treatments-xml/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FF366A89FF759C1F195BB11F.xml

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<mods:title id="98A46CE8FA42F4BE0469BF07724BC744">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D5804D2DDB3F9341C4B5A8F3CC8138F2">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0D80261DB45D106F72119F543A0D0FC6">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C4A6CCBFF80C1C6CAF90406152CFDC50">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF366A89FF759C1F1EDCB14A" blockId="205.[135,1159,2630,2723]" box="[137,220,2630,2680]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">
<heading id="9F638192FF366A89FF759C1F1EDCB14A" box="[137,220,2630,2680]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">
<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFF366A89FF759C1F1EDCB14A" box="[137,220,2630,2680]" captionStart="Plate 73: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="199.[131,161,3286,3311]" captionTargetBox="[12,2760,18,3659]" captionTargetPageId="198" captionText="449. Hairy-faced Myotis (Myotis annectans), 450. Frosted Myotis (Myotis pruinosus), 451. Yanbaru Whiskered Myotis (Myotis yanbarensis), 452. Long-toed Myotis (Myotis secundus), 453. Bornean Whiskered Myotis (Myotis borneoensis), 454. Malaysian Whiskered Myotis (Myotis federatus), 455. Indochinese Myotis (Myotis indochinensis), 456. Peyton’s Myotis (Myotis peytoni), 457. Burmese Whiskered Myotis (Myotis montivagus), 458. Long-fingered Myotis (Myotis capaccinii), 459. Chinese Water Myotis (Myotis laniger), 460. Csorba’s Myotis (Myotis csorbai), 461. Kashmir Cave Myotis (Myotis longipes), 462. Annamit Myotis (Myotis annamiticus), 463. Phan Luong’s Myotis (Myotis phanluongi), 464. Himalayan Whiskered Myotis (Myotis siligorensis), 465. Chestnut Myotis (Myotis badius), 466. Ridley’s Myotis (Myotis ridleyi), 467. Thick-thumbed Myotis (Myotis rosseti), 468. Horsfield’s Myotis (Myotis horsfieldii), 469. Pallid Large-footed Myotis (Myotis macrotarsus), 470. Stalker’s Myotis (Myotis stalkeri), 471. Gray Large-footed Myotis (Myotis adversus), 472. Maluku Myotis (Myotis moluccarum), 473. Southern Myotis (Myotis macropus), 474. Lesser Large-footed Myotis (Myotis hasseltii)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398948/files/figure.png" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">467.</figureCitation>
</heading>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF366A89FF179C1F1CC4B14A" box="[235,708,2630,2680]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF366A89FF179C1F1CC4B14A" blockId="205.[135,1159,2630,2723]" box="[235,708,2630,2680]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">
<heading id="9F638192FF366A89FF179C1F1CC4B14A" box="[235,708,2630,2680]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF366A89FF179C1F1CC4B14A" ID-CoL="8LZ5Q" baseAuthorityName="Oey" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[235,708,2630,2680]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosseti">Thick-thumbed Myotis</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF366A89FD059C1F1DF1B14A" blockId="205.[135,1159,2630,2723]" box="[761,1009,2630,2680]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">
<heading id="9F638192FF366A89FD059C1F1DF1B14A" box="[761,1009,2630,2680]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89FD059C1F1DF1B14A" ID-CoL="8LZ5Q" baseAuthorityName="Oey" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[761,1009,2630,2680]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosseti">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF366A89FD059C1F1DF1B14A" box="[761,1009,2630,2680]" italics="true" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">Myotis rosseti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF366A89FF749CD31A87B1AD" blockId="205.[135,1159,2630,2723]" box="[136,1159,2698,2719]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">
<heading id="9F638192FF366A89FF749CD31A87B1AD" box="[136,1159,2698,2719]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF366A89FF749CD31ED4B1AD" bold="true" box="[136,212,2698,2719]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF366A89FF229CD31F83B1AD" ID-CoL="8LZ5Q" baseAuthorityName="Oey" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[222,387,2698,2719]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosseti">Murin de Rosset</vernacularName>
/ 
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF366A89FE649CD31FF2B1AD" bold="true" box="[408,498,2698,2719]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF366A89FE009CD31D45B1AD" ID-CoL="8LZ5Q" baseAuthorityName="Oey" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[508,837,2698,2719]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosseti">Kambodscha-LangfuRfledermaus</vernacularName>
/ 
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF366A89FCA79CD31DB6B1AD" bold="true" box="[859,950,2698,2719]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF366A89FC3D9CD31A87B1AD" ID-CoL="8LZ5Q" baseAuthorityName="Oey" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[961,1159,2698,2719]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosseti">Ratonero de Rosset</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF366A89FD109C8F1B3AB1DD" box="[748,1338,2774,2799]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF366A89FD109C8F1B3AB1DD" blockId="205.[747,1341,2774,3194]" box="[748,1338,2774,2799]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF366A89FD109C8F1D87B1DD" bold="true" box="[748,903,2774,2799]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89FC5C9C8F1B35B1DD" ID-CoL="8LBSV" authority="Oey, 1951" authorityName="Oey" authorityYear="1951" box="[928,1333,2774,2799]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Glischropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosseti">Glischropus rosseti Oey, 1951</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF366A89FD119CAD1D83B027" box="[749,899,2804,2837]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF366A89FD119CAD1D83B027" blockId="205.[747,1341,2774,3194]" box="[749,899,2804,2837]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">
<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FF366A89FD119CAD1D83B027" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319735" box="[749,899,2804,2837]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF366A89FD119CAD1D7FB027" box="[749,895,2804,2837]" name="Cambodia" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF366A89FD109D781A54B731" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF366A89FD109D781A54B731" blockId="205.[747,1341,2774,3194]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">
Subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89FC7E9D781DD6B00C" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[898,982,2849,2878]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89FC179D781A64B00C" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1003,1124,2849,2878]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="horsfieldii">horsfieldii</taxonomicName>
species group. 
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF366A89FD109D1D1D1BB057" box="[748,795,2884,2917]" country="South Sudan" name="Lakes" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">See</collectingRegion>
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89FCD79D1D1DAAB057" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1898" box="[811,938,2884,2917]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ridleyi">M. ridleyi</taxonomicName>
. Based on neighbor-joining tree analysis in 2008, 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89FBD49D351AD2B0BF" baseAuthorityName="Oey" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[1064,1234,2924,2957]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosseti">Myotis rosseti</taxonomicName>
(partly as ndleyr) was related to 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89FBAE9DC11B07B087" authorityName="E. H. Taylor" authorityYear="1934" box="[1106,1287,2968,2997]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="browni">M. cf. browni</taxonomicName>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89FD129DE21D5CB0EE" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[750,860,3003,3036]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muricola">muricola</taxonomicName>
) and some “long-footed” 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89FB159DE21B3CB0EE" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1257,1340,3003,3036]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
(e.g. hasseltir). Monotypic.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF366A89FD179A4B1B28B792" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" type="distribution">
<caption id="90EB6676FF366A89FD179A4B1B28B792" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398928" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398928/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" targetBox="[132,723,2776,3190]" targetPageId="205">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF366A89FD179A4B1B28B792" blockId="205.[747,1341,2774,3194]" lastBlockId="205.[134,1339,3199,3469]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF366A89FD179A4B1D9BB719" bold="true" box="[747,923,3090,3115]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">Distribution.</emphasis>
S &amp; SE 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF366A89FBEC9A4B1A91B719" box="[1040,1169,3090,3115]" name="Thailand" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF366A89FB5E9A4B1B34B719" box="[1186,1332,3090,3115]" name="Cambodia" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
, S 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF366A89FCF99A6C1D47B760" box="[773,839,3125,3154]" name="Laos" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">Laos</collectingCountry>
, C &amp; S 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF366A89FC539A6C1A26B760" box="[943,1062,3125,3154]" name="Vietnam" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF366A89FBC29A6C1B3AB760" box="[1086,1338,3125,3154]" country="Vietnam" name="Ha Tinh" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">Ha Tinh Province</collectingRegion>
and Cat Tien Nadonal Park); in S 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF366A89FB069A041EC6B792" name="Vietnam" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">Vienam</collectingCountry>
, it might occur in nearby 
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF366A89FDC89A261D5EB792" box="[564,862,3199,3232]" country="Vietnam" name="Binh Phuoc" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">Binh Phuoc Province</collectingRegion>
where “bamboo” habitat occurs.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF366A89FF7A9AFF18DCBE56" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" type="description">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF366A89FF7A9AFF18DCBE56" blockId="205.[134,1339,3199,3469]" lastBlockId="205.[1411,2626,284,2608]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF366A89FF7A9AFF1F83B7F5" bold="true" box="[134,387,3238,3271]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body 
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF366A89FDB89AFF1CDCB7F5" box="[580,732,3238,3271]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="4.7" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" unit="mm" value="41.5" valueMax="47.0" valueMin="36.0">36-47 mm</quantity>
, tail 
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF366A89FCD69AFF1DC3B7F5" box="[810,963,3238,3271]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" unit="mm" value="37.0" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="32.0">32-42 mm</quantity>
, ear 
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, hindfoot 5-1-7- 
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF366A89FF269A971F33B7DD" box="[218,307,3278,3311]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
, forearm 27- 
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF366A89FE099A971C7AB7DD" box="[501,634,3278,3311]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" unit="mm" value="18.0" valueMax="31.0" valueMin="5.0">5-31 mm</quantity>
; weight 3-8- 
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. The Thick-thumbed 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89FB5A9A971AFFB7DD" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1190,1279,3278,3311]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
has thick pinkish pads on thumbs and small triangular pads on feet. Fur is relatively short, light gray to dark grayish brown on upperparts, with hairs having dark brown bases and pale tips. Underparts are lighter. Ears are gray, long, and funnelshaped, with distinctive emargination on outer margins. Tragus (6-2-6- 
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF366A89FC6E9B351DE6B6BF" box="[914,998,3436,3469]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
) is ¢.50% of ear length, thickened at base, and angled forward, tapering to tip. Muzzle and limbs are pinkish and not especially pigmented. Wing membrane is dark gray, and uropatagium is attached just below ankle. Calcar lobe is more or less developed. The Thick-thumbed 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89FA7197CB1BE6BA81" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1421,1510,402,435]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
differs from other species of 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89F87497CB19DBBA81" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1928,2011,402,435]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
by thickened pads on thumbs and feet and absence of P’ and P,. Ridley’s 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89F8C297E31997BAE9" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1854,1943,442,475]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89F84D97E31631BAE9" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1898" box="[1969,2097,442,475]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ridleyi">M. ridleyi</taxonomicName>
) and the Thick-thumbed 
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can be readily recognized among other 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89F88397B819D3B930" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1919,2003,481,514]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
by their expanded, globose braincase, shortened, massive rostrum, and reduced premolar number. 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89F74E94481782B918" box="[2226,2434,529,554]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Glischropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">Glischropus spp.</taxonomicName>
have shorter and broader ears, smaller and more rounded tragus, smaller and pinker thumb and foot pads, and distinctive upperincisors. Ridley’s 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89F7A0940E16B6B94A" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2140,2230,599,632]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
is more blackish and lacks thumb pads. Characteristic thumb and foot pads of the Thick-thumbed 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89F658942617FEB992" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2468,2558,639,672]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
also are found in one or more species of 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89F87794FF1617B9F5" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" box="[1931,2071,678,711]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pipistrellus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89F7D594FF16BAB9F5" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1875" box="[2089,2234,678,711]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Glischropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Glischropus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89F73594FF175AB9F5" authorityName="Conisbee" authorityYear="1953" box="[2249,2394,678,711]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eudiscopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Eudiscopus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89F69194FF17FDB9F5" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1872" box="[2413,2557,678,711]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tylonycteris</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89FA7094971842B9DD" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1868" box="[1420,1602,718,751]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hesperoptenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hesperoptenus</taxonomicName>
. These distinctive morphological features also suggest Thick-thumbed 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89FA7794AC1BE4B824" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1419,1508,757,790]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
are confined to bamboo associations. Baculum of a Thick-thumbed 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89F61A94AC1440B824" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2534,2624,757,790]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
from southern 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF366A89F9A3954518D7B80F" box="[1631,1751,796,829]" name="Vietnam" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
was moderately large (1- 
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in length), relatively wide, and weakly converging forward, with wide rounded tip; border between main body and “wings” was not apparent, and thickened edges were absent; upper side was concaved and had large rounded protrusion in basal one-third hanging over wide and shallow basal notch; and urethral groove was wide and deep. Skull is similar to that of Ridley’s 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89FA7795BB1BE7BF31" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1419,1511,994,1027]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
, but braincase is a little more swollen frontally; interorbital region is shorter; rostrum is slightly shorter and wider, median depression is shallower and less clearly defined; narial emargination is more nearly U-shaped rather than V-shaped as in Ridley’s 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89FA2E9201182EBF4B" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1490,1582,1112,1145]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
, not extending as far posteriorly; basial depressions more pronounced. Dentition of the Thick-thumbed 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89F89992D919BEBF93" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1893,1982,1152,1185]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
is reduced with only 34 teeth. P* and P, are lacking. I? is short and wide and has anterior and posterior cusp, the former cusp is prominent and twice the height of the latter. I is ¢.50% the size of I,. Canines have strong cingulum but no prominent cingulum cusps and are only slightly taller than posterior premolars. Condylo-canine lengths are 10-5-11- 
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; maxillary tooth row lengths are 4-1-4- 
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF366A89FA7493341648BD60" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF366A89FA7493341648BD60" blockId="205.[1411,2626,284,2608]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF366A89FA7493341BF8BEBC" bold="true" box="[1416,1528,1389,1422]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">Habitat.</emphasis>
Densely forested mountain slopes, narrow valleys, and turbulent boulder strewn rivers (northern 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF366A89F91493CD1967BE87" box="[1768,1895,1428,1461]" name="Vietnam" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
), semi-open landscapes with large number of tall bamboo (southern 
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), disturbed habitats, and urban areas up to elevations of ¢. 
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. Recent captures suggest that the Thick-thumbed 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89F6F793BA1765BD36" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2315,2405,1507,1540]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
is confined to bamboo associations and particularly adapted to using bamboo stems. In 
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,it roosted in tree hollows, house roofs, and bamboo.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF366A89FA7490001949BD92" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF366A89FA7490001949BD92" blockId="205.[1411,2626,284,2608]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF366A89FA7490001897BD48" bold="true" box="[1416,1687,1625,1658]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
The Thick-thumbed 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89F82B90001631BD48" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2007,2097,1625,1658]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
is known to forage for insects over disturbed areas including fields.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF366A89FA7B90F11687BC0D" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF366A89FA7B90F11687BC0D" blockId="205.[1411,2626,284,2608]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF366A89FA7B90F1180EBDFB" bold="true" box="[1415,1550,1704,1737]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">Breeding.</emphasis>
In Cat Tien, male Thick-thumbed 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89F80B90F11651BDFB" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2039,2129,1704,1737]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
with enlarged testes were observed in April-May and a pregnant female in November. Females captured in 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF366A89F66090891414BDC3" box="[2460,2580,1744,1777]" name="Vietnam" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
in November had conspicuous evidence of post-lactation, suggesting late summer or early autumn birth and thus polyestrous reproduction.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF366A89FA79911F141EB31E" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" type="activity">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF366A89FA79911F141EB31E" blockId="205.[1411,2626,284,2608]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF366A89FA79911F1871BC55" bold="true" box="[1413,1649,1862,1895]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
In Cat Loc (Cat Tien National Park), the Thick-thumbed 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89F655911F1403BC55" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2473,2563,1862,1895]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
foraged c. 
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aboveground among thickets and over cornfields in semi-disturbed and agricultural landscapes. An interesting community of bats adapted to living in bamboo stems, including poorly known species such as the Thick-thumbed 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89F6DA91E41782BCEC" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2342,2434,1981,2014]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
, the Indochinese Thick-thumbed Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89F90791BD162EB337" authorityName="Csorba" authorityYear="2011" box="[1787,2094,2020,2053]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Glischropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucephalus">Glischropus bucephalus</taxonomicName>
), and the mysterious Disk-footed Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89FA6E9E5218B5B31E" baseAuthorityName="Osgood" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[1426,1717,2059,2092]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eudiscopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="denticulus">Eudiscopus denticulus</taxonomicName>
), occupy extensive bamboo-dominated formations in Cat Loc.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF366A89FA7A9E6E1761B349" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF366A89FA7A9E6E1761B349" blockId="205.[1411,2626,284,2608]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF366A89FA7A9E6E1649B366" bold="true" box="[1414,2121,2103,2132]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
Heavy infestations of ectoparasites (nycteribiid flies) on Thick-thumbed 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89F86B9E0319F0B349" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1943,2032,2138,2171]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
suggest gregarious habits.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF366A89FA7A9EDB16FFB255" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF366A89FA7A9EDB16FFB255" blockId="205.[1411,2626,284,2608]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF366A89FA7A9EDB18EBB391" bold="true" box="[1414,1771,2178,2211]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Extent of occurrence of the Thick-thumbed 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF366A89F8599EF019FEB3F8" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1957,2046,2217,2250]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
is greater than 
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2, and recent evidence shows thatit has a wider distribution than was previously known. It has been reported in disturbed habitat and urban areas in some parts ofits distribution suggesting that it is tolerant of disturbance. Its populations are not believed to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF366A89FA799F2E195BB11F" pageId="205" pageNumber="967" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF366A89FA799F2E195BB11F" blockId="205.[1411,2626,284,2608]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF366A89FA799F2E181FB2A2" bold="true" box="[1413,1567,2423,2448]" pageId="205" pageNumber="967">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Amador et al. (2018), Bates et al. (1999), Borisenko &amp; Ivanova (2003), Borisenko &amp; Kruskop (2003), Borisenko, Kruskop &amp; Ivanova (2008), Corbet &amp; Hill (1992), Csorba, Bumrungsri &amp; Bates (2008), Francis (2008a), Francis et al. (2010), Hill (1969a), Hill &amp; Topal (1973), Kock (2000), Koopman (1994), Kruskop (2013a, 2013b), Lekagul &amp; McNeely (1988), Oey (1951), Pearch &amp; Writer (2009), Ruedi et al. (2013), Simmons (2005), Thomas et al. (2013), Thong Vu Dinh (2015).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>