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<document id="CED2069FF0E61BF1F2A3B1E46548BA7F" ID-CLB-Dataset="3637" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5676639" ID-GBIF-Dataset="23dac009-8dc4-4021-a812-5f9db538c89c" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-49-1" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5676639" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1633548419167" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2009" docId="143F87B3FFC7FF81FF2792AEF84AF4BC" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_1_Herpestidae_0262.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Galerella pulverulenta" docType="treatment" docVersion="18" lastPageNumber="316" masterDocId="E806FFCBFFCCFF8AFF999B1CFF9CFFA7" masterDocTitle="Herpestidae" masterLastPageNumber="328" masterPageNumber="262" pageNumber="316" updateTime="1700280137702" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="FE279CEA9DA268DE5A8B8FEAE8951D89" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="BC45BC6EC3C61A7F66E91C237BCA66F6">
<mods:title id="463D25B608EB03AF3A7F11836AE15291">Herpestidae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="62C8BC436016F78D358D9292A5452B89" type="personal">
<mods:role id="599BA454AF38936AF8B18DB96BCC8278">
<mods:roleTerm id="7D89C4864FB2898AA8BFB63235E410F7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B7D51DD12AB2CB721720E2F298B138E7">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="1F6D73C0C8526B739285DFC8B5665AF8" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8B036DD8C6CE6EB50C0E208276197520">
<mods:roleTerm id="392BB28AD54E11FDED2350E8AACB16FE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1DFF7B297BFD34DA72A76FC9EA7BBF68">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="21EEC7BEB180B80DA244FE73F6692391">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:originInfo id="CB7E0BCFA24D9F8AB1EA398E1B69FD35">
<mods:dateIssued id="0A3E188ABFE6CCF355ED92E01D94FB7C">2009</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:dateOther id="8AE6705EE4D2637F3221BC0419A0DDF0" type="pubDate">2009-01-31</mods:dateOther>
<mods:publisher id="0D7D953C48A8D4260B2AA36B3A41BCE2">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
<mods:place id="9EA251037E31588EE073DD26B8D1FC5A">
<mods:placeTerm id="8B213747036DF8E3845F2A1CC8982CF6">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:titleInfo id="DB514242000738C33E26F4176653F745">
<mods:title id="E81B1AF4826BE34BF478052FDE5EB142">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="27ECD3BE920697A870362C94061BBAFB">
<mods:extent id="25F5BC03FB78C8BF1ED115D7578CA48F" unit="page">
<mods:start id="B27E7A98D1AEDBC35C1E532358256D0B">262</mods:start>
<mods:end id="BF28CC093D32F2E1B3BE7E09F654DED8">328</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="06621907592CBA52BA595DC8D34B2BB0">book chapter</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="917B987E8BD53F6517503548C0FF6F5F" type="CLB-Dataset">3637</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6D03D823FE64727017AEB61E1673ADC5" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5676639</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5F6C558496B075B1AB659958DEB635CA" type="GBIF-Dataset">23dac009-8dc4-4021-a812-5f9db538c89c</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="422548E21B12447CFE3F89EA51301054" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-49-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B193E25DF73D8F5AF5F5DFF0742D475B" type="Zenodo-Dep">5676639</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="143F87B3FFC7FF81FF2792AEF84AF4BC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5698459" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190304284" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5698459" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:143F87B3FFC7FF81FF2792AEF84AF4BC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/143F87B3FFC7FF81FF2792AEF84AF4BC" lastPageNumber="316" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC7FF81FF2792AEFF68F647" box="[190,244,2482,2528]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC7FF81FF2792AEFF68F647" blockId="11.[186,1153,2482,2570]" box="[190,244,2482,2528]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">
<heading id="C76181C9FFC7FF81FF2792AEFF68F647" box="[190,244,2482,2528]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">
<figureCitation id="04AD2A20FFC7FF81FF2792AEFF68F647" box="[190,244,2482,2528]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="10.[156,186,3367,3392]" captionTargetBox="[12,2797,17,3639]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="On following pages: 15. Somalian Slender Mongoose (Galerella ochracea); 16. Cape Gray Mongoose (Galerella pulverulenta); 17. Common Slender Mongoose (Galerella sanguinea); 18. White-tailed Mongoose (/chneumia albicauda); 19. Selous's Mongoose (Paracynictis selous)); 20. Bushy-tailed Mongoose (Bdeogale crassicauda); 21. Jackson's Mongoose (Bdeogale jackson); 22. Black-footed Mongoose (Bdeogale nigripes); 23. Meller’s Mongoose (Rhynchogale melleri)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6347113" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6347113/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">16.</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC7FF81FE9F92AEFD58F647" box="[262,708,2482,2528]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC7FF81FE9F92AEFD58F647" blockId="11.[186,1153,2482,2570]" box="[262,708,2482,2528]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">
<heading id="C76181C9FFC7FF81FE9F92AEFD58F647" box="[262,708,2482,2528]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">
<vernacularName id="1295468BFFC7FF81FE9F92AEFD58F647" box="[262,708,2482,2528]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">
<collectingRegion id="5E52F847FFC7FF81FE9F92AEFEF2F647" box="[262,366,2482,2528]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Cape</collectingRegion>
Gray
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81FE7592AEFD58F647" bold="true" box="[492,708,2482,2528]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Mongoose</emphasis>
</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC7FF81FD4192AEFBE8F647" box="[728,1140,2482,2528]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC7FF81FD4192AEFBE8F647" blockId="11.[186,1153,2482,2570]" box="[728,1140,2482,2528]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">
<heading id="C76181C9FFC7FF81FD4192AEFBE8F647" box="[728,1140,2482,2528]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFC7FF81FD4192AEFBE8F647" ID-CoL="6K7FF" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[728,1140,2482,2528]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Galerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulverulenta">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81FD4192AEFBE8F647" box="[728,1140,2482,2528]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Galerella pulverulenta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC7FF81FF2292EEFB1DF5A0" box="[187,1153,2546,2567]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC7FF81FF2292EEFB1DF5A0" blockId="11.[186,1153,2482,2570]" box="[187,1153,2546,2567]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">
<heading id="C76181C9FFC7FF81FF2292EEFB1DF5A0" box="[187,1153,2546,2567]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81FF2292EEFE94F5A0" bold="true" box="[187,264,2546,2567]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="1295468BFFC7FF81FE8892EEFE53F5A0" box="[273,463,2546,2567]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Mangouste du Cap</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81FE7D92EEFDA2F5A0" bold="true" box="[484,574,2546,2567]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="1295468BFFC7FF81FDD092EEFCACF5A0" box="[585,816,2546,2567]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Kap-Schlankichneumon</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81FCDC92EEFC3DF5A0" bold="true" box="[837,929,2546,2567]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="1295468BFFC7FF81FC3292EEFB1DF5A0" box="[939,1153,2546,2567]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">
Mangosta de El
<collectingRegion id="5E52F847FFC7FF81FBD692EEFB1DF5A0" box="[1103,1153,2546,2567]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Cabo</collectingRegion>
</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC7FF81FCB89125FCF7F5DA" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC7FF81FCB89125FCF7F5DA" blockId="11.[801,1389,2617,3039]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81FCB89125FC20F5F1" bold="true" box="[801,956,2617,2646]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFC7FF81FC519125FCFAF5DA" authority="Wagner, 1839" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1839" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Herpestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulverulentus">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81FC519125FB6EF5F1" box="[968,1266,2617,2646]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Herpestes pulverulentus</emphasis>
Wagner, 1839
</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC7FF81FCE49140FC37F503" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC7FF81FCE49140FC37F503" blockId="11.[801,1389,2617,3039]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">
<materialsCitation id="2CFE3CF8FFC7FF81FCE49140FC37F503" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3699972316" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">
<typeStatus id="432D8807FFC7FF81FCE49140FC29F5DA" box="[893,949,2652,2685]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">type</typeStatus>
locality “
<collectingRegion id="5E52F847FFC7FF81FBDD9140FB12F5DA" box="[1092,1166,2652,2685]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Cape</collectingRegion>
”, exact locality unknown.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC7FF81FCB891B6FE38F38A" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC7FF81FCB891B6FE38F38A" blockId="11.[801,1389,2617,3039]" lastBlockId="11.[184,1386,3044,3470]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">
The
<collectingRegion id="5E52F847FFC7FF81FCED91B6FC26F56C" box="[884,954,2730,2763]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Cape</collectingRegion>
Gray Mongoose has been placed in the genus
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFC7FF81FBC591CEFB54F554" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1865" box="[1116,1224,2770,2803]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bolbitiaceae" genus="Galerella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81FBC591CEFB54F554" box="[1116,1224,2770,2803]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Galerella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
o
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFC7FF81FB6391CEFAF1F554" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" box="[1274,1389,2770,2803]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Herpestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81FB6391CEFAF1F554" box="[1274,1389,2770,2803]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Herpestes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by different authors. Traditionally, six subspecies were recognized:
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81FB5C9039FA97F4E5" box="[1221,1291,2853,2882]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">ruddi</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81FABB9039FCA6F4CE" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">nigrata</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81FCCB904CFC4AF4CE" box="[850,982,2896,2921]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">shortridger</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81FC74904CFBC9F4CE" box="[1005,1109,2896,2921]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">basutica</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81FBF5904CFB7FF4CE" box="[1132,1251,2896,2921]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">annulata</emphasis>
, and the nominate form, although skull morphological analyses failed to reveal any quantitative distinctiveness.
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81FBCD90DAFBF5F478" box="[1108,1129,3014,3039]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">G</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81FBE490DAFB45F478" box="[1149,1241,3014,3039]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">nigrata</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81FB7590DAFAFFF478" box="[1260,1379,3014,3039]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">annulata</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81FF6490F8FE1CF3A2" box="[253,384,3044,3077]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">shortridgei</emphasis>
are now regarded as synonyms of G.
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFC7FF81FC3E90F8FBB4F3A2" baseAuthorityName="Bocage" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[935,1064,3044,3077]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bolbitiaceae" genus="Galerella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="flavescens">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81FC3E90F8FBB4F3A2" box="[935,1064,3044,3077]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">flavescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Three subspecies are recognized here.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC7FF81FF20972BFACBF355" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" type="distribution">
<caption id="C8E9662DFFC7FF81FF20972BFACBF355" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5676673" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5676673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5676673/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" targetBox="[185,770,2623,3033]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC7FF81FF20972BFDD4F3F3" blockId="11.[184,1386,3044,3470]" box="[185,584,3127,3156]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81FF20972BFDD4F3F3" bold="true" box="[185,584,3127,3156]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC7FF81FF24977FFD9FF304" blockId="11.[184,1386,3044,3470]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFC7FF81FF24977FFDF4F3DB" authority="Wagner, 1839" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1839" box="[189,616,3171,3196]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bolbitiaceae" genus="Galerella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="subSpecies" species="pulverulenta" subSpecies="pulverulenta">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81FF24977FFE3FF3DB" box="[189,419,3171,3196]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">G. p. pulverulenta</emphasis>
Wagner, 1839
</taxonomicName>
—
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC7FF81FD12977FFC9FF3DB" box="[651,771,3171,3196]" name="Namibia" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Namibia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC7FF81FC8D977FFC5EF3DB" box="[788,962,3171,3196]" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(Western, Eastern and
<collectingRegion id="5E52F847FFC7FF81FA97977FFEA5F304" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Northern Cape</collectingRegion>
&amp;
<collectingRegion id="5E52F847FFC7FF81FEFD979AFE69F304" box="[356,501,3206,3235]" country="South Africa" name="Free State" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Free State</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC7FF81FF2497B1FB43F36D" blockId="11.[184,1386,3044,3470]" box="[189,1247,3245,3274]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFC7FF81FF2497B1FDADF36D" authority="Roberts, 1936" authorityName="Roberts" authorityYear="1936" box="[189,561,3245,3274]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bolbitiaceae" genus="Galerella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="subSpecies" species="pulverulenta" subSpecies="basutica">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81FF2497B1FEF6F36D" box="[189,362,3245,3274]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">G. p. basutica</emphasis>
Roberts, 1936
</taxonomicName>
— E
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC7FF81FDE897B1FD7CF36D" box="[625,736,3245,3274]" name="Lesotho" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Lesotho</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC7FF81FC8997B1FC23F36D" box="[784,959,3245,3274]" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(W
<collectingRegion id="5E52F847FFC7FF81FC6497B1FB4EF36D" box="[1021,1234,3245,3274]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC7FF81FF2497C9FACBF355" blockId="11.[184,1386,3044,3470]" box="[189,1367,3285,3314]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFC7FF81FF2497C9FD89F355" authority=": Thomas, 1903" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1903" box="[189,533,3285,3314]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bolbitiaceae" genus="Galerella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="subSpecies" species="pulverulenta" subSpecies="rudd">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81FF2497C9FED9F355" box="[189,325,3285,3314]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">G. p. rudd</emphasis>
: Thomas, 1903
</taxonomicName>
—
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC7FF81FDA097C9FD7BF355" box="[569,743,3285,3314]" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(extreme NW portion of the species range).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC7FF81FF2097E7F86BFCB9" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" type="description">
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC7FF81FF2097E7F86BFCB9" blockId="11.[184,1386,3044,3470]" lastBlockId="11.[1458,2665,293,2847]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81FF2097E7FE28F2BF" bold="true" box="[185,436,3323,3352]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body 34-42 cm (males), 33-35.
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFC7FF81FC4197E7FB82F2BF" box="[984,1054,3323,3352]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
(females), tail 20.5-34 cm (both sexes), hindfoot 5:9.7-5 cm (males), 5.2-7.
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFC7FF81FC36963FFC68F2E7" box="[943,1012,3363,3392]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
(females), ear 1.5-3.
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFC7FF81FABB963FFAF4F2E7" box="[1314,1384,3363,3392]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
(both sexes); weight 680-1250 g (males), 491-900 g (females). A small mongoose, with short legs and a long, bushy tail (c. 90% of head and body length). The body and tail are grizzled gray (from light gray to dark brownish-gray); the underparts are less grizzled. The muzzle and legs are darker. The head is pointed. The ears are slightly darker, small, close to the head, and partly covered by a band of longer hairs. The rhinarium is small, with a central depression that continues downwards and divides the haired section of the upperlip. The tip ofthe tail is sometimes inconspicuously shaded brown (the hair on thetail is short: less than
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). Individual guard hairs are black or gray, with four to six white to yellowish bands. There are five digits on each foot, with the first one reduced. The heel pad is not haired and the claws are not very long. Females have three pairs of mammae. Skull length usually more than
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFC7FF81F609997CF66CFD26" box="[2448,2544,608,641]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" unit="mm" value="67.0">67 mm</quantity>
(males) and less than
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(females), with ovoid braincase and short rostrum. Dental formula: 13/3, C1/1,P 3/4, M 2/2 = 38. The outer incisors are slightly larger than the inner ones. The lower canines are distinctly curved. In the upperjaw, the first molar is small, and the second molaris very small.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC7FF81FA2F9839F806FBFE" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC7FF81FA2F9839F806FBFE" blockId="11.[1458,2665,293,2847]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81FA2F9839F9B8FCE1" bold="true" box="[1462,1572,805,838]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Habitat.</emphasis>
Found in a wide range of habitats, in forested as well as non-forested areas, but generally avoids open spaces. Occurs mainly in Karoo and Karroid bushveld, and sclerophyllous bush, and is often associated with refuge areas such as dense bushes and rocky outcrops, but avoids open fields with short vegetation. More common in dry than in wet areas (especially areas with a warm temperate climate), butis absent from the driest parts of the region (Kalahari thornveld; rainfall below
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). Sometimes found close to human settlements. Recorded from sea level (around the
<collectingRegion id="5E52F847FFC7FF81F66D9F09FA62FBFE" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
) to
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFC7FF81F9A49F20F902FBFE" box="[1597,1694,1084,1113]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" unit="m" value="1900.0">1900 m</quantity>
(
<collectingRegion id="5E52F847FFC7FF81F92F9F20F811FBFE" box="[1718,1933,1084,1113]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC7FF81FA2C9F78F78CF8E3" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC7FF81FA2C9F78F78CF8E3" blockId="11.[1458,2665,293,2847]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81FA2C9F78F922FB26" bold="true" box="[1461,1726,1124,1153]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
An opportunistic predator,its diet includes a wide range of prey from termites and grasshoppers to snakes and rodents. Nevertheless, the staple foods are generally small mammals or insects. In the West
<collectingRegion id="5E52F847FFC7FF81F7209FB2F69AFB68" box="[2233,2310,1198,1231]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Coast</collectingRegion>
National Park (
<collectingRegion id="5E52F847FFC7FF81F66A9FB2F99FFB51" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
), murids predominated in the diet (90%), with insects (5%) forming a secondary food resource. Vlei rats and Foursstriped Grass Mouse appear to be favored murid prey. It has been recorded feeding on larger mammals such as Scrub Hares (
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81F5839E38F982FACB" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Lepus saxatilis</emphasis>
) and
<collectingRegion id="5E52F847FFC7FF81F9E19E53F922FACB" box="[1656,1726,1359,1388]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Cape</collectingRegion>
Porcupine (
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81F8EE9E53F735FACB" box="[1911,2217,1359,1388]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Hystrix africaeaustralis</emphasis>
), and has even been known to attack and kill
<collectingRegion id="5E52F847FFC7FF81F9129E6BF94DFA33" box="[1675,1745,1399,1428]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Cape</collectingRegion>
Grysbok (
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81F8F09E6BF7EBFA33" box="[1897,2167,1399,1428]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Raphiceros melanotis</emphasis>
) lambs by tearing at the nose and mouth. However, because it scavenges, it is uncertain to what extent large prey in the diet is the result of active predation. They have been observed to associate with small raptors (African marsh harrier
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81F8E29EF1F7CCF9AD" box="[1915,2128,1517,1546]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Circus ranivorus</emphasis>
) while foraging. Usually moves from bush to bush, inspecting potential foraging sites like holes and rodent nests. It seems to rely mainly on sight and smell for food searching. It scratches the soil in search of invertebrates, but is not an avid digger. Insects caught on the ground are held down with the front feet and then taken directly in the mouth. Larger prey are stalked, the killing bite delivered to the head. Small mammals are chewed in the side of the mouth. Insects are thoroughly masticated. Larger and tougher prey is held firmly on the ground with the front feet and torn apart.
<collectingRegion id="5E52F847FFC7FF81F7D49DE0F70FF8BA" box="[2125,2195,1788,1821]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Cape</collectingRegion>
Gray Mongooses can break eggs by throwing them against a vertical surface.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC7FF81FA2B9C53F87DF81D" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" type="activity">
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC7FF81FA2B9C53F87DF81D" blockId="11.[1458,2665,293,2847]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81FA2B9C53F902F8CB" bold="true" box="[1458,1694,1871,1900]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
Predominantly diurnal; activity is more common at sunset and sunrise, but is reduced in bad weather and at high temperatures. Occasionally rests for variable lengths of time around midday.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC7FF81FA2D9CDCF881F61E" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC7FF81FA2D9CDCF881F61E" blockId="11.[1458,2665,293,2847]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81FA2D9CDCF7F1F846" bold="true" box="[1460,2157,1984,2017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
Normally seen singly, but groups of up to five have been recorded (more often in summer and early autumn, after parturition). Of 163 sightings, 151 were of single animals, seven were of pairs, and five were of groups of three. Groups typically consist of one or
<specimenCount id="8A90FD2CFFC7FF81F7EE9326F69EF7F0" box="[2167,2306,2106,2135]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" type="adult">two adults</specimenCount>
and juveniles. Males may show some sociality, with stable pairs composed of a large and a small individual. In the West Coast National Park (
<collectingRegion id="5E52F847FFC7FF81F8BC9396F872F700" box="[1829,2030,2186,2215]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
), home range sizes of
<specimenCount id="8A90FD2CFFC7FF81F6B99396F65CF700" box="[2336,2496,2186,2215]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" type="male">three males</specimenCount>
were 55-92 ha; a female had the smallest range (30-6 ha); another female, ajuvenile, ranged more widely (359 ha), possibly dispersing. Home ranges overlapped widely, both within and between sexes. In the Vrolijkheid Nature Conservation Station (Little Karoo region,
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC7FF81FA2D9237F9FAF6E3" box="[1460,1638,2347,2372]" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">South Africa</collectingCountry>
) the mean home range size of four animals was between 5-36 ha, and there appeared to be considerable overlap in home ranges. While foraging, individuals usually move 50-100 m every 15 minutes, and travel on average,
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during the course of a day’s foraging.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC7FF81FA2A92A3F965F5F1" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC7FF81FA2A92A3F965F5F1" blockId="11.[1458,2665,293,2847]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81FA2A92A3F9A5F647" bold="true" box="[1459,1593,2495,2528]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Breeding.</emphasis>
Seasonal breeders, probably at the end of winter (August to December). Lactating females have been found in August, and in November to February. Litter size is one to three. Rock crevices, farm outbuildings, fodder stores, and woodpiles are used for rearing young.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC7FF81FA2A917DF760F56A" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC7FF81FA2A917DF760F56A" blockId="11.[1458,2665,293,2847]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81FA2A917DF88BF5D9" bold="true" box="[1459,1815,2657,2686]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Least Concern in
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81F774917DF671F5D9" box="[2285,2541,2657,2686]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">The IUCN Red List</emphasis>
. No significant conservation threats are known. Human development is unlikely to have an impact, as they seem to adapt easily to living close to houses.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC7FF81FA2D91C7F84AF4BC" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC7FF81FA2D91C7F84AF4BC" blockId="11.[1458,2665,293,2847]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC7FF81FA2D91C7F9D1F553" bold="true" box="[1460,1613,2779,2804]" pageId="11" pageNumber="316">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Cavallini (1992a), Cavallini &amp; Nel (1990a, 1990b, 1995), Lynch (1981, 1983), Skinner &amp; Chimimba (2005), Stuart (1991), Watson &amp; Dippenaar (1987).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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