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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.48480" ID-GBIF-Dataset="88566ea4-885c-4e49-b340-6355664230b2" ID-PMC="PMC6992689" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-62-27" ID-Pensoft-UUID="DF1488D4F0CD5DA987B897B3F443C46F" ID-PubMed="32025188" ModsDocID="1314-4049-62-27" checkinTime="1579803371367" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Frisch, Andreas, Moen, Victoria Stornes, Grube, Martin &amp; Bendiksby, Mika" docDate="2020" docId="7E9519C4EE2F5FBFBAAEAEAE45C0AE10" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 62: 27-51" docOrigin="MycoKeys 62" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.48480" docTitle="Coniocarpon cinnabarinum DC." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="DF1488D4F0CD5DA987B897B3F443C46F" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="DF1488D4F0CD5DA987B897B3F443C46F" masterDocTitle="Integrative taxonomy confirms three species of Coniocarpon (Arthoniaceae) in Norway" masterLastPageNumber="51" masterPageNumber="27" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1668136375374" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Integrative taxonomy confirms three species of Coniocarpon (Arthoniaceae) in Norway</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Frisch, Andreas</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Moen, Victoria Stornes</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Grube, Martin</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bendiksby, Mika</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>62</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>27</mods:start>
<mods:end>51</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.48480</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.48480</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-62-27</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">DF1488D4F0CD5DA987B897B3F443C46F</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="161838059" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E9519C4EE2F5FBFBAAEAEAE45C0AE10" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E9519C4EE2F5FBFBAAEAEAE45C0AE10" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName LSID="7E9519C4-EE2F-5FBF-BAAE-AEAE45C0AE10" authority="DC." class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Coniocarpon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coniocarpon cinnabarinum" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cinnabarinum">Coniocarpon cinnabarinum DC.</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Ascospore size (length x width) of C. cinnabarinum (n = 132; 20 ascospores from Denmark, 85 ascospores from Norway; 27 ascospores from Sweden), C. cuspidans (n = 100, all ascospores from Norway) and Coniocarpon fallax (n = 191, all ascospores from Norway)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.62.48480.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374708" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Figs 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Ascospore morphology. A Coniocarpon cinnabarinum (TRH-L- 29007) B Coniocarpon fallax (TRH-L- 29008) C Coniocarpon cuspidans (TRH-L- 29036). Scale bar: 10 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.62.48480.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374709" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">, 3A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Morphological diversity of Coniocarpon in Norway. A Coniocarpon cinnabarinum (Frisch TRH-L- 29000) B Coniocarpon cinnabarinum (Frisch TRH-L- 29005) C Coniocarpon cuspidans (TRH-L- 29022) D Coniocarpon cuspidans (TRH-L- 29023) E Coniocarpon fallax (TRH-L- 16793) F Coniocarpon fallax (Frisch TRH-L- 29028). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.62.48480.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374710" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">, 4A, B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. HPTLC plate in solvent C of quinoid pigment patterns of C. cinnabarinum (left), C. fallax (middle) and C. cuspidans (right) A before treatment with sulfuric acid and charring, and B under UV 365 light before treatment with sulfuric acid and charring. Note the absence of A 3 in C. cuspidans. The position of atranorin and norstictic acid is indicated. Several additional spots on the HPTLC plates under UV 365 light have not been identified." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.62.48480.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374711" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">, 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. The distribution of 111 specimens of Coniocarpon in Norway, Sweden and Denmark based on material in BG, C, S, TRH and UPS. A C. cinnabarinum B C. cuspidans C C. fallax. Single dots may represent several collections." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.62.48480.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374712" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">, 6A</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Coniocarpon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coniocarpon cinnabarinum" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cinnabarinum">Coniocarpon cinnabarinum</taxonomicName>
DC.: Lamarck and de Candolle, Flore
<normalizedToken originalValue="française">francaise</normalizedToken>
2: 323 (1805). Type: not selected [see under &quot;Notes&quot; below].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
=
<taxonomicName class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Spiloma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Spiloma tumidulum" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="tumidulum">Spiloma? tumidulum</taxonomicName>
Ach., Methodus qua omnes detectos lichenes: 11 (1803) [MB 405550]. Type: Hispania, Schousboe (H-Ach. 3 c!, holotype).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
=
<taxonomicName class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Spiloma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Spiloma tumidulum var. rubrum" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="variety" species="tumidulum" variety="rubrum">Spiloma tumidulum var. rubrum</taxonomicName>
Ach., Lichenographia universalis: 137 (1810) - nom. illegit. Type: Gallia (H-Ach. 2 c!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="27" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
Thallus pale olive gray to brown, weakly glossy to matt, smooth, endophloeodal to partly epiphloeodal, continuous;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">prothallus line</emphasis>
dark gray to brown, sometimes present when in contact with other lichens;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">photobiont</emphasis>
trentepohlioid, the cells rounded to elliptical, 7-12
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4-8
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, forming short chains. Ascomata irregularly rounded to elliptical to weakly lobed, rarely distinctly lirellate, with steep flanks, emergent from thallus, 0.1-0.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.1-0.3 mm, 95-140
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
tall, solitary or forming loose to dense aggregations of 3-15 ascomata, (0.3-)0.5-2.0(-3.5)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.3-1.6 mm;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">disc</emphasis>
dark purple black, flat to weakly convex, matt to weakly glossy, white pruinose, a layer of orange-red pruina sometimes present above the white pruina; old ascomata sometimes epruinose;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">margins</emphasis>
level with the disc, typically orange-red pruinose, sometimes with additional patches of white pruina;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">proper exciple</emphasis>
brown, 8-15
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide, composed of compressed and vertically oriented paraphysoidal hyphae, the hyphae 1-2
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick, branched and netted, often forming short hairs up to 15
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long at the outer margin; old bark cells often attached to the exciple;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">epithecium</emphasis>
brown, 10-25
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
tall, conglutinated only in the lower parts, composed of branched tips of the paraphysoidal hyphae extending horizontally above the asci; the tips slightly widened to 3(-4)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, sometimes extending from the epithecium as sparsely branched anticlinal hairs up to 22
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">hymenium</emphasis>
hyaline, strongly conglutinated, (45-)65-90
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
tall, paraphysoids densely branched and netted, 1-2
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">hypothecium</emphasis>
hyaline, conglutinated, 20-35
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
tall, formed of irregular prosoplectenchymatic hyphae 1-2
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam.;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">crystals</emphasis>
common in epithecium and proper exciple, of two types: hyaline, leafy crystals, 1-5(-8)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, and orange, red or purple, granular crystals, 1-2(-4)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; a weak amorphous, red to purple pigmentation present in exciple, epithecium and patchily distributed in the hymenium. ASCI of the
<taxonomicName class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Arthonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Arthonia" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Arthonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-type, long obpyriform to clavate, 62-84
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
24-35
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(n = 34), 8-spored, the ascospores stacked; tholus 8-11
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick, lateral ascospore wall 1-2
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick. ASCOSPORES hyaline, (3-)4-5(-8) transversely septate, (19-)23-28(-30)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(8-)10-11(-12)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(l: mean = 25.7, STD = 2.3; w: mean = 10.5, STD = 0.9; n = 132), obovate, with enlarged apical cell, getting pale brown with granular ornamentation in the epispore at late maturity; development macrocephalic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="27" type="chemistry">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Chemistry.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
Pigments A1, A3 and A4 in variable amounts detected by HPTLC.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Proper exciple</emphasis>
Idil+ blue, I+ blue, KI+ blue;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">epithecium</emphasis>
Idil+ blue, I+ blue, KI+ blue;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">hymenium</emphasis>
Idil+ red, I+ red, KI+ blue;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">hypothecium</emphasis>
Idil+ red, I+ red, KI+ blue. A hemiamyloid ring present in the tholus of the asci. Hyaline crystals dissolve in K. Orange, red and purple crystals dissolve in K with a clear, fleeting, purplish solution.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="27" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
Norway -
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Rogaland</emphasis>
•
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rennesøy">Rennesoy</normalizedToken>
, Berge;
<geoCoordinate degrees="59" direction="north" minutes="05.868" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="59.0978">59°05.868'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="east" minutes="42.320" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="5.705333">05°42.320'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. avellana" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. avellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 30-40 m a.s.l.; 12. Jan. 2008; J. I. Johnsen leg.; BG L-86128. -
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Hordaland</emphasis>
•
<normalizedToken originalValue="Askøy">Askoy</normalizedToken>
, close to Ask farm; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. aucuparia" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="aucuparia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">S. aucuparia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 10-30 m a.s.l.; 31. Aug. 1909; J. J. Havaas leg.; UPS-L-277202. •
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bømlo">Bomlo</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Børøy">Boroy</normalizedToken>
, Storavatnet;
<geoCoordinate degrees="59" direction="north" minutes="42.9420" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="59.7157">59°42.9420'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="east" minutes="15.7680" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="5.2628">05°15.7680'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. avellana" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. avellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 30. Apr. 2018; G. Gaarder leg.; TRH-L-18030 • ibid.; Lykling;
<geoCoordinate degrees="59" direction="north" minutes="42.6780" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="59.7113">59°42.6780'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="east" minutes="12.3540" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="5.2059">05°12.3540'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. avellana" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. avellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 30. Apr. 2018; G. Gaarder leg.; TRH-L-18036 • ibid.; S of Liarnuten; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. avellana" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. avellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 21. Jun. 1997; T. Knutsson leg.; UPS-L-737333 • ibid.; Skogafjellet;
<geoCoordinate degrees="59" direction="north" minutes="38.812" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="59.646866">59°38.812'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="east" minutes="12.098" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="5.2016335">05°12.098'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. avellana" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. avellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 35 m a.s.l., 19. Jul. 2017; A. Frisch leg.; TRH-L-29000 • ibid.;
<geoCoordinate degrees="59" direction="north" minutes="38.818" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="59.646965">59°38.818'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="east" minutes="12.082" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="5.2013664">05°12.082'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. avellana" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. avellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 10 m a.s.l.; 19. Jul. 2017; A. Frisch leg.; TRH-L-29006, TRH-L-29007, TRH-L-29008 • ibid.; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. excelsior" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="excelsior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F. excelsior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; A. Frisch leg.; TRH-L-29009 • ibid.;
<geoCoordinate degrees="59" direction="north" minutes="38.833" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="59.647217">59°38.833'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="east" minutes="12.153" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="5.20255">05°12.153'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. avellana" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. avellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 50 m a.s.l.; 19. Jul. 2017; A. Frisch leg.; TRH-L-29001, TRH-L-29002. • Kvam, Gravdal SW, Geitaknottane Nat. Reserve, NE of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lønningshaugen">Lonningshaugen</normalizedToken>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="06.690" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="60.1115">60°06.690'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="east" minutes="51.068" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="5.8511333">05°51.068'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. avellana" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. avellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 150-250 m a.s.l.; 28. Aug. 1997; P. G. Ihlen leg.; BG-L-35863. •
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lindås">Lindas</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kvalvika-Røyldalane">Kvalvika-Royldalane</normalizedToken>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="38.338" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="60.638966">60°38.338'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="east" minutes="26.258" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="5.4376335">05°26.258'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. avellana" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. avellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 35 m a.s.l.; 14. May 2018; A. Frisch leg.; TRH-L-29010, TRH-L-29011, TRH-L-29012. • Os,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Innerøya">Inneroya</normalizedToken>
, Halhjem;
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="08.5020" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="60.1417">60°08.5020'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="east" minutes="24.8520" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="5.4142">05°24.8520'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. aucuparia" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="aucuparia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">S. aucuparia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 10. May 2018; G. Gaarder leg.; TRH-L-18042 • ibid.;
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="08.5920" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="60.1432">60°08.5920'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="east" minutes="25.3440" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="5.4224">05°25.3440'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. avellana" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. avellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 10. May 2018; G. Gaarder leg.; TRH-L-18043. • Stord, Digernes,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Geitåsen">Geitasen</normalizedToken>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="59" direction="north" minutes="45.402" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="59.7567">59°45.402'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="east" minutes="25.092" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="5.4182">05°25.092'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. avellana" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. avellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 28. Apr. 2018; G. Gaarder leg.; TRH-L-18033 • ibid.;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Valavåg">Valavag</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nes-Åsen">Nes-Asen</normalizedToken>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="59" direction="north" minutes="46.0740" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="59.7679">59°46.0740'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="east" minutes="24.8040" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="5.4134">05°24.8040'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. avellana" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. avellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 27. Apr. 2018; G. Gaarder, U. Hanssen leg.; TRH-L-18087. • Tysnes, Beltestad, Beltestadknappen;
<geoCoordinate degrees="59" direction="north" minutes="59.883" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="59.99805">59°59.883'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="east" minutes="27.543" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="5.45905">05°27.543'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. avellana" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. avellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 13 m a.s.l.; 9. May 2018; A. Frisch leg.; TRH-L-29003, TRH-L-29004 • ibid.;
<geoCoordinate degrees="59" direction="north" minutes="59.900" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="59.998333">59°59.900'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="east" minutes="27.555" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="5.45925">05°27.555'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. avellana" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. avellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 5 m a.s.l.; 9. May 2018; A. Frisch leg.; TRH-L-29005. SWEDEN -
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Gotland</emphasis>
• Stenkumla,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Myrsö">Myrsoe</normalizedToken>
; 1869; Laurer leg.; UPS-L-002825. -
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Skåne">Skane</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
• Dalby, Dalby
<normalizedToken originalValue="Söderskog">Soederskog</normalizedToken>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. excelsior" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="excelsior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F. excelsior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 23. Jul. 1947; R. Santesson leg.; UPS-L-118296 • ibid.; Ottarp,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bälteberga">Baelteberga</normalizedToken>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. excelsior" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="excelsior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F. excelsior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 20. Aug. 1946; O. Almborn leg.; S-F-71116, UPS-L-60625 • ibid.; 16. Sep. 1959; G. Degelius, O. Almborn leg.; UPS-L-60624. DENMARK -
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Jylland</emphasis>
• Horsens, Elling Skov; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. excelsior" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="excelsior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F. excelsior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 26. Mar. 1887; J. Jeppesen leg.; C-L-28996 • ibid.; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. sylvatica" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="sylvatica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F. sylvatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 26. Mar 1887; J. Jeppesen leg.; C-L-28993 • ibid.; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. excelsior" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="excelsior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F. excelsior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 26. Feb. 1887; J. Jeppesen leg.; S-F-71202, C-L-28992 • ibid.; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. excelsior" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="excelsior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F. excelsior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 20. Feb. 1887; J. P. Pedersen leg.; C-L-28991, C-L-28994 • ibid.; Hansted Skov; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. excelsior" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="excelsior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F. excelsior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 5. Des. 1886; J. Jeppesen leg.; C-L-29000 • ibid.; 1. Feb. 1887; J. Jeppesen leg.; C-L-28999 • ibid.; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. sylvatica" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="sylvatica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F. sylvatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 6. Mar. 1887; J. Jeppesen leg.; C-L-28998. • Lihme,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kås">Kas</normalizedToken>
skov; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. avellana" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. avellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 6. Aug. 1979; G. Thor leg.; UPS-L-165392 • ibid.; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. excelsior" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="excelsior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F. excelsior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 25. May. 1976; S. Svane leg.; C-L-28997, C-L-28988 • ibid.; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. avellana" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. avellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 25. May 1976; M. S. Christansen leg.; C-L-28990 • ibid.; Bringsbjerg Krat;
<geoCoordinate degrees="56" direction="north" minutes="37.129" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="56.618816">56°37.129'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="08" direction="east" minutes="41.423" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.690383">08°41.423'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. avellana" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. avellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 21. Oct. 2002; R. S. Larsen leg.; C-L-17076. -
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sjælland">Sjaelland</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
• Haslev; 29. Jul. 1887; Taussieng leg.; C-L-28995 • ibid.;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Skarresø">Skarreso</normalizedToken>
; 4. Nov. 1870; C.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Grönlund">Groenlund</normalizedToken>
leg.; UPS-L-002896.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="27" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Coniocarpon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coniocarpon cinnabarinum" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cinnabarinum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Coniocarpon cinnabarinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the other
<taxonomicName class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Coniocarpon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coniocarpon" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Coniocarpon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in Norway by distinctly larger ascospores and in ascospore septation: (19-)23-28(-30)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(8-)10-11(-12)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, (3-)4-5(-8) transversely septate vs (15-)16-18(-20)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(6-)7-8(-9)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, (2-)3(-4) transversely septate in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. cuspidans" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="cuspidans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. cuspidans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs (15-)17-20(-22)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(6-)7-9(-10)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, (1-)3-4(-5) transversely septate in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fallax" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Further, the ascomata in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. cinnabarinum" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="cinnabarinum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. cinnabarinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are mostly irregularly rounded to elliptical and only rarely lirellate as in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. cuspidans" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="cuspidans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. cuspidans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fallax" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The ascomatal disc in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. cinnabarinum" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="cinnabarinum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. cinnabarinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is typically covered by a thick layer of white pruina which may be overlaid by orange-red pruina, and the ascomatal margin is orange-red pruinose. In
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. cuspidans" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="cuspidans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. cuspidans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the ascomata completely lack orange-red pruina, while a thin white pruina may be occasionally present. In
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fallax" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the distribution of pruina is similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. cinnabarinum" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="cinnabarinum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. cinnabarinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the white pruina is less pronounced and may even be lacking. Additional differences have been observed in the reaction of proper exciple and epithecium to iodine: Idil/I+ blue in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. cinnabarinum" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="cinnabarinum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. cinnabarinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fallax" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs Idil/I+ red in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. cuspidans" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="cuspidans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. cuspidans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The quinoid pigments A1, A3 and A4 have been identified in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. cinnabarinum" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="cinnabarinum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. cinnabarinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in various amounts. The quinoid patterns in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fallax" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are similar, while in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. cuspidans" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="cuspidans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. cuspidans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
A3 is absent or occurs in trace amounts only. The pigment A2 has only been found in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. cuspidans" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="cuspidans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. cuspidans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Coniocarpon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coniocarpon cinnabarinum" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cinnabarinum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Coniocarpon cinnabarinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the selected type species of
<taxonomicName class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Coniocarpon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coniocarpon" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Coniocarpon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Santesson, R" journalOrPublisher="Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 590" refId="B45" refString="Santesson, R, 1952. Foliicolous lichens I. A revision of the taxonomy of the obligately foliicolous, lichenized fungi. Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses 12 (1): 1 - 590" title="Foliicolous lichens I. A revision of the taxonomy of the obligately foliicolous, lichenized fungi." volume="12" year="1952">Santesson 1952</bibRefCitation>
), but the name is preceded by
<taxonomicName class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Spiloma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Spiloma tumidulum" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="tumidulum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Spiloma tumidulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Acharius, E" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" refId="B1" refString="Acharius, E, 1803. Methodus qua omnes detectos lichenes. C. F. Marquard, Stockholmiae, iv, 1-393." title="Methodus qua omnes detectos lichenes. C. F. Marquard, Stockholmiae, iv, 1 - 393." year="1803">Acharius 1803</bibRefCitation>
) and possibly
<taxonomicName class="Ascomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Sphaeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Sphaeria gregaria" order="Xylariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="gregaria">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Sphaeria gregaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.123718" author="Weigel, CE" journalOrPublisher="Plant Ecology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" refId="B51" refString="Weigel, CE, 1772. Observationes botanicae. F. Roese, Gryphiae, viii, 1-51. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.123718" title="Observationes botanicae. F. Roese, Gryphiae, viii, 1 - 51." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.123718" year="1772">Weigel (1772)</bibRefCitation>
. The situation is further complicated by the fact that the only specimen of
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. cinnabarinum" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="cinnabarinum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. cinnabarinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in PC that is unequivocally linked to the publication of
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
Flore
<normalizedToken originalValue="française">francaise</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
and donated by de Candolle, represents
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fallax" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Since
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. cinnabarinum" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="cinnabarinum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. cinnabarinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a well established species and often cited in literature, we intend to propose this name for conservation. The typification of the species will be discussed in the proposal, which is currently under preparation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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