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<document id="EF852B4AE47E706F48766371615AC6CC" ID-CLB-Dataset="24105" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2019.585" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dca608e8-fccf-4c1c-b8df-ef0c28e1d518" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3660259" ID-ZooBank="181B6FBA-ED75-4BB4-84C4-FB512B794749" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1581251975682" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ebersole, Jun A., Cicimurri, David J. &amp; Stringer, Gary L." docDate="2019" docId="18174D41FFE3FFC6FD8E9D564FD90DAA" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-585_ebersole_cicimurri_stinger.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 585" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Galeocerdo clarkensis White 1956" docType="treatment" docVersion="18" lastPageNumber="106" masterDocId="E42E3539FF85FFAFFFC69F344D4B0F37" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths" masterLastPageNumber="274" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="103" updateTime="1698783570407" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="D5CF41991425C46E2C83FF8861D83FD4">Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D94F2D28056BC423D983B839142EEC38">Ebersole, Jun A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E3CCCEC77E8D3AD2919C33D5D45AC6B3">Cicimurri, David J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="1956005503EDBDEA48CB48EBE74BE0B9" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6A21F2FD6056DC2C3C341D320244C5D2">Stringer, Gary L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="106D8833F3214AD91DE3C8AD33212C8E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4838FA805C07CCEA2F3B020DF4667937">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="7706061ED9EFC5D1F3243421ECB73980">
<mods:date id="2B5A64DEB5FCB94A527371CB2C8C7639">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5CA2EFE1CBF51C386DFC6E68C3C606E9">2019-12-06</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="71B621A9D090FFCA7A27D2F183C127C1" type="volume">
<mods:number id="2B18D5F7B6428520EFAAEAD3E547C046">585</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="6A6DB3D1B1717AA467637ACC8B0E8A5C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CE5BC538101FDB83178E41974AA1E785" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2019.585</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="18174D41FFE3FFC6FD8E9D564FD90DAA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3664621" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162073061" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3664621" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:18174D41FFE3FFC6FD8E9D564FD90DAA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/18174D41FFE3FFC6FD8E9D564FD90DAA" lastPageId="105" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFFE3FFC9FD8E9D564EA70D4A" box="[584,1004,610,637]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFE3FFC9FD8E9D564EA70D4A" blockId="102.[584,1004,610,671]" box="[584,1004,610,637]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<heading id="CB494B3BFFE3FFC9FD8E9D564EA70D4A" box="[584,1004,610,637]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFE3FFC9FD8E9D564EA70D4A" authority="White, 1956" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1956" box="[584,1004,610,637]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clarkensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE3FFC9FD8E9D564E180D4A" bold="true" box="[584,851,610,637]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Galeocerdo clarkensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFE3FFC9FC9D9D564EA70D4A" author="White E. I." box="[859,1004,610,637]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="123 - 150" refId="ref153972" refString="White E. I. 1956. The Eocene fishes of Alabama. Bulletins of American Paleontology 36 (156): 123 - 150." type="journal article" year="1956">White, 1956</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFFE3FFC9FD369DB14E080DA8" box="[752,835,645,671]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="description">
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFE3FFC9FD369DB14E080DA8" blockId="102.[584,1004,610,671]" box="[752,835,645,671]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<figureCitation id="0885E0D2FFE3FFC9FD369DB14E080DA8" box="[752,835,645,671]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="103.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[199,1390,705,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@103.[189,1398,688,1716]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="Fig. 36. Galeocerdo clarkensis White, 1956, teeth. A–E. MSC 188.68, lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. A. Labial view. B. Close–up of distal notch. C. Lingual view. D. Close–up of mesial compound serrations. E. Mesial view. F–J. MSC 188.272, lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. F. Labial view. G. Close–up of mesial compound serrations. H. Lingual view. I. Close–up of distal notch. J. Mesial view. K–O. MSC 2382.4, lateral tooth, Gosport Sand. K. Labial view. L. Close–up of distal notch. M. Lingual view. N. Close–up of mesial serrations. O. Mesial view. P–T. MSC 37592, anterolateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. P. Labial view. Q. Close–up of mesial compound serrations. R. Lingual view. S. Close–up of distal notch. T. Mesial view. Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3660327/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFFE3FFC9FF7B9DF34C220C5D" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFE3FFC9FF7B9DF3492F0DD6" blockId="102.[189,1124,711,738]" box="[189,1124,711,738]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFE3FFC9FF7B9DF34F9D0DD6" authority="White, 1956: 127 - 128" authorityName="White" authorityPageNumber="127" authorityYear="1956" box="[189,726,711,738]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clarkensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE3FFC9FF7B9DF34C8E0DD6" box="[189,453,711,737]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Galeocerdo clarkensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFE3FFC9FE0A9DF34F9D0DD6" author="White E. I." box="[460,726,711,738]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="123 - 150" refId="ref153972" refString="White E. I. 1956. The Eocene fishes of Alabama. Bulletins of American Paleontology 36 (156): 123 - 150." type="journal article" year="1956">White, 1956: 127–128</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, text figs 24–26, pl. 2, figs 12–14.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFE3FFC9FF7B9C3D4F9A0C14" blockId="102.[189,1399,777,874]" box="[189,721,777,803]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B0AEDB79FFE3FFC9FF7B9C3D4F9A0C14" box="[189,721,777,803]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFE3FFC9FF7B9C3D4F850C14" authority="- Woodward 1889: 446" authorityName="Woodward" authorityPageNumber="446" authorityYear="1889" box="[189,718,777,803]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aduncus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE3FFC9FF7B9C3D4CFB0C14" box="[189,432,777,803]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Galeocerdo aduncus</emphasis>
–
<treatmentCitation id="111FDA46FFE3FFC9FE0A9C3D4F850C14" author="Woodward A. S." box="[460,718,777,803]" page="446" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" year="1889">
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFE3FFC9FE0A9C3D4F850C14" author="Woodward A. S." box="[460,718,777,803]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" refId="ref154310" refString="Woodward A. S. 1889. Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum. Part. I. British Museum (Natural History), London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 61854" type="book" year="1889">Woodward 1889: 446</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFE3FFC9FF7B9C184C220C5D" blockId="102.[189,1399,777,874]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B0AEDB79FFE3FFC9FF7B9C184C220C5D" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFE3FFC9FF7B9C184EA90C71" authority="- Parmley &amp; Cicimurri 2003: 170 - 171" authorityName="- Parmley &amp; Cicimurri" authorityPageNumber="170" authorityYear="2003" box="[189,994,812,839]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE3FFC9FF7B9C184CA30C71" box="[189,488,812,838]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Galeocerdo alabamensis</emphasis>
–
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFE3FFC9FDD59C184EA90C71" author="Parmley D. &amp; Cicimurri D. J." box="[531,994,812,838]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="153 - 179" refId="ref148373" refString="Parmley D. &amp; Cicimurri D. J. 2003. Late Eocene sharks of the Hardie Mine local fauna of Wilkinson County, Georgia. Georgia Journal of Science 61 (3): 153 - 179." type="journal article" year="2003">Parmley &amp; Cicimurri 2003: 170–171</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 6. —
<treatmentCitation id="111FDA46FFE3FFC9FBBC9C1848390C71" author="Manning E. M." box="[1146,1394,812,838]" page="374" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFE3FFC9FBBC9C1848390C71" author="Manning E. M." box="[1146,1394,812,838]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="366 - 385" refId="ref146265" refString="Manning E. M. 2003. The Eocene / Oligocene transition in marine vertebrates of the Gulf Coastal Plain. In: Prothro D. R., Ivany L. C. &amp; Nesbitt, E. A. (eds) From Greenhouse to Icehouse: The Marine Eocene- Oligocene Transition: 366 - 385. Columbia University Press, New York." type="book chapter" year="2003">Manning 2003: 374</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 21.3.3.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFFE3FFC9FF7B9CA54E8E0B5E" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFE3FFC9FF7B9CA54CE10C9C" blockId="102.[189,426,913,939]" box="[189,426,913,939]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<heading id="CB494B3BFFE3FFC9FF7B9CA54CE10C9C" bold="true" box="[189,426,913,939]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" reason="3">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE3FFC9FF7B9CA54CE10C9C" bold="true" box="[189,426,913,939]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFE3FFC9FF7B9CF54E8E0B5E" blockId="102.[189,1399,960,1129]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<materialsCitation id="20D6F60AFFE3FFC9FF7B9CF54E8A0B5E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2564277945" collectionCode="ALMNH, MSC" country="United States of America" location="Claiborne Group" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" specimenCode="MSC 188.6, MSC 188.26, MSC 188.68, MSC 188.149, MSC 188.255, MSC 188.259, MSC 188.272, MSC 188.308, MSC 2175.21, MSC 2180.2, MSC 2378.2, 3, MSC 2382.4, MSC 37402.1, MSC 37494.1, 49, MSC 38470.1, 2, MSC 38509.1, MSC 38543.1, 5" specimenCount="6" stateProvince="Alabama">
<collectingCountry id="E8A9BCC7FFE3FFC9FF7B9CF54F270CED" box="[189,620,960,987]" name="United States of America" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">UNITED STATES OF AMERICA</collectingCountry>
–
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE3FFC9FD5D9CF44E460CED" bold="true" box="[667,781,960,986]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FFE3FFC9FD5D9CF44E460CED" box="[667,781,960,986]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Alabama</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
• 86 isolated teeth;
<location id="9561AA8CFFE3FFC9FBE29CF449B30CED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:18174D41FFE3FFC6FD8E9D564FD90DAA:9561AA8CFFE3FFC9FBE29CF449B30CED" box="[1060,1272,960,986]" country="United States of America" name="Claiborne Group" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" stateProvince="Alabama">Claiborne Group</location>
;
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFE3FFC9FACD9CF4483C0CED" box="[1291,1399,960,986]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
PV1993.2.407 (
<specimenCount id="86B837DEFFE3FFC9FEBF9CD04F5A0CC8" box="[377,529,996,1023]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="generic">6 specimens</specimenCount>
),
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFE3FFC9FDE09CD04FF90CC9" box="[550,690,996,1022]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFE3FFC9FDE09CD04F2F0CC9" box="[550,612,996,1022]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">MSC</collectionCode>
188.6
</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFE3FFC9FD069CD04E100CC9" box="[704,859,996,1022]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFE3FFC9FD069CD04FB50CC9" box="[704,766,996,1022]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">MSC</collectionCode>
188.26
</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFE3FFC9FCAF9CD049480CC9" box="[873,1027,996,1022]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFE3FFC9FCAF9CD04EEC0CC9" box="[873,935,996,1022]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">MSC</collectionCode>
188.68
</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFE3FFC9FBD79CD049F10CC9" box="[1041,1210,996,1022]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFE3FFC9FBD79CD049040CC9" box="[1041,1103,996,1022]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">MSC</collectionCode>
188.149
</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFE3FFC9FB0E9CD048390CC9" box="[1224,1394,995,1022]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFE3FFC9FB0E9CD0484D0CC9" box="[1224,1286,996,1022]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">MSC</collectionCode>
188.255
</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFE3FFC9FF7B9B334C290B15" box="[189,354,1031,1058]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFE3FFC9FF7B9B334DB00B16" box="[189,251,1031,1057]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">MSC</collectionCode>
188.259
</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFE3FFC9FEAB9B334F590B16" box="[365,530,1031,1057]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFE3FFC9FEAB9B334CE00B16" box="[365,427,1031,1057]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">MSC</collectionCode>
188.272
</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFE3FFC9FDDA9B334F890B16" box="[540,706,1031,1057]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFE3FFC9FDDA9B334F110B16" box="[540,602,1031,1057]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">MSC</collectionCode>
188.308
</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFE3FFC9FD0A9B334E3A0B15" box="[716,881,1031,1058]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFE3FFC9FD0A9B334E410B16" box="[716,778,1031,1057]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">MSC</collectionCode>
2175.21
</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFE3FFC9FCBA9B3349580B16" box="[892,1043,1031,1057]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFE3FFC9FCBA9B334EF10B16" box="[892,954,1031,1057]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">MSC</collectionCode>
2180.2
</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFE3FFC9FBDB9B3349FE0B16" box="[1053,1205,1031,1057]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFE3FFC9FBDB9B3349100B16" box="[1053,1115,1031,1057]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">MSC</collectionCode>
2378.2
</specimenCode>
–
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFE3FFC9FB039B33499A0B16" box="[1221,1233,1031,1057]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">3</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFE3FFC9FB1D9B3348390B16" box="[1243,1394,1031,1057]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFE3FFC9FB1D9B3348520B16" box="[1243,1305,1031,1057]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">MSC</collectionCode>
2382.4
</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFE3FFC9FF7B9B1F4C2E0B72" box="[189,357,1067,1093]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFE3FFC9FF7B9B1F4DB00B72" box="[189,251,1067,1093]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">MSC</collectionCode>
37402.1
</specimenCode>
–
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFE3FFC9FEB39B1F4CCA0B72" box="[373,385,1067,1093]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">3</specimenCode>
,
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37494.1
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–
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,
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37522,
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37592,
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37604,
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37897,
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38468,
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38469,
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38470.1
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,
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<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFE3FFC9FDED9B7A4F220B5F" box="[555,617,1102,1128]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">MSC</collectionCode>
38509.1
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<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFE3FFC9FD3D9B7A4E720B5F" box="[763,825,1102,1128]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">MSC</collectionCode>
38543.1
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–
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</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFFE3FFC9FF7B9BA44C8B0AC2" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="description">
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFE3FFC9FF7B9BA44C050B9D" blockId="102.[189,334,1168,1194]" box="[189,334,1168,1194]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<heading id="CB494B3BFFE3FFC9FF7B9BA44C050B9D" bold="true" box="[189,334,1168,1194]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" reason="3">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE3FFC9FF7B9BA44C050B9D" bold="true" box="[189,334,1168,1194]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFE3FFC9FF7B9B8A4C8B0AC2" blockId="102.[189,1399,1214,1525]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Teeth with roughly triangular crown. Mesial cutting edge is uniformly convex, sometimes slightly concave basally. Coarse, weakly compound serrations located at most convex portion of mesial edge; serrations finer basally and apically. Distal cutting edge short, weakly convex, finely serrated nearly to apex, forms distally inclined cusp with mesial edge. Distal heel heavily serrated, separated from distal cutting edge by notch. Heel serrations decrease in size distally; generally, largest serration (just distal to notch) has compound serration pattern on distal side. Labial crown face flat to slightly convex; lingual face convex; enameloid smooth. Root bilobate; lobes short, rounded, divergent; lobes separated by shallow U-shaped interlobe area. Lingual root face high, with weak lingual protuberance bisected by deep nutritive groove.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFFE3FFC7FF7B99284E450CE7" lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFE3FFC9FF7B99284C640901" blockId="102.[189,303,1564,1590]" box="[189,303,1564,1590]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<heading id="CB494B3BFFE3FFC9FF7B99284C640901" bold="true" box="[189,303,1564,1590]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" reason="3">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE3FFC9FF7B99284C640901" bold="true" box="[189,303,1564,1590]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFE3FFC9FF7B997F4CAC08DB" blockId="102.[189,1399,1611,2028]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFE3FFC9FF7B997F4C200952" author="Leriche M." box="[189,363,1611,1637]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 110" refId="ref145078" refString="Leriche M. 1942. Contribution a l'etude des faunes ichthyologiques marines des terrains tertiaires de la Plaine cotiere atlantique et du centre des Etats-Unis. Les synchronismes des formations tertiaires des deux cotes de l'Atlantique. Memoires de la Societe geologique de France 45 (2 - 4): 1 - 110." type="journal article" year="1942">Leriche (1942)</bibRefCitation>
erected the species
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFE3FFC9FD92997F4E330952" authorityName="- Parmley &amp; Cicimurri" authorityYear="2003" box="[596,888,1611,1637]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE3FFC9FD92997F4E330952" box="[596,888,1611,1637]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Galeocerdo alabamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on a single specimen recovered from upper Eocene deposits at Cocoa in Choctaw County, AL.
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFE3FFC9FCBE995A495C09BE" author="White E. I." box="[888,1047,1646,1673]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="123 - 150" refId="ref153972" refString="White E. I. 1956. The Eocene fishes of Alabama. Bulletins of American Paleontology 36 (156): 123 - 150." type="journal article" year="1956">White (1956)</bibRefCitation>
later named
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFE3FFC9FB7E995B481D09BF" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1956" box="[1208,1366,1646,1673]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clarkensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE3FFC9FB7E995B481D09BF" box="[1208,1366,1646,1673]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">G. clarkensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in part based on specimens that
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFE3FFC9FDE099A54FB5099B" author="Woodward A. S." box="[550,766,1681,1708]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" refId="ref154310" refString="Woodward A. S. 1889. Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum. Part. I. British Museum (Natural History), London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 61854" type="book" year="1889">Woodward (1889)</bibRefCitation>
reported from the Priabonian Yazoo Clay in Clarke County,
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FFE3FFC9FEE699814CC509F8" box="[288,398,1717,1743]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Alabama</collectingRegion>
.
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFE3FFC9FE5F99814F7309E7" author="White E. I." box="[409,568,1717,1744]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="123 - 150" refId="ref153972" refString="White E. I. 1956. The Eocene fishes of Alabama. Bulletins of American Paleontology 36 (156): 123 - 150." type="journal article" year="1956">White (1956)</bibRefCitation>
justified his new taxon by stating that the teeth of
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFE3FFC9FB5E9982487E09F8" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1956" box="[1176,1333,1717,1744]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clarkensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE3FFC9FB5E9982487E09F8" box="[1176,1333,1717,1744]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">G. clarkensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were evenly serrated on the mesial edge, whereas those on the teeth
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFE3FFC9FC7F99ED493809C5" authorityName="- Parmley &amp; Cicimurri" authorityYear="2003" box="[953,1139,1752,1779]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE3FFC9FC7F99ED493809C5" box="[953,1139,1752,1779]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">G. alabamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFE3FFC9FB7699ED487F09C5" baseAuthorityName="Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[1200,1332,1752,1779]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latidens">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE3FFC9FB7699ED487F09C5" box="[1200,1332,1752,1779]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">G. latidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were more coarsely serrated.
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFE3FFC9FE2299C84E600821" author="Thurmond J. T. &amp; Jones D. E." box="[484,811,1788,1814]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" refId="ref152244" refString="Thurmond J. T. &amp; Jones D. E. 1981. Fossil Vertebrates of Alabama. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa." type="book" year="1981">Thurmond &amp; Jones (1981)</bibRefCitation>
recognized the validity and occurrence of both
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFE3FFC9FF7B98144C13080E" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1956" box="[189,344,1823,1850]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clarkensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE3FFC9FF7B98144C13080E" box="[189,344,1823,1850]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">G. clarkensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFE3FFC9FE5498144F02080E" authorityName="- Parmley &amp; Cicimurri" authorityYear="2003" box="[402,585,1823,1850]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE3FFC9FE5498144F02080E" box="[402,585,1823,1850]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">G. alabamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FFE3FFC9FDAB982B4F9C080E" box="[621,727,1823,1849]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Alabama</collectingRegion>
and noted that the two species could be differentiated by the shape of their mesial cutting edge, with that on
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFE3FFC9FCEC98774E8C086A" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1956" box="[810,967,1859,1885]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clarkensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE3FFC9FCEC98774E8C086A" box="[810,967,1859,1885]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">G. clarkensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being smoothly convex and that on
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFE3FFC9FF7B98534C3F08B7" authorityName="- Parmley &amp; Cicimurri" authorityYear="2003" box="[189,372,1894,1921]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE3FFC9FF7B98534C3F08B7" box="[189,372,1894,1921]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">G. alabamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being straight, concave, or S-shaped.
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFE3FFC9FCF5985249DC08B6" author="Manning E. M. &amp; Standhardt B. R." box="[819,1175,1894,1921]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="133 - 161" refId="ref146331" refString="Manning E. M. &amp; Standhardt B. R. 1986. Late Eocene sharks and rays of Montgomery Landing, Louisiana. In: Schiebout J. A. &amp; van den Bold W. (eds) Montgomery Landing Site, Marine Eocene (Jackson) of Central Louisiana: 133 - 161. Symposium Proceedings, Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies, Baton Rouge." type="proceedings paper" year="1986">Manning &amp; Standhardt (1986)</bibRefCitation>
later synonymized
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFE3FFC9FF7B98BE4C130893" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1956" box="[189,344,1930,1956]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clarkensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE3FFC9FF7B98BE4C130893" box="[189,344,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">G. clarkensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFE3FFC9FE5C98BE4F1A0893" authorityName="- Parmley &amp; Cicimurri" authorityYear="2003" box="[410,593,1930,1956]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE3FFC9FE5C98BE4F1A0893" box="[410,593,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">G. alabamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, stating, with no justification, that the former were the upper teeth of the latter. This synonymy is in error, as the
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFE3FFC9FD7B98994E1B08F0" authorityName="- Parmley &amp; Cicimurri" authorityYear="2003" box="[701,848,1965,1991]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE3FFC9FD7B98994E1B08F0" box="[701,848,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">alabamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphology is more appropriately assigned to
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFE3FFC9FF7B98E54C1A08DC" authorityName="Cappetta" authorityYear="1980" box="[189,337,2001,2027]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE3FFC9FF7B98E54C1A08DC" box="[189,337,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Physogaleus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see above).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFE2FFC7FF7B9E384FE80EB8" blockId="103.[189,1399,267,646]" lastBlockId="104.[189,1398,267,399]" lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
An examination of high-resolution photographs of
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFE2FFC8FCEC9E3F4E950E11" author="White E. I." box="[810,990,267,294]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="123 - 150" refId="ref153972" refString="White E. I. 1956. The Eocene fishes of Alabama. Bulletins of American Paleontology 36 (156): 123 - 150." type="journal article" year="1956">White’s (1956)</bibRefCitation>
<typeStatus id="4F0542F5FFE2FFC8FC2C9E38491A0E11" box="[1002,1105,268,294]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
leads us to believe that
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFE2FFC8FF7B9E1B4C810E7E" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1956" box="[189,458,303,329]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clarkensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE2FFC8FF7B9E1B4C810E7E" box="[189,458,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Galeocerdo clarkensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a valid species that occurs within the Claiborne Group in Alabama. The
<typeStatus id="4F0542F5FFE2FFC8FF7B9E664C6F0E5B" box="[189,292,338,364]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(NHMUK P.30501) measures
<quantity id="574651B2FFE2FFC8FD529E664FAD0E5B" box="[660,742,338,364]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="cm" value="1.3">1.3 cm</quantity>
in height and
<quantity id="574651B2FFE2FFC8FC529E664EAE0E5B" box="[916,997,338,364]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="cm" value="1.6">1.6 cm</quantity>
in mesiodistal width, proportions that suggests it is an anterior tooth. One of
<typeStatus id="4F0542F5FFE2FFC8FD7E9E414E690EB8" box="[696,802,373,399]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
, NHMUK P.30467, measures
<quantity id="574651B2FFE2FFC8FB439E41499E0EB8" box="[1157,1237,373,399]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="cm" value="1.2">1.2 cm</quantity>
in height and 2.0 cm in mesiodistal width, suggesting it is a lateral tooth. The second
<typeStatus id="4F0542F5FFE2FFC8FBD59EAD493A0E84" box="[1043,1137,409,435]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
, NHMUK P.30502, is slightly ablated, but as preserved measures
<quantity id="574651B2FFE2FFC8FD739E8F4E4E0EE1" box="[693,773,443,470]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="cm" value="0.7">0.7 cm</quantity>
in height and
<quantity id="574651B2FFE2FFC8FC6F9E8F4EB30EE1" box="[937,1016,443,470]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="cm" value="1.3">1.3 cm</quantity>
in mesiodistal width, suggesting the tooth is from a lateroposterior position. All three of these teeth have compound serrations, an evenly convex mesial edge, and serrations that extend nearly to the apex on both the mesial and distal cutting edges. The presence of an evenly convex mesial edge on all three
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFE2FFC8FC349D1149DA0D08" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1956" box="[1010,1169,549,575]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clarkensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE2FFC8FC349D1149DA0D08" box="[1010,1169,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">G. clarkensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="4F0542F5FFE2FFC8FB5A9D1148480D08" box="[1180,1283,549,575]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
indicates that this characteristic is consistent across the tooth row, separating this species from
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFE2FFC8FB039D7D48240D55" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1955" box="[1221,1391,584,611]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eaglesomei">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE2FFC8FB039D7D48240D55" box="[1221,1391,584,611]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">G. eaglesomei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whose anterior teeth have a mesial edge that is strongly sinuous. In addition, the development of compound serrations on the teeth of
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEDFFC7FDBD9E384E520E12" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1956" box="[635,793,267,294]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clarkensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEDFFC7FDBD9E384E520E12" box="[635,793,267,294]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">G. clarkensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is in contrast to
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEDFFC7FC2C9E3849DE0E12" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1955" box="[1002,1173,267,294]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eaglesomei">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEDFFC7FC2C9E3849DE0E12" box="[1002,1173,267,294]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">G. eaglesomei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whose teeth have simple serrations. Our examination of
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEDFFC7FD549E1B4E500E7E" authorityName="Muller &amp; Henle" authorityYear="1837" box="[658,795,303,329]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEDFFC7FD549E1B4E500E7E" box="[658,795,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Galeocerdo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
teeth from the Clinchfield Formation in
<collectingCountry id="E8A9BCC7FFEDFFC7FAD79E1A48390E7F" box="[1297,1394,302,328]" name="Georgia" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Georgia</collectingCountry>
, identified as
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEDFFC7FE929E664F400E5B" authorityName="- Parmley &amp; Cicimurri" authorityYear="2003" box="[340,523,338,364]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEDFFC7FE929E664C220E5B" box="[340,361,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">G</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEDFFC7FEBE9E664F400E5B" box="[376,523,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">alabamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFEDFFC7FDF19E664EC10E5B" author="Parmley D. &amp; Cicimurri D. J." box="[567,906,338,364]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="153 - 179" refId="ref148373" refString="Parmley D. &amp; Cicimurri D. J. 2003. Late Eocene sharks of the Hardie Mine local fauna of Wilkinson County, Georgia. Georgia Journal of Science 61 (3): 153 - 179." type="journal article" year="2003">Parmley &amp; Cicimurri (2003)</bibRefCitation>
, leads us to conclude that they are similar to the
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEDFFC7FEC09E414CEA0EB8" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1956" box="[262,417,373,399]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clarkensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEDFFC7FEC09E414CEA0EB8" box="[262,417,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">G. clarkensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
teeth reported herein.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C4C1ACDFFFE2FFC8FF7B99EC4EE108DD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660327" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3660327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3660327/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" startId="103.[189,232,1752,1778]" targetBox="[199,1390,705,1700]" targetPageId="103">
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFE2FFC8FF7B99EC4EE108DD" blockId="103.[189,1399,1752,2026]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE2FFC8FF7B99EC4C5609C4" bold="true" box="[189,285,1752,1779]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Fig. 36.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFE2FFC8FEEF99ED4F9309C4" authority="White, 1956" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1956" box="[297,728,1752,1779]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clarkensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE2FFC8FEEF99ED4F7E09C4" box="[297,565,1753,1779]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Galeocerdo clarkensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFE2FFC8FD8699ED4F9309C4" author="White E. I." box="[576,728,1752,1779]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="123 - 150" refId="ref153972" refString="White E. I. 1956. The Eocene fishes of Alabama. Bulletins of American Paleontology 36 (156): 123 - 150." type="journal article" year="1956">White, 1956</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, teeth.
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE2FFC8FCF299EC4E2009C5" bold="true" box="[820,875,1752,1778]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">A–E</emphasis>
.
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFE2FFC8FCB999ED4EF609C4" box="[895,957,1753,1779]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">MSC</collectionCode>
188.68, lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand.
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE2FFC8FEC199C84C570821" bold="true" box="[263,284,1788,1814]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">A</emphasis>
. Labial view.
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE2FFC8FE0099C84C910821" bold="true" box="[454,474,1788,1814]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">B</emphasis>
. Close–up of distal notch.
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE2FFC8FCDC99C84E640821" bold="true" box="[794,815,1788,1814]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">C</emphasis>
. Lingual view.
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE2FFC8FC2F99C84EB50821" bold="true" box="[1001,1022,1788,1814]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">D</emphasis>
. Close–up of mesial compound serrations.
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE2FFC8FE85982B4C1C080E" bold="true" box="[323,343,1823,1849]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">E</emphasis>
. Mesial view.
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE2FFC8FDD4982B4F0A080E" bold="true" box="[530,577,1823,1849]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">F–J</emphasis>
.
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFE2FFC8FD93982B4FD8080E" box="[597,659,1823,1849]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">MSC</collectionCode>
188.272, lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand.
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE2FFC8FB7D982B4986080E" bold="true" box="[1211,1229,1823,1849]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">F</emphasis>
. Labial view.
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE2FFC8FF7B98764D9F086B" bold="true" box="[189,212,1858,1884]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">G</emphasis>
. Close–up of mesial compound serrations.
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE2FFC8FD1998774FBD086A" bold="true" box="[735,758,1859,1885]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">H</emphasis>
. Lingual view.
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE2FFC8FC7298774EF4086A" bold="true" box="[948,959,1859,1885]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">I</emphasis>
. Close–up of distal notch.
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE2FFC8FAC19877485D086A" bold="true" box="[1287,1302,1859,1885]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">J</emphasis>
. Mesial view.
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE2FFC8FEC098514C090848" bold="true" box="[262,322,1893,1919]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">K–O</emphasis>
.
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFE2FFC8FE9398524CD808B7" box="[341,403,1894,1920]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">MSC</collectionCode>
2382.4, lateral tooth, Gosport Sand.
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE2FFC8FC9F98524E3B08B7" bold="true" box="[857,880,1894,1920]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">K</emphasis>
. Labial view.
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE2FFC8FBE79852497E08B7" bold="true" box="[1057,1077,1894,1920]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">L</emphasis>
. Close–up of distal notch.
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE2FFC8FF7B98BD4D920894" bold="true" box="[189,217,1929,1955]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">M</emphasis>
. Lingual view.
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE2FFC8FE5198BD4CE70894" bold="true" box="[407,428,1929,1955]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">N</emphasis>
. Close–up of mesial serrations.
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE2FFC8FCF498BC4E020895" bold="true" box="[818,841,1928,1954]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">O</emphasis>
. Mesial view.
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE2FFC8FC3A98BD497B0894" bold="true" box="[1020,1072,1929,1955]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">P–T</emphasis>
.
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFE2FFC8FB8498BD49CB0894" box="[1090,1152,1929,1955]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">MSC</collectionCode>
37592, anterolateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand.
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE2FFC8FE3398984F4C08F1" bold="true" box="[501,519,1964,1990]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">P</emphasis>
. Labial view.
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE2FFC8FD6C98984F8A08F1" bold="true" box="[682,705,1964,1990]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Q</emphasis>
. Close–up of mesial compound serrations.
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE2FFC8FB729898498208F1" bold="true" box="[1204,1225,1964,1990]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">R</emphasis>
. Lingual view.
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE2FFC8FF7B98FB4D8608DE" bold="true" box="[189,205,1999,2025]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">S</emphasis>
. Close–up of distal notch.
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFE2FFC8FDCF98FB4F5608DE" bold="true" box="[521,541,1999,2025]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">T</emphasis>
. Mesial view. Scale bars = 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFEDFFC7FF7B9E834E0D0DB7" blockId="104.[189,1399,438,641]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
We could not confidently differentiate upper and lower teeth for this species. Monognathic heterodonty is expressed as anterior teeth that are nearly as tall as wide, and lateral teeth are much wider than tall with a more inclined cusp. Lateral teeth of
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEDFFC7FD0B9EC94E200D20" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1956" box="[717,875,509,535]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clarkensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEDFFC7FD0B9EC94E200D20" box="[717,875,509,535]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">G. clarkensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be confused with the lateral teeth of
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEDFFC7FF7B9D144C920D0D" authority="Ebersole &amp; Cicimurri &amp; Stringer, 2019" authorityName="Ebersole &amp; Cicimurri &amp; Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[189,473,544,570]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mancinae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEDFFC7FF7B9D144C920D0D" box="[189,473,544,570]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Carcharhinus mancinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFEDFFC7FE249D154F0A0D0C" box="[482,577,545,571]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, as both have convex mesial cutting edges and compound serrations. However, the distal notch on the teeth of
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEDFFC7FD669D704E7F0D6A" authority="Ebersole &amp; Cicimurri &amp; Stringer, 2019" authorityName="Ebersole &amp; Cicimurri &amp; Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[672,820,580,606]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mancinae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEDFFC7FD669D704E7F0D6A" box="[672,820,580,606]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">C. mancinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFEDFFC7FCFA9D704EDD0D69" box="[828,918,580,606]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is much less defined and the lingual root protuberance is much more pronounced and “pinched.”
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFEDFFC7FF7B9D9C4E5F0DF5" blockId="104.[189,788,680,706]" box="[189,788,680,706]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<heading id="CB494B3BFFEDFFC7FF7B9D9C4E5F0DF5" bold="true" box="[189,788,680,706]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" reason="3">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEDFFC7FF7B9D9C4E5F0DF5" bold="true" box="[189,788,680,706]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
Stratigraphic and geographic range in
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FFEDFFC7FD649D9C4E5F0DF5" box="[674,788,680,706]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Alabama</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFEDFFC7FF7B9DE24EFE0C23" blockId="104.[189,1398,726,788]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">The specimens in our sample were collected from the basal Gosport Sand at sites ACl-4 and AMo-4, and the Gosport Sand at site ACh-21. Middle Bartonian, Zone NP17.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFEDFFC7FD589C654EDD0C5B" blockId="104.[670,918,849,911]" box="[670,918,849,876]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEDFFC7FD589C654E070C5C" bold="true" box="[670,844,849,875]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Galeomorphii</emphasis>
indet.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFEDFFC7FD369C414E080CB8" blockId="104.[670,918,849,911]" box="[752,835,885,911]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<figureCitation id="0885E0D2FFEDFFC7FD369C414E080CB8" box="[752,835,885,911]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="104.[189,232,1964,1990]" captionTargetBox="[198,1389,1740,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@104.[189,1399,1732,1939]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="Fig. 37. Galeomorphii indet., tooth fragment. SC2012.47.32, basal Lisbon Formation. A. Labial view. B. Lingual view. C. Oral view. D. Basal view. Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3660329/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFEDFFC7FF7B9C824E450CE7" blockId="104.[189,782,950,977]" box="[189,782,950,977]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
cf. “
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEDFFC7FF299C824C320CE7" authorityName="Woodward" authorityYear="1888" box="[239,377,950,976]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Palaeospinacidae" genus="Synechodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synechodontiformes" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEDFFC7FF299C824C320CE7" box="[239,377,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Synechodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” sp. –
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFEDFFC7FE0B9C824FF90CE7" author="Clayton A. A. &amp; Ciampaglio, C. N. &amp; Cicimurri, D. J." box="[461,690,950,976]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="60 - 73" refId="ref139906" refString="Clayton A. A., Ciampaglio, C. N. &amp; Cicimurri, D. J. 2013. An inquiry into the stratigraphic occurrence of a Claibornian (Eocene) vertebrate fauna from Covington County, Alabama. Bulletin Alabama Museum of Natural History 31 (2): 60 - 73." type="journal article" year="2013">
Clayton
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEDFFC7FDF79C834F270CE7" box="[561,620,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2a.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFFEDFFC7FF7B9CCC48090B77" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFEDFFC7FF7B9CCC4CE10B25" blockId="104.[189,426,1016,1042]" box="[189,426,1016,1042]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<heading id="CB494B3BFFEDFFC7FF7B9CCC4CE10B25" bold="true" box="[189,426,1016,1042]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" reason="3">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEDFFC7FF7B9CCC4CE10B25" bold="true" box="[189,426,1016,1042]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFEDFFC7FF7B9B1348090B77" blockId="104.[189,1346,1062,1089]" box="[189,1346,1062,1089]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<materialsCitation id="20D6F60AFFEDFFC7FF7B9B1348750B77" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2564277923" box="[189,1342,1062,1089]" collectionCode="SC" country="United States of America" location="Claiborne Group" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alabama">
<collectingCountry id="E8A9BCC7FFEDFFC7FF7B9B134F1B0B77" box="[189,592,1062,1089]" name="United States of America" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">UNITED STATES OF AMERICA</collectingCountry>
–
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEDFFC7FDAB9B124F940B77" bold="true" box="[621,735,1062,1088]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FFEDFFC7FDAB9B124F940B77" box="[621,735,1062,1088]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Alabama</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
• 1 isolated tooth;
<location id="9561AA8CFFEDFFC7FC7A9B1249CD0B77" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:18174D41FFE3FFC6FD8E9D564FD90DAA:9561AA8CFFEDFFC7FC7A9B1249CD0B77" box="[956,1158,1062,1088]" country="United States of America" name="Claiborne Group" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" stateProvince="Alabama">Claiborne Group</location>
;
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFEDFFC7FB549B1249FE0B77" box="[1170,1205,1062,1088]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">SC</collectionCode>
2012.47.32
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFFEDFFC7FF7B9B5C4C7C0A0A" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="description">
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFEDFFC7FF7B9B5C4C050BB5" blockId="104.[189,334,1128,1154]" box="[189,334,1128,1154]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<heading id="CB494B3BFFEDFFC7FF7B9B5C4C050BB5" bold="true" box="[189,334,1128,1154]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" reason="3">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEDFFC7FF7B9B5C4C050BB5" bold="true" box="[189,334,1128,1154]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFEDFFC7FF7B9BA24C7C0A0A" blockId="104.[189,1398,1174,1341]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Tooth fragment consisting of the distal shoulder with three cusplets preserved. Cusplets cylindrical, distally directed, decrease in size laterally. Lingual face of cusplets lack ornamentation, and slight orolingual shelf visible. Labial face with very coarse, oblique ridges that extend from crown base but do not reach apices of cusplets. Labial edge of the crown base overhangs the root, which is incompletely preserved.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFFEDFFC6FF7B9A514FD90DAA" lastPageId="105" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFEDFFC7FF7B9A514C640A48" blockId="104.[189,303,1381,1407]" box="[189,303,1381,1407]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<heading id="CB494B3BFFEDFFC7FF7B9A514C640A48" bold="true" box="[189,303,1381,1407]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" reason="3">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEDFFC7FF7B9A514C640A48" bold="true" box="[189,303,1381,1407]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFEDFFC7FF7B9AA74949090D" blockId="104.[189,1399,1427,1594]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
The single tooth fragment in our sample was picked by one of the present authors (DJC) out of bulk matrix recovered directly from the basal
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FFEDFFC7FD679A824FB90AE7" box="[673,754,1462,1488]" country="Portugal" name="Lisboa" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Lisbon</collectingRegion>
Formation (bed 2 of
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFEDFFC7FC379A8249ED0AE6" author="Copeland C. W." box="[1009,1190,1462,1489]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref140377" refString="Copeland C. W. 1966. Facies Changes in the Alabama Tertiary. Alabama Geological Society Fourth Annual Field Trip Guidebook, Tuscaloosa." type="book" year="1966">Copeland 1966</bibRefCitation>
) at site ACov-11. This specimen was originally figured, but not described, by
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFEDFFC7FCBE9AED49200AC3" author="Clayton A. A. &amp; Ciampaglio, C. N. &amp; Cicimurri, D. J." box="[888,1131,1497,1524]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="60 - 73" refId="ref139906" refString="Clayton A. A., Ciampaglio, C. N. &amp; Cicimurri, D. J. 2013. An inquiry into the stratigraphic occurrence of a Claibornian (Eocene) vertebrate fauna from Covington County, Alabama. Bulletin Alabama Museum of Natural History 31 (2): 60 - 73." type="journal article" year="2013">
Clayton
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEDFFC7FC1A9AEE495D0AC4" box="[988,1046,1497,1523]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
who referred the tooth to cf. “
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEDFFC7FEC99AC94CD20920" authorityName="Woodward" authorityYear="1888" box="[271,409,1533,1559]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Palaeospinacidae" genus="Synechodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synechodontiformes" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEDFFC7FEC99AC94CD20920" box="[271,409,1533,1559]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Synechodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” sp.
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFEDFFC7FE1E9AC94FBD092F" author="Cappetta H. &amp; Case G. R." box="[472,758,1533,1560]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="43 - 103" refId="ref137973" refString="Cappetta H. &amp; Case G. R. 2016. A selachian fauna from the middle Eocene (Lutetian, Lisbon Formation) of Andalusia, Covington County, Alabama, USA. Palaeontographica Abteilung A 307 (1 - 6): 43 - 103." type="journal article" year="2016">Cappetta &amp; Case (2016)</bibRefCitation>
contested this assignment, simply on the grounds that the specimen fell outside the youngest known occurrence of the family.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFEDFFC6FF7B99554CC00D34" blockId="104.[189,1399,1633,1695]" lastBlockId="105.[189,1399,267,515]" lastPageId="105" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
SC2012.47.32 possesses a unique combination of having multiple lateral cusplets, a small orolingual shelf, a labial crown face that overhangs the root, heavily folded enameloid ornamentation on the labial face (
<figureCitation id="0885E0D2FFECFFC6FEC49E3F4C380E12" box="[258,371,267,293]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="104.[189,232,1964,1990]" captionTargetBox="[198,1389,1740,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@104.[189,1399,1732,1939]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="Fig. 37. Galeomorphii indet., tooth fragment. SC2012.47.32, basal Lisbon Formation. A. Labial view. B. Lingual view. C. Oral view. D. Basal view. Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3660329/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fig. 37A</figureCitation>
), and a smooth lingual face (
<figureCitation id="0885E0D2FFECFFC6FD189E3F4E040E12" box="[734,847,267,293]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="104.[189,232,1964,1990]" captionTargetBox="[198,1389,1740,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@104.[189,1399,1732,1939]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="Fig. 37. Galeomorphii indet., tooth fragment. SC2012.47.32, basal Lisbon Formation. A. Labial view. B. Lingual view. C. Oral view. D. Basal view. Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3660329/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fig. 37B</figureCitation>
). Additionally, SC2012.47.32 exhibits a third lateral cusplet, and the lateral two cusplets have a slight medial bend. This combination of characteristics separates this tooth fragment from all the other specimens in our sample and does conform well with the genera represented within the
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFECFFC6FD999E4E4E540EA3" authorityName="Regan" authorityYear="1906" box="[607,799,378,404]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Paleospinacidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synechodontiformes" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Paleospinacidae</taxonomicName>
, including
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFECFFC6FC6F9E4E483C0EA2" authority="Klug &amp; Kriwet, 2008" authorityName="Klug &amp; Kriwet" authorityYear="2008" box="[937,1399,378,405]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Palaeospinacidae" genus="Palidiplospinax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synechodontiformes" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFECFFC6FC6F9E4E49280EA3" box="[937,1123,378,404]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Palidiplospinax</emphasis>
Klug &amp; Kriwet, 2008
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFECFFC6FF379EAB4F1B0E8D" authority="Woodward, 1888" authorityName="Woodward" authorityYear="1888" box="[241,592,415,442]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Palaeospinacidae" genus="Synechodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synechodontiformes" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFECFFC6FF379EAB4C300E8E" box="[241,379,415,441]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Synechodus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFECFFC6FE439EAB4F1B0E8D" author="Woodward A. S." box="[389,592,415,442]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="496 - 499" refId="ref154273" refString="Woodward A. S. 1888. On the Cretaceous selachian genus Synechodus. Geological Magazine, decade 3, 5: 496 - 499. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800182767" type="journal article" year="1888">Woodward, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFECFFC6FD559E944E080E8D" author="Cappetta H." box="[659,835,416,442]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref137948" refString="Cappetta H. 2012. Chondrichthyes (Mesozoic and Cenozoic Elasmobranchii, Teeth). Handbook of Palaeoichthyology. Verlag Friedrich Pfeil, Munchen." type="book" year="2012">Cappetta 2012</bibRefCitation>
: figs 304–6). Unfortunately, we scrutinized the specimen but cannot determine what taxon it represents due to its incompleteness, but it is included here for thoroughness.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C4C1ACDFFFEDFFC7FF7B98984EFD08DD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660329" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3660329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3660329/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" startId="104.[189,232,1964,1990]" targetBox="[198,1389,1740,1926]" targetPageId="104">
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFEDFFC7FF7B98984EFD08DD" blockId="104.[189,1399,1964,2026]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEDFFC7FF7B98984C5108F1" bold="true" box="[189,282,1964,1990]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 37.</emphasis>
Galeomorphii indet., tooth fragment.
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFEDFFC7FD1998994E4908F0" box="[735,770,1965,1991]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">SC</collectionCode>
2012.47.32, basal Lisbon Formation.
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEDFFC7FB799898499F08F1" bold="true" box="[1215,1236,1964,1990]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">A</emphasis>
. Labial view.
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEDFFC7FF7B98E44D9A08DD" bold="true" box="[189,209,2000,2026]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">B</emphasis>
. Lingual view.
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEDFFC7FE4E98FB4CD608DE" bold="true" box="[392,413,1999,2025]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">C</emphasis>
. Oral view.
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEDFFC7FDEB98E44F0908DD" bold="true" box="[557,578,2000,2026]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">D</emphasis>
. Basal view. Scale bar = 2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFECFFC6FF7B9D194E5F0D70" blockId="105.[189,788,557,583]" box="[189,788,557,583]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<heading id="CB494B3BFFECFFC6FF7B9D194E5F0D70" bold="true" box="[189,788,557,583]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" reason="3">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFECFFC6FF7B9D194E5F0D70" bold="true" box="[189,788,557,583]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
Stratigraphic and geographic range in
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FFECFFC6FD649D194E5F0D70" box="[674,788,557,583]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Alabama</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFECFFC6FF7B9D694FD90DAA" blockId="105.[189,1399,605,669]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
The lone specimen in our sample, SC2012.47.32, was derived from the basal
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FFECFFC6FB929D6949EE0D40" box="[1108,1189,605,631]" country="Portugal" name="Lisboa" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Lisbon</collectingRegion>
Formation at site ACov-11. Middle Lutetian, Zone NP15.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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