFBC602FF7A63F4FB15EF17" box="[199,1206,1267,1292]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
|
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|
|
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFBC602FF7A63F4FB15EF17" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,1436]" box="[199,1206,1267,1292]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFBC602FF7A63F4FEC3EF17" bold="true" box="[199,352,1267,1292]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
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Recorded from
|
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|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFFBC602FDAA63F3FD29EF17" box="[535,650,1268,1292]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
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and now from
|
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|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFFBC602FC8863F2FC2EEF17" box="[821,909,1269,1292]" name="Panama" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
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(Chiriquí, Renacimiento).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFFBC602FF7A6210FC38EF87" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="biology_ecology">
|
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|
|
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFBC602FF7A6210FC38EF87" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,1436]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFBC602FF7A6210FE84EF2B" bold="true" box="[199,295,1303,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Biology.</emphasis>
|
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|
|
The species was originally recorded as an inquiline in an unidentified stem gall on
|
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|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFBC602FB64621FFA3FEF2B" box="[1241,1436,1304,1328]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oleoides">
|
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|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFBC602FB64621FFA3FEF2B" box="[1241,1436,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Quercus oleoides</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
that was similar to galls of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFBC602FE73623BFBE0EF4F" authority="Diaz & Gallardo 1998" authorityName="Diaz & Gallardo" authorityYear="1998" box="[462,1091,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Xanthoteras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusforticorne">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFBC602FE73623BFC84EF4F" box="[462,807,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Xanthoteras quercusforticorne</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B14FFFBC602FC8A623BFB99EF4F" author="Diaz" box="[823,1082,1340,1364]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Diaz, N. B. & Gallardo, F. (1998) Synergus nicaraguensis una nueva especie de agastoparasitoide de la familia Cynipidae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea). Revista nicaraguense de entomologia, 43, 41 - 51." type="journal article" year="1998">Diaz & Gallardo 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. We have reared this inquiline from galls of an undescribed
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFBC602FE596267FDD6EF63" box="[484,629,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFBC602FE596267FDD6EF63" box="[484,629,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Disholcaspis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
species (Medianero & Nieves-Aldrey, unpublished). The host galls are gregarious and are formed in stems of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFBC602FDFB6282FCB5EF87" box="[582,790,1412,1436]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lancifolia">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFBC602FDFB6282FCB5EF87" box="[582,790,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Quercus lancifolia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFBC602FC9B6283FCD4EF87" box="[806,887,1412,1436]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[183,1418,151,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[183,1419,143,1939]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 21. Host galls of Synergus species from Panama: (A) Amphibolips castroviejoi. (B) Andricus championi. (C) Trigonaspis sp. indet., female?. (D) Andricus guatemalensis. (E) Neuroterus sp. nov. (F) gen. sp. indet. (G) Callirhytis sp. nov. (H) Disholcaspis sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276897/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
H).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|