420 lines
52 KiB
XML
420 lines
52 KiB
XML
|
<document ID-DOI="10.1371/journal.pone.0179555" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6ea2cc5c-857b-4b47-8135-8bff7efbd1fc" ID-PMC="PMC5526618" ID-PubMed="28742835" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4251352" approvedBy="poa" checkinTime="1604676189431" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson" docDate="2017" docId="03F3F77FFF98FF85FDB4D39FBB94FDC7" docLanguage="en" docName="PLoSOne.12.7.e0179555.pdf.imf" docOrigin="PLoS ONE 12 (7)" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Cynopterus brachyotis SUNDA." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFCA8F07FF9EFF82FF81D072BF4BFFA2" masterDocTitle="A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1668143238971" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
|
|||
|
|
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|||
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:title>A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library</mods:title>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|||
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:namePart>Voon-Ching Lim</mods:namePart>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</mods:affiliation>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">voonchinglim@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|||
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:namePart>Rosli Ramli</mods:namePart>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</mods:affiliation>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|||
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:namePart>Subha Bhassu</mods:namePart>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,</mods:affiliation>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|||
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:namePart>John-James Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:affiliation>International College Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China</mods:affiliation>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">wilso04@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
|||
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:title>PLoS ONE</mods:title>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:part>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
|||
|
|
<mods:number>2017-07-25</mods:number>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
|||
|
|
<mods:number>12</mods:number>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:detail type="issue">
|
|||
|
|
<mods:number>7</mods:number>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
|||
|
|
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:end>65</mods:end>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1371/journal.pone.0179555</mods:identifier>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">6ea2cc5c-857b-4b47-8135-8bff7efbd1fc</mods:identifier>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:identifier type="PMC">PMC5526618</mods:identifier>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:identifier type="PubMed">28742835</mods:identifier>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4251352</mods:identifier>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|||
|
|
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4343674" ID-GBIF-Taxon="168816095" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4343674" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F3F77FFF98FF85FDB4D39FBB94FDC7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F3F77FFF98FF85FDB4D39FBB94FDC7" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="6.[533,1535,1004,1896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|||
|
|
<heading box="[565,943,1004,1029]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="SUNDA." authorityName="SUNDA." box="[565,839,1004,1029]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Cynopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyotis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,839,1004,1029]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,689,1005,1029]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cynopterus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
cf.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[727,839,1004,1028]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">brachyotis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2960680450" box="[845,943,1005,1029]" collectionCode="SUNDA" country="Indonesia" location="Dewei River" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kalimantan Tengah">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[845,943,1005,1029]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode box="[845,938,1005,1029]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">SUNDA</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Muller, 1838: 146" authorityName="Muller" authorityPageNumber="146" authorityYear="1838" box="[964,1387,1005,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pachysoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyotis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[964,1192,1005,1029]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pachysomabrachyotis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Müller, 1838: 146
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F3F77FFF98FF85FDB4D39FBB94FDC7:8E8510B2FF98FF84FAF5D39FBAB2FBA7" box="[1396,1529,1005,1029]" country="Indonesia" name="Dewei River" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" stateProvince="Kalimantan Tengah">DeweiRiver</location>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[533,739,1040,1064]" country="Indonesia" name="Kalimantan Tengah" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">central Kalimantan</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry box="[750,893,1040,1064]" name="Indonesia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">INDONESIA</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
(Collector unknown;
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus box="[1127,1180,1040,1064]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
unknown) [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Muller S." box="[1313,1338,1040,1064]" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="134 - 150" part="5" refId="ref40620" refString="63. Muller S. Over eenige nieuwe zoogdieren van Borneo. Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie. 1838; 5: 134 - 150." title="Over eenige nieuwe zoogdieren van Borneo" type="journal article" year="1838">63</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
].
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="6.[533,1535,1004,1896]" box="[565,851,1074,1098]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[565,794,1074,1098]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Cynopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyotis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[565,794,1074,1098]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cynopterusbrachyotis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
[
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Medway L." box="[811,836,1074,1098]" journalOrPublisher="London: Oxford University Press" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref38724" refString="23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969." title="The wild mammals of Malaya" type="book" year="1969">23</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
].
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="6.[533,1535,1004,1896]" box="[565,972,1109,1133]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="SUNDA" authorityName="SUNDA" box="[565,825,1109,1133]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Cynopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyotis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[565,683,1109,1132]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cynopterus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
cf.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[720,825,1109,1133]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">brachyotis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
SUNDA [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Campbell P & Schneider CJ & Adnan AM & Zubaid A & Kunz TH" box="[937,962,1109,1133]" journalOrPublisher="Mol Phylogenet Evol." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="764 - 81" part="33" refId="ref40647" refString="64. Campbell P, Schneider CJ, Adnan AM, Zubaid A, Kunz TH. Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2004; 33 (3): 764 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2004.06.019 PMID: 15522802" title="Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex" type="journal article" year="2004">64</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
]
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection box="[565,1143,1144,1168]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="vernacular_names">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="6.[533,1535,1004,1896]" box="[565,1143,1144,1168]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,834,1144,1168]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Common English name:</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Sunda Short-nosed Fruit Bat
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="6.[533,1535,1004,1896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,832,1178,1202]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Barcode Index Number:</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode box="[838,908,1178,1202]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">BOLD</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode box="[910,966,1178,1202]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">AAA</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
9800 (20 DNA barcodes from Peninsular
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry box="[1408,1504,1178,1202]" name="Malaysia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation box="[533,586,1213,1237]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[533,565,1257,1276]" captionTargetBox="[533,1446,208,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-231@5.[533,1447,208,1235]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Neighbour-joining tree showing all available DNA barcodes for species in family Pteropodidae reported from Peninsular Malaysia. The percentage of pseudoreplicate trees (±70%) in which the DNA barcodes clustered together in the bootstrap test (500 pseudoreplicates) are shown above the branches. Abbreviation as follows: PM = Peninsular Malaysia, VN = Vietnam, JV = Java, Indonesia, BN = Borneo (including Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan), TH = Thailand, LA = Laos. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179555.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4251358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4251358/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig 2</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="6.[533,1535,1004,1896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,669,1248,1272]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Campbell et al. [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Campbell P & Schneider CJ & Adnan AM & Zubaid A & Kunz TH" box="[849,874,1248,1272]" journalOrPublisher="Mol Phylogenet Evol." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="764 - 81" part="33" refId="ref40647" refString="64. Campbell P, Schneider CJ, Adnan AM, Zubaid A, Kunz TH. Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2004; 33 (3): 764 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2004.06.019 PMID: 15522802" title="Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex" type="journal article" year="2004">64</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
] reported two distinct species under
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[1268,1401,1247,1272]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Cynopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyotis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[1268,1285,1248,1271]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[1296,1401,1247,1271]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">brachyotis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1409,1514,1248,1272]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
with a mean divergence of 8.3% in mtDNA (combined control region and cytochrome
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[1455,1468,1282,1306]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">b</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
) between them. The two species are commonly annotated as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="SUNDA" authorityName="SUNDA" box="[1168,1332,1317,1341]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Cynopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyotis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[1168,1185,1317,1340]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. cf.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[1227,1332,1317,1341]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">brachyotis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
SUNDA and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="FOREST" authorityName="FOREST" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Cynopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyotis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[1481,1498,1317,1340]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. cf.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[533,638,1351,1375]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">brachyotis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
FOREST (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation box="[755,808,1352,1376]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[533,565,1257,1276]" captionTargetBox="[533,1446,208,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-231@5.[533,1447,208,1235]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Neighbour-joining tree showing all available DNA barcodes for species in family Pteropodidae reported from Peninsular Malaysia. The percentage of pseudoreplicate trees (±70%) in which the DNA barcodes clustered together in the bootstrap test (500 pseudoreplicates) are shown above the branches. Abbreviation as follows: PM = Peninsular Malaysia, VN = Vietnam, JV = Java, Indonesia, BN = Borneo (including Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan), TH = Thailand, LA = Laos. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179555.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4251358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4251358/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig 2</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). The SUNDA species is larger than the FOREST species with a longer forearm (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[673,694,1386,1410]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">></emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<quantity box="[694,770,1386,1410]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="64.0">64 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
) and is abundant in highly disturbed habitat (e.g. agricultural and suburban areas) but is absent in mature forests [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kingston T & Lim BL & Akbar Z." box="[1005,1030,1421,1445]" journalOrPublisher="Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref38130" refString="11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006." title="Bats of Krau wildlife reserve" type="book" year="2006">11</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Francis CM" box="[1042,1067,1421,1445]" journalOrPublisher="New Holland Publishers" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref38235" refString="14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008." title="A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia" type="book" year="2008">14</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Campbell P & Schneider CJ & Adnan AM & Zubaid A & Kunz TH" box="[1079,1104,1421,1445]" journalOrPublisher="Mol Phylogenet Evol." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="764 - 81" part="33" refId="ref40647" refString="64. Campbell P, Schneider CJ, Adnan AM, Zubaid A, Kunz TH. Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2004; 33 (3): 764 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2004.06.019 PMID: 15522802" title="Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex" type="journal article" year="2004">64</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Campbell P & Schneider CJ & Zubaid A & Adnan AM & Kunz TH" box="[1117,1142,1421,1445]" journalOrPublisher="J Mamma." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="105 - 18" part="88" refId="ref40710" refString="65. Campbell P, Schneider CJ, Zubaid A, Adnan AM, Kunz TH. Morphological and ecological correlates of coexistence in Malaysian fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae). J Mamma. 2007 Feb 28; 88 (1): 105 - 18." title="Morphological and ecological correlates of coexistence in Malaysian fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)" type="journal article" year="2007">65</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
].
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="6.[533,1535,1004,1896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|||
|
|
It is unclear which species represents
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[962,1095,1455,1480]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Cynopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyotis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[962,979,1456,1479]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[990,1095,1455,1479]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">brachyotis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1103,1235,1456,1480]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
despite the cryptic taxa being widely acknowledged (N Simmons, personal communication). Medway [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Medway L." box="[1373,1398,1490,1514]" journalOrPublisher="London: Oxford University Press" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref38724" refString="23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969." title="The wild mammals of Malaya" type="book" year="1969">23</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
] recognised three subspecies of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="in Peninsular" authorityName="in Peninsular" box="[738,1020,1525,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Cynopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyotis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[738,755,1525,1548]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[766,871,1525,1549]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">brachyotis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
in Peninsular
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry box="[1027,1124,1525,1549]" name="Malaysia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
: (i)
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[1163,1180,1525,1548]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[1192,1205,1525,1549]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">b</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[1217,1322,1525,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Cynopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyotis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[1217,1322,1525,1549]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">brachyotis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
found in lowlands and islands in the northern part of Peninsular
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry box="[1023,1119,1560,1584]" name="Malaysia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, including
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[1237,1300,1560,1584]" country="Malaysia" name="Perak" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Perak</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
, and with a forearm length:
|
|||
|
|
<quantity box="[612,727,1594,1618]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="5.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="62.5" valueMax="68.0" valueMin="57.0">57–68 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
and an ear length: 14.5–18.5 mm; (ii)
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[1129,1146,1594,1617]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[1158,1171,1594,1618]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">b</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[1182,1283,1594,1618]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">angulatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
which intergrades with the nominal subspecies at the northern range and has a forearm length:
|
|||
|
|
<quantity box="[1293,1407,1629,1653]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="7.2" metricValueMin="6.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="70.0" valueMax="72.0" valueMin="68.0">68–72 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
and an ear length:
|
|||
|
|
<quantity box="[612,729,1664,1688]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="18.0">18–22 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
; and (iii)
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[830,847,1664,1687]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[858,871,1663,1687]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">b</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[883,995,1663,1687]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">altitudinus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
foundin the central highlands above
|
|||
|
|
<quantity box="[1390,1474,1664,1688]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="ft" value="3.0">3, 000 ft</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
from Gunung Brinchang,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[751,830,1698,1722]" country="Malaysia" name="Pahang" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pahang</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
to Gunung Bunga Buah,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[1099,1194,1698,1722]" country="Malaysia" name="Selangor" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Selangor</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
, and with a forearm length:
|
|||
|
|
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="64.0" valueMax="68.0" valueMin="60.0">60– 68 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
and an ear length:
|
|||
|
|
<quantity box="[810,926,1733,1757]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="19.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="18.0">18–21 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
. Athorough examination of all relevant
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus box="[1354,1409,1733,1757]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">types</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
in this genus is required in order to correctly attribute currently existing Linnaean names.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="6.[533,1535,1004,1896]" box="[565,1050,1802,1826]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,710,1802,1826]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IUCN status:</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
As
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authority=": Least Concern" box="[750,1050,1802,1826]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Cynopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyotis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[750,767,1802,1825]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[778,883,1802,1826]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">brachyotis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
: Least Concern
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="6.[533,1535,1004,1896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,705,1837,1861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Recorded at:</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
These records refer to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[948,1081,1837,1861]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Cynopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyotis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[948,965,1837,1860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[976,1081,1837,1861]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">brachyotis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1089,1196,1837,1861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
, so may represent “SUNDA” or “FOREST”.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[661,744,1872,1896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[661,744,1872,1896]" country="Malaysia" name="Pahang" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pahang</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
: Krau Wildlife Reserve [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kingston T & Lim BL & Akbar Z." box="[1005,1030,1872,1896]" journalOrPublisher="Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref38130" refString="11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006." title="Bats of Krau wildlife reserve" type="book" year="2006">11</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Zubaid A." box="[1042,1067,1872,1896]" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="201 - 206" part="57" refId="ref39530" refString="41. Zubaid A. A comparison of the bat fauna between a primary and fragmented secondary forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Mammalia. 1993; 57 (2): 201 - 206." title="A comparison of the bat fauna between a primary and fragmented secondary forest in Peninsular Malaysia" type="journal article" year="1993">41</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Anan S & Rashdi AM & Abdul J & Lim BL" box="[1079,1104,1872,1896]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Wildlife and Parks." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="104 - 109" part="16" refId="ref39565" refString="42. Anan S, Rashdi AM, Abdul J, Lim BL. A survey of small mammals at Sungai Chenderoh, Perlok, Krau Wildlife Reserve, Pahang. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1998; 16: 104 - 109." title="A survey of small mammals at Sungai Chenderoh, Perlok, Krau Wildlife Reserve, Pahang" type="journal article" year="1998">42</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
], Pulau Tioman [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Medway L." box="[1292,1317,1872,1896]" journalOrPublisher="London: Oxford University Press" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref38724" refString="23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969." title="The wild mammals of Malaya" type="book" year="1969">23</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Campbell P & Schneider CJ & Adnan AM & Zubaid A & Kunz TH" box="[1329,1354,1872,1896]" journalOrPublisher="Mol Phylogenet Evol." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="764 - 81" part="33" refId="ref40647" refString="64. Campbell P, Schneider CJ, Adnan AM, Zubaid A, Kunz TH. Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2004; 33 (3): 764 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2004.06.019 PMID: 15522802" title="Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex" type="journal article" year="2004">64</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
], Merapoh [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Ratnam L & Anan S & Muda H." box="[1489,1514,1872,1896]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Wildlife and Parks" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="9 - 16" part="8" refId="ref39498" refString="40. Ratnam L, Anan S, Muda H. Studies on a Collection of Bats. Journal of Wildlife and Parks, 1989; 8: 9 - 16." title="Studies on a Collection of Bats" type="journal article" year="1989">40</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
],
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="7.[533,1524,208,613]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
|||
|
|
Tasik Chini [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Lim BL & Hussein NA & Ratnam L." box="[673,698,208,232]" journalOrPublisher="Mal Nat J." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="217 - 238" part="53" refId="ref39610" refString="43. Lim BL, Hussein NA, Ratnam L. A study of the vertebrate fauna in the Tasek Chini Nature Reserve, Pahang in relation to land use. Mal Nat J. 1999; 53 (3): 217 - 238." title="A study of the vertebrate fauna in the Tasek Chini Nature Reserve, Pahang in relation to land use" type="journal article" year="1999">43</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
], Kuala Atok National Park [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Tingga RCT & Khan FA & Ridwan AM & Senawi J & Abdullah MT" box="[1008,1033,208,232]" journalOrPublisher="Sains Malays." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="659 - 669" part="41" refId="ref39656" refString="44. Tingga RCT, Khan FA, Ridwan AM, Senawi J, Abdullah MT. Small Mammals from Kuala Atok, Taman Negara Pahang, Malaysia. Sains Malays. 2012; 41 (6): 659 - 669." title="Small Mammals from Kuala Atok, Taman Negara Pahang, Malaysia" type="journal article" year="2012">44</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
], Gunung Brinchang [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Medway L. The" box="[1275,1300,208,232]" journalOrPublisher="Malayan Scientist." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 6" part="2" refId="ref40073" refString="52. Medway L. The Ulu Gombak Field Studies Centre. Malayan Scientist. 1966; 2: 1 - 6." title="Ulu Gombak Field Studies Centre" type="journal article" year="1966">52</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
], Lata Bujang Forest Reserve and Fraser Hill Forest Reserve [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Mohd-Hanif RM & Nur-Aida MT & Zahirunisa AR & Mohd-Ridwan AR & Abdullah MT" box="[956,981,242,266]" journalOrPublisher="J Trop For Sci." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="506 - 16" part="27" refId="ref40227" refString="56. Mohd-Hanif RM, Nur-Aida MT, Zahirunisa AR, Mohd-Ridwan AR, Abdullah MT. Contribution of regenerated forest in conservation of bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2015; 27 (4): 506 - 16." title="Contribution of regenerated forest in conservation of bats in Peninsular Malaysia" type="journal article" year="2015">56</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
], Cameron
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[1108,1209,242,266]" country="United Kingdom" name="Highland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Highland</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
[
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Shahfiz MA & Sahrul-Anuar MS & Shukor MN & Zalipah MN & Pan KA & Muin MA" box="[1224,1249,242,266]" editor="Rahman A & Koh HL & Mohd-Paiz K & Muhamad A & Latiff A" journalOrPublisher="Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="293 - 298" refId="ref40430" refString="60. Shahfiz MA, Sahrul-Anuar MS, Shukor MN, Zalipah MN, Pan KA, Muin MA, et al. Survey of small mammals at two forest reserves in Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. In: Rahman A, Koh HL, Mohd-Paiz K, Muhamad A, Latiff A, editors. Proceedings for Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia, 3 - 5 August 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2008. pp. 293 - 298." title="Survey of small mammals at two forest reserves in Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Proceedings for Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia" year="2008">60</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
], Kuala Lipis and Cherating [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Campbell P & Schneider CJ & Adnan AM & Zubaid A & Kunz TH" box="[582,607,277,301]" journalOrPublisher="Mol Phylogenet Evol." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="764 - 81" part="33" refId="ref40647" refString="64. Campbell P, Schneider CJ, Adnan AM, Zubaid A, Kunz TH. Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2004; 33 (3): 764 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2004.06.019 PMID: 15522802" title="Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex" type="journal article" year="2004">64</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[629,701,277,301]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[629,701,277,301]" country="Malaysia" name="Kedah" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Kedah</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
: Pulau Langkawi [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Medway L." box="[898,923,277,301]" journalOrPublisher="London: Oxford University Press" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref38724" refString="23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969." title="The wild mammals of Malaya" type="book" year="1969">23</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
], Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Norsham Y & Shariff F & Norhayati A & Nordin M & Lim BL" box="[1229,1254,277,301]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Wildlife and Parks." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="28 - 43" part="17" refId="ref40272" refString="57. Norsham Y, Shariff F, Norhayati A, Nordin M, Lim BL. Pre-logging survey of mammal fauna at Sungai Weng sub-catchment, Ulu Muda Forest Reserve Forest Reserve, Kedah. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 28 - 43." title="Pre-logging survey of mammal fauna at Sungai Weng sub-catchment, Ulu Muda Forest Reserve Forest Reserve, Kedah" type="journal article" year="1999">57</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1275,1425,277,301]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[1275,1425,277,301]" country="Malaysia" name="Pulau Pinang" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pulau Pinang</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion country="Malaysia" name="Pulau Pinang" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pulau Pinang</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
[
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Medway L." box="[623,648,312,336]" journalOrPublisher="London: Oxford University Press" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref38724" refString="23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969." title="The wild mammals of Malaya" type="book" year="1969">23</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[670,734,312,336]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[670,734,312,336]" country="Malaysia" name="Perak" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Perak</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
: Pulau Pangkor [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Medway L." box="[918,943,312,336]" journalOrPublisher="London: Oxford University Press" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref38724" refString="23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969." title="The wild mammals of Malaya" type="book" year="1969">23</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Campbell P & Schneider CJ & Adnan AM & Zubaid A & Kunz TH" box="[955,980,312,336]" journalOrPublisher="Mol Phylogenet Evol." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="764 - 81" part="33" refId="ref40647" refString="64. Campbell P, Schneider CJ, Adnan AM, Zubaid A, Kunz TH. Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2004; 33 (3): 764 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2004.06.019 PMID: 15522802" title="Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex" type="journal article" year="2004">64</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
], Temengor Forest Reserve [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Francis CM" box="[1288,1313,312,336]" journalOrPublisher="Mal Nat J." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="403 - 408" part="48" refId="ref39732" refString="46. Francis CM. The diversity of bats in Temengor Forest Reserve, Hulu Perak, Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 1995; 48: 403 - 408." title="The diversity of bats in Temengor Forest Reserve, Hulu Perak, Malaysia" type="journal article" year="1995">46</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Shahfiz MA & Shahrul-Anuar MA & Kaviarasu M & Fauzi MZ & Rizal MR" box="[1325,1350,312,336]" editor="Mohamed AL & Krishnapillay DB & Kasim Z & Khushairi ZA & Ismail NI & Rezan EFN & Sadali A & Mohammad MS & Hassan MN & Aznan ARY" journalOrPublisher="Pulau Banding Foundation, Malaysia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="22 - 25" part="2012" refId="ref39763" refString="47. Shahfiz MA, Shahrul-Anuar MA, Kaviarasu M, Fauzi MZ, Rizal MR. Preliminary checklist of mammals at Sungai Enam in Temengor Forest Reserve, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia In: Mohamed AL, Krishnapillay DB, Kasim Z, Khushairi ZA, Ismail NI, Rezan EFN, Sadali A, Mohammad MS, Hassan MN, Aznan ARY, editors. Proceedings of the 2 nd Temengor Scientific Expedition 2012, 22 - 25 August 2013. Pulau Banding Foundation, Malaysia; 2013." title="Preliminary checklist of mammals at Sungai Enam in Temengor Forest Reserve, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Proceedings of the 2 nd Temengor Scientific Expedition" year="2013">47</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
],
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Royal Belum State</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
Park [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Tamrin NAM & Rahman MRA & Daud MHRM & Hassan N & Abdullah MT" box="[655,680,346,370]" editor="Yasak MN & Nor SM & Illias R & Kamil SKSM & Mohamad MRB & Sitam FAT" journalOrPublisher="Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="7 - 14" part="2008" refId="ref39854" refString="48. Tamrin NAM, Rahman MRA, Daud MHRM, Hassan N, Abdullah MT. A survey on small mammals in the Royal Belum Park, Perak, Malaysia. In: Yasak MN, Nor SM, Illias R, Kamil SKSM, Mohamad MRB, Sitam FAT, editors. Proceeding of National Biodiversity Seminar 2008, 7 - 14 December 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2010. pp. 27 - 35." title="A survey on small mammals in the Royal Belum Park, Perak, Malaysia" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Proceeding of National Biodiversity Seminar" year="2010">48</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Shahfiz MA & Sahrul-Anuar MS & Zalipah MN & Nurul-Ain E & Pan KA & Muin MA" box="[692,717,346,370]" editor="Rahman A & Koh HL & Mohd-Paiz K & Muhamad A & Latiff A" journalOrPublisher="Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="299 - 308" refId="ref40759" refString="66. Shahfiz MA, Sahrul-Anuar MS, Zalipah MN, Nurul-Ain E, Pan KA, Muin MA, et al. Surveys of small mammals at selected sites in Royal Belum State Park. In: Rahman A, Koh HL, Mohd-Paiz K, Muhamad A, Latiff A, editors). Proceedings for Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia, 3 - 5 August 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2008. pp. 299 - 308." title="Surveys of small mammals at selected sites in Royal Belum State Park" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Proceedings for Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia" year="2008">66</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
], Bayor River-Rantau Panjang and Selama [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Shafie NJ & Sah SA & Latip NA & Azman NM & Khairuddin NL" box="[1185,1210,346,370]" journalOrPublisher="Trop Life Sci Res" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="13 - 22" part="22" refId="ref39938" refString="49. Shafie NJ, Sah SA, Latip NA, Azman NM, Khairuddin NL. Diversity pattern of bats at two contrasting habitat types along Kerian River, Perak, Malaysia. Trop Life Sci Res 2011; 22: 13 - 22." title="Diversity pattern of bats at two contrasting habitat types along Kerian River, Perak, Malaysia" type="journal article" year="2011">49</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
], Taping [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Campbell P & Schneider CJ & Adnan AM & Zubaid A & Kunz TH" box="[1322,1347,346,370]" journalOrPublisher="Mol Phylogenet Evol." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="764 - 81" part="33" refId="ref40647" refString="64. Campbell P, Schneider CJ, Adnan AM, Zubaid A, Kunz TH. Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2004; 33 (3): 764 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2004.06.019 PMID: 15522802" title="Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex" type="journal article" year="2004">64</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1368,1502,346,370]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[1368,1502,346,370]" country="Malaysia" name="Terengganu" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Terengganu</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
: Pulau Redang [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Medway L." box="[696,721,381,405]" journalOrPublisher="London: Oxford University Press" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref38724" refString="23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969." title="The wild mammals of Malaya" type="book" year="1969">23</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
], Pulau Perhentian [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Campbell P & Schneider CJ & Adnan AM & Zubaid A & Kunz TH" box="[942,967,381,405]" journalOrPublisher="Mol Phylogenet Evol." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="764 - 81" part="33" refId="ref40647" refString="64. Campbell P, Schneider CJ, Adnan AM, Zubaid A, Kunz TH. Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2004; 33 (3): 764 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2004.06.019 PMID: 15522802" title="Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex" type="journal article" year="2004">64</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[988,1171,381,405]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[988,1171,381,405]" country="Malaysia" name="Negeri Sembilan" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Negeri Sembilan</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
: Pasoh Forest Reserve [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Francis CM" box="[1422,1447,381,405]" journalOrPublisher="J Trop Ecol." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="421 - 431" part="6" refId="ref39699" refString="45. Francis CM. Trophic structure of bat communities in the understorey of lowland dipterocarp rain forest in Malaysia. J Trop Ecol. 1990; 6: 421 - 431." title="Trophic structure of bat communities in the understorey of lowland dipterocarp rain forest in Malaysia" type="journal article" year="1990">45</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[533,641,416,440]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[533,636,416,440]" country="Malaysia" name="Kelantan" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Kelantan</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Air Panas-Gua Musang [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Hasan NH & Khan K & Senawi J & Ketol B & Sait I & Abdullah MT" box="[911,936,416,440]" journalOrPublisher="J Trop Biol Conserv." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="156 - 162" part="9" refId="ref40520" refString="61. Hasan NH, Khan K, Senawi J, Ketol B, Sait I, Abdullah MT. A report on bats survey at Air Panas-Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaysia. J Trop Biol Conserv. 2012; 9 (2): 156 - 162." title="A report on bats survey at Air Panas-Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaysia" type="journal article" year="2012">61</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
], Gunung Reng,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[1119,1164,416,440]" country="India" name="Goa" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Gua</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
Musang, and Lojing
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[1389,1499,416,440]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Western Highlands" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Highlands</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
[
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Jayaraj VK & Khan FA & Azhar I & WeeChen E & Ali MR & Ahmad A" box="[542,567,450,474]" journalOrPublisher="Warasan Songkhla Nakharin." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="213 - 20" part="38" refId="ref40570" refString="62. Jayaraj VK, Khan FA, Azhar I, WeeChen E, Ali MR, Ahmad A, et al. Diversity and conservation status of small mammals in Kelantan, Malaysia. Warasan Songkhla Nakharin. 2016; 38 (2): 213 - 20." title="Diversity and conservation status of small mammals in Kelantan, Malaysia" type="journal article" year="2016">62</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
],
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[589,801,450,474]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Gunung Stong State</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
Park [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Jayaraj VK & Tahir NF & Udin NA & Baharin NF & Ismail SK & Zakaria SN" box="[872,897,450,474]" journalOrPublisher="J Threat Taxa." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="2617 - 2628" part="4" refId="ref40846" refString="67. Jayaraj VK, Tahir NF, Udin NA, Baharin NF, Ismail SK, Zakaria SN. Species diversity of small mammals at Gunung Stong State Park, Kelantan, Malaysia. J Threat Taxa. 2012; 4 (6): 2617 - 2628." title="Species diversity of small mammals at Gunung Stong State Park, Kelantan, Malaysia" type="journal article" year="2012">67</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[919,1016,450,474]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[919,1016,450,474]" country="Malaysia" name="Selangor" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Selangor</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
: Ulu Gombak [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Sing KW & Syaripuddin K & Wilson JJ" box="[1181,1194,450,474]" journalOrPublisher="Raffles Bull Zool S." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="211 - 217" part="29" refId="ref37941" refString="5. Sing KW, Syaripuddin K, Wilson JJ. Changing perspectives on the diversity of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) at Ulu Gombak since the establishment of the Field Study Centre in 1965. Raffles Bull Zool S. 2013; 29: 211 - 217." title="Changing perspectives on the diversity of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) at Ulu Gombak since the establishment of the Field Study Centre in 1965" type="journal article" year="2013">5</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Ratnam L & Anan S & Muda H." box="[1206,1231,450,474]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Wildlife and Parks" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="9 - 16" part="8" refId="ref39498" refString="40. Ratnam L, Anan S, Muda H. Studies on a Collection of Bats. Journal of Wildlife and Parks, 1989; 8: 9 - 16." title="Studies on a Collection of Bats" type="journal article" year="1989">40</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Medway L. The" box="[1243,1268,450,474]" journalOrPublisher="Malayan Scientist." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 6" part="2" refId="ref40073" refString="52. Medway L. The Ulu Gombak Field Studies Centre. Malayan Scientist. 1966; 2: 1 - 6." title="Ulu Gombak Field Studies Centre" type="journal article" year="1966">52</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
–
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Heller KG & Volleth MA" box="[1282,1307,450,474]" journalOrPublisher="Beobachtungen zur Biologie, Morphologie und Taxonomie. Senckenb Biol." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="243 - 76" part="69" refId="ref40145" refString="54. Heller KG, Volleth MA. Fledermause aus Malaysia. 1. Beobachtungen zur Biologie, Morphologie und Taxonomie. Senckenb Biol. 1989; 69 (4 - 6): 243 - 76." title="Fledermause aus Malaysia" type="journal article" year="1989">54</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
], Bukit Kemandul and Bukit Lanjan [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Ratnam L & Anan S & Muda H." box="[732,757,485,509]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Wildlife and Parks" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="9 - 16" part="8" refId="ref39498" refString="40. Ratnam L, Anan S, Muda H. Studies on a Collection of Bats. Journal of Wildlife and Parks, 1989; 8: 9 - 16." title="Studies on a Collection of Bats" type="journal article" year="1989">40</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
], Bangi Forest Reserve [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Zubaid A." box="[1014,1039,485,509]" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="201 - 206" part="57" refId="ref39530" refString="41. Zubaid A. A comparison of the bat fauna between a primary and fragmented secondary forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Mammalia. 1993; 57 (2): 201 - 206." title="A comparison of the bat fauna between a primary and fragmented secondary forest in Peninsular Malaysia" type="journal article" year="1993">41</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
], Bukit Kutu Wildlife Reserve [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Lim BL & Majid RA & Norsham Y." box="[1373,1398,485,509]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Wildlife and Parks." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 6" part="17" refId="ref40034" refString="51. Lim BL, Majid RA, Norsham Y. Studies on the mammal fauna of Bukit Kutu Wildlife reserve, Hulu Selangor. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 1 - 6." title="Studies on the mammal fauna of Bukit Kutu Wildlife reserve, Hulu Selangor" type="journal article" year="1999">51</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
], Gunung Bunga Buah [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Medway L. The" box="[677,702,520,544]" journalOrPublisher="Malayan Scientist." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 6" part="2" refId="ref40073" refString="52. Medway L. The Ulu Gombak Field Studies Centre. Malayan Scientist. 1966; 2: 1 - 6." title="Ulu Gombak Field Studies Centre" type="journal article" year="1966">52</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
], Air Hitam Forest Reserve [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Azlan JM & Sharma RS & Zakaria M." box="[1009,1034,520,544]" journalOrPublisher="Mal Nat J." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="69 - 75" part="54" refId="ref40183" refString="55. Azlan JM, Sharma RS, Zakaria M. Species diversity and relative abundance of understorey bats at Air Hitam forest reserve, Selangor, Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 2000; 54 (1): 69 - 75." title="Species diversity and relative abundance of understorey bats at Air Hitam forest reserve, Selangor, Malaysia" type="journal article" year="2000">55</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
], Sungai Dusun [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Campbell P & Schneider CJ & Adnan AM & Zubaid A & Kunz TH" box="[1221,1246,520,544]" journalOrPublisher="Mol Phylogenet Evol." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="764 - 81" part="33" refId="ref40647" refString="64. Campbell P, Schneider CJ, Adnan AM, Zubaid A, Kunz TH. Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2004; 33 (3): 764 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2004.06.019 PMID: 15522802" title="Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex" type="journal article" year="2004">64</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1267,1330,520,544]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[1267,1330,520,544]" country="Malaysia" name="Perlis" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Perlis</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Wang Kelian State</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
Park [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Jayaraj VK & Daud SH & Azhar MI & Sah SA & Mokhtar SI & Abdullah MT" box="[655,680,554,578]" journalOrPublisher="Check List." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1439 - 48" part="9" refId="ref39984" refString="50. Jayaraj VK, Daud SH, Azhar MI, Sah SA, Mokhtar SI, Abdullah MT. Diversity and conservation status of mammals in Wang Kelian State Park, Perlis, Malaysia. Check List. 2013; 9 (6): 1439 - 48." title="Diversity and conservation status of mammals in Wang Kelian State Park, Perlis, Malaysia" type="journal article" year="2013">50</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
],
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[701,818,554,578]" country="Malaysia" name="Perlis" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Perlis State</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
Park and Kangar [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Campbell P & Schneider CJ & Adnan AM & Zubaid A & Kunz TH" box="[1019,1044,554,578]" journalOrPublisher="Mol Phylogenet Evol." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="764 - 81" part="33" refId="ref40647" refString="64. Campbell P, Schneider CJ, Adnan AM, Zubaid A, Kunz TH. Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2004; 33 (3): 764 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2004.06.019 PMID: 15522802" title="Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex" type="journal article" year="2004">64</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1065,1134,554,578]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[1065,1130,554,578]" country="Malaysia" name="Johor" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Johor</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Endau-Kluang Forest Reserve and Endau-Kota Tinggi Forest Reserve [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Mohd-Hanif RM & Nur-Aida MT & Zahirunisa AR & Mohd-Ridwan AR & Abdullah MT" box="[914,939,589,613]" journalOrPublisher="J Trop For Sci." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="506 - 16" part="27" refId="ref40227" refString="56. Mohd-Hanif RM, Nur-Aida MT, Zahirunisa AR, Mohd-Ridwan AR, Abdullah MT. Contribution of regenerated forest in conservation of bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2015; 27 (4): 506 - 16." title="Contribution of regenerated forest in conservation of bats in Peninsular Malaysia" type="journal article" year="2015">56</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[961,1047,589,613]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[961,1044,589,613]" country="Malaysia" name="Melaka" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Melaka</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[1054,1132,589,613]" country="Malaysia" name="Melaka" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Melaka</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
town [
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Campbell P & Schneider CJ & Adnan AM & Zubaid A & Kunz TH" box="[1207,1232,589,613]" journalOrPublisher="Mol Phylogenet Evol." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="764 - 81" part="33" refId="ref40647" refString="64. Campbell P, Schneider CJ, Adnan AM, Zubaid A, Kunz TH. Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2004; 33 (3): 764 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2004.06.019 PMID: 15522802" title="Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex" type="journal article" year="2004">64</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
].
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|