278 lines
31 KiB
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278 lines
31 KiB
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<document id="8E5975021D02AA76C318FF2D756F4F8A" ID-CLB-Dataset="198845" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.574.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="350315c7-bca0-4eac-a4cb-379a6481a6b8" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7380966" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1669806870762" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Marcano, Vicente" docDate="2022" docId="6E2A87A9F43EFFDEC1FBFB4FFB3DE587" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.574.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 574 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.574.3.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Dictyonema laurae V. Marcano 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="215" masterDocId="9213FFD1F430FFCEC174FFC1FF85E47B" masterDocTitle="Eight new species of lichenized Basidiomycota in the genera Acantholichen, Cyphellostereum and Dictyonema s. str. (Agaricales, Hygrophoraceae) from northern South America" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="199" pageNumber="213" updateTime="1699412310097" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D80BAA9ED0337D01A2434C965AE947D5">
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<mods:title id="4D57E6043AF13D7F9C024DBDE83321C9">Eight new species of lichenized Basidiomycota in the genera Acantholichen, Cyphellostereum and Dictyonema s. str. (Agaricales, Hygrophoraceae) from northern South America</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="998FE6D900C1EA7990ADC1649BAD371D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="60A1034D31EE2419548EE640DD4C53F8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1FD95E9DD3F29F9056353FDD5D0AE95C">Marcano, Vicente</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E8CB0E190E8D9446ADB17CB8855602EA" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0068-6642</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="F9C777BEA868DFE33B42207025B134A6">Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva y de Organismos Extremos, Grupo de Ciencias Atmosféricas y el Espacio, Facultad de Ciencias & Biological Station “ Vicente Marcano ”, Kailasha Organization, Sierra Nevada National Park, Raiz de Agua Road, Mérida, Venezuela. vicente. marcano @ gmail. com, https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0068 - 6642</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1E9CC71FEB9FB16E1A16DF97FD4FF229">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="A1062A996FB9906356FF71DA23A7F81D">
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<mods:title id="B935E69E84DB2E2F19510AFCA506523E">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="91DA05FE1826FB257F68E92E32C0C98D">
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<mods:date id="D53EB46699870B2115F707E29AD25C81">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="C670D44094D5111FE8D3810CA6ECDC86" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="6DA4B616E0958BA03377C72C1A5A4589">2022-11-30</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:number id="4FA0DA27421200EE6623E7D3E460F3F0">574</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="5EB6DD21D6C35339A32DD3D6DEB7D7EB" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="9F3782FF9DA3F0062BF39CA872E493B3">3</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="3A40492D7AFC464DA3985FDD2E961EEA">199</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="DC3E489508C3FB934736EBC39B0EC24D">225</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:location id="20060F83099F663FCE6EC18E23C7C9BC">
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<mods:url id="7FA59E267EA5015CA2C9886BA085B939">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.574.3.1</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="4E9385FDC8D8F10B7E5E3E6A1FE8867E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5271D7527B8A91D00DA0961A8E9F5F33" type="CLB-Dataset">198845</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C6A0787C71057224B0984B6F60821708" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.574.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6264355459CE5D55A92609FD67032937" type="GBIF-Dataset">350315c7-bca0-4eac-a4cb-379a6481a6b8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A725865AF71E51C6563803B33CBC6043" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F2F6A887F15498097607449A31F405F5" type="Zenodo-Dep">7380966</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="6E2A87A9F43EFFDEC1FBFB4FFB3DE587" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7386640" ID-GBIF-Taxon="205351363" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7386640" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E2A87A9F43EFFDEC1FBFB4FFB3DE587" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E2A87A9F43EFFDEC1FBFB4FFB3DE587" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="215" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">
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<subSubSection id="AE996534F43EFFC0C1FBFB4FFEEBE0B7" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43EFFC0C1FBFB4FFEEBE0B7" blockId="14.[136,741,1166,1228]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">
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5)
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<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43EFFC0C1D9FB4FFD9EE0D3" ID-CoL="B2X6L" authority="V. Marcano" authorityName="V. Marcano" authorityYear="2022" box="[173,539,1166,1193]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="laurae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C1D9FB4FFD9EE0D3" bold="true" box="[173,539,1166,1193]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C1D9FB4FFE0FE0D2" bold="true" box="[173,394,1166,1193]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">Dictyonema laurae</emphasis>
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V. Marcano
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C35DFB4EFD0FE0D3" bold="true" box="[553,650,1166,1193]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="CFC457D6F43EFFC0C35DFB4EFD07E0D3" box="[553,642,1166,1193]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C35DFB4EFDFFE0D2" bold="true" box="[553,634,1167,1193]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">sp. nov</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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;
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</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="7EB82A3AF43EFFC0C3EDFB4FFD59E0D3" box="[665,732,1166,1192]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[136,229,1600,1622]" captionTargetBox="[206,1385,370,1566]" captionTargetId="figure-86@15.[181,1405,350,1578]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Dictyonema laurae. A. Habit of the species growing on bryophytes, scale = 2.5 cm. B. Thalli showing irregular, ascendant to erect fibrils, scale = 1 cm. C. Close up showing hymenophore developed on the underside, scale = 0.4 cm. D. Details on aeruginous fibrils of the thallus upper layer, scale = 0.2 cm. Photos by V. Marcano." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7380982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7380982/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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) Mycobank MB#840644
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AE996534F43EFFC0C1FCFB3BFDC3E127" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43EFFC0C1FCFB3BFDC3E127" blockId="14.[136,1452,1274,2093]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">
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Diagnosis:—
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C068FB3AFDC3E127" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">
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Sicut
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<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43EFFC0C028FB3AFD8BE16F" box="[348,526,1274,1300]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="subsericeum">D. subsericeum</taxonomicName>
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, sed hyphis non fibulatis differt.
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<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43EFFC0C2F4FB3BFBD5E16F" box="[896,1104,1274,1300]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Thallus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="muscicola">Thallus muscicola</taxonomicName>
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, byssaceus, tenuis, marginibus elevatis, pagina hirsuta. Hymenocarpus resupinatus. Hymenium N reagens (roseus). Sporis elliptis, hyalinis, non septatis, 10–12 μm longis, 7–8 μm latis.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AE996534F43EFFC0C1C9FAA7FBB4E1DF" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43EFFC0C1C9FAA7FBB4E1DF" blockId="14.[136,1452,1274,2093]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">
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<materialsCitation id="56EB3CE2F43EFFC0C1C9FAA7FBA8E1DF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3979525305" collectingDate="2021-07-17" collectionCode="MER" collectorName="V. Marcano" country="Venezuela" elevation="2650" location="Raiz de Agua" municipality="Parque Sierra Nevada" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Merida" typeStatus="holotype">
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Type:—
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<collectingCountry id="9E94762FF43EFFC0C063FAA7FE46E1FB" box="[279,451,1382,1408]" name="Venezuela" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="2447F85DF43EFFC0C0BAFAA7FDA6E1FB" box="[462,547,1382,1408]" country="Venezuela" name="Merida" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">Mérida</collectingRegion>
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:
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<collectingMunicipality id="0658ACC5F43EFFC0C35BFAA6FCA0E1FB" box="[559,805,1382,1409]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">Parque Sierra Nevada</collectingMunicipality>
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de Mérida,
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<location id="E35C6064F43EFFC0C2DBFAA7FBCDE1FB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E2A87A9F43EFFDEC1FBFB4FFB3DE587:E35C6064F43EFFC0C2DBFAA7FBCDE1FB" box="[943,1096,1382,1408]" country="Venezuela" municipality="Parque Sierra Nevada" name="Raiz de Agua" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" stateProvince="Merida">Raiz de Agua</location>
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cloud forests, elev.
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<quantity id="217B9B5AF43EFFC0C45FFAA7FA06E1FA" box="[1323,1411,1382,1409]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" unit="m" value="2650.0">
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<elevation id="6DAED18CF43EFFC0C45FFAA7FA06E1FA" box="[1323,1411,1382,1409]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" unit="m" value="2650.0">2650 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<date id="923D107FF43EFFC0C4FBFAA7FF7CE1DF" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" value="2021-07-17">
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<collectingDate id="8279E997F43EFFC0C4FBFAA7FF7CE1DF" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" value="2021-07-17">17 July 2021</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C070FA4AFE48E1DF" box="[260,461,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">
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<collectorName id="4B765369F43EFFC0C070FA4AFE00E1DF" box="[260,389,1419,1444]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">V. Marcano</collectorName>
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21-65
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</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus id="3938881DF43EFFC0C0A8FA4BFDC5E1DF" box="[476,576,1418,1444]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode id="8092AE7AF43EFFC0C332FA4AFD03E1DE" box="[582,646,1419,1445]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">MER</collectionCode>
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, isotype B, private herb. V. Marcano)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AE996534F43EFFC0C1C9FA6FFD21E197" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43EFFC0C1C9FA6FFD21E197" blockId="14.[136,1452,1274,2093]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">Etymology:—The epithet is dedicated to the naturalist Laura Castillo who has contributed with the author to the study of lichens and in discovering new species.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AE996534F43EFFC0C1C9FA37FAD2EC56" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43EFFC0C1C9FA37FDA8E303" blockId="14.[136,1452,1274,2093]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">
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Description:—
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C010FA37FE3DE26B" box="[356,440,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">Thallus</emphasis>
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on liverworts or mosses, byssaceous, filamentous, forming a thin crust, epiphytic on tree branches.
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C18EF9DBFE2DE24F" box="[250,424,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">Thallus surface</emphasis>
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irregular, more or less continuous, covering up to
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<quantity id="217B9B5AF43EFFC0C292F9DBFBA9E24E" box="[998,1068,1562,1589]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" unit="cm" value="12.0">12 cm</quantity>
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across, greenish blue, developing a mat of cyanobacterial fibrils leaving interspaces, bordered by a discontinuous, fibrillose, narrow, white margin projecting vertical from the substrate,
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<quantity id="217B9B5AF43EFFC0C330F9A3FD21E206" box="[580,676,1634,1661]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity>
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broad; surface hirsute.
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C2CCF9A3FA9BE207" box="[952,1310,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">Thallus (when fresh) in section</emphasis>
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<quantity id="217B9B5AF43EFFC0C45DF9A3FA29E206" box="[1321,1452,1634,1661]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.875" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.75" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" unit="mm" value="1.875" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.75">1.75–2 mm</quantity>
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thick, composed of a loose, white medulla (
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<quantity id="217B9B5AF43EFFC0C305F947FD76E2DB" box="[625,755,1670,1697]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.75" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" unit="mm" value="0.875" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.75">0.75–1 mm</quantity>
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) (hypothallus) and a broad, very loose aeruginous upper layer (
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<quantity id="217B9B5AF43EFFC0C1E5F96BFE93E2BF" box="[145,278,1706,1733]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.125" metricValueMax="1.25" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" unit="mm" value="1.125" valueMax="1.25" valueMin="1.0">1–1.25 mm</quantity>
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) composed of irregularly arranged, long, white fibrils mixed with photobiont filaments (
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<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43EFFC0C46AF96BFA1FE2BF" box="[1310,1434,1706,1732]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Rhizonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C46AF96BFA1FE2BF" box="[1310,1434,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">Rhizonema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); cyanobacterial filaments wrapped in a closed hyphal sheath formed by jigsaw puzzle-shaped cells; cyanobacterial filaments not divided, composed of 12–17 μm wide and 7–8 μm high, bluish green cells penetrated by tubular fungal hyphae (haustoria);
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C01DF8D7FE62E34B" box="[361,487,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">heterocytes</emphasis>
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frequent, bright yellow, elliptic, 10–12 μm wide and 5–8 μm high; hyphae associated with hyphal sheath straight, hyaline, 5–7 μm thick, smooth towards the tips of the filaments;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C5F1F8FBFA26E32F" box="[1157,1443,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">clamp connections absent</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
; hyphal sheath waxy in lateral outline.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43EFFC0C1C9F843FAD2EC56" blockId="14.[136,1452,1274,2093]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C1C9F843FEDEE3E7" box="[189,347,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">Hymenophore</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(when fresh) developed as small, angular to elongate, white, resupinate patches dispersed on the underside and resembling small, isomorphic attachment, small hapters (250–300 × 300–500 μm) with white, finely reticulate surface and entire margins; hymenophore composed of a paraplectenchymatous layer connected to loose medullary hyphae, 6.25–7.5 μm wide;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C321F82FFD4DEC73" box="[597,712,2030,2056]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">hymenium</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
composed of numerous, palisade-like
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C5E1F82FFA82EC73" box="[1173,1287,2030,2056]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">basidioles</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and scattered basidia;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C192F7D3FEBDEC57" box="[230,312,2066,2092]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">basidia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
32–39 × 5–7 μm, 4-sterigmate;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C3DDF7D3FCC1EC57" box="[681,836,2066,2092]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">basidiospores</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
elliptic, non-septate, hyaline, 10–12 × 7–8 μm.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="AE996534F43FFFC1C1C9FF5FFC5CE4A7" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" type="biology_ecology">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43FFFC1C1C9FF5FFC5CE4A7" blockId="15.[136,1451,158,328]" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Chemistry:—Thallus K–, C–, KC–, P–; medulla K–, C–, KC–, P–, N+ (pink), ER+ (pale bluish purple); basidiocarp K–, C–, KC–, P–, N–, ER– (n = 6). No lichen compounds detected by TLC.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="AE996534F43FFFC1C1C9FF27FE26E533" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" type="distribution">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43FFFC1C1C9FF27FE26E533" blockId="15.[136,1451,158,328]" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">
|
|||
|
|
Distribution and Ecology:—
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43FFFC1C08AFF26FD53E57B" box="[510,726,230,256]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="laurae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43FFFC1C08AFF26FD53E57B" box="[510,726,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Dictyonema laurae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
was found growing as an epiphyte on bryophytes in the canopy of partly shady and very humid rainforests at elev.
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="217B9B5AF43FFFC1C3B5FECBFCD9E55E" box="[705,860,266,293]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="2.65" metricValueMin="2.45" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" unit="m" value="2550.0" valueMax="2650.0" valueMin="2450.0">2450–2650 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="7EB82A3AF43FFFC1C21FFECBFC40E55F" box="[875,965,266,292]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[136,229,1600,1622]" captionTargetBox="[206,1385,370,1566]" captionTargetId="figure-86@15.[181,1405,350,1578]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Dictyonema laurae. A. Habit of the species growing on bryophytes, scale = 2.5 cm. B. Thalli showing irregular, ascendant to erect fibrils, scale = 1 cm. C. Close up showing hymenophore developed on the underside, scale = 0.4 cm. D. Details on aeruginous fibrils of the thallus upper layer, scale = 0.2 cm. Photos by V. Marcano." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7380982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7380982/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). It is associated with
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43FFFC1C5C9FECAFAB0E55E" box="[1213,1333,267,293]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" genus="Grammitis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43FFFC1C5C9FECAFAB0E55E" box="[1213,1333,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Grammitis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43FFFC1C437FECBFA2EE55F" authorityName="Browne" authorityYear="1756" box="[1347,1451,266,292]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Cladoniaceae" genus="Cladonia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43FFFC1C437FECBFA2EE55F" box="[1347,1451,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Cladonia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43FFFC1C1C3FEEEFE26E533" box="[183,419,302,328]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43FFFC1C1C3FEEEFEC1E533" box="[183,324,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Parmotrema</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
species.
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="B2FC6637F43FFFC1C1FCF981FD70E2E6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7380982" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7380982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7380982/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" startId="15.[136,229,1600,1622]" targetBox="[206,1385,370,1566]" targetPageId="15">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43FFFC1C1FCF981FD70E2E6" blockId="15.[136,1452,1600,1694]" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43FFFC1C1FCF981FF78E22E" bold="true" box="[136,253,1600,1622]" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43FFFC1C077F981FE39E22E" box="[259,444,1600,1621]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="laurae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43FFFC1C077F981FE39E22E" box="[259,444,1600,1621]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Dictyonema laurae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. A. Habit of the species growing on bryophytes, scale = 2.5 cm. B. Thalli showing irregular, ascendant to erect fibrils, scale = 1 cm. C. Close up showing hymenophore developed on the underside, scale = 0.4 cm. D. Details on aeruginous fibrils of the thallus upper layer, scale = 0.2 cm. Photos by V. Marcano.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="AE996534F43FFFDEC1C9F90DFB3DE587" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="215" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" type="discussion">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43FFFC1C1C9F90DFEE8EC50" blockId="15.[136,1452,1740,2091]" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">
|
|||
|
|
Remarks:—
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43FFFC1C031F90CFD99E29D" box="[325,540,1740,1766]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="laurae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43FFFC1C031F90CFD99E29D" box="[325,540,1740,1766]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Dictyonema laurae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is characterized by a thallus forming a thin crust (
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="217B9B5AF43FFFC1C525F90DFB52E29D" box="[1105,1239,1740,1767]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.875" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.75" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" unit="mm" value="1.875" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.75">1.75–2 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
), with an irregular, continuous, greenish blue, hirsute surface, with discontinuous, fibrillose, narrow margins ascending from the substrate, hapteriform hymenophore patches with finely reticulate surface and entire margins, absence of clamp connections on the hyphae, large basidiospores, and a positive N spot test (pink).
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43FFFC1C20BF8F8FBDCE329" box="[895,1113,1848,1874]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="laurae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43FFFC1C20BF8F8FBDCE329" box="[895,1113,1848,1874]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Dictyonema laurae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is similar to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43FFFC1C587F8F8FA21E329" box="[1267,1444,1848,1874]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="subsericeum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43FFFC1C587F8F8FA21E329" box="[1267,1444,1848,1874]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">D. subsericeum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
; which occupies the same habitat and has hymenophores resembling attachment hapters. However,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43FFFC1C58EF89CFA2EE30D" box="[1274,1451,1884,1910]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="subsericeum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43FFFC1C58EF89CFA2EE30D" box="[1274,1451,1884,1910]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">D. subsericeum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
has a thallus forming a thicker crust (
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="217B9B5AF43FFFC1C335F841FD22E3E1" box="[577,679,1920,1947]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
), with filamentous lobes, semicircular or hemispherical, projecting horizontally from the substrate, is variable in color (white, greenish blue, brown), size and shape (semicircular and hemispherical), with clamp connections on the hyphae, wider cyanobacterial cells, with a larger, irregular hapteriform hymenophore with more or less smooth or pruinose surface and fibrillose margins, smaller basidiospores, and a negative N spot test.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF420FFDEC1C9FF5EFE87E5CF" blockId="16.[136,1452,158,509]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF420FFDEC1C9FF5EFE1CE4C3" box="[189,409,158,184]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="laurae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC1C9FF5EFE1CE4C3" box="[189,409,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Dictyonema laurae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is also like
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF420FFDEC35AFF5EFBBDE4C3" authority="Lucking, Dal Forno & Wilk" authorityName="Lucking, Dal Forno & Wilk" box="[558,1080,158,185]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="hapteriferum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC35AFF5EFD63E4C3" box="[558,742,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">D. hapteriferum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Lücking, Dal Forno & Wilk
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="82124B4EF420FFDEC53EFF5FFAEAE4C3" author="Lucking, R. & Dal Forno, M. & Wilk, K. & Lawrey, J. D." box="[1098,1391,158,184]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" pagination="4 - 16" refId="ref17535" refString="Lucking, R., Dal Forno, M., Wilk, K. & Lawrey, J. D. (2013 b) Three new species of Dictyonema (lichenized Basidiomycota: Hygrophoraceae) from Bolivia. Acta Nova 6: 4 - 16." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
|||
|
|
Lücking
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC5C0FF5EFB74E4C3" box="[1204,1265,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2013b: 11
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) and
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC1FCFF02FEC8E4A7" box="[136,333,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF420FFDEC1FCFF02FECCE4A7" box="[136,329,194,220]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="subinvolutum">D. subinvolutum</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
However,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF420FFDEC0BAFF02FD03E4A7" box="[462,646,194,220]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="hapteriferum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC0BAFF02FD03E4A7" box="[462,646,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">D. hapteriferum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is characterized by an absence of clamp connections, cyanobacterial filaments composed of 10–12 μm wide cells, a hymenophore resembling large attachment hapters but has semicircular, shelf-like, filamentous lobes and hymenophore with beige surface; it is known only from
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="9E94762FF420FFDEC52BFECBFB34E55F" box="[1119,1201,266,292]" name="Bolivia" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="9E94762FF420FFDEC590FECBFA9EE55F" box="[1252,1307,266,292]" name="Peru" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Perú</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF420FFDEC450FECAFE9AE533" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="subinvolutum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC450FECAFE9AE533" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Dictyonema subinvolutum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
has a thallus developing a mat of interwoven fungal-cyanobacterial fibrils, leaving interspaces connected by a defined hypothallus; the cyanobacterial filaments are 12–15 μm wide, have clamp connections, and the basidiocarp surface is pruinose with slightly involute margins. Both species
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF420FFDEC23BFEB6FC3FE5EB" box="[847,954,374,400]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="laurae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC23BFEB6FC3FE5EB" box="[847,954,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">D. laurae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF420FFDEC284FEB6FB2DE5EB" box="[1008,1192,374,400]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="subinvolutum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC284FEB6FB2DE5EB" box="[1008,1192,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">D. subinvolutum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
show a positive N spot test (pink).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF420FFDEC1C9FE7FFB3DE587" blockId="16.[136,1452,158,509]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">
|
|||
|
|
Additional specimens examined (
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="3938881DF420FFDEC349FE7FFD28E5A3" box="[573,685,446,472]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
):—
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="2447F85DF420FFDEC3A2FE7FFCA9E5A3" box="[726,812,446,472]" country="Venezuela" name="Merida" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Mérida</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
: Parque Sierra
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="2447F85DF420FFDEC2ABFE7FFBB0E5A3" box="[991,1077,446,472]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
de
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="2447F85DF420FFDEC517FE7FFB32E5A3" box="[1123,1207,446,472]" country="Venezuela" name="Merida" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Mérida</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
, Raiz de Agua cloud forests, elev.
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="217B9B5AF420FFDEC068FE23FEF6E586" box="[284,371,482,509]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" unit="m" value="2450.0">2450 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<date id="923D107FF420FFDEC00AFE23FD97E587" box="[382,530,482,508]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" value="2021-07-17">17 July 2021</date>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC369FE22FCB3E587" box="[541,822,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">V. Marcano 21-78, 21-79</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(MER, private herb. V. Marcano).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|