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<mods:title id="28C7FB971E5E11C3B9AE9145EFB80AC2">Terrestrial molluscs of Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania, and its status as an &quot; oceanic &quot; island</mods:title>
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17. 
<taxonomicName id="7C9771225B5CB7F02A44016B4324E920" ID-CoL="BXZV" authority="Hutton, 1834" authorityName="Hutton" authorityYear="1834" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allopeas gracile" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracile">Allopeas gracile (Hutton, 1834)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="A4757E3A96517A09C3861E93FF2329A0" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Bulimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bulimus gracile" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracile">Bulimus gracile</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="F5AA7E6613D4B5745C280E71458FDBCD" author="Hutton, T" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="81 - 93" title="On the land shells of India." volume="3" year="1834">Hutton 1834</bibRefCitation>
: 84, 93
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="EC21E91A314F75E5BCBF94F972D014D4" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="notes">
<paragraph id="EC115ED5B92FE032F478D0016BD45121" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DFE3AB58B56E5D7A8128284FFA038855" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Pemba specimens reach a large size (13.5 
<normalizedToken id="E877C6E02DAC9B854C77CA27AF5C6A41" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.4 mm, occasionally 15.0 
<normalizedToken id="E1C82BE7A6E26C94B70679BDF8A82962" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.5 mm, up to 8 whorls), always being relatively narrower than 
<taxonomicName id="BF42D8DE94681630093EC434369D5458" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Opeas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opeas lamoense" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lamoense">Opeas lamoense</taxonomicName>
. The maximum size is substantially greater than given by most authors (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="3D21C56C6FE97C73A71A2ACBAAB23E39" author="Gerlach, J" journalOrPublisher="Backhuys, Leiden, The Netherlands" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" title="Terrestrial and freshwater Mollusca of the Seychelles islands" year="2006 b">Gerlach 2006b</bibRefCitation>
: 9.4 mm; 
<bibRefCitation id="41B4E7316B6462BF0AEA64C1B8E44DEC" author="Griffiths, OL" journalOrPublisher="Bioculture Press, Mauritius" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" title="A field guide to the non-marine molluscs of the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius, Rodrigues and Reunion) and the Northern Dependencies of Mauritius" year="2006">Griffiths and Florens 2006</bibRefCitation>
: 13.5 mm). Said to be restricted to &quot;waste places&quot; by 
<bibRefCitation id="155C2CFA5E6D5BEFF7EA27B425CD39D4" author="Verdcourt, B" editor="Burgess, ND" journalOrPublisher="IUCN, Gland, Switzerland" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" title="Molluscs" volumeTitle="Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa" year="2000">Verdcourt (2000)</bibRefCitation>
this species nonetheless occurs in some forest habitats (Table 2). 
<taxonomicName id="618A27C1405A6192E220D92BD422D325" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allopeas gracile" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracile">Allopeas gracile</taxonomicName>
is widespread in the tropics but its native range is uncertain. 
<bibRefCitation id="6C94EA460A21FD9AB18F761909888C18" author="Voeltzkow, A" journalOrPublisher="Witu-Inseln und Zanzibar-Archipel. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" title="Reise in Ostafrika in den Jahren 1903 - 1905. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse" year="1923">
<pageBreakToken id="357F4BC503637455EFD9ABFDD11A34F4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" start="start">Voeltzkow</pageBreakToken>
(1923)
</bibRefCitation>
noted that &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="54BA7AB6AFB0ABC6E553B08F50A74CEC" genus="Opea" lsidName="Opea gracile subsp. johanninum" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="subSpecies" species="gracile" subSpecies="johanninum">Opea gracile johanninum</taxonomicName>
(Mor.)&quot; (sic) was numerous in rotting logs on Pemba; 
<bibRefCitation id="C6D00CADD0FDCD486A96A50425A283CD" author="Haas, F" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbuecher" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="387 - 430" title="Die Binnenmollusken der Voeltzkow'schen Reisen in Ostafrika und den ostafrikanischen Inseln" volume="57" year="1929">Haas (1929)</bibRefCitation>
gives the record from Chake Chake. 
<bibRefCitation id="0611F8453451DE89737891E91EC54986" author="Fischer-Piette, E" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle (Nouvelle Serie: Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 77" title="Les mollusques terrestres des Iles Comores." volume="84" year="1974">Fischer-Piette and Vukadinovic (1974)</bibRefCitation>
consider 
<taxonomicName id="1826261F3D9DCED998854888E76D887E" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Bulimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bulimus johanninus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="johanninus">Bulimus johanninus</taxonomicName>
Morelet, 1877, described from the Comoros, a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="74A285FF67D5B5D023E2B6F179A1E7C5" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allopeas gracile" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracile">Allopeas gracile</taxonomicName>
. Recent authors (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="E97FD4EF2E33404066AC7B866BD63210" author="Neubert, E" journalOrPublisher="Fauna of Arabia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="333 - 461" title="Annotated checklist of the terrestrial and freshwater molluscs of the Arabian Peninsula with descriptions of new species." volume="17" year="1998">Neubert 1998</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="E29B818013B088815BC4C5266F64BE8F" author="Gerlach, J" journalOrPublisher="Backhuys, Leiden, The Netherlands" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" title="Terrestrial and freshwater Mollusca of the Seychelles islands" year="2006 b">Gerlach 2006b</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="B9195B1BBDB5D714DD14CCE994AAF898" author="Griffiths, OL" journalOrPublisher="Bioculture Press, Mauritius" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" title="A field guide to the non-marine molluscs of the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius, Rodrigues and Reunion) and the Northern Dependencies of Mauritius" year="2006">Griffiths and Florens 2006</bibRefCitation>
) rather than 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4F96656FE088FF047767129EF6323" author="Verdcourt, B" journalOrPublisher="B Verdcourt, Maidenhead, UK" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" title="A Revised List of the Non-marine Mollusca of East Africa (Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, excluding Lake Malawi)" year="2006">Verdcourt (2006)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="815C08C1AFAD95EAEFF1E3C949F1B519" author="Rowson, B" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Conchology" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="425 - 466" title="Land molluscs of Zanzibar Island (Unguja), Tanzania with the description of a new species of Gulella (Pulmonata: Streptaxidae)." volume="39" year="2007">Rowson (2007)</bibRefCitation>
are followed here in treating this species in 
<taxonomicName id="A5DFE8D1CF957C16963409E26F25EB7B" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allopeas" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Allopeas</taxonomicName>
as distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="B3C24A20EFBC7FEE2DCF929DA0B76E5A" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Lamellaxis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lamellaxis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Lamellaxis</taxonomicName>
.
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