286 lines
31 KiB
XML
286 lines
31 KiB
XML
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<document id="793577FF21F68480B8D1114FE3E7CA59" ID-CLB-Dataset="3637" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5676639" ID-GBIF-Dataset="23dac009-8dc4-4021-a812-5f9db538c89c" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-49-1" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5676639" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1633548419167" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2009" docId="143F87B3FFC0FF87FF0B97A2FDB2FDDA" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_1_Herpestidae_0262.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Ichneumia albicauda I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1837" docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="318" masterDocId="E806FFCBFFCCFF8AFF999B1CFF9CFFA7" masterDocTitle="Herpestidae" masterLastPageNumber="328" masterPageNumber="262" pageNumber="317" updateTime="1700280137702" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="D870A645E874CEB2ABDA1D2800C6ED72" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="58441BD43866F3F84583BEA59E7D0FFD">
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<mods:title id="7895DA01E39AAC2294FB5CEDA4E12EC2">Herpestidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="E90DA3D2D4AC489966B631CDEBEF74C9" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B515DC88C34F9E735D92922878A5EE1A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0E769662F8B2141DD7CAB317798F49D8">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D2C801D06A8F74C1F9CCB4B2EB1AE0F5" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0819E6B62B599A3AFE492452FD18A9D4">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5A10471484F437292D56CC093D0FA14E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:originInfo id="56B31E908C5AA8D59BA95F8FCF6858AD">
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<mods:dateIssued id="7B9CDA3A439A3EE0E560C5D8F8E799E2">2009</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="F05D643C33069034C3704AC23579E3F3" type="pubDate">2009-01-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="85B70B8AD10A21555F87E89557ED67CB">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="256C759D43656C05102FA9829671B5D0">
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<mods:placeTerm id="37C93CF9F330F93FBC0864921E5C23AF">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo id="38E5FF69E40AC48F76287565B469AC6C">
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<mods:title id="16846710FDA853EB49B4607802D20D76">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="5BE450875D3B785E1B1020DB40E4C0B9">
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<mods:extent id="E4C96F94328A1D313D21CF89F1EFB8E4" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="CD90BB51A2A6E44CD98C6FB593B77260">262</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="9A3879BAA88D900F92EEEED236C900B0">328</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="1A88F9FEF23863DED871D22C254F3D38">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="65CFEC0F46D1B60D3A409F44EF4D21A1" type="CLB-Dataset">3637</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="64E9CB45191BE6FBAEC0C75A6D63A556" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5676639</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C5810117874CD27D2086C1C88D792AD1" type="GBIF-Dataset">23dac009-8dc4-4021-a812-5f9db538c89c</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DDBF3C352FD599F0CD750C2206FDA6B6" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-49-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FBD4F799F0E25689F784FA3F66822FF4" type="Zenodo-Dep">5676639</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="143F87B3FFC0FF87FF0B97A2FDB2FDDA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5698463" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190304297" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5698463" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:143F87B3FFC0FF87FF0B97A2FDB2FDDA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/143F87B3FFC0FF87FF0B97A2FDB2FDDA" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="318" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">
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<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC0FF86FF0B97A2FF54F34B" box="[146,200,3262,3308]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC0FF86FF0B97A2FF54F34B" blockId="12.[142,1212,3262,3349]" box="[146,200,3262,3308]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">
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<heading id="C76181C9FFC0FF86FF0B97A2FF54F34B" box="[146,200,3262,3308]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">
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<figureCitation id="04AD2A20FFC0FF86FF0B97A2FF54F34B" box="[146,200,3262,3308]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="10.[156,186,3367,3392]" captionTargetBox="[12,2797,17,3639]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="On following pages: 15. Somalian Slender Mongoose (Galerella ochracea); 16. Cape Gray Mongoose (Galerella pulverulenta); 17. Common Slender Mongoose (Galerella sanguinea); 18. White-tailed Mongoose (/chneumia albicauda); 19. Selous's Mongoose (Paracynictis selous)); 20. Bushy-tailed Mongoose (Bdeogale crassicauda); 21. Jackson's Mongoose (Bdeogale jackson); 22. Black-footed Mongoose (Bdeogale nigripes); 23. Meller’s Mongoose (Rhynchogale melleri)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6347113" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6347113/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC0FF86FF0B97A2FF54F34B" bold="true" box="[146,200,3262,3308]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">18.</emphasis>
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</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC0FF86FF4E97A2FD26F34B" box="[215,698,3262,3308]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC0FF86FF4E97A2FD26F34B" blockId="12.[142,1212,3262,3349]" box="[215,698,3262,3308]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">
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<heading id="C76181C9FFC0FF86FF4E97A2FD26F34B" box="[215,698,3262,3308]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">
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<vernacularName id="1295468BFFC0FF86FF4E97A2FD26F34B" box="[215,698,3262,3308]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC0FF86FF4E97A2FD26F34B" bold="true" box="[215,698,3262,3308]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">White-tailed Mongoose</emphasis>
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC0FF86FD5397A2FBC4F34B" box="[714,1112,3262,3308]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC0FF86FD5397A2FBC4F34B" blockId="12.[142,1212,3262,3349]" box="[714,1112,3262,3308]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">
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<heading id="C76181C9FFC0FF86FD5397A2FBC4F34B" box="[714,1112,3262,3308]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">
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<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFC0FF86FD5397A2FBC4F34B" ID-CoL="3P8Z8" authorityName="I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1837" box="[714,1112,3262,3308]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Ichneumia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albicauda">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC0FF86FD5397A2FBC4F34B" box="[714,1112,3262,3308]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Ichneumia albicauda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC0FF86FF1697E1FB27F2B5" box="[143,1211,3325,3346]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC0FF86FF1697E1FB27F2B5" blockId="12.[142,1212,3262,3349]" box="[143,1211,3325,3346]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">
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<heading id="C76181C9FFC0FF86FF1697E1FB27F2B5" box="[143,1211,3325,3346]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC0FF86FF1697E1FF40F2B5" bold="true" box="[143,220,3325,3346]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="1295468BFFC0FF86FF7C97E1FD9DF2B5" box="[229,513,3325,3346]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Mangouste a queue blanche</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC0FF86FD8C97E1FDECF2B5" bold="true" box="[533,624,3325,3346]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="1295468BFFC0FF86FDE097E1FCE9F2B5" box="[633,885,3325,3346]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">WeiRschwanzichneumon</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC0FF86FC1297E1FC7AF2B5" bold="true" box="[907,998,3325,3346]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="1295468BFFC0FF86FC6997E1FB27F2B5" box="[1008,1211,3325,3346]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Mangosta coliblanca</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC0FF86FF17965CFD69F2C6" box="[142,757,3392,3425]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC0FF86FF17965CFD69F2C6" blockId="12.[141,1174,3392,3472]" box="[142,757,3392,3425]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC0FF86FF17965CFEB4F2C6" bold="true" box="[142,296,3392,3425]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFC0FF86FEAD965CFD6CF2C6" authority="Cuvier, 1829" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" box="[308,752,3392,3425]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Herpestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albicaudus">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC0FF86FEAD965CFDA6F2C6" box="[308,570,3392,3425]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Herpestes albicaudus</emphasis>
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Cuvier, 1829
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC0FF86FC99965CFB09F2C6" box="[768,1173,3392,3425]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC0FF86FC99965CFB09F2C6" blockId="12.[141,1174,3392,3472]" box="[768,1173,3392,3425]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">
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<materialsCitation id="2CFE3CF8FFC0FF86FC99965CFB09F2C6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3699972333" box="[768,1173,3392,3425]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">
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southern Africa and
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC0FF86FBBB965CFB0CF2C6" box="[1058,1168,3392,3425]" name="Senegal" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Senegal</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC0FF86FF16967AFC66F220" box="[143,1018,3430,3463]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC0FF86FF16967AFC66F220" blockId="12.[141,1174,3392,3472]" box="[143,1018,3430,3463]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Six subspecies are listed here, but their validity is questionable.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC0FF86F86D9A3AF7A0FCBD" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" type="distribution">
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<caption id="C8E9662DFFC0FF86F86D9A3AF7A0FCBD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5676677" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5676677" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5676677/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" targetBox="[1418,2007,299,711]" targetPageId="12">
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC0FF86F86D9A3AF61FFEE4" blockId="12.[2035,2622,294,716]" box="[2036,2435,294,323]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">
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<heading id="C76181C9FFC0FF86F86D9A3AF61FFEE4" bold="true" box="[2036,2435,294,323]" fontSize="7" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" reason="6">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC0FF86F86D9A3AF61FFEE4" bold="true" box="[2036,2435,294,323]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC0FF86F86C9A4EF755FE1E" blockId="12.[2035,2622,294,716]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">
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<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFC0FF86F86C9A4EF6FBFECC" authority="Cuvier, 1829" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" box="[2037,2407,338,363]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Ichneumia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="albicauda" subSpecies="albicauda">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC0FF86F86C9A4EF72DFECC" box="[2037,2225,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">I. a. albicauda</emphasis>
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Cuvier, 1829
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC0FF86F6159A4EF66BFECC" box="[2444,2551,338,363]" name="Senegal" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Senegal</collectingCountry>
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to E
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC0FF86F86D9A65F7D1FE35" box="[2036,2125,377,402]" name="Sudan" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Sudan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC0FF86F7F89A65F75FFE35" box="[2145,2243,377,402]" name="Eritrea" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
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, and N
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC0FF86F6A49A65F632FE35" box="[2365,2478,377,402]" name="Somalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Somalia</collectingCountry>
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; also Arabian Peninsula.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC0FF86F86C9AD8F6D5FDAF" blockId="12.[2035,2622,294,716]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">
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<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFC0FF86F86C9AD8F6E7FE46" authority="Hollister, 1916" authorityName="Hollister" authorityYear="1916" box="[2037,2427,452,481]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Ichneumia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="albicauda" subSpecies="dialeucos">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC0FF86F86C9AD8F73BFE46" box="[2037,2215,452,481]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">I. a. dialeucos</emphasis>
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Hollister, 1916
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</taxonomicName>
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— N
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC0FF86F65C9AD8F580FE46" box="[2501,2588,452,481]" name="Kenya" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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, S
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC0FF86F86D9AF3F7F8FDAF" box="[2036,2148,495,520]" name="Somalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Somalia</collectingCountry>
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, and S
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC0FF86F7559AF3F6D9FDAF" box="[2252,2373,495,520]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC0FF86F86D990EF674FDF0" blockId="12.[2035,2622,294,716]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">
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<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFC0FF86F86D990EF6E1FD88" authority="Thomas, 1890" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1890" box="[2036,2429,530,559]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Ichneumia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="albicauda" subSpecies="grandis">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC0FF86F86D990EF73CFD88" box="[2036,2208,530,559]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">I. a. grandis</emphasis>
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Thomas, 1890
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|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
— S
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC0FF86F656990EF5AAFD88" box="[2511,2614,530,559]" name="Angola" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC0FF86F86D9922F7C2FDF0" box="[2036,2142,574,599]" name="Zambia" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, S
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC0FF86F71F9922F698FDF0" box="[2182,2308,574,599]" name="Tanzania" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
to
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC0FF86F6AA9922F678FDF0" box="[2355,2532,574,599]" name="South Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC0FF86F86D9979F7F1FD02" blockId="12.[2035,2622,294,716]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFC0FF86F86D9979F6C6FDD9" authority="Thomas, 1904" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[2036,2394,613,638]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Ichneumia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="albicauda" subSpecies="ibeana">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC0FF86F86D9979F715FDD9" box="[2036,2185,613,638]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">I. a. ibeana</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Thomas, 1904
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
—
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC0FF86F6199979F589FDD9" box="[2432,2581,613,638]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
to C
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC0FF86F78B9994F7F6FD02" box="[2066,2154,648,677]" name="Kenya" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC0FF86F86D99B7F9A2FD55" blockId="12.[2035,2622,294,716]" lastBlockId="12.[1413,2621,725,3467]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFC0FF86F86D99B7F6C0FD6B" authority="Thomas, 1904" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[2036,2396,683,716]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Ichneumia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="albicauda" subSpecies="loandae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC0FF86F86D99B7F70FFD6B" box="[2036,2195,683,716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">I. a. loandae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Thomas, 1904
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
— N
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC0FF86F60399B7F663FD6B" box="[2458,2559,683,716]" name="Angola" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
and S
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC0FF86FA3D99C9F9A6FD55" box="[1444,1594,725,754]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC0FF86FA1299E1F7A0FCBD" blockId="12.[1413,2621,725,3467]" box="[1419,2108,765,794]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFC0FF86FA1299E1F893FCBD" authority="Temminck, 1853" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1853" box="[1419,1807,765,794]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Ichneumia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="albicauda" subSpecies="loempo">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC0FF86FA1299E1F983FCBD" box="[1419,1567,765,794]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">I. a. loempo</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Temminck, 1853
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
— W Africa (
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC0FF86F85899E1F7B2FCBD" box="[1985,2094,765,794]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC0FF86FA129839F803F829" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" type="description">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC0FF86FA129839F803F829" blockId="12.[1413,2621,725,3467]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC0FF86FA129839F91AFCE5" bold="true" box="[1419,1670,805,834]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Head-body 47-69 cm, tail 34.6-47 cm (males), 39.2-48.
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFC0FF86F6219839F662FCE5" box="[2488,2558,805,834]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
(females), hindfoot 13-14.
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFC0FF86F9799850F8BBFCCE" box="[1760,1831,844,873]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
(males), 13-14.
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFC0FF86F78B9850F7CBFCCE" box="[2066,2135,844,873]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
(females), ear 4.2-5 cm (males), 3.7-5 cm (females); weight 2:9.5-2 kg (males), 3.1-5 kg (females). No obvious sexual dimorphism. This is probably the heaviest mongoose;
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC0FF86F714988BF680FC1F" box="[2189,2332,919,952]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
individuals substantially heavier than those in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC0FF86F88B98A1F80EFC79" box="[1810,1938,957,990]" name="Tanzania" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
. Slender, long-legged, and tall. Variable pelage, but generally dark with coarse, sometimes silvery body fur; grayish head and black legs. On the dorsum, coarse, black-tipped guard hairs extend beyond the thick, woolly, pale undercoat. The guard hairs are short on the head (
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFC0FF86F7E19F2FF741FBF3" box="[2168,2269,1075,1108]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
) and increase in length to
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFC0FF86FA2A9F47F98BFBDB" box="[1459,1559,1115,1148]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" unit="mm" value="90.0">90 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
toward the rump. Some of these hairs are black, but most have a broad black tip and two silvery bands separated by a black band. The underfur is substantially shorter and off-white. Thetip ofthe tail is white. The guard hairs on the tail are shorter towards the tip. Near the rump, they are white-tipped with a broad black ring; close to the tip, they become pure white. The tail is black-tipped in West African populations. The ventral pelage is pale brown. The tip of the muzzle is dusky brown and the cheeks are whitish. The upper lip is divided by a groove from nose to mouth;the lip is deeper than in most mongooses, extending as far as the blackish rhinarium. The ears are large and squarish. The skeleton is more dog-like than that of other herpestids, reflecting this mongoose’s more cursorial lifestyle and digitigrade locomotion. Foreand hindfeet have five toes. The forefeet have long (
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFC0FF86F87B9EF4F7D4F9A2" box="[2018,2120,1512,1541]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
), strong, curved claws; the claws are shorter and less curved on hindfeet. The hallux and pollex are reduced and set back from the plantar pad. The forelimbs are naked to the wrist. The hindlimbs have hair from behind the first digit to the heel. Conspicuous anal scent pouches are used in marking. There are two to three pairs of abdominal mammae. The frontal region of the skull is expanded and more elevated than the parietal region. Postorbital processes well-developed. Sagittal and lambdoidal crests well-developed. Braincase broadest at zygomatic arch. Front chambers of ear bullae small relative to hindchambers. Condylobasal 10.9-11.
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFC0FF86F9109C3AF94EF898" box="[1673,1746,1830,1855]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
. Dental formula: 13/3, C 1/1, P 4/4, M 2/2 = 40. Heavy dentition. Lower canines recurved, upper canines slightly recurved. Lower molars have high cusps, especially at front of teeth.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC0FF86FA119C88F6D6F87A" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" type="biology_ecology">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC0FF86FA119C88F6D6F87A" blockId="12.[1413,2621,725,3467]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC0FF86FA119C88FA6BF812" bold="true" box="[1416,1527,1940,1973]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Found in a wide range of habitats, principally grassland, woodland, and farmland, but not in swamps, tropical rainforest, desert, or above
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFC0FF86F7479CD8F6DAF87A" box="[2270,2374,1988,2013]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" unit="m" value="4000.0">4000 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC0FF86FA119CFFF650F6B0" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" type="food_feeding">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC0FF86FA119CFFF650F6B0" blockId="12.[1413,2621,725,3467]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC0FF86FA119CFFF905F7A3" bold="true" box="[1416,1689,2019,2052]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Predominantly insectivorous, feeding on surface invertebrates. However, White-tailed Mongooses are opportunistic and occasionally take small vertebrates, berries and fruits. They feed mainly on termites and ants in the dry season, and dung beetles in the rainy season. When foraging, they use a rapid zig-zag trot with occasional brief stops. In suburban settings, they raid garbage cans. Examination of 65 stomachs collected in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC0FF86F96F93B4F819F76E" box="[1782,1925,2216,2249]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
contained the following diet components: 86%
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFC0FF86FA1193C8FA70F756" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1416,1516,2260,2289]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="class">Insecta</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, 31% Amphibia, 18%
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFC0FF86F8AA93C8F837F756" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" box="[1843,1963,2260,2289]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Muridae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, 15% Reptilia, 6% Oligochaeta, 6% fruit, 5% Aves, 1-5% Myriapoda, 1-5% Scorpiones, 1:5% Solifugae, and 1-5% Soricidae.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC0FF86FA1C9201F8EFF67C" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" type="activity">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC0FF86FA1C9201F8EFF67C" blockId="12.[1413,2621,725,3467]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC0FF86FA1C9201F9E9F699" bold="true" box="[1413,1653,2333,2366]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Nocturnal, particularly active during first third of the night, with more frequent activity on darker nights. White-tailed Mongooses use daytime resting sites in termite mounds, rocks, or buildings, changing sites from day to day. Their ability to dig dens is apparently limited. Their habit of foraging on roads at night makes them vulnerable to injury or death.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC0FF86FA1E92FEF5BDF29B" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" type="biology_ecology">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC0FF86FA1E92FEF5BDF29B" blockId="12.[1413,2621,725,3467]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC0FF86FA1E92FEF7A2F5A4" bold="true" box="[1415,2110,2530,2563]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Mainly solitary (79-91% of records; the remainder are male-female pairs). In
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC0FF86F87D9112F7C1F58C" box="[2020,2141,2574,2603]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, the mean male home range was 3-17 km* (range = 1-11-4-27);
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="8A90FD2CFFC0FF86F8AC9129F84CF5F5" box="[1845,2000,2613,2642]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
home range was 2-61 km?. In
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC0FF86F6E29129F667F5F5" box="[2427,2555,2613,2642]" name="Tanzania" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, the mean male home range was 0-97 km* (range = 0-80-1-23), mean female home range was 0-64 km® (range = 0-39-1-18), and density was up to 4 individuals/km?* Home ranges in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC0FF86F98C91BAF9F6F560" box="[1557,1642,2726,2759]" name="Kenya" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
were reported to be up to
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFC0FF86F86D91BAF7A7F560" box="[2036,2107,2726,2759]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
*. Walking pace was recorded at 4-2 km/h. Males did not share ranges with other males, but their ranges overlapped substantially with those of females. Some female ranges were exclusive, but others were apparently shared with other females. In
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC0FF86F8269000F7ABF49A" box="[1983,2103,2844,2877]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, male-male overlap was less than 3%, whereas male-female overlap was 35-81%. In high-density populations, there appears to be male-biased dispersal; females remain on the maternal home range, but forage independently. This leads to the formation of female clusters or clans. Individuals cover approximately a quarter of the entire home range each night. Females sometimes share day-rest sites with juveniles or other females. Rest site availability may limit population size. There islittle social interaction. Interactions between individuals are generally tolerant, with little attention paid; occasional aggression is directed at members of a neighboring clan. White-tailed Mongooses are quite vocal for a solitary species. They mutter while digging for insects, and if threatened, may growl, grunt, or bark. Thetail is apparently used in visual signalling: a threatened individual will erect its fur and tail as well as vocalize. Individuals scent-mark with anal gland secretions, urine, and dung. They deposit scats at den and central middens (one or two perterritory), which may be used by several adults. Urination is usually accompanied by an arching of the tail.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC0FF87FA1C965BFD9EFECE" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="318" pageId="12" pageNumber="317" type="breeding">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC0FF87FA1C965BFD9EFECE" blockId="12.[1413,2621,725,3467]" lastBlockId="13.[189,1397,288,639]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="318" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC0FF86FA1C965BF997F2C3" bold="true" box="[1413,1547,3399,3428]" pageId="12" pageNumber="317">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Copulations occur during consortships that last for several hours. Litter size averages 1-4 (rarely three or four). Females rear young alone. The young apparently share the maternal home range for at least four months post-weaning. Longevity up to ten years in captivity.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC1FF87FF269A73FB1EFDA1" pageId="13" pageNumber="318" type="conservation">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC1FF87FF269A73FB1EFDA1" blockId="13.[189,1397,288,639]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC1FF87FF269A73FDBCFE37" bold="true" box="[191,544,367,400]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="5E52F847FFC1FF87FDB79A73FDFFFE37" box="[558,611,367,400]" country="Cameroon" name="North" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">Not</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
CITES listed. Classified as Least Concern in
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC1FF87FB779A73FA80FE37" box="[1262,1308,367,400]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">The</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
[
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC1FF87FAB49A73FEB7FE10" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">UCN Red List</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Their wide geographical distribution, relatively wide habitat utilization, and ability to forage in human garbage, suggest it is a robust species. Distribution and population densities are likely limited by suitable den site availability.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC1FF87FF269904FDB2FDDA" pageId="13" pageNumber="318" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC1FF87FF269904FDB2FDDA" blockId="13.[189,1397,288,639]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC1FF87FF269904FEC5FD8A" bold="true" box="[191,345,536,557]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Admasu et
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC1FF87FE799904FE6EFD8A" box="[480,498,536,557]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">al</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. (2004a), Al-Safadi (1995), Dehghani et al. (2008), Estes (1991), Ikeda et al. (1982), Kingdon (1971-1982, 1997), Skinner & Chimimba (2005), Taylor (1972, In press d), Waser (1980), Waser & Waser (1985), Wozencraft (2005).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|