treatments-xml/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FFD56A6AFF5192371F9CB7FB.xml

<document id="48A9FF44D0BE2B2D234F216E0FBC59FA" ID-CLB-Dataset="56755" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FFD56A6AFF5192371F9CB7FB" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Nyctophilus nebulosus Parnaby 2002" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="804" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="804" updateTime="1718993610009" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:title id="B9CFAFDD93C7F1637C68467D675A9FB9">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A721C3803008F5B130D42CD5272EE197">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2894E97BCC8CEAD0ACA50855D88B2D16">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FB120A11EFDE969831107BED99D45EC0">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFD56A6AFF5192371EE5BFAE" box="[173,229,1134,1180]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD56A6AFF5192371EE5BFAE" blockId="46.[171,1379,1134,1260]" box="[173,229,1134,1180]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
<heading id="9F638192FFD56A6AFF5192371EE5BFAE" box="[173,229,1134,1180]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFFD56A6AFF5192371EE5BFAE" box="[173,229,1134,1180]" captionStart="Plate 58: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="43.[119,149,3359,3384]" captionTargetBox="[11,2759,17,3657]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="78. New Guinea Big-eared Bat (Pharotis imogene), 79. Western Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus major), 80. Corben’s Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus corbeni), 81. Pallid Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus daedalus), 82. Gould’s Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus gouldi), 83. Tasmanian Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus sherrini), 84. New Caledonian Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus nebulosus), 85. Papuan Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus macrotis), 86. Pygmy Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus walkeri), 87. Eastern Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus bifax), 88. Northern Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus arnhemensis), 89. Mount Missim Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus shirleyae), 90. Small-toothed Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus microdon), 91. Lesser Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus geoffroyi), 92. Sunda Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus heran), 93. Lord Howe Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus howensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398510/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">84.</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD56A6AFF0992371D98BFAE" blockId="46.[171,1379,1134,1260]" box="[245,920,1134,1180]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
<heading id="9F638192FFD56A6AFF0992371D98BFAE" box="[245,920,1134,1180]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFD56A6AFF0992371D98BFAE" ID-CoL="6SCRK" authorityName="Parnaby" authorityYear="2002" box="[245,920,1134,1180]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulosus">New Caledonian Long-eared Bat</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD56A6AFC2792371B62BFAE" blockId="46.[171,1379,1134,1260]" box="[987,1378,1134,1180]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
<heading id="9F638192FFD56A6AFC2792371B62BFAE" box="[987,1378,1134,1180]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFD56A6AFC2792371B62BFAE" ID-CoL="6SCRK" authorityName="Parnaby" authorityYear="2002" box="[987,1378,1134,1180]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulosus">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFD56A6AFC2792371B62BFAE" box="[987,1378,1134,1180]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Nyctophilus nebulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFD56A6AFF5092F71F0CBFDE" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD56A6AFF5092F71F0CBFDE" blockId="46.[171,1379,1134,1260]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
<heading id="9F638192FFD56A6AFF5092F71F0CBFDE" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFD56A6AFF5092F71EF8BFF1" bold="true" box="[172,248,1198,1219]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFD56A6AFEFD92F71C52BFF1" ID-CoL="6SCRK" authorityName="Parnaby" authorityYear="2002" box="[257,594,1198,1219]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulosus">
Nyctophile de 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFD56A6AFE6F92F71C52BFF1" box="[403,594,1198,1219]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Nouvelle-Calédonie</collectingCountry>
</vernacularName>
/ 
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFD56A6AFD9B92F71CC2BFF1" bold="true" box="[615,706,1198,1219]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFD56A6AFD3792F71A29BFF1" ID-CoL="6SCRK" authorityName="Parnaby" authorityYear="2002" box="[715,1065,1198,1219]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulosus">Neukaledonien-Langohrfledermaus</vernacularName>
/ 
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFD56A6AFBC292F71A9ABFF1" bold="true" box="[1086,1178,1198,1219]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFD56A6AFB5F92F71F0CBFDE" ID-CoL="6SCRK" authorityName="Parnaby" authorityYear="2002" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulosus">
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFD56A6AFB5F92F71AF2BFF1" ID-CoL="6SCRK" authorityName="Parnaby" authorityYear="2002" box="[1187,1266,1198,1219]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulosus">Nictofila</vernacularName>
de 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFD56A6AFAE092F71F0CBFDE" name="New Caledonia" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Nueva Caledonia</collectingCountry>
</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFD56A6AFCEC934E1D5ABE53" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD56A6AFCEC934E1D5ABE53" blockId="46.[784,1377,1303,1730]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFD56A6AFCEC934E1DABBE0A" bold="true" box="[784,939,1303,1336]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFD56A6AFC42934E1D55BE53" ID-CoL="6SCRK" authority="Parnaby, 2002" authorityName="Parnaby" authorityYear="2002" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulosus">Nyctophilus nebulosus Parnaby, 2002</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD56A6AFC9493111DE2BE9C" blockId="46.[784,1377,1303,1730]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FFD56A6AFC9493111DE2BE9C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319424" latitude="-22.176945" longitude="12.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
“Southwestern slopes of Mt Koghis, Nouméa, 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFD56A6AFC5893331A84BEB5" box="[932,1156,1386,1415]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
, 
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, 
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.”
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFD56A6AFCEE93EC1B37BD7E" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD56A6AFCEE93EC1B37BD7E" blockId="46.[784,1377,1303,1730]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFD56A6AFCEE93EC1A31BEE4" authorityName="Parnaby" authorityYear="2002" box="[786,1073,1461,1494]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulosus">Nyctophilus nebulosus</taxonomicName>
is tentatively in the 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFD56A6AFCED93851D62BECF" authorityName="Tomes" authorityYear="1858" box="[785,866,1500,1533]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gouldi">gouldi</taxonomicName>
group, but additional research is needed to determine its relationships to other species of 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFD56A6AFC0B90721A8CBD7E" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[1015,1164,1579,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nyctophilus</taxonomicName>
. Monotypic.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFD56A6AFCED900B1CC5BDDE" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" type="distribution">
<caption id="90EB6676FFD56A6AFCED900B1CC5BDDE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397946" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6397946/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" targetBox="[169,761,1314,1728]" targetPageId="46">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD56A6AFCED900B1CC5BDDE" blockId="46.[784,1377,1303,1730]" lastBlockId="46.[171,1379,1739,3273]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFD56A6AFCED900B1DC1BD41" bold="true" box="[785,961,1618,1651]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known only from Mt Koghis on S Grande Terre, 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFD56A6AFBDB90271AFEBDA9" box="[1063,1278,1662,1691]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
; an extensive bat survey in 2000-2001 failed to extend known localities of the species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFD56A6AFF5090A81B5FB115" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" type="description">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD56A6AFF5090A81B5FB115" blockId="46.[171,1379,1739,3273]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFD56A6AFF5090A81FA7BC20" bold="true" box="[172,423,1777,1810]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body 52-9-54-9 mm,tail 48-7-50-2 mm, ear 24-5-27-3 mm, forearm 42-4-43-5 mm; weight 9-4-12 g. The New Caledonian Long-eared Bat has very large ears and unique simple noseleaf consisting of two ridges, one further on muzzle and another immediately above nostrils, with vertical groove in middle and furred trough between them. Pelage of males and females differs, with males having dark reddish brown pelage dorsally and ventrally and females having chocolate-brown pelage. Rostrum is short and blunt, with ridge across muzzle over nostrils that is poorly developed, being low with shallow vertical groove. Ears are very large and broad, with bluntly rounded tips, horizontal ribbing on inner surfaces, inward curved anterior edges, and smooth posterior edges (ears can fold back at top of thick part of anterior edge); large and furred interauricular band crosses forehead between ears; tragus is small and bluntly rounded at tip, being convex on anterior margin. Glans penis is similar to that of Gould’s Long-eared Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFD56A6AFD019E931D7BB3D9" authorityName="Tomes" authorityYear="1858" box="[765,891,2250,2283]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gouldi">N. gouldi</taxonomicName>
), but urethral lappets are relatively larger and extend further distally, and medial dorsal groove is more pronounced. Baculum is ¢. 
<quantity id="036C9B1BFFD56A6AFECD9F401F81B208" box="[305,385,2329,2362]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
long, with moderately thin shaft (but thick in terms of 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFD56A6AFB7E9F401B16B208" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[1154,1302,2329,2362]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nyctophilus</taxonomicName>
) that constricts right before tip in dorsal view; tip is somewhat arrowhead-shaped, and base is strongly bifurcated; in lateral view, baculum is curved downward at base (where it 1s the thickest), but shaft is straight to narrowed tip. Skull is moderately robust and moderately narrow for the genus; basioccipital pits are moderately deep; tympanic bullae are moderately large; posterior part of palate is elongated; and M® and lower molars are moderately reduced for the genus (less reduced than in Gould’s Long-eared Bat).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFD56A6AFF519C771A30B1AC" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD56A6AFF519C771A30B1AC" blockId="46.[171,1379,1739,3273]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFD56A6AFF519C771F1CB17D" bold="true" box="[173,284,2606,2639]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Habitat.</emphasis>
Holotype and both paratypes were caught in a mist net set across a track in a small clearing in tall closed rainforest at an elevation of 
<quantity id="036C9B1BFFD56A6AFC1A9C0C1A3EB144" box="[998,1086,2645,2678]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" unit="m" value="430.0">430 m</quantity>
, suggesting the New Caledonian Long-eared Batis found in montane forest habitats.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFD56A6AFF529CFC1CA3B1F4" box="[174,675,2725,2758]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD56A6AFF529CFC1CA3B1F4" blockId="46.[171,1379,1739,3273]" box="[174,675,2725,2758]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFD56A6AFF529CFC1FB3B1F4" bold="true" box="[174,435,2725,2758]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
No information.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFD56A6AFF529C941C23B1DC" box="[174,547,2765,2798]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD56A6AFF529C941C23B1DC" blockId="46.[171,1379,1739,3273]" box="[174,547,2765,2798]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFD56A6AFF529C941F34B1DC" bold="true" box="[174,308,2765,2798]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Breeding.</emphasis>
No information.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFD56A6AFF509CAA1FE7B0BE" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" type="activity">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD56A6AFF509CAA1FE7B0BE" blockId="46.[171,1379,1739,3273]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFD56A6AFF509CAA1F96B026" bold="true" box="[172,406,2803,2836]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
The New Caledonian Long-eared Bat is nocturnal, and it likely roosts in tree hollows like other long-eared bats. A fossil specimen from the Late Holocene was found in Mé Auré Cave, but it was likely brought in by a predator rather than being where the bat roosted.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFD56A6AFF529DC81A5AB080" box="[174,1114,2961,2994]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD56A6AFF529DC81A5AB080" blockId="46.[171,1379,1739,3273]" box="[174,1114,2961,2994]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFD56A6AFF529DC81D6BB080" bold="true" box="[174,875,2961,2994]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
No information.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFD56A6AFF539DE11B4EB745" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD56A6AFF539DE11B4EB745" blockId="46.[171,1379,1739,3273]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFD56A6AFF539DE11C06B0EB" bold="true" box="[175,518,3000,3033]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Critically Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The New Caledonian Long-eared Bat is currently known from only four specimens collected on Mount Koghis in the early 1990s. If extant,it is likely threatened by ongoing habitat destruction across 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFD56A6AFE499A771C8AB77D" box="[437,650,3118,3151]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
and perhaps tourists frequent the mountain where is last recorded. Additional research on its distribution, ecology, and threats is needed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFD56A6AFF539ADF1F9CB7FB" pageId="46" pageNumber="804" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD56A6AFF539ADF1F9CB7FB" blockId="46.[171,1379,1739,3273]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFD56A6AFF539ADF1F48B7AD" bold="true" box="[175,328,3206,3231]" pageId="46" pageNumber="804">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Dobson (1878), Flannery (1995a), Hand &amp; Grant-Mackie (2012), Kirsch et al. (2002), Parnaby (2002a, 2008a, 2009).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>