treatments-xml/data/9C/60/53/9C60535A1555E519FEC2762BFCBCFB0A.xml

<document id="47144533D0FF17DB7A2F58BBDB2C4091" ID-CLB-Dataset="51381" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.156316" ID-GBIF-Dataset="290c2f0a-3119-45e2-a645-f8acbb6d45d0" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="156316" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459579986068" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Breedy, Odalisca &amp; Guzmán, Héctor M." docDate="2003" docId="9C60535A1555E519FEC2762BFCBCFB0A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00128.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 128" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Pacifigorgia rubinoffi Breedy &amp; Guzmán, 2003, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="60592B221557E51FFFCA703DFFAEFFFC" masterDocTitle="A new species of Pacifigorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae) from Panamá" masterLastPageNumber="10" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1698202880504" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="9AF488D1C1B6329EF8B1A4783C5F7748">A new species of Pacifigorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae) from Panamá</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="036680076B06D7E1057F162F4C029B73">Breedy, Odalisca</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D0DC91023BBE0BB9EFAAD1C4B92CCD5D">Guzmán, Héctor M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="9004D1575E363EA1CDEBFB36B5C073AC">2003</mods:date>
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<treatment id="9C60535A1555E519FEC2762BFCBCFB0A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6274028" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119330919" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6274028" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C60535A1555E519FEC2762BFCBCFB0A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C60535A1555E519FEC2762BFCBCFB0A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="4F3E55201555E51DFEC2762BFD04F9CC" bold="true" box="[264,682,1558,1584]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
<emphasis id="26BD3E5E1555E51DFEC2762BFD04F9CC" bold="true" box="[264,682,1558,1584]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="D3C999CF1555E51DFEC2762BFDBCF9CC" ID-CoL="4BW5S" box="[264,530,1558,1584]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Pacifigorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubinoffi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="26BD3E5E1555E51DFEC2762BFDBCF9CC" bold="true" box="[264,530,1558,1584]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Pacifigorgia rubinoffi</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="3D8E83251555E51DFDD3762BFD04F9CC" box="[537,682,1558,1584]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
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<paragraph id="1476E24C1555E51DFEC27604FE21F9AF" blockId="2.[264,682,1558,1619]" box="[264,399,1593,1619]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<figureCitation id="8CF2FEC91555E51DFEC27604FE21F9AF" box="[264,399,1593,1619]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="3.[264,368,1724,1748]" captionStartId-1="5.[264,368,1766,1790]" captionStartId-2="8.[264,367,283,307]" captionTargetBox-1="[332,1256,1209,1740]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[332,1256,1209,1740]" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Pacifigorgia rubinoffi n. sp. A) holotype colony, dry specimen; B) living colonies photographed at 2 m deep in Frijol Islet; C) detail of the branches; D) branches showing the polyps; E) photomicrograph of sclerites showing their characteristic orange color." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Pacifigorgia rubinoffi n. sp., SEM­micrograph stereo pair of a branch from the holotype. oni" captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Pacifigorgia rubinoffi n. sp., SEM­micrographs of the sclerites, holotype. A) spindles with acute ends; A a, b) spindles with irregularly arranged tubercules; B) capstans; B a) capstans with intermediate forms to spindles; C) crosses; D) barrel­ or oval­shaped sclerites; E) anthocodial flat rods; F) immature sclerite forms." httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/156318/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figures 2­4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CD3B1C71555E51CFEC276B4FEFAF9CA" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1476E24C1555E51CFEC276B4FC9FFE2A" blockId="2.[264,1325,1673,1899]" lastBlockId="3.[264,1324,284,1590]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="26BD3E5E1555E51DFEC276B4FDAEF95F" bold="true" box="[264,512,1673,1699]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Material examined.</emphasis>
Southwest Brincanco Island, Gulf of Chiriquí, 
<collectingCountry id="6CDEA2DC1555E51DFB8E76B4FB0AF95F" box="[1092,1188,1673,1699]" name="Panama" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Panamá</collectingCountry>
, 
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, 
<date id="6077C48C1555E51DFAC476B4FE21F937" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2002-04-26">26 April 2002</date>
, dry, UCR 1024 (
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339), 
<typeStatus id="CB725CEE1555E51DFCCA768CFCC5F937" box="[768,875,1713,1739]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Northwest Canal de Afuera Islands, Gulf of Chiriquí, 
<collectingCountry id="6CDEA2DC1555E51DFE1576E4FD91F90F" box="[479,575,1753,1779]" name="Panama" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Panamá</collectingCountry>
, 
<quantity id="D3314FA91555E51DFD8776E4FD37F90F" box="[589,665,1753,1779]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1­4 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="6077C48C1555E51DFD6D76E4FC3EF90F" box="[679,912,1753,1779]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2001-12-10">10 December 2001</date>
, coll. H.M. Guzmán, 
<collectionCode id="72D87A891555E51DFB5076E4FB74F90F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" box="[1178,1242,1753,1779]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">MCZ</collectionCode>
50655 (
<collectionCode id="72D87A891555E51DFEDA773CFEFFF8E7" box="[272,337,1793,1819]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">STRI</collectionCode>
16), preserved in ethanol, UCR 1027 (
<collectionCode id="72D87A891555E51DFCD4773CFCF1F8E7" box="[798,863,1793,1819]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">STRI</collectionCode>
16A), dry, 
<typeStatus id="CB725CEE1555E51DFC22773CFBFFF8E7" box="[1000,1105,1793,1819]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
. Frijol South Islet, Gulf of Chiriquí, 
<collectingCountry id="6CDEA2DC1555E51DFE177714FD93F8BF" box="[477,573,1833,1859]" name="Panama" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Panamá</collectingCountry>
, 
<quantity id="D3314FA91555E51DFD817714FD38F8BF" box="[587,662,1833,1859]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1­4 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="6077C48C1555E51DFD6E7714FCFFF8BF" box="[676,849,1833,1859]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2002-04-25">25 April 2002</date>
, coll. H.M. Guzmán, UCR 1024 (
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324), 1025 (
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325), dry 
<typeStatus id="CB725CEE1555E51DFD98776CFD68F897" box="[594,710,1873,1899]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
. Frijol South Islet, Gulf of Chiriquí, 
<collectingCountry id="6CDEA2DC1555E51DFBB9776CFB7DF897" box="[1139,1235,1873,1899]" name="Panama" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Panamá</collectingCountry>
, 
<quantity id="D3314FA91555E51DFB15776CFA89F897" box="[1247,1319,1873,1899]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1­4 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="6077C48C1554E51CFEC27121FE67FECA" box="[264,457,284,310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2002-08-24">24 August 2002</date>
, coll. H.M. Guzmán &amp; O. Breedy, UCR 1028 (
<collectionCode id="72D87A891554E51CFC317121FB92FECA" box="[1019,1084,284,310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">STRI</collectionCode>
391), dry, 
<typeStatus id="CB725CEE1554E51CFB757121FA86FECA" box="[1215,1320,284,310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
. Curly Islet, Gulf of Chiriquí, 
<collectingCountry id="6CDEA2DC1554E51CFDA07179FD64FEA2" box="[618,714,324,350]" name="Panama" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Panamá</collectingCountry>
, 
<quantity id="D3314FA91554E51CFD1D7179FC8FFEA2" box="[727,801,324,350]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1­4 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="6077C48C1554E51CFCE57179FC5FFEA2" box="[815,1009,324,350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2002-08-25">25 August 2002</date>
, coll. H.M. Guzmán &amp; O. Breedy, UCR 1029 (2) (
<collectionCode id="72D87A891554E51CFDED7151FDC6FE7A" box="[551,616,364,390]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">STRI</collectionCode>
398), preserved in ethanol, 
<typeStatus id="CB725CEE1554E51CFC737151FB8CFE7A" box="[953,1058,364,390]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
. Southwest Brincanco Island, Gulf of Chiriquí, 
<collectingCountry id="6CDEA2DC1554E51CFD8971A9FD0DFE52" box="[579,675,404,430]" name="Panama" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Panamá</collectingCountry>
, 
<quantity id="D3314FA91554E51CFD7E71A9FCACFE52" box="[692,770,404,430]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="3.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="1.0">1­5 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="6077C48C1554E51CFCD971A9FC70FE52" box="[787,990,404,430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2002-08-24">24 August 2002</date>
, coll. H.M. Guzmán &amp; O. Breedy, 
<collectionCode id="72D87A891554E51CFEA37181FE07FE2A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" box="[361,425,444,470]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MCZ</collectionCode>
50656 (
<collectionCode id="72D87A891554E51CFDC37181FDE4FE2A" box="[521,586,444,470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">STRI</collectionCode>
395), dry 
<typeStatus id="CB725CEE1554E51CFD0E7181FC83FE2A" box="[708,813,444,470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1476E24C1554E51CFEF271DEFDAEFDB2" blockId="3.[264,1324,284,1590]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="26BD3E5E1554E51CFEF271DEFE55FE01" bold="true" box="[312,507,483,509]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Other material.</emphasis>
Curly Islet, Contreras Archipelago, Gulf of Chiriquí, 
<collectingCountry id="6CDEA2DC1554E51CFBB971D9FB7DFE02" box="[1139,1235,484,510]" name="Panama" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Panamá</collectingCountry>
, 
<quantity id="D3314FA91554E51CFB1471D9FA88FE02" box="[1246,1318,484,510]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1­4 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="6077C48C1554E51CFEC27231FE2AFDDA" box="[264,388,524,550]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1925-08">25 August</date>
, 2002, coll. H.M. Guzmán &amp; O. Breedy, ten colonies preserved in ethanol, to be used in other studies.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1476E24C1554E51CFEF27266FEFAF9CA" blockId="3.[264,1324,284,1590]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="26BD3E5E1554E51CFEF27266FE1FFD89" bold="true" box="[312,433,603,629]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<typeStatus id="CB725CEE1554E51CFEF27266FE02FD89" box="[312,428,603,629]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Colony measures 
<quantity id="D3314FA91554E51CFD467261FD78FD8A" box="[652,726,604,630]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="cm" value="21.0">21 cm</quantity>
in height, and 
<quantity id="D3314FA91554E51CFC4D7261FC7DFD8A" box="[903,979,604,630]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="cm" value="26.0">26 cm</quantity>
, consists of a main fan and 3 small secondary fans. Colony arises from an oval, strong holdfast (
<quantity id="D3314FA91554E51CFBD572B9FBDDFD62" box="[1055,1139,644,670]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
in diameter). It has three thick branches (about 
<quantity id="D3314FA91554E51CFD487291FD69FD3A" box="[642,711,684,710]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
in diameter at the base) that reach up to the middle of the colony; the secondary fans sprout from them and radiate perpendicular to the main fan. No distinct midribs are present. Meshwork is regular, and closed, of mostly round meshes (up to 9 by 
<quantity id="D3314FA91554E51CFE327319FD9BFCC2" box="[504,565,804,830]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="5.0">5mm</quantity>
in diameter). Color of the colony is a bright deep orange (
<figureCitation id="8CF2FEC91554E51CFB367319FEB6FC9A" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[264,368,1724,1748]" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pacifigorgia rubinoffi n. sp. A) holotype colony, dry specimen; B) living colonies photographed at 2 m deep in Frijol Islet; C) detail of the branches; D) branches showing the polyps; E) photomicrograph of sclerites showing their characteristic orange color." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A). Calyces are round, slightly raised with slit­like apertures. Calyces are arranged not very close, distributed mostly in two rows on all sides of the branches, but in three or more rows on the thick branches (
<figureCitation id="8CF2FEC91554E51CFD9F73A1FD09FC4A" box="[597,679,924,950]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[264,368,1724,1748]" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pacifigorgia rubinoffi n. sp. A) holotype colony, dry specimen; B) living colonies photographed at 2 m deep in Frijol Islet; C) detail of the branches; D) branches showing the polyps; E) photomicrograph of sclerites showing their characteristic orange color." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
C, D, 3). Polyps are white, fully retractile into the coenenchyme (
<figureCitation id="8CF2FEC91554E51CFE5873F9FE75FC22" box="[402,475,964,990]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[264,368,1724,1748]" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pacifigorgia rubinoffi n. sp. A) holotype colony, dry specimen; B) living colonies photographed at 2 m deep in Frijol Islet; C) detail of the branches; D) branches showing the polyps; E) photomicrograph of sclerites showing their characteristic orange color." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D). Anthocodiae are weakly armed with collaret­like masses of slender orange and yellow rods at the base of the tentacles. The most common coenenchymal sclerites are capstans (
<figureCitation id="8CF2FEC91554E51CFDDF7429FDF7FBD2" box="[533,601,1044,1070]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pacifigorgia rubinoffi n. sp., SEM­micrographs of the sclerites, holotype. A) spindles with acute ends; A a, b) spindles with irregularly arranged tubercules; B) capstans; B a) capstans with intermediate forms to spindles; C) crosses; D) barrel­ or oval­shaped sclerites; E) anthocodial flat rods; F) immature sclerite forms." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig 4</figureCitation>
B) measuring 
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by 
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. They have a distinct waist and clusters of closely group tubercles at either end. Some show a tendency to have two whorls of tubercles (
<figureCitation id="8CF2FEC91554E51CFD417459FD65FB82" box="[651,715,1124,1150]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pacifigorgia rubinoffi n. sp., SEM­micrographs of the sclerites, holotype. A) spindles with acute ends; A a, b) spindles with irregularly arranged tubercules; B) capstans; B a) capstans with intermediate forms to spindles; C) crosses; D) barrel­ or oval­shaped sclerites; E) anthocodial flat rods; F) immature sclerite forms." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig 4</figureCitation>
Ba) and are intermediate to the coenenchymal spindles. The spindles (
<figureCitation id="8CF2FEC91554E51CFE2774B1FD83FB5A" box="[493,557,1164,1190]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pacifigorgia rubinoffi n. sp., SEM­micrographs of the sclerites, holotype. A) spindles with acute ends; A a, b) spindles with irregularly arranged tubercules; B) capstans; B a) capstans with intermediate forms to spindles; C) crosses; D) barrel­ or oval­shaped sclerites; E) anthocodial flat rods; F) immature sclerite forms." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig 4</figureCitation>
A) vary from 
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in length and 
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in width. They generally have from two to four whorls of tubercles and the sclerite's tips can be blunt or acute. The longer spindles tend to be narrow, with acute tips that can be slightly curved. On some spindles the tubercles are irregularly arranged, such as 
<figureCitation id="8CF2FEC91554E51CFB627539FB43FAE2" box="[1192,1261,1284,1310]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pacifigorgia rubinoffi n. sp., SEM­micrographs of the sclerites, holotype. A) spindles with acute ends; A a, b) spindles with irregularly arranged tubercules; B) capstans; B a) capstans with intermediate forms to spindles; C) crosses; D) barrel­ or oval­shaped sclerites; E) anthocodial flat rods; F) immature sclerite forms." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig 4</figureCitation>
Aa,b. Amongst the coenenchymal sclerites are some crosses, up to 
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in diameter (
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C), and some conspicuous barrel­ or oval­shaped sclerites up to 
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long (
<figureCitation id="8CF2FEC91554E51CFB547569FB49FA92" box="[1182,1255,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pacifigorgia rubinoffi n. sp., SEM­micrographs of the sclerites, holotype. A) spindles with acute ends; A a, b) spindles with irregularly arranged tubercules; B) capstans; B a) capstans with intermediate forms to spindles; C) crosses; D) barrel­ or oval­shaped sclerites; E) anthocodial flat rods; F) immature sclerite forms." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
D). A number of immature sclerite forms (
<figureCitation id="8CF2FEC91554E51CFD797541FD5CFA6A" box="[691,754,1404,1430]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pacifigorgia rubinoffi n. sp., SEM­micrographs of the sclerites, holotype. A) spindles with acute ends; A a, b) spindles with irregularly arranged tubercules; B) capstans; B a) capstans with intermediate forms to spindles; C) crosses; D) barrel­ or oval­shaped sclerites; E) anthocodial flat rods; F) immature sclerite forms." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig 4</figureCitation>
F) are also present. Sclerites are all usually deep orange or dark yellow. Anthocodial sclerites are light orange, somewhat flattened rods up to 
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by 
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with mostly smooth or lobed margins (
<figureCitation id="8CF2FEC91554E51CFC2575F1FB9BFA1A" box="[1007,1077,1484,1510]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pacifigorgia rubinoffi n. sp., SEM­micrographs of the sclerites, holotype. A) spindles with acute ends; A a, b) spindles with irregularly arranged tubercules; B) capstans; B a) capstans with intermediate forms to spindles; C) crosses; D) barrel­ or oval­shaped sclerites; E) anthocodial flat rods; F) immature sclerite forms." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
E). Spindly capstans, in small numbers, were also in the preparations of sclerites, as in most of the species of this genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="40B6B2C41554E51CFEC27681FC54F8E4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<paragraph id="1476E24C1554E51CFEC27681FC54F8E4" blockId="3.[264,1323,1724,1816]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="26BD3E5E1554E51CFEC27681FE24F928" bold="true" box="[264,394,1724,1748]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D3C999CF1554E51CFE5A7681FDD4F92F" box="[400,634,1724,1747]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Pacifigorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubinoffi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="26BD3E5E1554E51CFE5A7681FDD4F92F" box="[400,634,1724,1747]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pacifigorgia rubinoffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3D8E83251554E51CFD4A7681FD17F92F" box="[640,697,1724,1747]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A) holotype colony, dry specimen; B) living colonies photographed at 2 m deep in Frijol Islet; C) detail of the branches; D) branches showing the polyps; E) photomicrograph of sclerites showing their characteristic orange color.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="5CD3B1C71552E51AFEF27126FE45FBAA" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="1476E24C1552E51AFEF27126FE45FBAA" blockId="5.[264,1324,283,1110]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="26BD3E5E1552E51AFEF27126FE7EFEC9" bold="true" box="[312,464,283,309]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description.</emphasis>
Colonies are wider than high, up to 
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in height, and 
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in width, composed of several reticulate fans. Fans arise from strong, laminar holdfasts covered with coenenchyme bearing scarce, distant polyps, and spread over solid substrate. New branches and secondary fans originate directly from the holdfast, growing perpendicularly and forming complex multiplanar arrangements that also can be observed in small colonies. Several thick branches, up to 
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in diameter, can be traced from the base of the colonies and extend for some distance, but no distinct midribs totally cross the fans. Thinner branches, 
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in diameter, form a regular network of close meshes (around 11 meshes/cm²), mostly round or squarish, without angular corners, and up to 9 by 
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in size. End­branchlets are up to 
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in length, and there are few, short free­twigs that project into the lager meshes. Axes of the thick branches look dark purple, due to the color of the axial sheath sclerites (P. Alderslade, pers. comm.) and they are of a straw color in the thinner branches. Calyces and polyps are as described for the 
<typeStatus id="CB725CEE1552E51AFBEB72C1FB25FCEA" box="[1057,1163,764,790]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Color of the colonies, varies from a colorful deep orange (
<figureCitation id="8CF2FEC91552E51AFCE37319FCDEFCC2" box="[809,880,804,830]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[264,368,1724,1748]" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pacifigorgia rubinoffi n. sp. A) holotype colony, dry specimen; B) living colonies photographed at 2 m deep in Frijol Islet; C) detail of the branches; D) branches showing the polyps; E) photomicrograph of sclerites showing their characteristic orange color." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A, B, C), to a dark yellow (
<typeStatus id="CB725CEE1552E51AFB0E7319FA85FCC2" box="[1220,1323,804,830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
UCR 1026). In some preserved specimens (dry or ethanol), the sclerites around the apertures of the calyces are lighter than the others and form pale yellow rings (e.g. 
<typeStatus id="CB725CEE1552E51AFB717349FA85FC72" box="[1211,1323,884,910]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
UCR 1028, MCZ 50655 (STRI 16)). Sclerites are as described for the 
<typeStatus id="CB725CEE1552E51AFBF773A1FB09FC4A" box="[1085,1191,924,950]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, with some variation in color, from deep orange to dark yellow. Some variation exists also in the abundance of 
<typeStatus id="CB725CEE1552E51AFEBD73D1FE1BFBFA" box="[375,437,1004,1030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">types</typeStatus>
of sclerites, for example in the 
<typeStatus id="CB725CEE1552E51AFCFD73D1FC32FBFA" box="[823,924,1004,1030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
MCZ 50655 (STRI 16), spindles with acute ends are more abundant in the microscopic preparations of sclerites, than they are in the 
<typeStatus id="CB725CEE1552E51AFEB67401FE49FBAA" box="[380,487,1084,1110]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="40B6B2C41552E51AFEC276DBFEF1F8DC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156318/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[332,1256,1209,1740]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="1476E24C1552E51AFEC276DBFEF1F8DC" blockId="5.[264,1322,1766,1824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="26BD3E5E1552E51AFEC276DBFE25F902" bold="true" box="[264,395,1766,1790]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D3C999CF1552E51AFE5E76DAFDD1F902" box="[404,639,1767,1790]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Pacifigorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubinoffi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="26BD3E5E1552E51AFE5E76DAFDD1F902" box="[404,639,1767,1790]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pacifigorgia rubinoffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3D8E83251552E51AFD4D76DAFD6DF902" box="[647,707,1767,1790]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, SEM­micrograph stereo pair of a branch from the holotype.oni
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="5CD3B1C71551E519FEF27126FD08FE52" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="1476E24C1551E519FEF27126FD08FE52" blockId="6.[264,1324,283,1270]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="26BD3E5E1551E519FEF27126FE6BFEC9" bold="true" box="[312,453,283,309]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Etymology.</emphasis>
We dedicate this species to Dr. Ira Rubinoff, who has been the Director of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) since 1973; his vision and combination of political skill and scientific knowledge has made STRI one of the world's best center for basic research in the tropics.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CD3B1C71551E519FEF27186FDC5FB32" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="1476E24C1551E519FEF27186FE49FCEA" blockId="6.[264,1324,283,1270]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="26BD3E5E1551E519FEF27186FE1FFE29" bold="true" box="[312,433,443,469]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remarks.</emphasis>
The new species differs from other taxa in 
<taxonomicName id="D3C999CF1551E519FC707181FBE3FE29" box="[954,1101,444,469]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Pacifigorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26BD3E5E1551E519FC707181FBE3FE29" box="[954,1101,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pacifigorgia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having the following combination of characters. First, the colony is composed of multiple fans, a closed meshwork, a lack of distinct midribs, and a conspicuous orange color of both colony and sclerites. Second, it has a low occurrence of spindles with acute ends; in some colonies, however, an increase of this 
<typeStatus id="CB725CEE1551E519FD967261FD21FD8A" box="[604,655,604,630]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
is evident in the sclerite­preparations; the occurrence of spindles with bent ends, instead of the more common 
<typeStatus id="CB725CEE1551E519FCB072B9FC03FD62" box="[890,941,644,670]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
with straight ends. The presence of large, conspicuous, asymmetric rods; and the occurrence of barrels are also distinctive features. Finally, the anthocodial rods have mostly smooth borders and reach no more than 
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in length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1476E24C1551E519FEF2731EFDC5FB32" blockId="6.[264,1324,283,1270]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="26BD3E5E1551E519FEF2731EFE31FCC1" bold="true" box="[312,415,803,829]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Habitat.</emphasis>
Populations of this species were found in shallow water from 
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at eight sites only in the Gulf of Chiriquí; they grow on rocky substrates in zones of strong swell and currents. Populations are patchily distributed, but can constitute the dominant species in a small (&lt;
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2) area. Population abundance (number of colonies) was recorded at each site (see 
<figureCitation id="8CF2FEC91551E519FD8E73F9FD27FC22" box="[580,649,964,990]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[264,368,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[446,1141,604,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[446,1142,604,1775]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of Panamá with a detail of the Gulf of Chiriquí, showing the sites where Pacifigorgia rubinoffi n. sp. was found." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156317/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
); 6 individuals in Canal de Afuera Islands, 
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Frijol South Islet (near Coiba Island), 
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Curly and Secas West Islets (Secas Archipelago), 
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Ladrones Islands, 
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Montuosa Island, 
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Jicarita Island, and the largest population of ca. 323 colonies in Brincanco Island (Contreras Archipelago) composed of a large number of recruits. The species often co­occur with individuals of another new species of 
<taxonomicName id="D3C999CF1551E519FB067459FEE8FB59" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Pacifigorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26BD3E5E1551E519FB067459FEE8FB59" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pacifigorgia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(pers. obs.), 
<taxonomicName id="D3C999CF1551E519FE1474B1FC46FB5A" authority="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti" authorityName="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti" box="[478,1000,1164,1190]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="26BD3E5E1551E519FE1474B1FD07FB59" box="[478,681,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Leptogorgia alba</emphasis>
Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti
</taxonomicName>
, and another small undetermined species of 
<taxonomicName id="D3C999CF1551E519FE1F7489FDCBFB31" box="[469,613,1204,1229]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26BD3E5E1551E519FE1F7489FDCBFB31" box="[469,613,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Leptogorgia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CD3B1C71551E519FEF274E6FCBCFB0A" box="[312,786,1243,1270]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="1476E24C1551E519FEF274E6FCBCFB0A" blockId="6.[264,1324,283,1270]" box="[312,786,1243,1270]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="26BD3E5E1551E519FEF274E6FE76FB09" bold="true" box="[312,472,1243,1269]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution.</emphasis>
Gulf of Chiriquí, 
<collectingCountry id="6CDEA2DC1551E519FD6774E1FCA0FB0A" box="[685,782,1244,1270]" name="Panama" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Panamá</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>