645 lines
104 KiB
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645 lines
104 KiB
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<mods:title id="D3305D4F29CBE7160EF9BFB310C64586">Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora’s box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A7E39B8D33D12DE0C583689DEA6C3A9D">Wisshak, Max</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="398B59C05FE09A78C6C4EAF37B57EFB2">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="291F07B022ABC5CC6BB2E1F8AC0ECDE6">2017-12-29</mods:number>
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<treatment id="8878B758BA429F1F4DB52269FBC4FB6A" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164249315" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8878B758BA429F1F4DB52269FBC4FB6A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8878B758BA429F1F4DB52269FBC4FB6A" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA429F1C4DB52269FBB7FDBC" box="[486,1102,612,639]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA429F1C4DB52269FBB7FDBC" blockId="52.[486,1102,612,673]" box="[486,1102,612,639]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<heading id="5B26B122BA429F1C4DB52269FBB7FDBC" box="[486,1102,612,639]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA429F1C4DB52269FC3CFDBC" authority="(Fischer, 1875)" authorityName="Wisshak" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[486,965,612,639]" class="Monothalamea" family="Astrorhizidae" genus="Nododendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="europaea" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA429F1C4DB52269FCF2FDBD" bold="true" box="[486,779,612,639]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Nododendrina europaea</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4F482269FC44FDBC" author="Fischer" box="[795,957,612,639]" firstAuthor="Fischer" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="530 - 533" refId="ref50553" refString="Fischer M. P. 1875. D'un type de sarcodaires. Journal de Zoologie 4: 530 - 533." type="journal article" year="1875">Fischer, 1875</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="29966727BA429F1C4F9E2269FBB7FDBC" box="[973,1102,612,639]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA429F1C4EA3228AFCBAFD62" box="[752,835,647,673]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="description">
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA429F1C4EA3228AFCBAFD62" blockId="52.[486,1102,612,673]" box="[752,835,647,673]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA429F1C4EA3228AFCBAFD62" box="[752,835,647,673]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="54.[189,232,1751,1777]" captionTargetBox="[192,1399,266,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[189,1399,246,1727]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Fig. 19. Nododendrina europaea (Fischer, 1875). A–B. Original illustrations of the trace as observed in a transparent shell of the bivalve Pecten opercularis (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Gulf of Gascogne, France (reproduced from Fischer 1875: pl. XVI, figs 5–6; no scale). C–E. SEM overview and close-up of the neotype (= holotype of the junior synonym Semidendrina pulchra Bromley et al., 2007) in an epoxy cast of an Upper Jurassic Lopha shell from Villers-sur-Mer, France. F. SEM of an ontogenetic series as recorded in an epoxy cast of a bivalve shell that was exposed for two years at a depth of 15 m in the Kosterfjord, Sweden (modified from Wisshak 2006)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839897/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA429F1C4CEE22C4FAC3F953" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA429F1C4CEE22C4FCA1FD20" blockId="52.[189,1111,712,845]" box="[189,856,712,739]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="20C12160BA429F1C4CEE22C4FCA1FD20" box="[189,856,712,739]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA429F1C4CEE22C4FD86FD20" author="Fischer M. P." box="[189,639,712,739]" page="530" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" year="1875">
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<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA429F1C4CEE22C4FD86FD20" authority="Fischer, 1875: 530" authorityName="Fischer" authorityPageNumber="530" authorityYear="1875" box="[189,639,712,739]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="europaea">
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA429F1C4CEE22C4FE62FD20" box="[189,411,713,739]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Dendrina europaea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4DF122C4FD86FD20" author="Fischer" box="[418,639,712,739]" firstAuthor="Fischer" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="530 - 533" refId="ref50553" refString="Fischer M. P. 1875. D'un type de sarcodaires. Journal de Zoologie 4: 530 - 533." type="journal article" year="1875">Fischer, 1875: 530</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. XVI, figs 5–6.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA429F1C4CEE22E1FBAEFCC5" blockId="52.[189,1111,712,845]" box="[189,1111,748,775]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="20C12160BA429F1C4CEE22E1FBAEFCC5" box="[189,1111,748,775]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA429F1C4CEE22E1FC95FCC5" author="Tavernier A. & Golubic S." box="[189,876,748,774]" page="409" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" year="1993">
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<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA429F1C4CEE22E1FC95FCC5" authority="Tavernier & Golubic, 1993: 409" authorityName="Tavernier & Golubic" authorityPageNumber="409" authorityYear="1993" box="[189,876,748,774]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Ostrea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acuminata">
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA429F1C4CEE22E1FE13FCC5" box="[189,490,748,774]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Hyellomorpha acuminata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4DA322E1FC95FCC5" author="Tavernier & Golubic" box="[496,876,748,774]" firstAuthor="Tavernier" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="405 - 414" refId="ref53621" refString="Tavernier A. & Golubic S. 1993. Pliocene microboring assemblages in shells of the Purissima Formation (Capitola, California). Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, Special Volume 1: 405 - 414." type="journal article" year="1993">Tavernier & Golubic, 1993: 409</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA429F1C4F2B22E1FC3EFCC5" box="[888,967,748,774]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">fig. 1A</figureCitation>
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(left), C–D.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA429F1C4CEE2302FBC6FCE9" blockId="52.[189,1111,712,845]" box="[189,1087,783,810]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="20C12160BA429F1C4CEE2302FBC6FCE9" box="[189,1087,783,810]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA429F1C4CEE2302FE47FCEA" box="[189,446,783,809]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="magna">
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA429F1C4CEE2302FE47FCEA" box="[189,446,783,809]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Hyellomorpha magna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(?)
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<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA429F1C4DBF2302FC91FCEA" author="Tavernier A. & Golubic S." box="[492,872,783,809]" page="408" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" year="1993">
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4DBF2302FC91FCEA" author="Tavernier & Golubic" box="[492,872,783,809]" firstAuthor="Tavernier" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="405 - 414" refId="ref53621" refString="Tavernier A. & Golubic S. 1993. Pliocene microboring assemblages in shells of the Purissima Formation (Capitola, California). Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, Special Volume 1: 405 - 414." type="journal article" year="1993">Tavernier & Golubic, 1993: 408</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA429F1C4F272302FC3AFCEA" box="[884,963,783,809]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">fig. 1A</figureCitation>
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(right), B.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA429F1C4CEE233FFC4CFC8F" blockId="52.[189,1111,712,845]" box="[189,949,818,845]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="20C12160BA429F1C4CEE233FFC4CFC8F" box="[189,949,818,845]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA429F1C4CEE233FFD03FC8E" author="Bromley R. G. & Wisshak M. & Glaub I. & Botquelen A." box="[189,762,818,845]" page="518" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" year="2007">
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<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA429F1C4CEE233FFD03FC8E" authority="Bromley et al., 2007: 518" authorityName="Bromley" authorityPageNumber="518" authorityYear="2007" box="[189,762,818,845]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="pulchra">
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA429F1C4CEE233FFE3BFC8F" box="[189,450,818,844]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Semidendrina pulchra</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4D99233FFD03FC8E" author="Bromley" box="[458,762,818,845]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bromley" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="518 - 530" refId="ref49598" refString="Bromley R. G., Wisshak M., Glaub I. & Botquelen A. 2007. Ichnotaxonomic review of dendriniform borings attributed to foraminiferans: Semidendrina igen. nov. In: Miller III W. (ed.) Trace Fossils: Concepts, Problems, Prospects: 518 - 530. Elsevier, Amsterdam. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 044452949 - 7 / 50158 - 3" type="book chapter" year="2007">
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Bromley
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA429F1C4E6B233EFD8AFC8F" box="[568,627,818,844]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2007: 518
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, figs 32.1–32.4.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA429F1C4CEE2379FA8EFC72" blockId="52.[189,1399,883,1614]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="20C12160BA429F1C4CEE2379FBB3FC4D" box="[189,1098,883,910]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA429F1C4CEE2379FE62FC4D" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1875" box="[189,411,884,910]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="europaea">
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA429F1C4CEE2379FE62FC4D" box="[189,411,884,910]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Dendrina europaea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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–
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<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA429F1C4DEB2379FD75FC4D" author="Fischer M. P." box="[440,652,884,910]" page="103" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" year="1876">
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|
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4DEB2379FD75FC4D" author="Fischer" box="[440,652,884,910]" firstAuthor="Fischer" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="103 - 104" refId="ref50574" refString="Fischer M. P. 1876. On the presence in existing seas of a type of Sarcodaria of the secondary formations. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History 17: 103 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937608681910" type="journal article" year="1876">Fischer 1876: 103</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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(English translation of
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4FF22379FBC4FC4D" author="Fischer" box="[929,1085,883,910]" firstAuthor="Fischer" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="530 - 533" refId="ref50553" refString="Fischer M. P. 1875. D'un type de sarcodaires. Journal de Zoologie 4: 530 - 533." type="journal article" year="1875">Fischer 1875</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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Without name – (?)
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<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA429F1C4DFF239AFCF5FC72" author="Bromley R. G. & Surlyk F." box="[428,780,919,945]" page="362" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" year="1973">
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4DFF239AFCF5FC72" author="Bromley & Surlyk" box="[428,780,919,945]" firstAuthor="Bromley" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="349 - 365" refId="ref49551" refString="Bromley R. G. & Surlyk F. 1973. Borings produced by brachiopod pedicles, fossil and Recent. Lethaia 6: 349 - 365. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1502 - 3931.1973. tb 01203. x" type="journal article" year="1973">Bromley & Surlyk 1973: 362</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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, fig. 9A–B. —
|
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4F90239AFA8EFC72" author="Bernard-Dumanois A. & Delance J. - H." box="[963,1399,919,945]" firstAuthor="Bernard-Dumanois" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="419 - 429" refId="ref48782" refString="Bernard-Dumanois A. & Delance J. - H. 1983. Microperforations par algues et champignons sur les coquilles des " Marnes a Ostrea acuminata " (Bajocien superieur) de Bourgogne (France), relations avec le milieu et utilisation paleobathymetrique. Geobios 16: 419 - 429. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0016 - 6995 (83) 80102 - 8" type="journal article" year="1983">Bernard-Dumanois & Delance 1983:</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA429F1C4CB923B7FA8FFB46" blockId="52.[189,1399,883,1614]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
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422, pl. 1,
|
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<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA429F1C4D3B23B7FE31FC17" box="[360,456,954,980]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStartId-0="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionStartId-1="16.[189,232,1576,1602]" captionStartId-2="19.[189,232,1329,1355]" captionStartId-3="21.[189,232,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox-1="[227,1360,264,1538]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1401,267,1277]" captionTargetBox-3="[189,1401,1002,1799]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetId-1="figure@16.[227,1360,231,1538]" captionTargetId-2="figure@19.[189,1401,246,1277]" captionTargetId-3="figure@21.[189,1401,1002,1799]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="19" captionTargetPageId-3="21" captionText-0="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from
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. —
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4DAA23B7FC89FC17" author="Cherchi & Schroeder" box="[505,880,954,980]" firstAuthor="Cherchi" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="111 - 115" refId="ref49914" refString="Cherchi A. & Schroeder R. 1991. Perforations branchues dues a des Foraminiferes cryptobiotiques dans des coquilles actuelles et fossiles. Comptes rendus de l'Academie des Sciences 312: 111 - 115." type="journal article" year="1991">Cherchi & Schroeder 1991: 111</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA429F1C4F2F23B7FC24FC17" box="[892,989,954,980]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStart-5="Fig" captionStartId-0="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionStartId-1="16.[189,232,1576,1602]" captionStartId-2="19.[189,232,1329,1355]" captionStartId-3="21.[189,232,1823,1849]" captionStartId-4="25.[189,232,1718,1744]" captionStartId-5="27.[189,232,1649,1675]" captionTargetBox-1="[227,1360,264,1538]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1401,267,1277]" captionTargetBox-3="[189,1401,1002,1799]" captionTargetBox-4="[189,1401,995,1672]" captionTargetBox-5="[189,1401,962,1622]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetId-1="figure@16.[227,1360,231,1538]" captionTargetId-2="figure@19.[189,1401,246,1277]" captionTargetId-3="figure@21.[189,1401,1002,1799]" captionTargetId-4="figure@25.[189,1401,995,1672]" captionTargetId-5="figure@27.[189,1401,962,1622]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="19" captionTargetPageId-3="21" captionTargetPageId-4="25" captionTargetPageId-5="27" captionText-0="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connect
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.
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="20C12160BA429F1C4CEE23D3FB18FC34" box="[189,1249,989,1016]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA429F1C4CEE23D3FE51FC34" box="[189,424,989,1016]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA429F1C4CEE23D3FE51FC34" box="[189,424,989,1016]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Gomontia polyrhiza</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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– (?)
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<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA429F1C4DBE23D0FCFCFC3B" box="[493,773,989,1016]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4DBE23D0FCFCFC3B" author="Boekschoten" box="[493,773,989,1016]" firstAuthor="Boekschoten" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="333 - 379" refId="ref49168" refString="Boekschoten G. J. 1966. Shell borings of sessile epibiontic organisms as palaeoecological guides (with examples from the Dutch coast). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2: 333 - 379. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0031 - 0182 (66) 90023 - X" type="journal article" year="1966">Boekschoten 1966: 345</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 3. —
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<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA429F1C4FD323D0FBB6FC34" box="[896,1103,989,1016]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4FD323D0FBB6FC34" author="Higazi" box="[896,1103,989,1016]" firstAuthor="Higazi" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="127 - 159" refId="ref51397" refString="Higazi F. 1985. Kleinfaunen aus dem Oberjura des spanischen Keltiberikums mit spezieller Berucksichtigung der Palaookologie. Arbeiten aus dem Institut fur Geologie und Palaontologie der Universitat Stuttgart, Neue Folge 82: 127 - 159." type="journal article" year="1985">Higazi 1985: 146</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 2,
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<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA429F1C48CD23D0FB22FC34" box="[1182,1243,989,1015]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">fig. 1</figureCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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Morfotipo B
|
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<subScript id="9C55040BBA429F1C4D03241FFEA0FBE3" attach="left" box="[336,345,1042,1056]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">5</subScript>
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–
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4D25240DFDA3FBD9" author="Mayoral" box="[374,602,1024,1051]" firstAuthor="Mayoral" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="301 - 316" refId="ref52261" refString="Mayoral E. 1988. Microperforaciones (Tallophyta) sobre Bivalvia del Plioceno del Bajo Guadalquivir. Importancia paleoecologica. Estudios Geologicos 44: 301 - 316." type="journal article" year="1988">Mayoral 1988: 306</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 2,
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<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA429F1C4EFA240DFD1CFBD8" box="[681,741,1024,1051]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">fig. 1</figureCitation>
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, text-fig. 2.1. J-Form C-1 –
|
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4D312429FDD2FBFD" author="Glaub" box="[354,555,1059,1086]" firstAuthor="Glaub" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="135 - 164" refId="ref50916" refString="Glaub I. 1988. Mikrobohrspuren in verschiedenen Faziesbereichen des Oberjura Westeuropas (vorlaufige Mitteilungen). Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen 177: 135 - 164." type="journal article" year="1988">Glaub 1988: 150</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 2C.
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="20C12160BA429F1C4CEE244AFA8FFB46" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA429F1C4CEE244AFED4FBA2" authorityName="Quenstedt" authorityYear="1849" box="[189,301,1095,1121]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA429F1C4CEE244AFED4FBA2" box="[189,301,1095,1121]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Dendrina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. – (?)
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<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA429F1C4DC8244AFD10FBA1" box="[411,745,1095,1122]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4DC8244AFD10FBA1" author="Powers & Ausich" box="[411,745,1095,1122]" firstAuthor="Powers" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="245 - 265" refId="ref52658" refString="Powers B. G. & Ausich W. I. 1990. Epizoan associations in a lower Mississippian paleocommunity (Borden Group, Indiana, USA). Historical Biology 4: 245 - 265." type="journal article" year="1990">Powers & Ausich 1990: 235</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, Fig. 5.1.
|
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<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA429F1C4CEE2467FE3EFB47" ID-CoL="82MNG" box="[189,455,1130,1156]" class="Monothalamea" family="Astrorhizidae" genus="Globodendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="monile">
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA429F1C4CEE2467FE3EFB47" box="[189,455,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Globodendrina monile</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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–
|
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<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA429F1C4DB72467FD43FB47" box="[484,698,1130,1156]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4DB72467FD43FB47" author="Plewes" box="[484,698,1130,1156]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Plewes" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="83 - 89" refId="ref52576" refString="Plewes C. R., Palmer T. & Haynes J. 1993. A boring foraminiferan from the Upper Jurassic of England and Northern France. Journal of Micropalaeontology 12: 83 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / jm. 12.1.83" type="journal article" year="1993">
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Plewes
|
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA429F1C4E6D2466FD81FB47" box="[574,632,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
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1993
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(partim): 83, pl. 1, figs 4–8 (non
|
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<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA429F1C486C2467FB82FB47" box="[1087,1147,1130,1156]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">fig. 1</figureCitation>
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or pl. 1,
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<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA429F1C48B72467FABAFB47" box="[1252,1347,1130,1156]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionStartId-1="16.[189,232,1576,1602]" captionStartId-2="19.[189,232,1329,1355]" captionTargetBox-1="[227,1360,264,1538]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1401,267,1277]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetId-1="figure@16.[227,1360,231,1538]" captionTargetId-2="figure@19.[189,1401,246,1277]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="19" captionText-0="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839862" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839864" httpU
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). —
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA429F1C4CB92480FA8EFAB8" blockId="52.[189,1399,883,1614]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA429F1C4CB92480FE45FB64" box="[234,444,1165,1191]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4CB92480FE45FB64" author="Plewes" box="[234,444,1165,1191]" firstAuthor="Plewes" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref52551" refString="Plewes C. R. 1996. Ichnotaxonomic Studies of Jurassic Endoliths. Unpublished PhD Thesis. University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK." type="book" year="1996">Plewes 1996: 180</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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, pl. 29, figs 3–8, pl. 40. —
|
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<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA429F1C4EA02480FC1AFB64" box="[755,995,1165,1191]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4EA02480FC1AFB64" author="Kaminski" box="[755,995,1165,1191]" firstAuthor="Kaminski" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="185 - 219" refId="ref51687" refString="Kaminski M. A. 2001. The new and reinstated genera of agglutinated foraminifera published between 1986 and 1996. In: Hart M. B., Kaminski M. A. & Smart C. W. (eds) Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Agglutinated Foraminifera. Grzybowski Foundation Special Publication 7: 185 - 219." type="journal article" year="2001">Kaminski 2001: 189</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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, fig. 11. —
|
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<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA429F1C483B2480FAE6FB64" box="[1128,1311,1165,1191]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C483B2480FAE6FB64" author="Glaub" box="[1128,1311,1165,1191]" firstAuthor="Glaub" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="63 - 77" refId="ref50977" refString="Glaub I. 2004. Recent and sub-recent microborings from the upwelling area off Mauritania (West Africa) and their implications for palaeoecology. In: McIlroy D. (ed.) The Application of Ichnology to Palaeoenvironmental and Stratigraphic Analysis: 63 - 77. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 228." type="journal article" year="2004">Glaub 2004: 71</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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, fig.
|
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<specimenCount id="16D7CDC7BA429F1C49042480FA8EFB64" box="[1367,1399,1165,1191]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="generic">4f.</specimenCount>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="20C12160BA429F1C4CEE24BDFCBDFB08" box="[189,836,1200,1227]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA429F1C4CEE24BDFEF4FB09" authorityName="Grant" authorityYear="1826" box="[189,269,1200,1226]" class="Gastropoda" family="Clionidae" genus="Cliona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pteropoda" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA429F1C4CEE24BDFEF4FB09" box="[189,269,1200,1226]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Cliona</emphasis>
|
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
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sp. 1 –
|
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|
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA429F1C4D3A24BDFD21FB08" box="[361,728,1200,1227]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
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|
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4D3A24BDFD21FB08" author="Schmidt & Freiwald" box="[361,728,1200,1227]" firstAuthor="Schmidt" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="149 - 155" refId="ref53148" refString="Schmidt H. & Freiwald A. 1993. Rezente gesteinsbohrende Kleinorganismen des norwegischen Schelfs. Natur und Museum 123: 149 - 155." type="journal article" year="1993">Schmidt & Freiwald 1993: 151</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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, fig. 10a.
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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|
Semidendrina-Form –
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4D9424D9FD76FB2D" author="Glaub I." box="[455,655,1236,1262]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 324" refId="ref50947" refString="Glaub I. 1994. Mikrobohrspuren in ausgewahlten Ablagerungsraumen des europaischen Jura und der Unterkreide (Klassifikation und Palokologie). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 174: 1 - 324." type="journal article" year="1994">Glaub 1994: 129</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
, pl. 11,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA429F1C4EB824D9FCB2FB2D" box="[747,843,1236,1262]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStartId-0="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionStartId-1="16.[189,232,1576,1602]" captionStartId-2="19.[189,232,1329,1355]" captionStartId-3="21.[189,232,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox-1="[227,1360,264,1538]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1401,267,1277]" captionTargetBox-3="[189,1401,1002,1799]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetId-1="figure@16.[227,1360,231,1538]" captionTargetId-2="figure@19.[189,1401,246,1277]" captionTargetId-3="figure@21.[189,1401,1002,1799]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="19" captionTargetPageId-3="21" captionText-0="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite fro
|
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.
|
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="20C12160BA429F1C4CEE24FAFCD1FA9B" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
|||
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|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA429F1C4CEE24FAFE89FAD2" ID-CoL="7ZV9H" box="[189,368,1271,1297]" class="Monothalamea" family="Astrorhizidae" genus="Globodendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA429F1C4CEE24FAFE89FAD2" box="[189,368,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Globodendrina</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
–
|
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|
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA429F1C4DDE24FAFD07FAD2" box="[397,766,1271,1297]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4DDE24FAFD07FAD2" author="Vogel & Marincovich" box="[397,766,1271,1297]" firstAuthor="Vogel" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref54329" refString="Vogel K. & Marincovich L. 2004. Paleobathymetric implications of microborings in Tertiary strata of Alaska, USA. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 206: 1 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. palaeo. 2003.12.017" type="journal article" year="2004">Vogel & Marincovich 2004: 12</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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|
, fig. 4/2.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA429F1C4CEE2517FE89FAF7" ID-CoL="7ZV9H" box="[189,368,1306,1332]" class="Monothalamea" family="Astrorhizidae" genus="Globodendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA429F1C4CEE2517FE89FAF7" box="[189,368,1306,1332]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Globodendrina</emphasis>
|
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
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sp. –
|
|||
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<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA429F1C4DE52517FD2FFAF7" box="[438,726,1306,1332]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
|||
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4DE52517FD2FFAF7" author="Vogel & Glaub" box="[438,726,1306,1332]" firstAuthor="Vogel" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref54329" refString="Vogel K. & Marincovich L. 2004. Paleobathymetric implications of microborings in Tertiary strata of Alaska, USA. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 206: 1 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. palaeo. 2003.12.017" type="journal article" year="2004">Vogel & Glaub 2004: 11</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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|
, fig. 14.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA429F1C4CEE2530FE3DFA94" authorityName="Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[189,452,1341,1367]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="incomposita">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA429F1C4CEE2530FE3DFA94" box="[189,452,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Dendrina incomposita</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
|||
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– (?)
|
|||
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<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA429F1C4E5A2530FD21FA94" box="[521,728,1341,1367]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4E5A2530FD21FA94" author="Kost'ak" box="[521,728,1341,1367]" firstAuthor="Kost'ak" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref51968" refString="Kost'ak M. 2004. Short ichnofossil synopsis in Upper Cretaceous belemnite family Belemnitellidae from central and eastern Europe. In: Mikulas R. (ed.) Abstract Book, 4 th international bioerosion workshop, Prague, August 30 - September 3, 2004. Institute of Geology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague." type="book" year="2004">Košt’ák 2004: 32</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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, fig. 7.
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA429F1C4CEE256DFE99FAB9" box="[189,352,1376,1402]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Semidendrina</emphasis>
|
|||
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|
-form –
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4D93256DFD0BFAB8" author="Wisshak" box="[448,754,1376,1403]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wisshak" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="93 - 117" refId="ref55119" refString="Wisshak M., Gektidis M., Freiwald A. & Lundalv T. 2005 b. Bioerosion along a bathymetric gradient in a cold-temperate setting (Kosterfjord, SW Sweden): an experimental study. Facies 51: 93 - 117. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10347 - 005 - 0009 - 1" type="journal article" year="2005" yearSuffix="b">
|
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|
Wisshak
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA429F1C4E78256CFD9FFAB9" box="[555,614,1376,1402]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
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|
2005b: 111
|
|||
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|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
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|
, fig. 14B. —
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4FC2256DFB80FAB9" author="Bromley" box="[913,1145,1376,1403]" firstAuthor="Bromley" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="895 - 914" refId="ref49402" refString="Bromley R. G. 2005. Preliminary study of bioerosion in the deep-water coral Lophelia, Pleistocene, Rhodes, Greece. In: Freiwald A. & Roberts J. M. (eds) Cold-Water Corals and Ecosystems: 895 - 914. Springer, Heidelberg. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 3 - 540 - 27673 - 4 _ 46" type="book chapter" year="2005">Bromley 2005: 906</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
, fig. 9. —
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C48A7256DFA8EFAB8" author="Wisshak M. & Ruggeberg A." box="[1268,1399,1376,1403]" firstAuthor="Wisshak" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref54984" refString="Wisshak M. & Ruggeberg A. 2006. Colonisation and bioerosion of experimental substrates by benthic foraminiferans from euphotic to aphotic depths (Kosterfjord, SW Sweden). Facies 52: 1 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10347 - 005 - 0033 - 1" type="journal article" year="2006">Wisshak &</bibRefCitation>
|
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</paragraph>
|
|||
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|
<paragraph id="006E064EBA429F1C4CB92589FA8FFA27" blockId="52.[189,1399,883,1614]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
|||
|
|
Rüggeberg 2006: 6, fig. 4F–H. —
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4E2E2589FCDAFA5D" author="Wisshak M." box="[637,803,1412,1438]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref54817" refString="Wisshak M. 2006. High-Latitude Bioerosion: The Kosterfjord Experiment. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences 109. Springer, Heidelberg. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 540 - 36849 - 6" type="book" year="2006">Wisshak 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
(partim): 91, figs 24, 25F–H.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA429F1C4CEE25AAFE99FA02" box="[189,352,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Semidendrina</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Form –
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4D9725AAFCE4FA02" author="Beuck & Freiwald" box="[452,797,1447,1474]" firstAuthor="Beuck" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="915 - 936" refId="ref48968" refString="Beuck L. & Freiwald A. 2005. Bioerosion patterns in a deep-water Lophelia pertusa (Scleractinian) thicket (Propeller Mound, northern Porcupine Seabight). In: Freiwald A. & Roberts J. M. (eds) Cold- Water Corals and Ecosystems: 915 - 936. Springer, Heidelberg. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 3 - 540 - 27673 - 4 _ 47" type="book chapter" year="2005">Beuck & Freiwald 2005: 926</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
, fig. 5A–B.
|
|||
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="20C12160BA429F1C4CEE25C7FA8FFA27" box="[189,1398,1482,1509]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA429F1C4CEE25C7FE3FFA27" box="[189,454,1482,1508]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA429F1C4CEE25C7FE3FFA27" box="[189,454,1482,1508]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Semidendrina pulchra</emphasis>
|
|||
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</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
–
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA429F1C4DB925C7FD2FFA26" box="[490,726,1482,1509]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4DB925C7FD2FFA26" author="Wisshak M." box="[490,726,1482,1509]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="213 - 233" refId="ref54858" refString="Wisshak M. 2008. Two new dwarf Entobia ichnospecies in a diverse aphotic ichnocoenosis (Pleistocene / Rhodes, Greece). In: Wisshak M. & Tapanila L. (eds) Current Developments in Bioerosion: 213 - 233. Springer, Heidelberg. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 540 - 77598 - 0 _ 11" type="book chapter" year="2008">Wisshak 2008: 215</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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|
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,
|
|||
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|
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA429F1C4EB625C7FCB9FA27" box="[741,832,1482,1508]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">figs 1A</figureCitation>
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, 2A. —
|
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<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA429F1C4FFC25C7FB8BFA26" box="[943,1138,1482,1509]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4FFC25C7FB8BFA26" author="Beuck" box="[943,1138,1482,1509]" firstAuthor="Beuck" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref48938" refString="Beuck L. 2008. Framework-Building Cold-Water Coral Ecosystem Characterisation: Key Studies from Macro- to Micro-Scale. Unpublished Diploma Thesis. Friedrich-Alexander Universitat, Erlangen- Nurnberg, Germany." type="book" year="2008">Beuck 2008: 57</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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, 72, figs 2.3.1.6A–B,
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA429F1C4CB925E0FA8FF9C4" blockId="52.[189,1399,883,1614]" box="[234,1398,1517,1544]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
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2.3.1.14A–B. —
|
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<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA429F1C4DE625E0FD3AF9C4" box="[437,707,1517,1543]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4DE625E0FD3AF9C4" author="Beuck" box="[437,707,1517,1543]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Beuck" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="458 - 470" refId="ref49043" refString="Beuck L., Freiwald A. & Taviani M. 2010. Spatiotemporal bioerosion patterns in deep-water scleractinians from off Santa Maria di Leuca (Apulia, Ionian Sea). Deep-Sea Research II 57: 458 - 470. https: // doi. org / doi: 10.1016 / j. dsr 2.2009.08.019" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
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|
Beuck
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA429F1C4E5425E3FDBBF9C4" box="[519,578,1517,1543]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
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2010: 467
|
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 6A–B. —
|
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<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA429F1C4F2525E0FB62F9CB" box="[886,1179,1517,1544]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
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|
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4F2525E0FB62F9CB" author="Wisshak" box="[886,1179,1517,1544]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wisshak" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="492 - 520" refId="ref55259" refString="Wisshak M., Tribollet A., Golubic S., Jakobsen J. & Freiwald A. 2011. Temperate bioerosion: ichnodiversity and biodiversity from intertidal to bathyal depths (Azores). Geobiology 9: 492 - 520. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1472 - 4669.2011.00299. x" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
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Wisshak
|
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA429F1C4FB225E3FBE5F9C4" box="[993,1052,1517,1543]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
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2011: 505
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, fig. 7C. —
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA429F1C497925E0FA8FF9C4" box="[1322,1398,1517,1543]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C497925E0FA8FF9C4" author="Taylor P. D. & Barnbrook J. A. & Sendino C." box="[1322,1398,1517,1543]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Taylor" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="227 - 245" refId="ref53716" refString="Taylor P. D., Barnbrook J. A. & Sendino C. 2013. Endolithic biota of belemnites from the Early Cretaceous Speeton Clay Formation of North Yorkshire, UK. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 59: 227 - 245. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / pygs 2013 - 336" type="journal article" year="2013">Taylor</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="006E064EBA429F1C4CB9261CFBBFF98D" blockId="52.[189,1399,883,1614]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA429F1C4CB9261CFEDDF9E9" box="[234,292,1552,1578]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2013: 234, fig. 13. —
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA429F1C4E7B261DFCD8F9E8" box="[552,801,1552,1579]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4E7B261DFCD8F9E8" author="Farber" box="[552,801,1552,1579]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Farber" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="0126495" refId="ref50458" refString="Farber C., Wisshak M., Pyko I., Bellou N. & Freiwald A. 2015. Effects of water depth, seasonal exposure, and substrate orientation on microbial bioerosion in the Ionian Sea (Eastern Mediterranean). PLoS One 10: e 0126495. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0126495" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
|||
|
|
Färber
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA429F1C4E28261CFD4CF9E9" box="[635,693,1552,1578]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2015: 10
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
/23, fig. 7G. —
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA429F1C4F85261CFB2EF9E8" box="[982,1239,1552,1579]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4F85261CFB2EF9E8" author="Seuss" box="[982,1239,1552,1579]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Seuss" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="125558" refId="ref53222" refString="Seuss B., Wisshak M., Mapes R. H. & Landman N. H. 2015. Syn-vivo bioerosion of Nautilus by endo- and epilithic foraminiferans (New Caledonia and Vanuatu). PLoS One 10: e 125558. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0125558" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
|||
|
|
Seuss
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA429F1C484C261CFBA0F9E9" box="[1055,1113,1552,1578]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2015: 509
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, figs 5F, 6I–J.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA429F1C4CEE2639FE99F98D" box="[189,352,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Semidendrina</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
-form /
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA429F1C4DE12639FDACF98D" box="[434,597,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Semidendrina</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
isp. – (?)
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4E982639FC18F98D" author="Pereira" box="[715,993,1587,1614]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pereira" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="327 - 338" refId="ref52470" refString="Pereira S., Mocho P. & Lourenco J. 2009. Bioerosion on Megacardita jouanetti (Bivalvia) from the Miocene of Foz do Rego (Costa de Caparica, Portugal). Paleolusitana 1: 327 - 338." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
|||
|
|
Pereira
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA429F1C4F752638FC99F98D" box="[806,864,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2009: 335
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, fig. 5.3.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="006E064EBA429F1C4CEE267BFAC3F953" blockId="52.[189,1338,1653,1680]" box="[189,1338,1653,1680]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20C12160BA429F1C4CEE267BFAC3F953" box="[189,1338,1653,1680]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
|||
|
|
non?
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA429F1C4CAE2678FDFAF94C" box="[253,515,1653,1679]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA429F1C4CAE2678FDFAF94C" box="[253,515,1653,1679]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Semidendrina pulchra</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
–
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA429F1C4E732678FCCEF94C" box="[544,823,1653,1679]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA429F1C4E732678FCCEF94C" author="Wisshak" box="[544,823,1653,1679]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wisshak" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="21 - 54" refId="ref55181" refString="Wisshak M., Seuss B. & Nutzel A. 2008. Evolutionary implications of an exceptionally preserved Carboniferous microboring assemblage in the Buckhorn Asphalt lagerstatte (Oklahoma, USA). In: Wisshak M. & Tapanila L. (eds) Current Developments in Bioerosion: 21 - 54. Springer, Heidelberg. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 540 - 77598 - 0 _ 2" type="book chapter" year="2008">
|
|||
|
|
Wisshak
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA429F1C4ED8267BFD3FF94C" box="[651,710,1653,1679]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2008: 43
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, fig 9C–E (=
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA429F1C4F862678FB46F94C" box="[981,1215,1653,1679]" class="Hexactinellida" genus="Pyritonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="belua" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA429F1C4F862678FB46F94C" box="[981,1215,1653,1679]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Pyrodendrina belua</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="29966727BA429F1C48942678FAD7F953" box="[1223,1326,1653,1680]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">isp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA429F1C4CEE26BBFB22F876" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="diagnosis">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="006E064EBA429F1C4CEE26BBFE5BF913" blockId="52.[189,418,1718,1744]" box="[189,418,1718,1744]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="5B26B122BA429F1C4CEE26BBFE5BF913" bold="true" box="[189,418,1718,1744]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="3">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA429F1C4CEE26BBFE5BF913" bold="true" box="[189,418,1718,1744]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Original diagnosis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="006E064EBA429F1C4CEE26E8FF19F93C" blockId="52.[189,224,1765,1791]" box="[189,224,1765,1791]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">n/a</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="006E064EBA429F1C4CEE272AFE56F883" blockId="52.[189,431,1830,1857]" box="[189,431,1830,1857]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="5B26B122BA429F1C4CEE272AFE56F883" bold="true" box="[189,431,1830,1857]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="3">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA429F1C4CEE272AFE56F883" bold="true" box="[189,431,1830,1857]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Emended diagnosis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="006E064EBA429F1C4CEE275BFB22F876" blockId="52.[189,1399,1877,1974]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">From one side of a large and vertically oriented node below the point of entry, a single fan-shaped plexus of branching and anastomosing galleries emerges, connected to the substrate surface by very thin apophyses, increasing in number towards the periphery. Surface texture irregular to spiny.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA439F1D4CEE2106FEB4F880" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="description">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="006E064EBA439F1D4CEE2106FE43FEE6" blockId="53.[189,442,267,293]" box="[189,442,267,293]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="5B26B122BA439F1D4CEE2106FE43FEE6" bold="true" box="[189,442,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" reason="3">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA439F1D4CEE2106FE43FEE6" bold="true" box="[189,442,267,293]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Original description</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="006E064EBA439F1D4CEE2134FD79FC69" blockId="53.[189,1399,313,938]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
|||
|
|
If we examine with a lens the outer surface of some coloured shells (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA439F1D4F9C2137FBE6FE90" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1776" box="[975,1055,314,339]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pectinidae" genus="Pecten" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinoida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA439F1D4F9C2137FBE6FE90" box="[975,1055,314,339]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Pecten</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, for example), small, opaque, irregular, lobulated whitish spots may be observed, these are
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA439F1D4FC22150FBF8FEB4" authorityName="Quenstedt" authorityYear="1849" box="[913,1025,349,375]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA439F1D4FC22150FBF8FEB4" box="[913,1025,349,375]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Dendrina</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. A rounded orifice terminates a tolerably wide oblique canal, and forms a communication between the exterior and the cavity of the perforating animal. The orifice is single, and resembles the large oscula or efferent apertures of the
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA439F1D4CEE21CBFEEBFE23" box="[189,274,454,480]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Clionae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, the lobules also are probably in communication with the ambient liquids by exceedingly delicate canals starting from their periphery, a certain number of which open at the surface of the perforated shells. […] In thin plates of shells the perforations of the
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA439F1D4F092200FC36FDE4" box="[858,975,525,551]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Dendrinae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
are seen to be composed of more or less numerous irregularly branched vacuoles, which are inflated here and there, but retain throughout a pretty wide diameter. The youngest are ovoid or lageniform. Although the size of the
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA439F1D48B0225EFAA1FDAE" box="[1251,1368,595,621]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Dendrinae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
is variable, it is rare for an individual from the French coast (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA439F1D4F3F227BFB59FD52" authority=", Fisch." authorityName="Fisch." box="[876,1184,630,657]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="europaea">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA439F1D4F3F227BFBB3FD53" box="[876,1098,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Dendrina europaea</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, Fisch.
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
) to attain
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="C729ABABBA439F1D4945227BFA8BFD52" box="[1302,1394,630,657]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, generally the maximum diameter is
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="C729ABABBA439F1D4E312294FD08FD77" box="[610,753,665,692]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.499999999999999" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.6499999999999999" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.7 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
. The large osculum measures
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="C729ABABBA439F1D48032297FB42FD77" box="[1104,1211,666,692]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.07">0.07 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, and the lobules vary between 0.06 and
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="C729ABABBA439F1D4D8122B0FDC2FD14" box="[466,571,701,727]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.08">0.08 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
in diameter. […] When a
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA439F1D4F2022B0FC1AFD14" authorityName="Quenstedt" authorityYear="1849" box="[883,995,701,727]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA439F1D4F2022B0FC1AFD14" box="[883,995,701,727]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Dendrina</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is highly magnified, a quantity of minute canals are seen to start from the periphery of the lobules and penetrate the perforated shell in all directions. These canaliculi are cylindrical, rectilinear, slightly dilated near their point of emergence, truncated at their extremities. Sometimes some are a little wider than the others, or slightly curved. Each canaliculus seems to have a distinct origin, there are no anastomoses or bifurcations […]. Their length is from
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="C729ABABBA439F1D4D392360FDD6FC44" box="[362,559,876,903]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.045" valueMax="0.06" valueMin="0.03">0.03 to 0.06 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, and their diameter from
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="C729ABABBA439F1D4F0A2360FBA0FC44" box="[857,1113,876,903]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.00125" valueMax="0.0015" valueMin="0.001">0.0010 to 0.0015 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
. [Translation of original description by Fischer himself (1876)]
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="006E064EBA439F1D4CEE23DCFDE8FC28" blockId="53.[189,529,977,1003]" box="[189,529,977,1003]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="5B26B122BA439F1D4CEE23DCFDE8FC28" bold="true" box="[189,529,977,1003]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" reason="3">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA439F1D4CEE23DCFDE8FC28" bold="true" box="[189,529,977,1003]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Supplementary description</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="006E064EBA439F1D4CEE240DFEB4F880" blockId="53.[189,1399,1024,1859]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
|||
|
|
In their detailed investigation of this trace, addressed as the junior synonym
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA439F1D4835240DFAF0FBD9" box="[1126,1289,1024,1050]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Semidendrina</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA439F1D4947240DFE43FBFE" authority=", Bromley et al. (2007)" authorityName="Bromley" authorityYear="2007" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA439F1D4947240DFA96FBD9" box="[1300,1391,1024,1050]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">pulchra</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA439F1D4CEE242EFE43FBFE" author="Bromley" box="[189,442,1059,1085]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bromley" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="518 - 530" refId="ref49598" refString="Bromley R. G., Wisshak M., Glaub I. & Botquelen A. 2007. Ichnotaxonomic review of dendriniform borings attributed to foraminiferans: Semidendrina igen. nov. In: Miller III W. (ed.) Trace Fossils: Concepts, Problems, Prospects: 518 - 530. Elsevier, Amsterdam. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 044452949 - 7 / 50158 - 3" type="book chapter" year="2007">
|
|||
|
|
Bromley
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA439F1D4D782429FE9CFBFE" box="[299,357,1059,1085]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(2007)
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
gave the following complementing description, based on SEM analyses of epoxy resin casts: “The dendritic boring comprises two parts: a single, main chamber (c.
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="C729ABABBA439F1D4826244BFB02FBA2" box="[1141,1275,1094,1121]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="100.0" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="50.0">50–150 µm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
wide) that gives issue to a plexus of finer, branching and anastomosing galleries. The main chamber has a single aperture to the surface,
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="C729ABABBA439F1D4D842481FDA8FB64" box="[471,593,1164,1191]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="45.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="30.0">30–60 µm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
wide. The main chamber is usually connected with the plexus by a single tunnel. This tunnel is either in the size range of the plexus tunnels or up to
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="C729ABABBA439F1D48C024BDFB1BFB09" box="[1171,1250,1200,1227]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 µm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
in diameter. Rarely, two or three such tunnels run parallel between the main chamber and the plexus. The shape of the main chamber is variable, ranging from globular to narrow cylindrical, including intermediate forms. Globular chambers commonly have a rather smooth surface whereas narrow cylindrical chambers are commonly heavily ornamented, having an irregular, verrucose surface sculpture with stubby protrusions. The fan-like plexus commonly spreads to cover a half circle around the main chamber, but in well-grown individuals the plexus may exceed a semicircle. The galleries of the plexus display variable diameters ranging from
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="C729ABABBA439F1D4D3225ABFE25FA02" box="[353,476,1446,1473]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="15.0">15–30 µm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
and vary from almost non-camerate to distinctly swollen as round chambers. Their cross section is usually irregular and not circular as is common for other microborings. The plexus of galleries is generally covered with a variable density of small, hirsute, brush-like apophyses, giving it a finely spinose appearance. These apophyses are most strongly developed at the distal terminations of the galleries, i.e., especially around the perimeter of the boring, and are most densely developed on the surface of the plexus that faces the substrate surface. The plexus is thereby connected to the surface by innumerable slender apophyses having a diameter of <
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="C729ABABBA439F1D4F202674FC4CF957" box="[883,949,1657,1684]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 µm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
. The plexus lies up to
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="C729ABABBA439F1D48962674FAEAF957" box="[1221,1299,1657,1684]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 µm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
beneath the substrate surface, but this distance diminishes distally. Same galleries show slightly tapering ends. Galleries may fuse together, thereby changing the plexus into a flat, palmate boring. Hair-like extensions on the main chamber, where they occur, are never as long as those on the plexus galleries. In some cases the main chamber surface texture reflects the substrate ultrastructure, taking on a foreign sculpture or xenoglyph.”
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA439F1F4CEE2766FD2FFE8A" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="materials_examined">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="006E064EBA439F1D4CEE2766FD8AF846" blockId="53.[189,627,1899,1925]" box="[189,627,1899,1925]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="5B26B122BA439F1D4CEE2766FD8AF846" bold="true" box="[189,627,1899,1925]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" reason="3">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA439F1D4CEE2766FD8AF846" bold="true" box="[189,627,1899,1925]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA439F1D4CEE2766FF03F846" box="[189,250,1899,1925]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
material, locality and horizon
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="006E064EBA439F1D4CEE2794FA8FF814" blockId="53.[189,1398,1945,2007]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
|||
|
|
The hereby designated
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA439F1D4DBF2797FDB0F877" box="[492,585,1946,1972]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
(= former
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA439F1D4EBB2794FCB6F870" box="[744,847,1945,1971]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
of junior synonym
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA439F1D480C2794FA97F870" box="[1119,1390,1945,1971]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
|||
|
|
Semidendrina
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA439F1D49402794FA97F870" box="[1299,1390,1945,1971]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="species" species="pulchra">pulchra</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA439F1D4CEE27B1FEE8F814" box="[189,273,1980,2007]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="54.[189,232,1751,1777]" captionTargetBox="[192,1399,266,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[189,1399,246,1727]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Fig. 19. Nododendrina europaea (Fischer, 1875). A–B. Original illustrations of the trace as observed in a transparent shell of the bivalve Pecten opercularis (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Gulf of Gascogne, France (reproduced from Fischer 1875: pl. XVI, figs 5–6; no scale). C–E. SEM overview and close-up of the neotype (= holotype of the junior synonym Semidendrina pulchra Bromley et al., 2007) in an epoxy cast of an Upper Jurassic Lopha shell from Villers-sur-Mer, France. F. SEM of an ontogenetic series as recorded in an epoxy cast of a bivalve shell that was exposed for two years at a depth of 15 m in the Kosterfjord, Sweden (modified from Wisshak 2006)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839897/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
C–E) is cast in epoxy from a
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA439F1D4E2D27B0FD30F814" box="[638,713,1981,2007]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Lopha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA439F1D4E2D27B0FD30F814" box="[638,713,1981,2007]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lopha</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
sp. bivalve shell from Villers-sur-Mer,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA439F1D48FA27B0FB04F814" box="[1193,1277,1981,2007]" name="France" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">France</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
; Argiles à
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="54AE56C6BA409F1E4CEE26DAFC88F805" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839897" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3839897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839897/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" startId="54.[189,232,1751,1777]" targetBox="[192,1399,266,1718]" targetPageId="54">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="006E064EBA409F1E4CEE26DAFC88F805" blockId="54.[189,1399,1751,1990]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA409F1E4CEE26DAFEE2F932" bold="true" box="[189,283,1751,1777]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 19.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA409F1E4D7726DAFCFFF931" authority="(Fischer, 1875)" authorityName="Wisshak" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[292,774,1751,1778]" class="Monothalamea" family="Astrorhizidae" genus="Nododendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="europaea">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA409F1E4D7726DAFDBCF932" box="[292,581,1751,1777]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Nododendrina europaea</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA409F1E4E0526DAFD04F931" author="Fischer" box="[598,765,1751,1778]" firstAuthor="Fischer" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="530 - 533" refId="ref50553" refString="Fischer M. P. 1875. D'un type de sarcodaires. Journal de Zoologie 4: 530 - 533." type="journal article" year="1875">Fischer, 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA409F1E4F4026DAFCB3F932" bold="true" box="[787,842,1751,1777]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">A–B</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Original illustrations of the trace as observed in a transparent shell of the bivalve
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA409F1E4E3C26F1FBD8F8D6" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[623,1057,1786,1813]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pectinidae" genus="Pecten" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinoida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="opercularis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA409F1E4E3C26F1FCB7F8D6" box="[623,846,1787,1813]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Pecten opercularis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
from the Gulf of Gascogne, France (reproduced from
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA409F1E4DB92713FD7EF8FA" author="Fischer" box="[490,647,1822,1849]" firstAuthor="Fischer" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="530 - 533" refId="ref50553" refString="Fischer M. P. 1875. D'un type de sarcodaires. Journal de Zoologie 4: 530 - 533." type="journal article" year="1875">Fischer 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
: pl. XVI, figs 5–6; no scale).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA409F1E4FB12713FBE0F8FB" bold="true" box="[994,1049,1822,1848]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C–E</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. SEM overview and close-up of the neotype (= holotype of the junior synonym
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA409F1E4F4F274CFC46F898" box="[796,959,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Semidendrina</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA409F1E4F9A274CFAD1F898" authority="Bromley et al., 2007" authorityName="Bromley" authorityYear="2007" box="[969,1320,1857,1884]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA409F1E4F9A274CFBDDF898" box="[969,1060,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">pulchra</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA409F1E487D274CFAD1F898" author="Bromley" box="[1070,1320,1857,1884]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bromley" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="518 - 530" refId="ref49598" refString="Bromley R. G., Wisshak M., Glaub I. & Botquelen A. 2007. Ichnotaxonomic review of dendriniform borings attributed to foraminiferans: Semidendrina igen. nov. In: Miller III W. (ed.) Trace Fossils: Concepts, Problems, Prospects: 518 - 530. Elsevier, Amsterdam. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 044452949 - 7 / 50158 - 3" type="book chapter" year="2007">
|
|||
|
|
Bromley
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA409F1E48CD274FFB22F898" box="[1182,1243,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, 2007
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
) in an epoxy cast of an Upper Jurassic
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA409F1E4E172769FD76F8BD" box="[580,655,1892,1918]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Lopha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA409F1E4E172769FD76F8BD" box="[580,655,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Lopha</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
shell from Villers-sur-Mer, France.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA409F1E486C2769FBA8F8BD" bold="true" box="[1087,1105,1892,1918]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">F</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. SEM of an ontogenetic series as recorded in an epoxy cast of a bivalve shell that was exposed for two years at a depth of 15 m in the Kosterfjord, Sweden (modified from
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA409F1E4EE927A6FC9CF805" author="Wisshak M." box="[698,869,1963,1990]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref54817" refString="Wisshak M. 2006. High-Latitude Bioerosion: The Kosterfjord Experiment. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences 109. Springer, Heidelberg. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 540 - 36849 - 6" type="book" year="2006">Wisshak 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="006E064EBA419F1F4CEE2106FD2FFE8A" blockId="55.[189,1398,267,329]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA419F1F4CEE2106FDFEFEE6" authority=", Oxfordian" authorityName="Oxfordian" box="[189,519,267,294]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Lopha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gregarea">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA419F1F4CEE2106FE83FEE6" box="[189,378,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Lopha gregarea</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, Oxfordian
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, Upper Jurassic. Deposited at the Institut für Geowissenschaften, Goethe- Universität, Frankfurt,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA419F1F4D982122FDC1FE8A" box="[459,568,303,329]" name="Germany" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
(Bo 13/159).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA419F1F4CEE2175FBC4FB6A" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="discussion">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="006E064EBA419F1F4CEE2175FED6FE51" blockId="55.[189,303,376,402]" box="[189,303,376,402]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="5B26B122BA419F1F4CEE2175FED6FE51" bold="true" box="[189,303,376,402]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" reason="3">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA419F1F4CEE2175FED6FE51" bold="true" box="[189,303,376,402]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Remarks</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="006E064EBA419F1F4CEE21ABFD01FCE2" blockId="55.[189,1399,422,801]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
|||
|
|
Since its original description by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA419F1F4E1521ABFD0CFE02" author="Fischer" box="[582,757,422,449]" firstAuthor="Fischer" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="530 - 533" refId="ref50553" refString="Fischer M. P. 1875. D'un type de sarcodaires. Journal de Zoologie 4: 530 - 533." type="journal article" year="1875">Fischer (1875)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA419F1F4F5B21ABFCA4FE03" box="[776,861,422,448]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="54.[189,232,1751,1777]" captionTargetBox="[192,1399,266,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[189,1399,246,1727]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Fig. 19. Nododendrina europaea (Fischer, 1875). A–B. Original illustrations of the trace as observed in a transparent shell of the bivalve Pecten opercularis (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Gulf of Gascogne, France (reproduced from Fischer 1875: pl. XVI, figs 5–6; no scale). C–E. SEM overview and close-up of the neotype (= holotype of the junior synonym Semidendrina pulchra Bromley et al., 2007) in an epoxy cast of an Upper Jurassic Lopha shell from Villers-sur-Mer, France. F. SEM of an ontogenetic series as recorded in an epoxy cast of a bivalve shell that was exposed for two years at a depth of 15 m in the Kosterfjord, Sweden (modified from Wisshak 2006)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839897/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
A–B), this very common dendrinid has been addressed by various formal and informal bio- and ichnotaxa, including several junior synonyms, such as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA419F1F4D7121E1FD15FDC5" authority=", Hyellomorpha" authorityName="Hyellomorpha" box="[290,748,492,519]" class="Monothalamea" family="Astrorhizidae" genus="Globodendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="monile">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA419F1F4D7121E1FDC8FDC5" box="[290,561,492,518]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Globodendrina monile</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA419F1F4E1021E1FD15FDC5" box="[579,748,492,518]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Hyellomorpha</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA419F1F4EAB21E0FBC9FDC5" authority=", Hyellomorpha" authorityName="Hyellomorpha" box="[760,1072,492,519]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Ostrea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acuminata">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA419F1F4EAB21E0FC8DFDC5" box="[760,884,493,518]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">acuminata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA419F1F4FD421E1FBC9FDC5" box="[903,1072,492,518]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Hyellomorpha</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA419F1F486F21E0FB75FDC5" box="[1084,1164,493,518]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="species" species="magna">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA419F1F486F21E0FB75FDC5" box="[1084,1164,493,518]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">magna</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(? junior synonym or
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA419F1F4CB2221CFE6AFDE9" box="[225,403,528,554]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
) and
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA419F1F4D8D221DFD1EFDE9" box="[478,743,528,554]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
|||
|
|
Semidendrina
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA419F1F4EDF221DFD1EFDE9" box="[652,743,528,554]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="species" species="pulchra">pulchra</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(see list of synonymies above). Even though Fischer based
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA419F1F4D54223EFE15FD8E" box="[263,492,563,589]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="europaea">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA419F1F4D54223EFE15FD8E" box="[263,492,563,589]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Dendrina europaea</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
on recent material and did not designate type material, this does not preclude the availability for ichnotaxa established prior to 1931, according to ICZN rules, and nor does the incorrect original spelling of the ichnospecies name
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA419F1F4F4F2277FC7BFD50" box="[796,898,634,659]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="europaea">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA419F1F4F4F2277FC7BFD50" box="[796,898,634,659]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">europaea</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, which includes a ligature herein corrected to read
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA419F1F4D4F2290FE73FD75" box="[284,394,669,694]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="europaea">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA419F1F4D4F2290FE73FD75" box="[284,394,669,694]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">europaea</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Based on its diagnostic characters this trace is herein included in the ichnogenus
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA419F1F4CEE22CDFE9FFD19" authorityName="Vogel, Golubic & Brett" authorityYear="1987" box="[189,358,704,730]" class="Monothalamea" family="Astrorhizidae" genus="Nododendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA419F1F4CEE22CDFE9FFD19" box="[189,358,704,730]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Nododendrina</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Complementing Fischer’s detailed original description and illustration, an ichnospecies diagnosis is provided and the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA419F1F4E7422EEFD77FD3E" box="[551,654,739,765]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
of the now rejected junior synonym
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA419F1F480222EEFAA0FD3E" box="[1105,1369,739,765]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
|||
|
|
Semidendrina
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA419F1F48AD22EEFAA0FD3E" box="[1278,1369,739,765]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="species" species="pulchra">pulchra</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
is designated as the fossil
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA419F1F4D87230AFDC8FCE2" box="[468,561,775,801]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
for
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA419F1F4E32230AFD0BFCE3" box="[609,754,775,800]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="europaea">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA419F1F4E32230AFD0BFCE3" box="[609,754,775,800]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">N. europaea</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="006E064EBA419F1F4CEE2342FEEAFBDA" blockId="55.[189,1399,847,1049]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
|||
|
|
The ichnotaxon vs biotaxon status of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA419F1F4ED12342FB87FCAA" authority="Plewes et al., 1993" authorityName="Plewes" authorityYear="1993" box="[642,1150,847,874]" class="Monothalamea" family="Astrorhizidae" genus="Globodendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="monile">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA419F1F4ED12342FC76FCAA" box="[642,911,847,873]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Globodendrina monile</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA419F1F4FCA2342FB87FCAA" author="Plewes" box="[921,1150,847,874]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Plewes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="83 - 89" refId="ref52576" refString="Plewes C. R., Palmer T. & Haynes J. 1993. A boring foraminiferan from the Upper Jurassic of England and Northern France. Journal of Micropalaeontology 12: 83 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / jm. 12.1.83" type="journal article" year="1993">
|
|||
|
|
Plewes
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA419F1F4FA6235DFBCBFCAA" box="[1013,1074,847,873]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, 1993
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is problematic since in its original description, both the boring and an agglutinated chimney around the main point of entry, interpreted as agglutinating part of a foraminiferan, was described. Most authors, e.g.,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA419F1F49432398FEA9FC10" author="Bromley" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bromley" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="518 - 530" refId="ref49598" refString="Bromley R. G., Wisshak M., Glaub I. & Botquelen A. 2007. Ichnotaxonomic review of dendriniform borings attributed to foraminiferans: Semidendrina igen. nov. In: Miller III W. (ed.) Trace Fossils: Concepts, Problems, Prospects: 518 - 530. Elsevier, Amsterdam. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 044452949 - 7 / 50158 - 3" type="book chapter" year="2007">
|
|||
|
|
Bromley
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA419F1F4CEE23B7FF00FC10" box="[189,249,953,979]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(2007)
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA419F1F4DDF23B4FDA1FC10" author="Kaminski" box="[396,600,953,979]" firstAuthor="Kaminski" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="185 - 219" refId="ref51687" refString="Kaminski M. A. 2001. The new and reinstated genera of agglutinated foraminifera published between 1986 and 1996. In: Hart M. B., Kaminski M. A. & Smart C. W. (eds) Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Agglutinated Foraminifera. Grzybowski Foundation Special Publication 7: 185 - 219." type="journal article" year="2001">Kaminski (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, consequently consider
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA419F1F4F2623B4FC13FC10" box="[885,1002,953,979]" class="Monothalamea" family="Astrorhizidae" genus="Globodendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="monile">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA419F1F4F2623B4FC13FC10" box="[885,1002,953,979]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">G. monile</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
as a foraminiferan body fossil in accordance with the original description within the foraminiferan order
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA419F1F484323D1FB49FC35" authorityName="Brady" authorityYear="1881" box="[1040,1200,988,1014]" class="Monothalamea" family="Astrorhizidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="family">Astrorhizidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA419F1F488C23D1FEF6FBDA" author="Plewes" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Plewes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="83 - 89" refId="ref52576" refString="Plewes C. R., Palmer T. & Haynes J. 1993. A boring foraminiferan from the Upper Jurassic of England and Northern France. Journal of Micropalaeontology 12: 83 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / jm. 12.1.83" type="journal article" year="1993">
|
|||
|
|
Plewes
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA419F1F496923D0FA8EFC35" box="[1338,1399,988,1014]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(1993)
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="006E064EBA419F1F4CEE2445FBC4FB6A" blockId="55.[189,1399,1096,1193]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
|||
|
|
The development of the plexus on only one side of the main node is a very characteristic feature, which distinguishes
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA419F1F4DFE2461FDC7FB46" box="[429,574,1132,1157]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="europaea">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA419F1F4DFE2461FDC7FB46" box="[429,574,1132,1157]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">N. europaea</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
from the other ichnospecies of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA419F1F4FE72466FBA4FB46" authorityName="Vogel, Golubic & Brett" authorityYear="1987" box="[948,1117,1131,1157]" class="Monothalamea" family="Astrorhizidae" genus="Nododendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA419F1F4FE72466FBA4FB46" box="[948,1117,1131,1157]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Nododendrina</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Its average size ranges between that of the usually smaller
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA419F1F4E0D2482FCF6FB6B" authorityName="Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[606,783,1167,1192]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="incomposita">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA419F1F4E0D2482FCF6FB6B" box="[606,783,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">N. incomposita</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and the larger
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA419F1F4FEC2482FBCFFB6B" authorityName="Vogel, Golubic & Brett" authorityYear="1987" box="[959,1078,1166,1192]" class="Monothalamea" family="Astrorhizidae" genus="Nododendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="nodosa">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA419F1F4FEC2482FBCFFB6B" box="[959,1078,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">N. nodosa</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|