treatments-xml/data/CE/9D/BC/CE9DBC3ED0E85E748C24DE140FBF9B83.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.48312" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7de3ea60-ba35-4831-ae1d-048dc362f8b0" ID-GBIF-Taxon="161939041" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-1-25" ID-Pensoft-UUID="4EDA9B5B777551B7BBB0152DD188E5EF" ID-ZooBank="F2C8585A1268443693348B64AE20F6EE" ModsDocID="1860-0743-1-25" checkinTime="1580744411276" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sands, Arthur F, Gloeer, Peter, Guerlek, Mustafa E, Albrecht, Christian &amp; Neubauer, Thomas A" docDate="2020" docId="CE9DBC3ED0E85E748C24DE140FBF9B83" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 96(1): 25-66" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 96 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.48312" docTitle="Theodoxus macri" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="4EDA9B5B777551B7BBB0152DD188E5EF" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="4EDA9B5B777551B7BBB0152DD188E5EF" masterDocTitle="A revision of the extant species of Theodoxus (Gastropoda, Neritidae) in Asia, with the description of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="66" masterPageNumber="25" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1635972787372" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A revision of the extant species of Theodoxus (Gastropoda, Neritidae) in Asia, with the description of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Sands, Arthur F</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Justus Liebig Univrsity Giessen, Giessen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Gloeer, Peter</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Hetlingen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Guerlek, Mustafa E</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Mehmet Akif Ersoy niversity, Burdur, Turkey</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Albrecht, Christian</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Neubauer, Thomas A</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany &amp; Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Leiden, Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number>96</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="161939041" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CE9DBC3ED0E85E748C24DE140FBF9B83" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE9DBC3ED0E85E748C24DE140FBF9B83" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName LSID="CE9DBC3E-D0E8-5E74-8C24-DE140FBF9B83" authority="(G. B. Sowerby II, 1849)" baseAuthorityName="G. B. Sowerby II" baseAuthorityYear="1849" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Theodoxus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theodoxus macri" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="macri">Theodoxus macri (G.B. Sowerby II, 1849)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Theodoxus macri (G. B. Sowerby II, 1849). A - D. Specimen collected close to Harbiye Falls, Harbiye, Antakya, Turkey (UGSB 24179); E - H. Specimen from Lake Yenisehir, Reyhanli, Turkey (UGSB 24180); I, J. Specimen from Lake Balik, Adalar, Turkey (UGSB 24181). All specimens (A-J) were used in the phylogeny (Fig. 2). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.48312.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376467" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Figure 18A-H</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Neritina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neritina Macri" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Macri">Neritina Macri</taxonomicName>
G.B. Sowerby 
<date value="1849-02">II 1849</date>
: 531, pl. 116, fig. 222.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Neritina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neritina" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Neritina</taxonomicName>
Macrii [sic]: 
<bibRefCitation author="Martens, Ev" journalOrPublisher="Bauer &amp; Raspe, Nuernberg" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52484536" refId="B99" refString="Martens, Ev, 1879. Die Gattung Neritina. - Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz 2 (10). Bauer &amp; Raspe, Nuernberg, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52484536" title="Die Gattung Neritina. - Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz 2 (10)." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52484536" year="1879">Martens 1879</bibRefCitation>
: 88-90, pl. 13, fig. 13 (partim, non pl. 4, figs 11-13, pl. 13, figs 27-29); Blanckenhorn 1889: 81 (synonymy tentative); 
<bibRefCitation author="Kobelt, W" journalOrPublisher="Aquila" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16299729" refId="B83" refString="Kobelt, W, 1899. Iconographie der Land- &amp; Suesswasser-Mollusken mit vorzueglicher Beruecksichtigung der europaeischen noch nicht abgebildeten Arten von E. A. Rossmaessler. VIII. Band. C. W. Kreidel, Wiesbaden, 1-11. [pls 211-240] https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16299729" title="Iconographie der Land- &amp; Suesswasser-Mollusken mit vorzueglicher Beruecksichtigung der europaeischen noch nicht abgebildeten Arten von E. A. Rossmaessler. VIII. Band. C. W. Kreidel, Wiesbaden, 1 - 11. [pls 211 - 240]" url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16299729" year="1899">Kobelt 1899</bibRefCitation>
: 5, pl. 212, figs 1327, 1328 (partim, excluding synonyms).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
non 
<taxonomicName authority="Bourguignat, 1877" authorityName="Bourguignat" authorityYear="1877" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Theodoxia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theodoxia" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Theodoxia</taxonomicName>
Macrii [sic]: 
<bibRefCitation author="Germain, L" journalOrPublisher="Bailliere et fils, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13187112" refId="B59" refString="Germain, L, 1921. Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de Syrie. Tome premier - Introduction et Gasteropodes. J.-B. Bailliere et fils, Paris, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13187112" title="Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de Syrie. Tome premier - Introduction et Gasteropodes. J. - B." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13187112" year="1921">Germain 1921</bibRefCitation>
: 516-518.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
non 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Sowerby" baseAuthorityYear="1849" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Theodoxus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theodoxus macrii" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="macrii">Theodoxus macrii</taxonomicName>
[sic]: 
<bibRefCitation author="Amr, ZS" journalOrPublisher="Denisia" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="221 - 227" publicationUrl="http://www.zobodat.at/stable/pdf/DENISIA_0014_0221-0227.pdf" refId="B10" refString="Amr, ZS, Abu Baker, M, 2004. Freshwater snails of Jordan. Denisia 14: 221 - 227, http://www.zobodat.at/stable/pdf/DENISIA_0014_0221-0227.pdf" title="Freshwater snails of Jordan." url="http://www.zobodat.at/stable/pdf/DENISIA_0014_0221-0227.pdf" volume="14" year="2004">Amr and Abu Baker 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 222, fig. 2; 
<bibRefCitation author="Handal, EN" journalOrPublisher="Jordan Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="23 - 29" refId="B70" refString="Handal, EN, Amr, Z, Qumsiyeh, MB, 2015. Some records of freshwater snail from the Occupied Palestinian territories. Jordan Journal of Natural History 1 (2): 23 - 29" title="Some records of freshwater snail from the Occupied Palestinian territories." volume="1" year="2015">Handal et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
: 25-26, fig. 1B.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
? 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Sowerby" baseAuthorityYear="1849" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Theodoxus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theodoxus macrii" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="macrii">Theodoxus macrii</taxonomicName>
[sic]: 
<bibRefCitation author="Gloeer, P" journalOrPublisher="Peter Gloeer, Hetlingen, Germany" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" refId="B62" refString="Gloeer, P, 2019. The freshwater gastropods of the West-Palaearctis. Vol. 1. Fresh- and brackish waters except spring and subterranean snails. Peter Gloeer, Hetlingen, Germany" title="The freshwater gastropods of the West-Palaearctis. Vol. 1. Fresh- and brackish waters except spring and subterranean snails." year="2019">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Glöer">Gloeer</normalizedToken>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
: 46, fig. 32.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Asia Minor (= Anatolia).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
According to 
<bibRefCitation author="Dance, SP" journalOrPublisher="Faber and Faber, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" refId="B41" refString="Dance, SP, 1966. Shell collecting. An illustrated history. Faber and Faber, London" title="Shell collecting. An illustrated history." year="1966">Dance (1966)</bibRefCitation>
, most material described by G.B. Sowerby II is deposited in 
<collectionCode collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]">BMNH</collectionCode>
, and parts also in the Tomlin Collection of 
<collectionCode collectionName="Austria, Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7yt-hh77" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" type="">NMW</collectionCode>
. Unfortunately, the 
<typeStatus>types</typeStatus>
could not been located in either of these two institutions (A. Salvador, H. Wood pers. comm. 07/2018).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
The identity of this species is doubtful at the moment. G.B. Sowerby II (1849) based it on a black periostracum, oval shell, and a grey, more inclined columellar plate. The short description and sole figure, as well as the imprecise locality information (&quot;Asia Minor&quot;) and the apparent lack of 
<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
material, render an attribution of newly collected specimens to that species uncertain. 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13590" author="Sands, AF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="1274 - 1286" refId="B138" refString="Sands, AF, Sereda, SV, Stelbrink, B, Neubauer, TA, Lazarev, S, Wilke, T, Albrecht, C, 2019a. Contributions of biogeographical functions to species accumulation may change over time in refugial regions. Journal of Biogeography 46 (6): 1274 - 1286, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13590" title="Contributions of biogeographical functions to species accumulation may change over time in refugial regions." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13590" volume="46" year="2019 a">Sands et al.'s (2019a)</bibRefCitation>
material from eastern Cilicia and south-east Anatolia fit well in terms of shell shape and periostracum colouration, and we tentatively consider them to belong to 
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. macri" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="macri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. macri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Theodoxus macri (G. B. Sowerby II, 1849). A - D. Specimen collected close to Harbiye Falls, Harbiye, Antakya, Turkey (UGSB 24179); E - H. Specimen from Lake Yenisehir, Reyhanli, Turkey (UGSB 24180); I, J. Specimen from Lake Balik, Adalar, Turkey (UGSB 24181). All specimens (A-J) were used in the phylogeny (Fig. 2). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.48312.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376467" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">18</figureCitation>
). The previous perception of 
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. macri" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="macri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. macri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was a different one though. In the literature of the late 19th century, it has been commonly considered a more widely distributed Middle Eastern species, with the junior synonyms 
<taxonomicName genus="N." lsidName="N. karasuna" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="karasuna">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">N. karasuna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName genus="N." lsidName="N. michonii" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="michonii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">N. michonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Martens, Ev" journalOrPublisher="Bauer &amp; Raspe, Nuernberg" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52484536" refId="B99" refString="Martens, Ev, 1879. Die Gattung Neritina. - Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz 2 (10). Bauer &amp; Raspe, Nuernberg, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52484536" title="Die Gattung Neritina. - Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz 2 (10)." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52484536" year="1879">Martens 1879</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Westerlund, CA" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10887359" refId="B160" refString="Westerlund, CA, 1886. Fauna der in der palaearctischen Region (Europa, Kaukasien, Sibirien, Turan, Persien, Kurdistan, Armenien, Mesopotamien, Kleinasien, Syrien, Arabien, Egypten, Tripolis, Tunesien, Algerien und Marocco) lebenden Binnenconchylien. VI. Fam. Ampullariidae, Paludinidae, Hydrobiidae, Melaniidae, Valvatidae &amp; Neritidae. Hakan Ohlsson, Lund, 156 + 13 pp. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10887359" title="Fauna der in der palaearctischen Region (Europa, Kaukasien, Sibirien, Turan, Persien, Kurdistan, Armenien, Mesopotamien, Kleinasien, Syrien, Arabien, Egypten, Tripolis, Tunesien, Algerien und Marocco) lebenden Binnenconchylien. VI. Fam. Ampullariidae, Paludinidae, Hydrobiidae, Melaniidae, Valvatidae &amp; Neritidae. Hakan Ohlsson, Lund, 156 + 13 pp." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10887359" year="1886">Westerlund 1886</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Kobelt, W" journalOrPublisher="Aquila" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16299729" refId="B83" refString="Kobelt, W, 1899. Iconographie der Land- &amp; Suesswasser-Mollusken mit vorzueglicher Beruecksichtigung der europaeischen noch nicht abgebildeten Arten von E. A. Rossmaessler. VIII. Band. C. W. Kreidel, Wiesbaden, 1-11. [pls 211-240] https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16299729" title="Iconographie der Land- &amp; Suesswasser-Mollusken mit vorzueglicher Beruecksichtigung der europaeischen noch nicht abgebildeten Arten von E. A. Rossmaessler. VIII. Band. C. W. Kreidel, Wiesbaden, 1 - 11. [pls 211 - 240]" url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16299729" year="1899">Kobelt 1899</bibRefCitation>
). More recently, 
<bibRefCitation author="Dagan, D" journalOrPublisher="Israel Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="223 - 229" refId="B39" refString="Dagan, D, 1971. Taxonomic discrimination between certain species of the genus Theodoxus (Gastropoda, Neritidae). Israel Journal of Zoology 20 (3): 223 - 229" title="Taxonomic discrimination between certain species of the genus Theodoxus (Gastropoda, Neritidae)." volume="20" year="1971">Dagan (1971)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Tchernov, E" journalOrPublisher="Malacologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="147 - 184" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13122806" refId="B154" refString="Tchernov, E, 1975. The molluscs of the Sea of Galilee. Malacologia 15 (1): 147 - 184, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13122806" title="The molluscs of the Sea of Galilee." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13122806" volume="15" year="1975">Tchernov (1975)</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<bibRefCitation author="Bandel, K" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen aus dem geologisch-palaeontologischen Institut der Universitaet Hamburg" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="65 - 164" refId="B20" refString="Bandel, K, 2001. The history of Theodoxus and Neritina connected with description and systematic evaluation of related Neritimorpha (Gastropoda). Mitteilungen aus dem geologisch-palaeontologischen Institut der Universitaet Hamburg 85: 65 - 164" title="The history of Theodoxus and Neritina connected with description and systematic evaluation of related Neritimorpha (Gastropoda)." volume="85" year="2001">Bandel (2001)</bibRefCitation>
considered 
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. macri" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="macri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. macri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. jordani" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="jordani">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. jordani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but based only on material from Israel and Jordan. Molecular analyses suggest that 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Montfort" authorityYear="1810" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Theodoxus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theodoxus" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Theodoxus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Jordan, Israel, and Palestine belong to a single species, 
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. jordani" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="jordani">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. jordani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is distinct from all other species (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13590" author="Sands, AF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="1274 - 1286" refId="B138" refString="Sands, AF, Sereda, SV, Stelbrink, B, Neubauer, TA, Lazarev, S, Wilke, T, Albrecht, C, 2019a. Contributions of biogeographical functions to species accumulation may change over time in refugial regions. Journal of Biogeography 46 (6): 1274 - 1286, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13590" title="Contributions of biogeographical functions to species accumulation may change over time in refugial regions." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13590" volume="46" year="2019 a">Sands et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation>
; Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dated phylogeny of the genus Theodoxus constructed with BEAST, based on existing GenBank and newly incorporated data for COI, 16 S and ATPα (Suppl. material 1: Table S 1). Morphospecies where associations are queried are highlighted by a question mark after the species name (see the &quot; Systematic checklist &quot; for more information). Small green (PP ≥ 0.95) and red (PP &lt;0.95) dots on nodes indicate the relative posterior probability support of divergence events. Node labels (1 - 32) correspond to divergence dates and HPD intervals in millions of years ago (Mya) for selected nodes (see Suppl. material 1: Table S 3). Dashed dark blue and light blue lines represent the minimum interspecific and maximum intraspecific variation determined by Sands et al. (2019 a) to aid Theodoxus spp. delimitation (see see Methods, Phylogenetics and species delimitation and that study for more information on the delimitation methods)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.48312.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376451" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">2</figureCitation>
). Although the true identity of 
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. macri" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="macri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. macri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remains dubious at the moment, these results indicate that 
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. macri" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="macri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. macri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not occur outside of Cilicia and south-eastern Anatolia. Probably all previous records of 
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. macri" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="macri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. macri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Middle East (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a064815" author="Najim, AT" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Molluscan Studies" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="159 - 163" refId="B112" refString="Najim, AT, 1959. Notes on the distribution of some molluscs in Iraq. Journal of Molluscan Studies 33 (4): 159 - 163, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a064815" title="Notes on the distribution of some molluscs in Iraq." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a064815" volume="33" year="1959">Najim 1959</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2006.549.552" author="Elkarmi, AZ" journalOrPublisher="Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="549 - 552" refId="B50" refString="Elkarmi, AZ, Ismail, NS, 2006. Population structure and shell morphometrics of the gastropod Theodoxus macri (Neritidae: Prosobranchia) from Azraq Oasis, Jordan. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 9 (3): 549 - 552, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2006.549.552" title="Population structure and shell morphometrics of the gastropod Theodoxus macri (Neritidae: Prosobranchia) from Azraq Oasis, Jordan." url="https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2006.549.552" volume="9" year="2006">Elkarmi and Ismail 2006</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Handal, EN" journalOrPublisher="Jordan Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="23 - 29" refId="B70" refString="Handal, EN, Amr, Z, Qumsiyeh, MB, 2015. Some records of freshwater snail from the Occupied Palestinian territories. Jordan Journal of Natural History 1 (2): 23 - 29" title="Some records of freshwater snail from the Occupied Palestinian territories." volume="1" year="2015">Handal et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
) refer to 
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. jordani" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="jordani">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. jordani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. If this is corroborated, 
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. macri" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="macri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. macri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
likely diverged from a common ancestor with 
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. jordani" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="jordani">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. jordani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the early Pleistocene (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13590" author="Sands, AF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="1274 - 1286" refId="B138" refString="Sands, AF, Sereda, SV, Stelbrink, B, Neubauer, TA, Lazarev, S, Wilke, T, Albrecht, C, 2019a. Contributions of biogeographical functions to species accumulation may change over time in refugial regions. Journal of Biogeography 46 (6): 1274 - 1286, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13590" title="Contributions of biogeographical functions to species accumulation may change over time in refugial regions." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13590" volume="46" year="2019 a">Sands et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation>
; Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dated phylogeny of the genus Theodoxus constructed with BEAST, based on existing GenBank and newly incorporated data for COI, 16 S and ATPα (Suppl. material 1: Table S 1). Morphospecies where associations are queried are highlighted by a question mark after the species name (see the &quot; Systematic checklist &quot; for more information). Small green (PP ≥ 0.95) and red (PP &lt;0.95) dots on nodes indicate the relative posterior probability support of divergence events. Node labels (1 - 32) correspond to divergence dates and HPD intervals in millions of years ago (Mya) for selected nodes (see Suppl. material 1: Table S 3). Dashed dark blue and light blue lines represent the minimum interspecific and maximum intraspecific variation determined by Sands et al. (2019 a) to aid Theodoxus spp. delimitation (see see Methods, Phylogenetics and species delimitation and that study for more information on the delimitation methods)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.48312.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376451" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.96.48312.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376467" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" start="Figure 18" startId="F18">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Figure 18.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="G. B. Sowerby II" baseAuthorityYear="1849" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Theodoxus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theodoxus macri" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="macri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Theodoxus macri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(G.B. Sowerby 
<collectionCode>II</collectionCode>
, 1849). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">A</emphasis>
- 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">D</emphasis>
. Specimen collected close to Harbiye Falls, Harbiye, Antakya, Turkey (
<collectionCode collectionName="UGSB">UGSB</collectionCode>
24179); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">E</emphasis>
- 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">H</emphasis>
. Specimen from Lake 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yenişehir">Yenisehir</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Reyhanlı">Reyhanli</normalizedToken>
, Turkey (
<collectionCode collectionName="UGSB">UGSB</collectionCode>
24180); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">I</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">J</emphasis>
. Specimen from Lake 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Balık">Balik</normalizedToken>
, Adalar, Turkey (
<collectionCode collectionName="UGSB">UGSB</collectionCode>
24181). All specimens (A-J) were used in the phylogeny (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dated phylogeny of the genus Theodoxus constructed with BEAST, based on existing GenBank and newly incorporated data for COI, 16 S and ATPα (Suppl. material 1: Table S 1). Morphospecies where associations are queried are highlighted by a question mark after the species name (see the &quot; Systematic checklist &quot; for more information). Small green (PP ≥ 0.95) and red (PP &lt;0.95) dots on nodes indicate the relative posterior probability support of divergence events. Node labels (1 - 32) correspond to divergence dates and HPD intervals in millions of years ago (Mya) for selected nodes (see Suppl. material 1: Table S 3). Dashed dark blue and light blue lines represent the minimum interspecific and maximum intraspecific variation determined by Sands et al. (2019 a) to aid Theodoxus spp. delimitation (see see Methods, Phylogenetics and species delimitation and that study for more information on the delimitation methods)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.48312.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376451" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">2</figureCitation>
). Scale bars: 
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
Note on authority: G.B. Sowerby II (1849) attributed the name to 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Récluz">Recluz</normalizedToken>
based on a manuscript name, but Sowerby remains the sole author of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
The distribution range of 
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. macri" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="macri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. macri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cannot be fully elucidated at present (see Remarks). The material studied by 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13590" author="Sands, AF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="1274 - 1286" refId="B138" refString="Sands, AF, Sereda, SV, Stelbrink, B, Neubauer, TA, Lazarev, S, Wilke, T, Albrecht, C, 2019a. Contributions of biogeographical functions to species accumulation may change over time in refugial regions. Journal of Biogeography 46 (6): 1274 - 1286, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13590" title="Contributions of biogeographical functions to species accumulation may change over time in refugial regions." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13590" volume="46" year="2019 a">Sands et al. (2019a)</bibRefCitation>
derives primarily from the drainage systems in eastern Cilicia and nearby drainages in south-east Anatolia (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Occurrence map for Theodoxus spp. in Asia. All points conform to specimens used in the phylogenetic analyses (Suppl. material 1: Table S 1), except for T. gloeri for which no molecular data are available and only the type and paratype localities are indicated. Species are partitioned across four identical maps (A - D) to limit overlap of points as far as possible. Barring T. gloeri, closer related species are grouped together (Fig. 2)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.48312.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376452" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">3A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>