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161 lines
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<document id="3183F2028BD54379AAB1D7B7548E28E9" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4750.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ff300143-3581-4909-ae95-8dec768fe27a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3702847" ID-ZooBank="CF37CEA8-E156-48A6-8A28-C94A294A75DF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1583849226697" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L. & Fujita, Toshihiko" docDate="2020" docId="03DC87ABFFC5023F17E81BECFC4A90A3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4750.1.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4750 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Seriaster Jangoux 1984" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="93" masterDocId="FFE5FFD3FFDF0225177F1F41FFA29777" masterDocTitle="New species and occurrence records of Japanese Solasteridae and Ganeriidae including a new species of Paralophaster from the North Pacific with an overview of Hyalinothrix" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="67" pageNumber="93" updateTime="1698726646140" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="46097497C83C6400ED22FA8B76D7AFE9">New species and occurrence records of Japanese Solasteridae and Ganeriidae including a new species of Paralophaster from the North Pacific with an overview of Hyalinothrix</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="528D29B3A8C5DAD1438862D68BC7317D">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="31BCCB41CC81F25155DC1F4A09D27201">Fujita, Toshihiko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="425B60E359B59EEC4FEB60469509CA5F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F93AA45FB593BAFE4F9867F5A8418732">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C86C13B68A6DDFF9B92371B62AD3BCC5">2020-03-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="80966FD77FECE15B7EF9DA4E9DB70CFD">4750</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="DE67C87A11ABF127018B1D92EDBE3101" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4750.1.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DC87ABFFC5023F17E81BECFC4A90A3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3706265" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162481343" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3706265" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC87ABFFC5023F17E81BECFC4A90A3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC87ABFFC5023F17E81BECFC4A90A3" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="26" pageNumber="93">
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<subSubSection id="C36F6536FFC5023F17E81BECFE1C93B0" box="[151,446,1197,1223]" pageId="26" pageNumber="93" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFC5023F17E81BECFE1C93B0" blockId="26.[151,446,1197,1259]" box="[151,446,1197,1223]" pageId="26" pageNumber="93">
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<heading id="D08281D1FFC5023F17E81BECFE1C93B0" bold="true" box="[151,446,1197,1223]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="93" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC5023F17E81BECFE1C93B0" authority="Jangoux, 1984" authorityName="Jangoux" authorityYear="1984" box="[151,446,1197,1223]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Seriaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="93" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC5023F17E81BECFE1C93B0" bold="true" box="[151,446,1197,1223]" pageId="26" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC5023F17E81BECFEA193B0" bold="true" box="[151,259,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="93">Seriaster</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFC5023F16751BECFE1C93B0" author="Jangoux, M." box="[266,446,1197,1223]" pageId="26" pageNumber="93" pagination="279 - 293" refId="ref24453" refString="Jangoux, M. (1984) Les asterides littoraux de Nouvelle-Caledonie. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Series 4, 6 A (Zoologie, Biologie et Ecologie animale), 2, 279 - 293." type="journal article" year="1984">Jangoux, 1984</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36F6536FFC5023F17E81B90FE98939C" box="[151,314,1233,1259]" pageId="26" pageNumber="93" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFC5023F17E81B90FE98939C" blockId="26.[151,446,1197,1259]" box="[151,314,1233,1259]" pageId="26" pageNumber="93">
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<figureCitation id="134E2A38FFC5023F17E81B90FEA3939C" box="[151,257,1233,1259]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1938,1963]" captionTargetBox="[219,1371,173,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[210,1378,166,1918]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 10. Seriaster regularis. NSMT-E-10637. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. B. Close-up of abactinal paxillae. Scale bar=1.0 mm. C. Oral surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Close-up of tube foot furrow and adambulacral plates. Scale bar=1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702865/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="93">Figure 10</figureCitation>
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A–D
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36F6536FFC5023F17E81A51FD7D925F" box="[151,735,1295,1320]" pageId="26" pageNumber="93" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFC5023F17E81A51FD7D925F" blockId="26.[151,735,1295,1320]" box="[151,735,1295,1320]" pageId="26" pageNumber="93">
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC5023F17E81A51FE32925F" authority="Jangoux, 1984" authorityName="Jangoux" authorityYear="1984" box="[151,400,1296,1320]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Seriaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="93" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC5023F17E81A51FF509250" box="[151,242,1296,1319]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="93">Seriaster</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFC5023F17861A51FE32925F" author="Jangoux, M." box="[249,400,1296,1320]" pageId="26" pageNumber="93" pagination="279 - 293" refId="ref24453" refString="Jangoux, M. (1984) Les asterides littoraux de Nouvelle-Caledonie. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Series 4, 6 A (Zoologie, Biologie et Ecologie animale), 2, 279 - 293." type="journal article" year="1984">Jangoux, 1984</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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: 281,284; A. M. Clark 1996: 191
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36F6536FFC5023F17E81A14FC4A90A3" pageId="26" pageNumber="93" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFC5023F17E81A14FAD392CE" blockId="26.[151,1437,1365,2005]" pageId="26" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC5023F17E81A14FEBD9207" bold="true" box="[151,287,1365,1392]" pageId="26" pageNumber="93">Comments.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC5023F165A1A16FE289206" authorityName="Jangoux" authorityYear="1984" box="[293,394,1367,1393]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Seriaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="93" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC5023F165A1A16FE289206" box="[293,394,1367,1393]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="93">Seriaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was originally described in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFC5023F15BC1A16FCD39207" author="Jangoux, M." box="[707,881,1366,1393]" pageId="26" pageNumber="93" pagination="279 - 293" refId="ref24453" refString="Jangoux, M. (1984) Les asterides littoraux de Nouvelle-Caledonie. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Series 4, 6 A (Zoologie, Biologie et Ecologie animale), 2, 279 - 293." type="journal article" year="1984">Jangoux (1984)</bibRefCitation>
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and tentatively assigned to the
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC5023F13B21A17FAF49207" authorityName="Viguier" authorityYear="1878" box="[1229,1366,1366,1392]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="93" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Solasteridae</taxonomicName>
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based on the shape of the actinal plates as compared with
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC5023F15AF1A3BFCF192E3" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[720,851,1402,1428]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Rhipidaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="93" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC5023F15AF1A3BFCF192E3" box="[720,851,1402,1428]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="93">Rhipidaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and abactinal plates from other solasterids including
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC5023F17E81ADFFEC292CF" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,352,1438,1464]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="93" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="regularis">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC5023F17E81ADFFEC292CF" box="[151,352,1438,1464]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="93">Solaster regularis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC5023F16E91ADFFDAA92CF" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1878" box="[406,520,1438,1464]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="93" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC5023F16E91ADFFDAA92CF" box="[406,520,1438,1464]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="93">Lophaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFC5023F15691ADEFD6792CF" author="Jangoux, M." box="[534,709,1438,1465]" pageId="26" pageNumber="93" pagination="279 - 293" refId="ref24453" refString="Jangoux, M. (1984) Les asterides littoraux de Nouvelle-Caledonie. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Series 4, 6 A (Zoologie, Biologie et Ecologie animale), 2, 279 - 293." type="journal article" year="1984">Jangoux (1984)</bibRefCitation>
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also pointed out affinities between
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC5023F132B1ADEFB1B92CE" authorityName="Jangoux" authorityYear="1984" box="[1108,1209,1439,1465]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Seriaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="93" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC5023F132B1ADEFB1B92CE" box="[1108,1209,1439,1465]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="93">Seriaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC5023F13901ADFFAC892CF" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1840" box="[1263,1386,1438,1464]" class="Asteroidea" family="Chaetasteridae" genus="Chaetaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="93" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC5023F13901ADFFAC892CF" box="[1263,1386,1438,1464]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="93">Chaetaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFC5023F17B81A83FC329152" blockId="26.[151,1437,1365,2005]" pageId="26" pageNumber="93">
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Examination of the adambulacral plates in both
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC5023F15951A82FCED92AA" authorityName="Jangoux" authorityYear="1984" box="[746,847,1475,1501]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Seriaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="93" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC5023F15951A82FCED92AA" box="[746,847,1475,1501]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="93">Seriaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and members of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC5023F133E1A83FB6892AB" authorityName="Viguier" authorityYear="1878" box="[1089,1226,1474,1500]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="93" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Solasteridae</taxonomicName>
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revealed that they are distinctly different. Solasterids, using
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC5023F15121AA7FD529177" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[621,752,1510,1536]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Rhipidaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="93" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC5023F15121AA7FD529177" box="[621,752,1510,1536]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="93">Rhipidaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as the exemplar (
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<figureCitation id="134E2A38FFC5023F14C71AA7FC5E9177" box="[952,1020,1510,1536]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1908,1933]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,183,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,174,1889]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Paralophaster gomo n. sp. Holotype, NSMT-E-11294. Scale bar=0.5 cm for all except B and C. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal surface. Scale bar=2.0 mm. C. Oral surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Closeup of oral region. E. Small specimen showing large primary plates NMST E-11260." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702851/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="93">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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), possess a wide adambulacral plate, each separated from the other plates by a distinct tissue filled space.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFC5023F17B8196EFCC6918B" blockId="26.[151,1437,1365,2005]" pageId="26" pageNumber="93">
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC5023F17B8196EFE8E913E" authorityName="Jangoux" authorityYear="1984" box="[199,300,1583,1609]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Seriaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="93" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC5023F17B8196EFE8E913E" box="[199,300,1583,1609]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="93">Seriaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, in contrast, lacks the large, wide transversely arranged adambulacral plate with the broad round facet and tissue-filled space between plates and has instead smaller more block-shape adambulacral plates present in a transverse series with each adambulacral plate facing separated by a small tissue-filled space (
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<figureCitation id="134E2A38FFC5023F138C1937FAFF91E7" box="[1267,1373,1654,1680]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1938,1963]" captionTargetBox="[219,1371,173,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[210,1378,166,1918]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 10. Seriaster regularis. NSMT-E-10637. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. B. Close-up of abactinal paxillae. Scale bar=1.0 mm. C. Oral surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Close-up of tube foot furrow and adambulacral plates. Scale bar=1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702865/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="93">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
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). The adambulacral plates are abutted directly onto the adjacent inferomarginal, which in turn was in contact with the the parallel superomarginal plate. Both marginal plate series followed
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFC5023F14F819FFFB8C91AF" author="Blake, D. B." box="[903,1070,1726,1752]" pageId="26" pageNumber="93" pagination="234 - 241" refId="ref22895" refString="Blake, D. B. (1978) The taxonomic position of the modern sea-star Cistina Gray, 1840. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 91 (1), 234 - 241." type="journal article" year="1978">Blake’s (1978)</bibRefCitation>
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definition for marginal plates in which the series tracks from the interradius to the arm terminus.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFC5023F17B81846FD0390FA" blockId="26.[151,1437,1365,2005]" pageId="26" pageNumber="93">
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC5023F17B81846FE8E9056" authorityName="Jangoux" authorityYear="1984" box="[199,300,1799,1825]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Seriaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="93" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC5023F17B81846FE8E9056" box="[199,300,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="93">Seriaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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also possesses abactinal plates in ordered imbricate series forming regular papular pores sitting between paxillae-like plates, exhibit hyaline spinelets on the abactinals and lacks the abactinal skeleton structure observed in solasterids, including the reticular, irregular skeleton observed in
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC5023F14F4180FFBAC901F" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[907,1038,1870,1896]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Rhipidaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="93" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC5023F14F4180FFBAC901F" box="[907,1038,1870,1896]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="93">Rhipidaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or the paxillae-like plates sitting on round, imbricate plates observed in
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC5023F15571833FD3890FB" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1878" box="[552,666,1906,1932]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="93" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC5023F15571833FD3890FB" box="[552,666,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="93">Lophaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFC5023F17B818D7FC4A90A3" blockId="26.[151,1437,1365,2005]" pageId="26" pageNumber="93">
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Our skeletal observations disagree with the placement of
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC5023F142618D6FC1C90C6" authorityName="Jangoux" authorityYear="1984" box="[857,958,1943,1969]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Seriaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="93" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFC5023F142618D6FC1C90C6" box="[857,958,1943,1969]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="93">Seriaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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within the
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFC5023F133C18D7FB6E90C7" authorityName="Viguier" authorityYear="1878" box="[1091,1228,1942,1968]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="93" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Solasteridae</taxonomicName>
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made by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFC5023F124018D6FF4090A3" author="Jangoux, M." pageId="26" pageNumber="93" pagination="279 - 293" refId="ref24453" refString="Jangoux, M. (1984) Les asterides littoraux de Nouvelle-Caledonie. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Series 4, 6 A (Zoologie, Biologie et Ecologie animale), 2, 279 - 293." type="journal article" year="1984">Jangoux (1984)</bibRefCitation>
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and are more consistent with placement within the Hyalinothricinae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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