treatments-xml/data/03/9A/87/039A87CBFFBB4942FEFBFBE7FCB5EF00.xml

<document id="1C4FD8AA7BAC1443104D9D796303E968" ID-CLB-Dataset="9575" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4272324" ID-GBIF-Dataset="28715dfb-d0e9-4da8-a9a7-6ee9d6ecd150" ID-ISSN="0374-1036" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4272324" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1605298369637" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Minoshima, Yûsuke &amp; Hayashi, Masakazu" docDate="2011" docId="039A87CBFFBB4942FEFBFBE7FCB5EF00" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaEntMusNatPra.51.suppl.1-118.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (suppl.) 51" docStyle="DocumentStyle:CE2601992B79F4B08764287CD82450D1.3:ActaEntMusNatPra.2010-2016.monograph" docStyleId="CE2601992B79F4B08764287CD82450D1" docStyleName="ActaEntMusNatPra.2010-2016.monograph" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Helochares (Helochares) pallens" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FFA3FFB3FF83497DFF93FFADFFB2E938" masterDocTitle="Larval morphology of the Japanese species of the tribes Acidocerini, Hydrobiusini and Hydrophilini (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="118" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1698847171808" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="51E8998135BA63793BF126DABA571BF7">Larval morphology of the Japanese species of the tribes Acidocerini, Hydrobiusini and Hydrophilini (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CAA97704B16F307CC78EADFD009C503F">Minoshima, Yûsuke</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1820137F1E0B29C5E8D5BDD6ADBBE4FE">Hayashi, Masakazu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="3D52DF88A1238B59B594EB0C9C8CF383">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="AEAF49874353779F887F2FD767BC9872">suppl.</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFBB4945FEFBFBE7FC27ED5A" blockId="56.[360,917,1098,1148]" box="[360,917,1098,1123]" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">
<heading id="D0C481B1FFBB4945FEFBFBE7FC27ED5A" bold="true" box="[360,917,1098,1123]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="56" pageNumber="53" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5EFFBB4945FEFBFBE7FC27ED5A" ID-CoL="8XQKH" authority="(MacLeay, 1825)" baseAuthorityName="MacLeay" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[360,917,1098,1123]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens" subGenus="Helochares">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBB4945FEFBFBE7FC27ED5A" bold="true" box="[360,917,1098,1123]" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBB4945FEFBFBE7FE54ED5B" bold="true" box="[360,486,1098,1123]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">Helochares</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBB4945FE66FBE7FDC1ED5B" bold="true" box="[501,627,1098,1123]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">Helochares</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBB4945FD10FBE7FD60ED5B" bold="true" box="[643,722,1098,1123]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">pallens</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2CFFBB4945FD4CFBE7FC3CED5A" author="MACLEAY W. S." box="[735,910,1098,1122]" pageId="56" pageNumber="53" refId="ref49030" refString="MACLEAY W. S. 1825: Annulosa Javanica or an attempt to illustrate the natural affinities and analogies of the Insects collected in Java by Thomas Horsfield, M. D. F. L. &amp; G. S. and deposited by him in the Museum of the Honourable East-India Company. Kingsbury, Parbury, and Allen, London, 50 pp. + 1 pl." type="book" year="1825">MacLeay, 1825</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3296556FFBB4945FDA7FBC4FD78ED44" box="[564,714,1129,1148]" pageId="56" pageNumber="53" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFBB4945FDA7FBC4FD78ED44" blockId="56.[360,917,1098,1148]" box="[564,714,1129,1148]" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFBB4945FDA9FBC4FD36ED44" box="[570,644,1129,1148]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[113,144,1520,1539]" captionTargetBox="[179,1045,245,1474]" captionTargetId="figure-11@13.[113,1085,219,1493]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 1. Habitus of the third instar larvae of Acidocerini and Hydrobiusini. A – Agraphydrus narusei (Satô, 1960), dorsal and lateral view; B – Enochrus (Holcophilydrus) simulans (Sharp, 1873), dorsal view; C – E. (H.) umbratus Sharp, 1884, dorsal view; D – E. (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), dorsal view; E – Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), dorsal view; F – H.(Hydrobaticus) nipponicus Hebauer, 1995, dorsal view; G – Hydrobius pauper Sharp, 1884, dorsal and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272326/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">Figs. 1E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFBB4945FD1EFBC4FD71ED44" box="[653,707,1129,1148]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStart-5="Fig" captionStartId-0="57.[113,144,1308,1327]" captionStartId-1="58.[152,183,1518,1537]" captionStartId-2="60.[151,182,1496,1515]" captionStartId-3="61.[113,144,784,803]" captionStartId-4="62.[151,182,1520,1539]" captionStartId-5="63.[113,144,883,902]" captionTargetBox-0="[119,1077,227,1278]" captionTargetBox-1="[178,1117,235,1411]" captionTargetBox-2="[166,1108,233,1398]" captionTargetBox-3="[130,1061,230,748]" captionTargetBox-4="[206,1073,232,1476]" captionTargetBox-5="[133,1064,222,859]" captionTargetId-0="figure-87@57.[113,1084,217,1296]" captionTargetId-1="figure-10@58.[151,1122,219,1431]" captionTargetId-2="figure-10@60.[151,1122,219,1431]" captionTargetId-3="figure-283@61.[113,1084,216,762]" captionTargetId-4="figure-10@62.[151,1122,219,1495]" captionTargetId-5="figure-242@63.[113,1084,200,875]" captionTargetPageId-0="57" captionTargetPageId-1="58" captionTargetPageId-2="60" captionTargetPageId-3="61" captionTargetPageId-4="62" captionTargetPageId-5="63" captionText-0="Fig. 29. Head capsule of Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), first instar.A – dorsal view; B – ventral view; C – detail of anterior margin of head capsule, dorsal view." captionText-1="Fig. 30. Head appendages of Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), first instar. A – antenna, dorsal view; B–C – mandibles, dorsal view; D – maxilla, dorsal view; E – maxilla, ventral view; F – labium, dorsal view; G – labium, ventral view." captionText-2="Fig.31. Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), second instar.A – clypeolabrum, dorsal view; B – antenna, dorsal view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E – maxilla, dorsal view; F – maxilla, ventral view, G – labium, dorsal view; H – labium, ventral view." captionText-3="Fig. 32. Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), third instar. A – head, dorsal view; B – spiracular atrium, dorsal view." captionText-4="Fig. 33. Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), third instar.A – clypeolabrum, dorsal view; B – antenna, dorsal view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E – maxilla, dorsal view; F – maxilla, ventral view; G – labium, dorsal view; H – labium, ventral view." captionText-5="Fig. 34. Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), chaetotaxy of head capsule, dorsal view. A – median part of head capsule, second instar. B–D – third instar larva: B – median part of head capsule; C – intraspecific variation of secondary sensilla between PA6 and PA7; D – intraspecific variation of secondary sensilla on outer part of antennal socket. Secondary sensilla are marked by a black rhombus." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272385" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272387" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272389" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272391" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272393" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272395" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4272385/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4272387/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4272389/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4272391/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/4272393/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/4272395/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">29–34</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFBB4945FF04FB3FFDBCEDE3" blockId="56.[151,1127,1170,1243]" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBB4945FF04FB3FFEF5ED9E" bold="true" box="[151,327,1170,1190]" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B5B3C80FFBB4945FED8FB3FFDE2EDF9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2981890332" collectingDate="2007-08-25" country="Japan" county="Izumo-shi" location="Shimane-ken" municipality="Sono-cho" pageId="56" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBB4945FED8FB3FFE55ED9E" bold="true" box="[331,487,1170,1190]" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">
<collectingCountry id="F324764DFFBB4945FED8FB3FFE21ED9E" box="[331,403,1170,1190]" name="Japan" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
: HONSHÛ:
</emphasis>
<location id="8EEC6006FFBB4945FE78FB3EFDEDED9E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039A87CBFFBB4942FEFBFBE7FCB5EF00:8EEC6006FFBB4945FE78FB3EFDEDED9E" box="[491,607,1171,1190]" country="Japan" county="Izumo-shi" municipality="Sono-cho" name="Shimane-ken" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">Shimane-ken</location>
: 1 L2, 4 L3, 
<location id="8EEC6006FFBB4945FD57FB3EFC9CED9E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039A87CBFFBB4942FEFBFBE7FCB5EF00:8EEC6006FFBB4945FD57FB3EFC9CED9E" box="[708,814,1171,1190]" country="Japan" county="Izumo-shi" municipality="Sono-cho" name="Okinoshima" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">Okinoshima</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE8ACA7FFBB4945FCA6FB3EFC3BED9E" box="[821,905,1171,1190]" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">Sono-chô</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62ED4E51FFBB4945FC03FB3EFC54ED9E" box="[912,998,1171,1190]" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">Izumo-shi</collectingCounty>
(artificial pond made for conservation purpose), 
<date id="FF8D101DFFBB4945FE2BFB00FD93EDF8" box="[440,545,1197,1216]" pageId="56" pageNumber="53" value="2007-08-25">
<collectingDate id="EFC9E9F5FFBB4945FE2BFB00FD93EDF8" box="[440,545,1197,1216]" pageId="56" pageNumber="53" value="2007-08-25">25.viii.2007</collectingDate>
</date>
, MH
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5B3C80FFBB4945FDC9FB03FDB8EDE3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2981890309" collectingDate="2008-05-13" collectingDateMax="2008-05-15" collectingDateMin="2008-05-13" country="Japan" county="Izumo-shi" location="Shimane-ken" municipality="Sono-cho" pageId="56" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1">
38 L1, same locality, 
<date id="FF8D101DFFBB4945FC8AFB03FCDFEDF9" box="[793,877,1198,1217]" pageId="56" pageNumber="53" value="2008-05-13">
<collectingDate id="EFC9E9F5FFBB4945FC8AFB03FCDFEDF9" box="[793,877,1198,1217]" pageId="56" pageNumber="53" value="2008-05-13">13.v.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
(egg cases carried by adults collected in the field, 
<date id="FF8D101DFFBB4945FEDCFB65FE11EDE3" box="[335,419,1224,1243]" pageId="56" pageNumber="53" value="2008-05-15">
<collectingDate id="EFC9E9F5FFBB4945FEDCFB65FE11EDE3" box="[335,419,1224,1243]" pageId="56" pageNumber="53" value="2008-05-15">15.v.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
fixed), MH
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFBB4945FF04FB5EFDE2EC14" blockId="56.[151,1127,1266,1483]" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBB4945FF04FB5EFDA2EC34" bold="true" box="[151,528,1266,1292]" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">
General morphology. 
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBB4945FE1AFB5FFDBBEC33" bold="true" box="[393,521,1266,1291]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">Third instar</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBB4945FD86FB58FDEDEC34" box="[533,607,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">Colour</emphasis>
. Head and sclerotised parts light yellowish brown; membranous parts milky white (
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFBB4945FE62FABEFDF0EC14" box="[497,578,1299,1324]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[113,144,1520,1539]" captionTargetBox="[179,1045,245,1474]" captionTargetId="figure-11@13.[113,1085,219,1493]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 1. Habitus of the third instar larvae of Acidocerini and Hydrobiusini. A – Agraphydrus narusei (Satô, 1960), dorsal and lateral view; B – Enochrus (Holcophilydrus) simulans (Sharp, 1873), dorsal view; C – E. (H.) umbratus Sharp, 1884, dorsal view; D – E. (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), dorsal view; E – Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), dorsal view; F – H.(Hydrobaticus) nipponicus Hebauer, 1995, dorsal view; G – Hydrobius pauper Sharp, 1884, dorsal and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272326/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFBB4945FF26FA98FCDEEC53" blockId="56.[151,1127,1266,1483]" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBB4945FF26FA98FF5DEC74" box="[181,239,1333,1356]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">Head</emphasis>
. Nasale projecting further than epistomal lobes (
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFBB4945FD7AFA9EFCF9EC74" box="[745,843,1331,1356]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[151,182,1520,1539]" captionTargetBox="[206,1073,232,1476]" captionTargetId="figure-10@62.[151,1122,219,1495]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 33. Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), third instar.A – clypeolabrum, dorsal view; B – antenna, dorsal view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E – maxilla, dorsal view; F – maxilla, ventral view; G – labium, dorsal view; H – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272393/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">Fig. 33A</figureCitation>
). Epistomal lobes rounded, somewhat asymmetrical; right lobe projecting further than left lobe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFBB4945FF26FAD8FBA2ECB3" blockId="56.[151,1127,1266,1483]" box="[181,1040,1395,1420]" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBB4945FF26FAD8FEBCECB4" box="[181,270,1397,1420]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">Antenna</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFBB4945FE8EFADEFECEECB4" box="[285,380,1395,1420]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[151,182,1520,1539]" captionTargetBox="[206,1073,232,1476]" captionTargetId="figure-10@62.[151,1122,219,1495]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 33. Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), third instar.A – clypeolabrum, dorsal view; B – antenna, dorsal view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E – maxilla, dorsal view; F – maxilla, ventral view; G – labium, dorsal view; H – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272393/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">Fig. 33B</figureCitation>
) short, somewhat slender. Scape slightly shorter than pedicel.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFBB4945FF26FA38FE42ECF3" blockId="56.[151,1127,1266,1483]" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBB4945FF26FA38FE94EC94" box="[181,294,1429,1452]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">Mandibles</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFBB4945FEA7FA3EFE38EC94" box="[308,394,1427,1452]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[151,182,1520,1539]" captionTargetBox="[206,1073,232,1476]" captionTargetId="figure-10@62.[151,1122,219,1495]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 33. Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), third instar.A – clypeolabrum, dorsal view; B – antenna, dorsal view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E – maxilla, dorsal view; F – maxilla, ventral view; G – labium, dorsal view; H – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272393/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">Figs. 33</figureCitation>
C–D): Inner teeth of left mandible with a small subapical tooth; inner face of mandible serrate basally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFBB4945FF33F9AEFE35EF0B" blockId="56.[160,1120,1539,1587]" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">
<superScript id="7C469B95FFBB4945FF33F9AEFF14EF37" attach="left" box="[160,166,1539,1551]" fontSize="5" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">2</superScript>
Based on all instars of 
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5EFFBB4945FEEFF9A8FDFFEF2F" baseAuthorityName="MacLeay" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[380,589,1541,1560]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens" subGenus="Helochares">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBB4945FEEFF9A8FE39EF2F" box="[380,395,1541,1559]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">H</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBB4945FE0CF9A8FDB3EF2F" box="[415,513,1541,1559]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">Helochares</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBB4945FD9CF9A8FDFFEF2F" box="[527,589,1541,1559]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">pallens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5EFFBB4945FDE8F9A8FCCCEF2F" authorityName="Hebauer" authorityYear="1995" box="[635,894,1541,1560]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nipponicus" subGenus="Hydrobaticus">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBB4945FDE8F9A8FD38EF2F" box="[635,650,1541,1559]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">H</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBB4945FD0DF9A8FCA3EF2F" box="[670,785,1541,1559]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">Hydrobaticus</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBB4945FCB3F9A8FCCCEF2F" box="[800,894,1541,1559]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">nipponicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the first instar of 
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5EFFBB4945FBD8F9A8FE30EF0A" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anchoralis" subGenus="Hydrobaticus">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBB4945FBD8F9A8FBE8EF2F" box="[1099,1114,1541,1559]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">H</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBB4945FF34F98DFEA8EF0A" box="[167,282,1568,1586]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">Hydrobaticus</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBB4945FEB4F98DFE30EF0A" box="[295,386,1568,1586]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="53">anchoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4C6655FFBA4944FFE2FAB1FD24EC72" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272385" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4272385" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272385/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="50" startId="57.[113,144,1308,1327]" targetBox="[119,1077,227,1278]" targetPageId="57">
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFBA4944FFE2FAB1FD24EC72" blockId="57.[113,1091,1308,1354]" pageId="57" pageNumber="50">
Fig. 29. Head capsule of 
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5EFFBA4944FED0FAB0FD41EC17" authority="(MacLeay, 1825)" baseAuthorityName="MacLeay" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[323,755,1308,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens" subGenus="Helochares">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBA4944FED0FAB0FE17EC17" box="[323,421,1309,1327]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="50">Helochares</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBA4944FE23FAB0FDA0EC17" box="[432,530,1309,1327]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="50">Helochares</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBA4944FD8EFAB0FDE9EC17" box="[541,603,1309,1327]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="50">pallens</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2CFFBA4944FDF6FAB1FD5EEC17" author="MACLEAY W. S." box="[613,748,1308,1327]" pageId="57" pageNumber="50" refId="ref49030" refString="MACLEAY W. S. 1825: Annulosa Javanica or an attempt to illustrate the natural affinities and analogies of the Insects collected in Java by Thomas Horsfield, M. D. F. L. &amp; G. S. and deposited by him in the Museum of the Honourable East-India Company. Kingsbury, Parbury, and Allen, London, 50 pp. + 1 pl." type="book" year="1825">MacLeay, 1825</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, first instar.A – dorsal view; B – ventral view; C – detail of anterior margin of head capsule, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFBA4944FF03FAD0FD36EC8C" blockId="57.[113,1089,1404,1588]" pageId="57" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBA4944FF03FAD0FF51ECAC" box="[144,227,1405,1428]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="50">Maxilla</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFBA4944FF62FAD1FEFAECAC" box="[241,328,1404,1428]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[151,182,1520,1539]" captionTargetBox="[206,1073,232,1476]" captionTargetId="figure-10@62.[151,1122,219,1495]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 33. Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), third instar.A – clypeolabrum, dorsal view; B – antenna, dorsal view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E – maxilla, dorsal view; F – maxilla, ventral view; G – labium, dorsal view; H – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272393/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="50">Figs. 33</figureCitation>
E–F): Maxillary palpomere 1 about as long as palpomeres 3 and 4 each, palpomere 2 the shortest; palpomere 1 the widest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFBA4944FF03FA10FC10ECCC" blockId="57.[113,1089,1404,1588]" pageId="57" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBA4944FF03FA10FF53ECEC" box="[144,225,1469,1492]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="50">Labium</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFBA4944FF61FA11FEF9ECEC" box="[242,331,1468,1492]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[151,182,1520,1539]" captionTargetBox="[206,1073,232,1476]" captionTargetId="figure-10@62.[151,1122,219,1495]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 33. Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), third instar.A – clypeolabrum, dorsal view; B – antenna, dorsal view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E – maxilla, dorsal view; F – maxilla, ventral view; G – labium, dorsal view; H – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272393/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="50">Figs. 33</figureCitation>
G–H): Mentum bearing small, strong cuticular spines dorsally. Labial palpi about as long as mentum; palpomere 1 much shorter than palpomere 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFBA4946FF03FA50FB8BE82B" blockId="57.[113,1089,1404,1588]" lastBlockId="59.[113,1089,219,819]" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="57" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBA4944FF03FA50FF47EF2C" box="[144,245,1533,1556]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="50">Abdomen</emphasis>
. Segment 1 with four dorsal sclerites on each side; two small sclerites on anteromedian part, posterior one larger than anterior one; remaining two sclerites very small, situated behind the former dorsal sclerites, each bearing one rather long seta and sometimes undetectable; segments 2 to 7 similar to segment 1 but with very indistinct dorsal sclerites.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4C6655FFB94947FF0BFA43FEC0EF0F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4272387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272387/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="55" startId="58.[152,183,1518,1537]" targetBox="[178,1117,235,1411]" targetPageId="58">
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFB94947FF0BFA43FEC0EF0F" blockId="58.[152,1126,1518,1591]" pageId="58" pageNumber="55">
Fig. 30. Head appendages of 
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5EFFB94947FE0BFA42FCE3EF39" authority="(MacLeay, 1825)" baseAuthorityName="MacLeay" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[408,849,1518,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens" subGenus="Helochares">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB94947FE0BFA42FE48EF39" box="[408,506,1519,1537]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="55">Helochares</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB94947FD94FA42FDDBEF39" box="[519,617,1519,1537]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="55">Helochares</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB94947FDE4FA42FD07EF39" box="[631,693,1519,1537]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="55">pallens</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2CFFB94947FD52FA42FCF8EF39" author="MACLEAY W. S." box="[705,842,1518,1538]" pageId="58" pageNumber="55" refId="ref49030" refString="MACLEAY W. S. 1825: Annulosa Javanica or an attempt to illustrate the natural affinities and analogies of the Insects collected in Java by Thomas Horsfield, M. D. F. L. &amp; G. S. and deposited by him in the Museum of the Honourable East-India Company. Kingsbury, Parbury, and Allen, London, 50 pp. + 1 pl." type="book" year="1825">MacLeay, 1825</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, first instar. A – antenna, dorsal view; B–C – mandibles, dorsal view; D – maxilla, dorsal view; E – maxilla, ventral view; F – labium, dorsal view; G – labium, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFB84946FF03FEB0FD8FE8CB" blockId="59.[113,1089,219,819]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB84946FF03FEB0FEE0E80C" box="[144,338,285,308]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">Spiracular atrium</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFB84946FEF0FEB6FE7BE80C" box="[355,457,283,308]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="61.[113,144,784,803]" captionTargetBox="[130,1061,230,748]" captionTargetId="figure-283@61.[113,1084,216,762]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="Fig. 32. Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), third instar. A – head, dorsal view; B – spiracular atrium, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272391" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272391/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">Fig. 32B</figureCitation>
): Segment 8 with large, oval dorsal plate; plate with four projections on median part of posterior edge, each median projections slightly bifid, with two setae; lateral portion of dorsal plate with three setae each, median one long, remaining two rather long; procercus with one rather short, stout seta and two rather long setae. Segment 9 trilobed; median lobe with one small, incompletely sclerotised projection on each side; two rather short and two moderately short setae on posterior edge of median lobe; each lateral lobe with two long setae on posterior edge.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFB84946FFE2FE57FCC5EB2B" blockId="59.[113,1089,219,819]" box="[113,887,506,532]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB84946FFE2FE57FEBDEB2C" bold="true" box="[113,271,506,532]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB84946FFE2FE57FEBAEB2B" bold="true" box="[113,264,506,531]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">Second instar</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Similar to third instar larva, but more weakly sclerotised.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFB84946FF03FDB0FD61EB0C" blockId="59.[113,1089,219,819]" box="[144,723,539,564]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB84946FF03FDB0FF78EB0C" box="[144,202,541,564]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">Head</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB84946FF44FDB0FE82EB0C" box="[215,304,541,564]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">Antenna</emphasis>
: Scape shorter than pedicel (
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFB84946FDF6FDB6FD74EB0C" box="[613,710,539,564]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="60.[151,182,1496,1515]" captionTargetBox="[166,1108,233,1398]" captionTargetId="figure-10@60.[151,1122,219,1431]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="Fig.31. Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), second instar.A – clypeolabrum, dorsal view; B – antenna, dorsal view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E – maxilla, dorsal view; F – maxilla, ventral view, G – labium, dorsal view; H – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272389/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">Fig. 31B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFB84946FFE2FD96FCC6EB6B" blockId="59.[113,1089,219,819]" box="[113,884,571,596]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB84946FFE2FD96FF46EB6C" bold="true" box="[113,244,571,596]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB84946FFE2FD96FF5FEB6B" bold="true" box="[113,237,571,595]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">First instar</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Similar to second instar larva, but more weakly sclerotised.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFB84946FF03FDF0FE7FEBAC" blockId="59.[113,1089,219,819]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB84946FF03FDF0FF7BEB4C" box="[144,201,605,628]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">Head</emphasis>
. Epistomal lobes somewhat asymmetrical; inner part of lobes strongly curved, lateral part slightly rounded (
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFB84946FECDFDD6FE72EBAC" box="[350,448,635,660]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[113,144,1308,1327]" captionTargetBox="[119,1077,227,1278]" captionTargetId="figure-87@57.[113,1084,217,1296]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 29. Head capsule of Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), first instar.A – dorsal view; B – ventral view; C – detail of anterior margin of head capsule, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272385" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272385/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">Fig. 29C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFB84946FF03FD30FBA6EB8B" blockId="59.[113,1089,219,819]" box="[144,1044,667,692]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB84946FF03FD30FF5BEB8C" box="[144,233,669,692]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">Antenna</emphasis>
proportionally short, stout (
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFB84946FD87FD36FDC5EB8C" box="[532,631,667,692]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="58.[152,183,1518,1537]" captionTargetBox="[178,1117,235,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-10@58.[151,1122,219,1431]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Fig. 30. Head appendages of Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), first instar. A – antenna, dorsal view; B–C – mandibles, dorsal view; D – maxilla, dorsal view; E – maxilla, ventral view; F – labium, dorsal view; G – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272387/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">Fig. 30A</figureCitation>
). Scape distinctly shorter than pedicel.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFB84946FF03FD10FC41EBEC" blockId="59.[113,1089,219,819]" box="[144,1011,699,724]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB84946FF03FD10FF51EBEC" box="[144,227,701,724]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">Maxilla</emphasis>
: Maxillary palpomere 3 slightly shorter than palpomere 4 (
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFB84946FCC8FD16FC00EBEC" box="[859,946,699,724]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="58.[152,183,1518,1537]" captionTargetBox="[178,1117,235,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-10@58.[151,1122,219,1431]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Fig. 30. Head appendages of Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), first instar. A – antenna, dorsal view; B–C – mandibles, dorsal view; D – maxilla, dorsal view; E – maxilla, ventral view; F – labium, dorsal view; G – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272387/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">Figs. 30</figureCitation>
D–E).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFB84946FF03FD70FD40EBCC" blockId="59.[113,1089,219,819]" box="[144,754,731,756]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB84946FF03FD70FF53EBCC" box="[144,225,733,756]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">Labium</emphasis>
: Labial palpi longer than mentum (
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFB84946FDC8FD76FD01EBCC" box="[603,691,731,756]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="58.[152,183,1518,1537]" captionTargetBox="[178,1117,235,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-10@58.[151,1122,219,1431]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Fig. 30. Head appendages of Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), first instar. A – antenna, dorsal view; B–C – mandibles, dorsal view; D – maxilla, dorsal view; E – maxilla, ventral view; F – labium, dorsal view; G – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272387/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">Figs. 30</figureCitation>
F–G).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFB84946FF03FD50FE4CEA0B" blockId="59.[113,1089,219,819]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB84946FF03FD50FF6FEA2C" box="[144,221,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">Thorax</emphasis>
. Mesonotum with six long setae on each posterior dorsal sclerite. Metanotum with six long setae on each dorsal sclerite.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFB84946FFE2FCE7FDF0EDBB" blockId="59.[113,1089,842,1571]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB84946FFE2FCE7FE72EA5A" bold="true" box="[113,448,842,867]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">Primary chaetotaxy of head.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB84946FE59FCE1FD95EA5B" box="[458,551,844,867]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">Frontale</emphasis>
altogether with 44 sensilla (
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFB84946FCFBFCE6FC4EEA5B" box="[872,1020,843,867]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[113,144,1308,1327]" captionTargetBox="[119,1077,227,1278]" captionTargetId="figure-87@57.[113,1084,217,1296]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 29. Head capsule of Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), first instar.A – dorsal view; B – ventral view; C – detail of anterior margin of head capsule, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272385" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272385/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">Figs. 29A, C</figureCitation>
). 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FB81FCE6FB86EA5B" box="[1042,1076,843,867]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">FR</collectionCode>
2 situated more anteriorly and mesally than 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FDA7FCC6FDEEEABB" box="[564,604,875,899]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">FR</collectionCode>
1. 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FDFCFCC7FD23EABA" box="[623,657,874,898]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">FR</collectionCode>
5 short seta; 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FC8BFCC6FC88EABB" box="[792,826,875,899]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">FR</collectionCode>
6 moderately long scalelike seta, close to 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FEA0FC26FEE5EA9A" box="[307,343,907,930]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">FR</collectionCode>
7; 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FEE3FC26FE20EA9A" box="[368,402,907,930]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">FR</collectionCode>
7 moderately short. Nasale with a group of six stout, short setae and three pore-like sensilla (gFR1), the latter sensilla on lateral margin of median two large teeth. Each epistomal lobe with two short setae on inner part, and one short, scale-like seta on median part of outer margin (gFR2). 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FD8AFC46FD89ED3B" box="[537,571,1003,1027]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">FR</collectionCode>
10 placed posteriorly to 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FCAAFC46FCEFED3B" box="[825,861,1003,1027]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">FR</collectionCode>
9; pore-like sensillum (
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FFEAFBA6FF2FED1B" box="[121,157,1035,1059]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">FR</collectionCode>
14) situated anteriorly to inner margin of antennal socket. Location of 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FC1BFBA6FC1EED1B" box="[904,940,1035,1059]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">FR</collectionCode>
11–13 slightly asymmetrical; 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FE9CFB86FE80ED7B" box="[271,306,1067,1091]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">FR</collectionCode>
12 situated between 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FD9AFB86FD9EED7B" box="[521,556,1067,1091]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">FR</collectionCode>
11 and 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FDE5FB86FD2BED7B" box="[630,665,1067,1091]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">FR</collectionCode>
13 but laterally of line connecting them; 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FFE2FBE6FF26ED5B" box="[113,148,1099,1123]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">FR</collectionCode>
11 situated anteriorly to 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FE09FBE6FE0CED5B" box="[410,446,1099,1123]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">FR</collectionCode>
12, close to lateral seta on nasale; sensilla on left lobe more closely aggregated than those on right lobe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFB84946FF03FB21FCBCEC1B" blockId="59.[113,1089,842,1571]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB84946FF03FB21FF46ED9B" box="[144,244,1164,1187]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">Parietale</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFB84946FE95FB26FED0ED9B" box="[262,354,1163,1187]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[113,144,1308,1327]" captionTargetBox="[119,1077,227,1278]" captionTargetId="figure-87@57.[113,1084,217,1296]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 29. Head capsule of Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), first instar.A – dorsal view; B – ventral view; C – detail of anterior margin of head capsule, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272385" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272385/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">Figs. 29</figureCitation>
A–B): 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FE3DFB27FE61ED9A" box="[430,467,1162,1186]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">PA</collectionCode>
1–5 forming irregular row. 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FC93FB26FC90ED9B" box="[768,802,1163,1187]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">PA</collectionCode>
7 very long, trichoid seta; 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FFE2FB06FF26EDFB" box="[113,148,1195,1219]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">PA</collectionCode>
12 rather long seta. 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FEF0FB06FE36EDFB" box="[355,388,1195,1219]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">PA</collectionCode>
20 rather long seta. 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FDC6FB06FDCAEDFB" box="[597,632,1195,1219]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">PA</collectionCode>
17 close to 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FD7CFB06FCA1EDFB" box="[751,787,1195,1219]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">PA</collectionCode>
16, situated more posteriorly and more mesally than 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FEFBFB66FE3FEDDB" box="[360,397,1227,1251]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">PA</collectionCode>
16; 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FE23FB66FE61EDDB" box="[432,467,1227,1251]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">PA</collectionCode>
16 long, narrow scale-like seta. 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FCB3FB66FCF0EDDB" box="[800,834,1227,1251]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">PA</collectionCode>
26–28 situated ventrally at midlength and in lateral 0.36 of parietale; 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FDC2FB46FDC1EC3B" box="[593,627,1259,1283]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">PA</collectionCode>
27 between 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FD60FB46FCA6EC3B" box="[755,788,1259,1283]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">PA</collectionCode>
26 and 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FCF1FB46FC34EC3B" box="[866,902,1259,1283]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">PA</collectionCode>
28. Two pore-like sensilla (
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FF5CFAA6FF40EC1B" box="[207,242,1291,1315]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">PA</collectionCode>
29–30) located ventrally on basal fifth of parietale.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFB84946FF03FA81FEB3ECDB" blockId="59.[113,1089,842,1571]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB84946FF03FA81FF5BEC7B" box="[144,233,1324,1347]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">Antenna</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFB84946FF65FA86FEE8EC7B" box="[246,346,1323,1347]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="58.[152,183,1518,1537]" captionTargetBox="[178,1117,235,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-10@58.[151,1122,219,1431]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Fig. 30. Head appendages of Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), first instar. A – antenna, dorsal view; B–C – mandibles, dorsal view; D – maxilla, dorsal view; E – maxilla, ventral view; F – labium, dorsal view; G – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272387/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">Fig. 30A</figureCitation>
): Antennomere 2 with one pore-like sensillum (
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FCDDFA86FCCAEC7B" box="[846,888,1323,1347]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">AN</collectionCode>
6) situated dorsally close to distal margin of sclerite; five setae (
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FDABFAE6FDD0EC5B" box="[568,610,1355,1379]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">AN</collectionCode>
7–11) on intersegmentary membrane between antennomeres 2 and 3; 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FEFCFAC6FE25ECBB" box="[367,407,1387,1411]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">AN</collectionCode>
7 rather short, rounded apically; 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FD69FAC6FC91ECBB" box="[762,803,1387,1411]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">AN</collectionCode>
8 rather stout, shorter than 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FFE2FA26FF29EC9B" box="[113,155,1419,1443]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">AN</collectionCode>
7; 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FF21FA26FF68EC9B" box="[178,218,1419,1443]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">AN</collectionCode>
9 minute; 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FED0FA26FED9EC9B" box="[323,363,1419,1443]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">AN</collectionCode>
7–9 on outer face of antenna next to sensorium 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FCF7FA26FC3BEC9B" box="[868,905,1419,1443]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">SE</collectionCode>
1; setae 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FC4BFA26FBB3EC9B" box="[984,1025,1419,1443]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">AN</collectionCode>
10–11 on inner face of antenna; 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FEEAFA06FE13ECFB" box="[377,417,1451,1475]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">AN</collectionCode>
10 long, narrow scale-like, 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FD2FFA06FD57ECFB" box="[700,741,1451,1475]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">AN</collectionCode>
11 short, both setae situated close to each other.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFB84946FF03FA41FEE0EF1B" blockId="59.[113,1089,842,1571]" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB84946FF03FA41FF44EF3B" box="[144,246,1516,1539]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">Mandible</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFB84946FE96FA46FEECEF3B" box="[261,350,1515,1539]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="58.[152,183,1518,1537]" captionTargetBox="[178,1117,235,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-10@58.[151,1122,219,1431]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Fig. 30. Head appendages of Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), first instar. A – antenna, dorsal view; B–C – mandibles, dorsal view; D – maxilla, dorsal view; E – maxilla, ventral view; F – labium, dorsal view; G – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272387/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">Figs. 30</figureCitation>
B–C): 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FE35FA46FE60EF3B" box="[422,466,1515,1539]" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">MN</collectionCode>
2 between 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FDD5FA46FDC4EF3B" box="[582,630,1515,1539]" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">MN</collectionCode>
1 and 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FD27FA46FD51EF3B" box="[692,739,1515,1539]" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">MN</collectionCode>
3, close to 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FCC6FA46FC35EF3B" box="[853,903,1515,1539]" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">MN</collectionCode>
1; 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FC0FFA46FC7AEF3B" box="[924,968,1515,1539]" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">MN</collectionCode>
4 on lateral face. 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB84946FF38F9A7FF6AEF1A" box="[171,216,1546,1570]" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="59" pageNumber="52">MN</collectionCode>
5 pore-like.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4C6655FFBF4941FF04FA75FE14EF18" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272389" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4272389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272389/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="57" startId="60.[151,182,1496,1515]" targetBox="[166,1108,233,1398]" targetPageId="60">
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFBF4941FF04FA75FE14EF18" blockId="60.[151,1129,1496,1568]" pageId="60" pageNumber="57">
Fig.31. 
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5EFFBF4941FF49FA74FD33ECD3" authority="(MacLeay, 1825)" baseAuthorityName="MacLeay" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[218,641,1496,1515]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens" subGenus="Helochares">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBF4941FF49FA74FE88ECD3" box="[218,314,1497,1515]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="57">Helochares</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBF4941FED6FA74FE17ECD3" box="[325,421,1497,1515]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="57">Helochares</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBF4941FE23FA74FE5FECD3" box="[432,493,1497,1515]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="57">pallens</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2CFFBF4941FE65FA75FDC9ECD3" author="MACLEAY W. S." box="[502,635,1496,1515]" pageId="60" pageNumber="57" refId="ref49030" refString="MACLEAY W. S. 1825: Annulosa Javanica or an attempt to illustrate the natural affinities and analogies of the Insects collected in Java by Thomas Horsfield, M. D. F. L. &amp; G. S. and deposited by him in the Museum of the Honourable East-India Company. Kingsbury, Parbury, and Allen, London, 50 pp. + 1 pl." type="book" year="1825">MacLeay, 1825</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, second instar.A – clypeolabrum, dorsal view; B – antenna, dorsal view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E – maxilla, dorsal view; F – maxilla, ventral view, G – labium, dorsal view; H – labium, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4C6655FFBE4940FFE2FCBDFEAEEA06" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272391" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4272391" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272391/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="54" startId="61.[113,144,784,803]" targetBox="[130,1061,230,748]" targetPageId="61">
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFBE4940FFE2FCBDFEAEEA06" blockId="61.[113,1088,784,830]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">
Fig. 32. 
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5EFFBE4940FF2DFCBFFDC9EA1B" authority="(MacLeay, 1825)" baseAuthorityName="MacLeay" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[190,635,784,804]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens" subGenus="Helochares">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBE4940FF2DFCBFFE92EA1C" box="[190,288,786,804]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Helochares</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBE4940FEBDFCBFFE22EA1C" box="[302,400,786,804]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Helochares</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBE4940FE0CFCBFFE6FEA1C" box="[415,477,786,804]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">pallens</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2CFFBE4940FE79FCBCFDC7EA1B" author="MACLEAY W. S." box="[490,629,784,804]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54" refId="ref49030" refString="MACLEAY W. S. 1825: Annulosa Javanica or an attempt to illustrate the natural affinities and analogies of the Insects collected in Java by Thomas Horsfield, M. D. F. L. &amp; G. S. and deposited by him in the Museum of the Honourable East-India Company. Kingsbury, Parbury, and Allen, London, 50 pp. + 1 pl." type="book" year="1825">MacLeay, 1825</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, third instar. A – head, dorsal view; B – spiracular atrium, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFBE4940FF03FCDFFCEFED30" blockId="61.[113,1089,881,1065]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBE4940FF03FCDFFF51EAB1" box="[144,227,882,905]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Maxilla</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFBE4940FF62FCDCFEFBEAB1" box="[241,329,881,905]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="58.[152,183,1518,1537]" captionTargetBox="[178,1117,235,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-10@58.[151,1122,219,1431]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Fig. 30. Head appendages of Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), first instar. A – antenna, dorsal view; B–C – mandibles, dorsal view; D – maxilla, dorsal view; E – maxilla, ventral view; F – labium, dorsal view; G – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272387/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Figs. 30</figureCitation>
D–E): One pore-like sensillum (
<collectingCountry id="F324764DFFBE4940FD0EFCDCFD7EEAB1" box="[669,716,881,905]" name="Mexico" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">MX</collectingCountry>
12) and one very long seta (
<collectingCountry id="F324764DFFBE4940FC62FCDCFB92EAB1" box="[1009,1056,881,905]" name="Mexico" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">MX</collectingCountry>
13) situated dorsally on outer face of palpomere 1, close to distal margin of sclerite; 
<collectingCountry id="F324764DFFBE4940FC36FC3CFC60EA91" box="[933,978,913,937]" name="Mexico" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">MX</collectingCountry>
13 situated more ventrally than 
<collectingCountry id="F324764DFFBE4940FED4FC1CFEC4EAF1" box="[327,374,945,969]" name="Mexico" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">MX</collectingCountry>
12; one long seta (
<collectingCountry id="F324764DFFBE4940FDA0FC1CFDD0EAF1" box="[563,610,945,969]" name="Mexico" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">MX</collectingCountry>
14) situated ventrally on median part of distal margin. 
<collectingCountry id="F324764DFFBE4940FF59FC7CFF44EAD1" box="[202,246,977,1001]" name="Mexico" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">MX</collectingCountry>
23 on distal part of outer face of sclerite; 
<collectingCountry id="F324764DFFBE4940FD22FC7CFD6EEAD1" box="[689,732,977,1001]" name="Mexico" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">MX</collectingCountry>
20 behind 
<collectingCountry id="F324764DFFBE4940FCDEFC7CFCC9EAD1" box="[845,891,977,1001]" name="Mexico" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">MX</collectingCountry>
23; 
<collectingCountry id="F324764DFFBE4940FC32FC7CFC7CEAD1" box="[929,974,977,1001]" name="Mexico" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">MX</collectingCountry>
21 situated ventrally on anterolateral part; 
<collectingCountry id="F324764DFFBE4940FE2FFC5CFE55ED31" box="[444,487,1009,1033]" name="Mexico" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">MX</collectingCountry>
22 behind 
<collectingCountry id="F324764DFFBE4940FDC4FC5CFD34ED31" box="[599,646,1009,1033]" name="Mexico" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">MX</collectingCountry>
21. 
<collectingCountry id="F324764DFFBE4940FD39FC5CFD64ED31" box="[682,726,1009,1033]" name="Mexico" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">MX</collectingCountry>
24 long seta.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFBE4940FF03FBBFFD83ED11" blockId="61.[113,1089,881,1065]" box="[144,561,1041,1065]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBE4940FF03FBBFFF53ED11" box="[144,225,1042,1065]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Labium</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFBE4940FF63FBBCFEFAED11" box="[240,328,1041,1065]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="58.[152,183,1518,1537]" captionTargetBox="[178,1117,235,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-10@58.[151,1122,219,1431]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Fig. 30. Head appendages of Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), first instar. A – antenna, dorsal view; B–C – mandibles, dorsal view; D – maxilla, dorsal view; E – maxilla, ventral view; F – labium, dorsal view; G – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272387/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Figs. 30</figureCitation>
F–G): 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFBE4940FE1EFBBCFE07ED11" box="[397,437,1041,1065]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">LA</collectionCode>
1 very long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFBE4940FFE2FBEDFDC6ED40" blockId="61.[113,1089,1087,1592]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBE4940FFE2FBEDFE7BED60" bold="true" box="[113,457,1088,1112]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Secondary chaetotaxy of head</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBE4940FE44FB92FDC4ED60" bold="true" box="[471,630,1087,1112]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBE4940FE44FB92FDDDED60" bold="true" box="[471,623,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Second instar</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBE4940FDEDFBECFD68ED60" box="[638,730,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Frontale</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFBE4940FD79FBEDFCE2ED60" box="[746,848,1088,1112]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[113,144,883,902]" captionTargetBox="[133,1064,222,859]" captionTargetId="figure-242@63.[113,1084,200,875]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 34. Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), chaetotaxy of head capsule, dorsal view. A – median part of head capsule, second instar. B–D – third instar larva: B – median part of head capsule; C – intraspecific variation of secondary sensilla between PA6 and PA7; D – intraspecific variation of secondary sensilla on outer part of antennal socket. Secondary sensilla are marked by a black rhombus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272395/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Fig. 34A</figureCitation>
): One short secondary seta between 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFBE4940FE92FBCDFE94ED40" box="[257,294,1120,1144]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">FR</collectionCode>
1 and 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFBE4940FEF0FBCDFE35ED40" box="[355,391,1120,1144]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">FR</collectionCode>
5, close to frontal line.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFBE4940FF03FB2CFEBEECA0" blockId="61.[113,1089,1087,1592]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBE4940FF03FB2CFF40EDA0" box="[144,242,1153,1176]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Parietale</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFBE4940FF6DFB2DFED2EDA0" box="[254,352,1152,1176]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[113,144,883,902]" captionTargetBox="[133,1064,222,859]" captionTargetId="figure-242@63.[113,1084,200,875]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 34. Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), chaetotaxy of head capsule, dorsal view. A – median part of head capsule, second instar. B–D – third instar larva: B – median part of head capsule; C – intraspecific variation of secondary sensilla between PA6 and PA7; D – intraspecific variation of secondary sensilla on outer part of antennal socket. Secondary sensilla are marked by a black rhombus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272395/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Fig. 34A</figureCitation>
): One seta located close to frontal line, medially of line connecting 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFBE4940FB87FB2DFB87EDA0" box="[1044,1077,1152,1176]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">PA</collectionCode>
6 and 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFBE4940FF0EFB0DFF73ED80" box="[157,193,1184,1208]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">PA</collectionCode>
7. Two short secondary setae situated posteriorly to lateral part of antennal socket, one slightly posteriorly to 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFBE4940FECEFB6DFE33EDE0" box="[349,385,1216,1240]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">PA</collectionCode>
9, one slightly laterally of 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFBE4940FD07FB6DFD0BEDE0" box="[660,697,1216,1240]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">PA</collectionCode>
8. One pore-like secondary sensillum and one rather short secondary seta close to outer margin of antennal socket, between 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFBE4940FB87FB4DFB84EDC0" box="[1044,1078,1248,1272]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">PA</collectionCode>
9 and 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFBE4940FF0CFAADFF76EC20" box="[159,196,1280,1304]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">PA</collectionCode>
19; the seta situated more mesally than pore-like sensillum. One rather short secondary seta behind 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFBE4940FEB8FA8DFEE2EC00" box="[299,336,1312,1336]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">PA</collectionCode>
21; one rather short secondary seta situated close to 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFBE4940FC11FA8DFC14EC00" box="[898,934,1312,1336]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">PA</collectionCode>
14, laterally of line connecting 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFBE4940FE8DFAEDFEF3EC60" box="[286,321,1344,1368]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">PA</collectionCode>
13 and 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFBE4940FE1DFAEDFE01EC60" box="[398,435,1344,1368]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">PA</collectionCode>
14; one rather short secondary seta between 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFBE4940FC1CFAEDFC00EC60" box="[911,946,1344,1368]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">PA</collectionCode>
15 and 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFBE4940FC6CFAEDFB96EC60" box="[1023,1060,1344,1368]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">PA</collectionCode>
16; one rather short secondary seta situated slightly anteriorly to 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFBE4940FD65FACDFCA9EC40" box="[758,795,1376,1400]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">PA</collectionCode>
17; one short secondary seta close to 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFBE4940FF59FA2DFF5DECA0" box="[202,239,1408,1432]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">PA</collectionCode>
18.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFBE4940FF03FA0CFF6EECC0" blockId="61.[113,1089,1087,1592]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBE4940FF03FA0CFF44EC80" box="[144,246,1441,1464]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Mandible</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFBE4940FE94FA0DFEEDEC80" box="[263,351,1440,1464]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="60.[151,182,1496,1515]" captionTargetBox="[166,1108,233,1398]" captionTargetId="figure-10@60.[151,1122,219,1431]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="Fig.31. Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), second instar.A – clypeolabrum, dorsal view; B – antenna, dorsal view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E – maxilla, dorsal view; F – maxilla, ventral view, G – labium, dorsal view; H – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272389/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Figs. 31</figureCitation>
C–D): Three pore-like secondary sensilla on medioposterior part of outer face of mandible; three rather short secondary setae located basally on outer part of mandible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFBE4942FF03F9ACFE22ED02" blockId="61.[113,1089,1087,1592]" lastBlockId="63.[113,1089,1026,1371]" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBE4940FF03F9ACFF51EF20" box="[144,227,1537,1560]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Maxilla</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFBE4940FF61F9ADFEFBEF20" box="[242,329,1536,1560]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="60.[151,182,1496,1515]" captionTargetBox="[166,1108,233,1398]" captionTargetId="figure-10@60.[151,1122,219,1431]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="Fig.31. Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), second instar.A – clypeolabrum, dorsal view; B – antenna, dorsal view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E – maxilla, dorsal view; F – maxilla, ventral view, G – labium, dorsal view; H – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272389/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Figs. 31</figureCitation>
E–F): Outer face of stipes with three trichoid secondary seta; one very long seta on apical part; remaining setae rather long, situated on anterior third and two-thirds respectively; inner part of stipes with one rather long secondary seta situated ventrally on anterior portion of sclerite.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4C6655FFBD4943FF04FA5DFE14EF00" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272393" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4272393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272393/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" startId="62.[151,182,1520,1539]" targetBox="[206,1073,232,1476]" targetPageId="62">
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFBD4943FF04FA5DFE14EF00" blockId="62.[151,1129,1520,1592]" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">
Fig. 33. 
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5EFFBD4943FF4FFA5CFD38EF3B" authority="(MacLeay, 1825)" baseAuthorityName="MacLeay" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[220,650,1520,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens" subGenus="Helochares">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBD4943FF4FFA5CFE8CEF3B" box="[220,318,1521,1539]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Helochares</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBD4943FEDBFA5CFE18EF3B" box="[328,426,1521,1539]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Helochares</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBD4943FE26FA5CFE41EF3B" box="[437,499,1521,1539]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">pallens</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2CFFBD4943FE6FFA5DFD31EF3B" author="MACLEAY W. S." box="[508,643,1520,1539]" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" refId="ref49030" refString="MACLEAY W. S. 1825: Annulosa Javanica or an attempt to illustrate the natural affinities and analogies of the Insects collected in Java by Thomas Horsfield, M. D. F. L. &amp; G. S. and deposited by him in the Museum of the Honourable East-India Company. Kingsbury, Parbury, and Allen, London, 50 pp. + 1 pl." type="book" year="1825">MacLeay, 1825</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, third instar.A – clypeolabrum, dorsal view; B – antenna, dorsal view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E – maxilla, dorsal view; F – maxilla, ventral view; G – labium, dorsal view; H – labium, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4C6655FFBC4942FFE2FCDEFD7DEAEE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4272395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272395/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="56" startId="63.[113,144,883,902]" targetBox="[133,1064,222,859]" targetPageId="63">
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFBC4942FFE2FCDEFD7DEAEE" blockId="63.[113,1089,883,982]" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">
Fig. 34. 
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5EFFBC4942FF29FCD9FDC3EABE" authority="(MacLeay, 1825)" baseAuthorityName="MacLeay" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[186,625,883,902]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens" subGenus="Helochares">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBC4942FF29FCD9FEAEEABE" box="[186,284,884,902]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">Helochares</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBC4942FEBAFCD9FE39EABE" box="[297,395,884,902]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">Helochares</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBC4942FE0BFCD9FE64EABE" box="[408,470,884,902]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">pallens</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2CFFBC4942FE71FCDEFDD9EABE" author="MACLEAY W. S." box="[482,619,883,902]" pageId="63" pageNumber="56" refId="ref49030" refString="MACLEAY W. S. 1825: Annulosa Javanica or an attempt to illustrate the natural affinities and analogies of the Insects collected in Java by Thomas Horsfield, M. D. F. L. &amp; G. S. and deposited by him in the Museum of the Honourable East-India Company. Kingsbury, Parbury, and Allen, London, 50 pp. + 1 pl." type="book" year="1825">MacLeay, 1825</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, chaetotaxy of head capsule, dorsal view. A – median part of head capsule, second instar. B–D – third instar larva: B – median part of head capsule; C – intraspecific variation of secondary sensilla between PA6 and PA7; D – intraspecific variation of secondary sensilla on outer part of antennal socket. Secondary sensilla are marked by a black rhombus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFBC4942FF03FBE9FC7EEDA2" blockId="63.[113,1089,1026,1371]" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBC4942FF03FBE9FF53ED63" box="[144,225,1092,1115]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">Labium</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFBC4942FF7CFBEFFEF6ED63" box="[239,324,1090,1115]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="60.[151,182,1496,1515]" captionTargetBox="[166,1108,233,1398]" captionTargetId="figure-10@60.[151,1122,219,1431]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="Fig.31. Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), second instar.A – clypeolabrum, dorsal view; B – antenna, dorsal view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E – maxilla, dorsal view; F – maxilla, ventral view, G – labium, dorsal view; H – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272389/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">Figs. 31</figureCitation>
G–H): Dorsal surface of mentum with three rather short, stout secondary setae on lateral face, one on apical part, two on median part; one pair of rather short, moderately stout setae situated dorsally on median part of anterior margin of mentum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFBC4942FFE2FB0CFD86EC62" blockId="63.[113,1089,1026,1371]" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBC4942FFE2FB0CFF4EED83" bold="true" box="[113,252,1185,1211]" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBC4942FFE2FB0CFF47ED82" bold="true" box="[113,245,1185,1210]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">Third instar</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBC4942FE92FB09FED6ED83" box="[257,356,1188,1211]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">Parietale</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFBC4942FEE2FB0FFE7AED83" box="[369,456,1186,1211]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[113,144,883,902]" captionTargetBox="[133,1064,222,859]" captionTargetId="figure-242@63.[113,1084,200,875]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 34. Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), chaetotaxy of head capsule, dorsal view. A – median part of head capsule, second instar. B–D – third instar larva: B – median part of head capsule; C – intraspecific variation of secondary sensilla between PA6 and PA7; D – intraspecific variation of secondary sensilla on outer part of antennal socket. Secondary sensilla are marked by a black rhombus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272395/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">Figs. 34</figureCitation>
B–D): One to two rather long to rather short secondary setae close to frontal line, medially of line connecting 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFBC4942FDE1FB6FFD21EDE2" box="[626,659,1218,1242]" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">PA</collectionCode>
6 and 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFBC4942FD42FB6EFD47EDE3" box="[721,757,1219,1243]" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">PA</collectionCode>
7. One pore-like secondary sensillum and one or two rather short secondary setae close to outer margin of antennal socket, between 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFBC4942FF40FAAEFF47EC23" box="[211,245,1283,1307]" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">PA</collectionCode>
9 and 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFBC4942FEA4FAAEFEEEEC23" box="[311,348,1283,1307]" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">PA</collectionCode>
19; pore-like sensillum close to 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFBC4942FD25FAAEFD69EC23" box="[694,731,1283,1307]" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">PA</collectionCode>
19, setae close to 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFBC4942FC09FAAEFC0CEC23" box="[922,958,1283,1307]" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">PA</collectionCode>
9. One short secondary seta between 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFBC4942FEE7FA8EFE27EC03" box="[372,405,1315,1339]" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">PA</collectionCode>
22 and 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFBC4942FE70FA8FFDB4EC02" box="[483,518,1314,1338]" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">PA</collectionCode>
26, but sometimes absent; one or two short secondary setae close to 
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFBC4942FE95FAEEFE9BEC63" box="[262,297,1347,1371]" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">PA</collectionCode>
18 but sometimes absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFBC4942FFE2FADCFCDCECB2" blockId="63.[113,878,1393,1418]" box="[113,878,1393,1418]" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBC4942FFE2FADCFF62ECB1" bold="true" box="[113,208,1393,1417]" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">Habitat.</emphasis>
Standing water. Larvae were found in water (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2CFFBC4942FD2BFADFFCD3ECB2" author="HAYASHI M." box="[696,865,1394,1418]" pageId="63" pageNumber="56" pagination="87 - 121" refId="ref48171" refString="HAYASHI M. 2009 a: (Aquatic Hydrophilidae of Shimane prefecture). Bulletin of Hoshizaki Green Foundation 12: 87 - 121 (in Japanese, with English title and abstract)." type="journal article" year="2009">HAYASHI 2009a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFBC4942FFE2FA0DFCB5EF00" blockId="63.[113,1088,1440,1593]" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBC4942FFE2FA0DFEA2EC80" bold="true" box="[113,272,1440,1464]" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">Identification.</emphasis>
First instar larvae were reared from the identified female which carried an egg case underneath the abdomen. Second and third instar larvae were collected in the field and compared with the morphology of the reared first instar larvae; as their morphology matched the first instar larvae in all characters except those known to vary between instars, we identify them as clearly belonging to 
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5EFFBC4942FD1DF98FFCB2EF01" baseAuthorityName="MacLeay" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[654,768,1570,1593]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFBC4942FD1DF98FFCB2EF01" box="[654,768,1570,1593]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">H. pallens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>