treatments-xml/data/03/98/A4/0398A450FF8CEF61A115FC5BFB3BFEC3.xml

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<mods:title id="94AEE3B5E329CC2966549A96D328B92B">Two new mealybug species from the Falkland Islands (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea, Pseudococcidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4206C6BFECCAFE91EEF2991AD73BF1AB">Williams, D. J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="59611F6E2DE21DFFEDA1A2C9E4AA975D">2004</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C32B46CDFF8CEF64A115FC5BFED1FC4E" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8E1546FF8CEF64A115FC5BFDF3FC2D" blockId="1.[264,581,918,979]" box="[264,581,918,944]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="D0C6A22AFF8CEF64A115FC5BFDF3FC2D" bold="true" box="[264,581,918,944]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B945C954FF8CEF64A115FC5BFDF3FC2D" bold="true" box="[264,581,918,944]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C316EC5FF8CEF64A115FC5BFE56FC2D" box="[264,480,918,944]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Rhizoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolacis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B945C954FF8CEF64A115FC5BFE56FC2D" bold="true" box="[264,480,918,944]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Rhizoecus bolacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A276742FFF8CEF64A1FAFC5BFDF3FC2D" box="[487,581,918,944]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E1546FF8CEF64A115FC74FED1FC4E" blockId="1.[264,581,918,979]" box="[264,359,953,979]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
(
<figureCitation id="130A09C3FF8CEF64A10CFC74FEE3FC4E" box="[273,341,953,979]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[264,367,1860,1884]" captionTargetBox="[299,1314,334,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[232,1394,295,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Rhizoecus bolacis sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158799/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
.)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32B46CDFF8CEF66A115FBC4FEF9FC13" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8E1546FF8CEF64A115FBC4FE24FBBF" blockId="1.[264,1325,1033,1899]" box="[264,402,1033,1058]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B945C954FF8CEF64A115FBC4FE24FBBF" box="[264,402,1033,1058]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E1546FF8CEF64A125FBFCFB47F8F6" blockId="1.[264,1325,1033,1899]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Body of adult female on microscope slide elongate oval, sides almost parallel, membranous, segmentation distinct, about 
<quantity id="4CC9B8A3FF8CEF64A2CEFB94FCF6FBEE" box="[723,832,1113,1139]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="1.95">1.95 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CC9B8A3FF8CEF64A38CFB94FC4BFBEE" box="[913,1021,1113,1139]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.90 mm</quantity>
wide. Anal lobes poorly developed, each possessing a stout ventral apical seta about 90 µm long and a pair of dorsal setae, each 70–80 µm long, forming a group of 3. Antennae each 
<quantity id="4CC9B8A3FF8CEF64A452FB64FB50FB5E" box="[1103,1254,1193,1219]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="m" value="215.0" valueMax="220.0" valueMin="210.0">210–220 m</quantity>
long, geniculate, with 6 segments; falcate setae, each slightly swollen at tip, on segments 5 and 6; space between antennal bases a little wider than width of a basal segment. Legs well developed; hind trochanter + femur 
<quantity id="4CC9B8A3FF8CEF64A2A2FAECFCEFFAA6" box="[703,857,1313,1339]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="m" value="155.0" valueMax="160.0" valueMin="150.0">150–160 m</quantity>
long, hind tibia + tarsus 
<quantity id="4CC9B8A3FF8CEF64A48FFAECFA9DFAA6" box="[1170,1323,1313,1339]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="m" value="175.0" valueMax="180.0" valueMin="170.0">170–180 m</quantity>
long; claw elongate, about 
<quantity id="4CC9B8A3FF8CEF64A25BFA84FD25FAFE" box="[582,659,1353,1379]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
long; paired claw digitules knobbed, slightly surpassing claw in length. Ratio of lengths of hind tibia + tarsus to hind trochanter + femur 1.06–1.20. Ratio of lengths of hind tibia to tarsus 1.42–1.57. Leg setae slender, except for thick stout setae on inner edge and anterior surface of each tibia and tarsus. Labium 
<quantity id="4CC9B8A3FF8CEF64A48FFA0CFA9DFA46" box="[1170,1323,1473,1499]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="m" value="105.0" valueMax="110.0" valueMin="100.0">100–110 m</quantity>
long, about 50 µm wide, similar in length to clypeolabral shield. Circulus present, oval, 35 µm wide and 27.5 µm long, nipple­shaped, with rounded medial extension (about 15 µm long and 7.5 µm in diameter at distal end), situated medially near posterior edge of abdominal segment III but within borders of segment. Cephalic plate present, weakly sclerotized, almost quadrate in shape, with a seta present in each corner. Ostioles present, each with inner edges of lips weakly sclerotized, lips of anterior pairs of ostioles each bearing a few short setae and trilocular pores, posterior pair of ostioles with fewer setae and trilocular pores on each lip. Anal ring about 65 µm wide and 50 µm long, situated at apex of abdomen, bearing 6 setae (each 
<quantity id="4CC9B8A3FF8CEF64A296F8E4FCA2F8DE" box="[651,788,1833,1859]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.75" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="m" value="97.5" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="95.0">95–100 m</quantity>
long), and 2 rows of cells, these elongate at anterior end of ring, triangular to quadrate towards posterior end of ring. Eyes absent.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4E45CEFF8FEF67A115F889FD1CF8C6" box="[264,682,1860,1884]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158799/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" targetBox="[299,1314,334,1859]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8B8E1546FF8FEF67A115F889FD1CF8C6" blockId="2.[264,682,1860,1884]" box="[264,682,1860,1884]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B945C954FF8FEF67A115F889FE35F8C1" bold="true" box="[264,387,1860,1884]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C316EC5FF8FEF67A18CF888FDE7F8C1" box="[401,593,1861,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Rhizoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolacis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B945C954FF8FEF67A18CF888FDE7F8C1" box="[401,593,1861,1884]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Rhizoecus bolacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A276742FFF8FEF67A24AF889FD1CF8C6" box="[599,682,1860,1883]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8E1546FF8EEF66A125FED1FEFCFD03" blockId="3.[264,1323,284,910]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Dorsal surface of body with numerous short pointed setae present, many each about 10 µm long, setae absent from intersegmental areas; a few setae each about 30 µm long present across posterior abdominal segments and some setae each about 50 µm long occurring on posterior lateral margins. Multilocular disc pores absent. Trilocular pores evenly distributed in areas occupied by setae. Oral collar tubular ducts present, minute, each narrower than a trilocular pore, sparsely distributed across middle of most segments. Bitubular cerores present, each containing truncate tubes tapering gradually towards distal end and widely diverging, more than half of each tube situated below surface of derm; cerores sparse, at most 3 present on any abdominal segment and 3­5 present on any thoracic segment.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E1546FF8EEF66A125FD61FEF9FC13" blockId="3.[264,1323,284,910]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ventral surface with setae similar to those on dorsum. Multilocular disc pores absent. Trilocular pores evenly distributed among setae. Oral collar tubular ducts similar to those on dorsum, sparsely present across abdominal segments and 1 or 2 situated laterally on thorax. Bitubular cerores, same size as those on dorsum, present singly near lateral margins of some abdominal segments, lateral to each thoracic spiracle and between antennal bases.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32B46CDFF8EEF66A115FC09FD06FB3B" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8E1546FF8EEF66A115FC09FE50FC40" blockId="3.[264,1323,964,1190]" box="[264,486,964,989]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B945C954FF8EEF66A115FC09FE50FC40" box="[264,486,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E1546FF8EEF66A125FC21FE79FBCB" blockId="3.[264,1323,964,1190]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<typeStatus id="548AABE4FF8EEF66A125FC21FE65FB9B" box="[312,467,1004,1030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
adult Ψ, 
<collectingCountry id="F32655D6FF8EEF66A253FC21FC93FB9B" box="[590,805,1004,1030]" name="Falkland Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B945C954FF8EEF66A253FC21FC93FB9B" bold="true" box="[590,805,1004,1030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Falkland Islands</emphasis>
</collectingCountry>
, East Falkland, Cusby’s Hill, on roots of 
<taxonomicName id="4C316EC5FF8EEF66A115FBD9FDDCFBB3" box="[264,618,1044,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Bolax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gummifera">
<emphasis id="B945C954FF8EEF66A115FBD9FE6FFBB0" box="[264,473,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Bolax gummifera</emphasis>
(Apiaceae)
</taxonomicName>
, extracted by Tullgren funnel apparatus, 
<date id="FF8F3386FF8EEF66A46CFBD9FB69FBB3" box="[1137,1247,1044,1070]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2002-11-07">7.xi.2002</date>
<emphasis id="B945C954FF8EEF66A4F2FBD9FEE3FBC8" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">(A.G. Jones)</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED208D83FF8EEF66A179FBF1FE75FBCB" box="[356,451,1084,1110]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">BMNH</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E1546FF8EEF66A125FBA9FD06FB3B" blockId="3.[264,1323,964,1190]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<typeStatus id="548AABE4FF8EEF66A125FBA9FE6BFBE3" box="[312,477,1124,1150]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F32655D6FF8EEF66A1F4FBA9FD0DFBE3" box="[489,699,1124,1150]" name="Falkland Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B945C954FF8EEF66A1F4FBA9FD0DFBE3" bold="true" box="[489,699,1124,1150]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Falkland Islands</emphasis>
</collectingCountry>
, same data as 
<typeStatus id="548AABE4FF8EEF66A37AFBA9FC66FBE3" box="[871,976,1124,1150]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D37DECFFF8EEF66A3C1FBA9FB98FBE3" box="[988,1070,1124,1150]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="adult">2 adult</specimenCount>
ΨΨ, 3 3rd­instar ΨΨ, on same slide as 
<typeStatus id="548AABE4FF8EEF66A1D3FB41FD83FB3B" box="[462,565,1164,1190]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="ED208D83FF8EEF66A258FB41FD12FB3B" box="[581,676,1164,1190]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">BMNH</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32B46CDFF8EEF66A115FB11FBDBFA80" box="[264,1133,1244,1310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8E1546FF8EEF66A115FB11FE33FB68" blockId="3.[264,1133,1244,1310]" box="[264,389,1244,1269]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B945C954FF8EEF66A115FB11FE33FB68" box="[264,389,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E1546FF8EEF66A125FAC9FBDBFA80" blockId="3.[264,1133,1244,1310]" box="[312,1133,1284,1310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
The name is based on the Latin genitive of the host­plant name 
<emphasis id="B945C954FF8EEF66A43CFAC9FBDBFA80" box="[1057,1133,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C316EC5FF8EEF66A43CFAC9FBDFFA80" box="[1057,1129,1284,1309]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Bolax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bolax</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32B46CDFF8EEF61A115FA99FB3BFEC3" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8E1546FF8EEF66A115FA99FE35FAF0" blockId="3.[264,1323,1364,1870]" box="[264,387,1364,1389]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B945C954FF8EEF66A115FA99FE35FAF0" box="[264,387,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Comments</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E1546FF8EEF61A125FAB1FB3BFEC3" blockId="3.[264,1323,1364,1870]" lastBlockId="4.[264,1323,284,350]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
In possessing bitubular cerores and lacking multilocular disc pores, 
<taxonomicName id="4C316EC5FF8EEF66A44AFAB1FA9DFA08" box="[1111,1323,1404,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Rhizoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolacis">
<emphasis id="B945C954FF8EEF66A44AFAB1FA9DFA08" box="[1111,1323,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Rhizoecus bolacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unlike any of the species so far described from the New World, which were discussed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA068B7FF8EEF66A115FA01FE57FA7B" author="Hambleton" box="[264,481,1484,1510]" pageId="3" pageNumber="8" refString="Hambleton, E. J. (1976) A revision of the New World mealybugs of the genus Rhizoecus (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Technical Bulletin, United States Department of Agriculture, 1522, 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1976">Hambleton (1976)</bibRefCitation>
and Williams &amp; Granara de 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA068B7FF8EEF66A322FA01FC45FA7B" author="Willink" box="[831,1011,1484,1510]" pageId="3" pageNumber="8" refString="Williams, D. J. &amp; Granara de Willink, M. C. (1992) Mealybugs of Central and South America. C. A. B. International, Wallingford, 635 pp." type="book" year="1992">Willink (1992)</bibRefCitation>
. All the species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C316EC5FF8EEF66A4C3FA01FD89F993" authority="Kunckel d'Herculais" authorityName="Kunckel d'Herculais" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Rhizoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B945C954FF8EEF66A4C3FA01FE8AF990" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Rhizoecus</emphasis>
Künckel d’Herculais
</taxonomicName>
presently known in the New World and possessing bitubular cerores also possess multilocular disc pores. Other species in the New World that lack multilocular disc pores also possess tritubular cerores instead of bitubular cerores. 
<taxonomicName id="4C316EC5FF8EEF66A115F9A1FECBF918" box="[264,381,1644,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Rhizoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolacis">
<emphasis id="B945C954FF8EEF66A115F9A1FECBF918" box="[264,381,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">R. bolacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to be related to species known in southern Asia, many being described at present that lack multilocular disc pores but possess bitubular cerores. 
<taxonomicName id="4C316EC5FF8EEF66A455F959FEF4F94B" authority="Williams" authorityName="Williams" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Rhizoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loicmatilei">
<emphasis id="B945C954FF8EEF66A455F959FB50F930" box="[1096,1254,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">R. loicmatilei</emphasis>
Williams
</taxonomicName>
, described from 
<collectingCountry id="F32655D6FF8EEF66A20FF971FDCCF94B" box="[530,634,1724,1750]" name="Thailand" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA068B7FF8EEF66A290F971FCFCF94B" author="Williams" box="[653,842,1724,1750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="8" refString="Williams, D. J. (2001) Description of a new mealybug species of the hypogeic genus Rhizoecus Kunckel d'Herculais from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand [Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae]. Revue francaise d'Entomologie (NS), 23, 15 - 18." type="journal article" year="2001">Williams, 2001</bibRefCitation>
), has a similar distribution of bitubular cerores and oral collar tubular ducts but the tubes in each ceroris are almost parallel, not divergent as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C316EC5FF8EEF66A1A3F8C1FD82F8B8" box="[446,564,1804,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Rhizoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolacis">
<emphasis id="B945C954FF8EEF66A1A3F8C1FD82F8B8" box="[446,564,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">R. bolacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Moreover, there are 2 circuli present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C316EC5FF8EEF66A406F8C1FB0FF8B8" box="[1051,1209,1804,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Rhizoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loicmatilei">
<emphasis id="B945C954FF8EEF66A406F8C1FB0FF8B8" box="[1051,1209,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">R. loicmatilei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and each is cylindrical, whereas 
<taxonomicName id="4C316EC5FF8EEF66A208F8F9FD3CF8D0" box="[533,650,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Rhizoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolacis">
<emphasis id="B945C954FF8EEF66A208F8F9FD3CF8D0" box="[533,650,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">R. bolacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses a single, nipple­shaped circulus. Besides, there are eyes present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C316EC5FF89EF61A1F1FED1FD3CFEA8" box="[492,650,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Rhizoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loicmatilei">
<emphasis id="B945C954FF89EF61A1F1FED1FD3CFEA8" box="[492,650,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">R. loicmatilei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the claw digitules are short and setose; in 
<taxonomicName id="4C316EC5FF89EF61A4A9FED1FA9DFEA8" box="[1204,1323,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Rhizoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolacis">
<emphasis id="B945C954FF89EF61A4A9FED1FA9DFEA8" box="[1204,1323,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">R. bolacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
eyes are absent, and the claw digitules are knobbed and longer than the claw.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>