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<document id="62C9138844CFBEF19E788D7262D4091A" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.jcz.2022.05.002" ID-ISSN="1873-2674" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10375952" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1702546514093" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Franzese, Sebastián, Mutti, Leonardo D., Tropea, Carolina &amp; Ivanov, Verónica A." docDate="2022" docId="039EC10C5B01FFFDFFE5D62AFC6CF838" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolAnz.299.1-20.pdf" docOrigin="Zoologischer Anzeiger 299" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2022.05.002" docStyle="DocumentStyle:32483D6D135DE2FF927BA3F1400E0FFD.1:ZoolAnz.2022-.journal_article" docStyleId="32483D6D135DE2FF927BA3F1400E0FFD" docStyleName="ZoolAnz.2022-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 Carvajal &amp; Dailey 1975" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FFA7B9745B06FFF7FF81D21EFFA5FF8F" masterDocTitle="Morphological study of members of the genus Echeneibothrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea: Echeneibothriidae) from rajiform skates of the Argentine Sea and analysis of the phylogenetic relationships within the family Echeneibothriidae" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1702548751733" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C4098BE8C57DF671423AD6379954E8BE">Morphological study of members of the genus Echeneibothrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea: Echeneibothriidae) from rajiform skates of the Argentine Sea and analysis of the phylogenetic relationships within the family Echeneibothriidae</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8B88701A5B01FFF0FFE5D62AFEA3FBEC" blockId="7.[100,754,1076,1124]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="D0C0C7765B01FFF0FFE5D62AFEA3FBEC" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B943AC085B01FFF0FFE5D62AFEA3FBEC" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B943AC085B01FFF0FFE5D62AFF2DFBC8" bold="true" box="[100,136,1076,1095]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C370B995B01FFF0FF14D62AFD33FBC8" ID-CoL="6DTZZ" authority="Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975" authorityName="Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 Carvajal &amp; Dailey" authorityYear="1975" box="[149,662,1076,1096]" class="Cestoda" family="Echeneibothriidae" genus="Echeneibothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="multiloculatum">
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Echeneibothrium multiloculatum 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA60DEB5B01FFF0FE3BD62AFDA3FBC8" author="Carvajal, J. &amp; Dailey, M. D." box="[442,518,1076,1095]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="89 - 94" refId="ref16892" refString="Carvajal, J., Dailey, M. D., 1975. Three new species of Echeneibothrium (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) from the skate, Raja chilensis Guichenot, 1848, with comments on mode of attachment and host specificity. J. Parasitol. 61, 89 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3279115." type="journal article" year="1975">Carvajal</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis id="B943AC085B01FFF0FDA2D62AFD33FBC8" bold="true" box="[547,662,1076,1095]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Dailey, 1975</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B943AC085B01FFF0FD1DD62AFEA3FBEC" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
(
<figureCitation id="130C6C9F5B01FFF0FD24D62AFD49FBC8" box="[677,748,1076,1095]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[100,130,1406,1423]" captionTargetBox="[303,1284,158,1376]" captionTargetId="figure-368@4.[301,1286,148,1378]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Light micrographs of whole mature worms of Echeneibothrium spp. from the Argentine Sea. (A) Echeneibothrium cristinae sp. nov. from Bathyraja cousseauae (holotype MACN-Pa No. 734). (B) Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 740/8). (C) Echeneibothrium williamsi Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 742/1)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375954/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 1B</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="130C6C9F5B01FFF0FFE5D64EFF33FBEB" box="[100,150,1104,1124]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[100,130,1596,1613]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,150,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[225,1362,148,1568]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 5. Septal musculature of bothridium of Echeneibothrium spp. (A) Longitudinal section of bothridium of Echeneibothrium cristinae sp. nov. from Bathyraja cousseauae (paratype MACN-Pa No. 736/22). (B) Transverse section of bothridium of Echeneibothrium cristinae sp. nov. from Bathyraja cousseauae (paratype MACN-Pa No. 736/23). (C) Longitudinal section of bothridium of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 738). (D) Transverse section of bothridium of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 739). (E) Longitudinal section of bothriudium of Echeneibothrium williamsi Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 743). Abbreviations: lmb, longitudinal muscle bundles; l, loculus; mls, medial longitudinal septum; mmb, marginal muscle bundles; ms, marginal septum; rm, radial muscle; tmb, transverse muscle bundles; ts, transverse septum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375964/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">5C–D</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="130C6C9F5B01FFF0FF22D64EFF0AFBEC" box="[163,175,1104,1123]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[100,130,1669,1686]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,150,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-8@9.[225,1362,148,1641]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6. Line drawings of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus. (A) Scolex (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/2). (B) Terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). (C) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of testes (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (D) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of cirrus sac (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (E) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of ovarian isthmus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (F) Detail of terminal genitalia in a terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). Abbreviations: amsp, apical modification of scolex proper; ao, apical organ; cs, cirrus sac; dod, dorsal osmoregulatory duct; ov, ovary; t, testes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens; vf, vitelline follicle; vg, vagina; vod, ventral osmoregulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375966/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">6</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="130C6C9F5B01FFF0FF42D64FFF6AFBEB" box="[195,207,1105,1124]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[100,130,1596,1613]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,150,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-275@10.[225,1362,148,1568]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 7. Scanning electron micrographs of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus. (A) Scolex, small letters indicate the location of details shown in Fig. 7B–D. (B) Distal bothridial surface. (C) Proximal bothridial surface. (D) Surface of anteriormost region of the apical modification of scolex proper (AMSP), small letter indicates the location of detail shown in Fig. 7E. (E) Detail of the surface of anteriormost region of the AMSP. (F) Neck surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375968/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">7</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="130C6C9F5B01FFF0FF62D64EFF58FBEC" box="[227,253,1104,1123]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[100,130,895,912]" captionTargetBox="[151,719,151,867]" captionTargetId="figure-1185@12.[150,720,148,868]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 8. Light micrographs of anteriormost loculus of Echeneibothrium spp. (A) Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/5). (B) Echeneibothrium williamsi Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 741/13). Arrowheads indicate the posterior margin (A) and the central posterior and lateral posterior margins (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375970" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375970/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">8A</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88701A5B01FFF0FFE5D696FEFBFB14" blockId="7.[100,771,1160,1960]" box="[100,350,1160,1179]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B943AC085B01FFF0FFE5D696FEFBFB14" bold="true" box="[100,350,1160,1179]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.2.1. Emended description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88701A5B01FFF0FF05D6BAFB9FFBF0" blockId="7.[100,771,1160,1960]" lastBlockId="7.[818,1488,1076,1961]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Based on whole mounts of 17 complete mature worms, serial sections of 1 mature proglottid and 2 scoleces, and SEM of 3 worms (
<specimenCount id="9D31BB935B01FFF0FD2DD6DEFF30FB60" count="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">23 specimens</specimenCount>
in total). Worms euapolytic, 2.7–5.6 mm (4.1 mm ± 0.9 mm, 14) long by 435–770 (528 ± 101, 9) wide, maximum width at level of scolex. Strobila composed of 15–23 (19 ± 2, 16) craspedote proglottids in number, 13–21 (17 ± 2, 16) immature, 2–3 (2 ± 0.3, 16) mature (
<figureCitation id="130C6C9F5B01FFF0FFEDD755FF10FAD0" box="[108,181,1355,1375]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[100,130,1406,1423]" captionTargetBox="[303,1284,158,1376]" captionTargetId="figure-368@4.[301,1286,148,1378]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Light micrographs of whole mature worms of Echeneibothrium spp. from the Argentine Sea. (A) Echeneibothrium cristinae sp. nov. from Bathyraja cousseauae (holotype MACN-Pa No. 734). (B) Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 740/8). (C) Echeneibothrium williamsi Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 742/1)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375954/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
). Scolex with 4 stalked bothridia and apical myzorhynchus (
<figureCitation id="130C6C9F5B01FFF0FFEDD779FF1CFAF5" box="[108,185,1383,1402]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[100,130,1669,1686]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,150,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-8@9.[225,1362,148,1641]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6. Line drawings of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus. (A) Scolex (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/2). (B) Terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). (C) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of testes (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (D) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of cirrus sac (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (E) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of ovarian isthmus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (F) Detail of terminal genitalia in a terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). Abbreviations: amsp, apical modification of scolex proper; ao, apical organ; cs, cirrus sac; dod, dorsal osmoregulatory duct; ov, ovary; t, testes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens; vf, vitelline follicle; vg, vagina; vod, ventral osmoregulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375966/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 6A</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="130C6C9F5B01FFF0FF40D776FF7AFAF5" box="[193,223,1383,1403]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[100,130,1596,1613]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,150,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-275@10.[225,1362,148,1568]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 7. Scanning electron micrographs of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus. (A) Scolex, small letters indicate the location of details shown in Fig. 7B–D. (B) Distal bothridial surface. (C) Proximal bothridial surface. (D) Surface of anteriormost region of the apical modification of scolex proper (AMSP), small letter indicates the location of detail shown in Fig. 7E. (E) Detail of the surface of anteriormost region of the AMSP. (F) Neck surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375968/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">7A</figureCitation>
). Bothridia facially loculated, 300–485 (380 ± 49, 16) long by 220–295 (263 ± 31, 7) wide. Distal bothridial surface divided by medial longitudinal septum and 10–12 (11 ± 1, 6) transverse septa into 20–24 (23 ± 2, 6) loculi arranged in 2 columns with a single loculus at each end (
<figureCitation id="130C6C9F5B01FFF0FF4CD7C9FEBBFA65" box="[205,286,1495,1514]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[100,130,1669,1686]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,150,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-8@9.[225,1362,148,1641]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6. Line drawings of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus. (A) Scolex (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/2). (B) Terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). (C) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of testes (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (D) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of cirrus sac (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (E) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of ovarian isthmus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (F) Detail of terminal genitalia in a terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). Abbreviations: amsp, apical modification of scolex proper; ao, apical organ; cs, cirrus sac; dod, dorsal osmoregulatory duct; ov, ovary; t, testes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens; vf, vitelline follicle; vg, vagina; vod, ventral osmoregulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375966/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 6A</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="130C6C9F5B01FFF0FEAAD7C9FEECFA65" box="[299,329,1495,1514]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[100,130,1596,1613]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,150,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-275@10.[225,1362,148,1568]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 7. Scanning electron micrographs of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus. (A) Scolex, small letters indicate the location of details shown in Fig. 7B–D. (B) Distal bothridial surface. (C) Proximal bothridial surface. (D) Surface of anteriormost region of the apical modification of scolex proper (AMSP), small letter indicates the location of detail shown in Fig. 7E. (E) Detail of the surface of anteriormost region of the AMSP. (F) Neck surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375968/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">7A</figureCitation>
). Medial longitudinal septum extending from posterior margin of anteriormost loculus to anterior margin of posteriormost loculus (
<figureCitation id="130C6C9F5B01FFF0FF7DD411FEE6F9AD" box="[252,323,1551,1570]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[100,130,1669,1686]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,150,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-8@9.[225,1362,148,1641]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6. Line drawings of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus. (A) Scolex (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/2). (B) Terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). (C) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of testes (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (D) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of cirrus sac (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (E) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of ovarian isthmus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (F) Detail of terminal genitalia in a terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). Abbreviations: amsp, apical modification of scolex proper; ao, apical organ; cs, cirrus sac; dod, dorsal osmoregulatory duct; ov, ovary; t, testes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens; vf, vitelline follicle; vg, vagina; vod, ventral osmoregulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375966/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). Anteriormost loculus 33–63 (46 ± 13, 8) long by 63–90 (74 ± 9, 8) wide, posteriormost loculus 15–28 (23 ± 6, 4) long by 33–60 (41 ± 13, 4) wide. Transverse septa and medial longitudinal septum formed distally by transverse and longitudinal muscle bundles, respectively, and uninterrupted underlying radial muscles with same orientation as adjacent radial muscles (
<figureCitation id="130C6C9F5B01FFF0FE68D484FDF7F922" box="[489,594,1690,1709]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[100,130,1596,1613]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,150,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[225,1362,148,1568]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 5. Septal musculature of bothridium of Echeneibothrium spp. (A) Longitudinal section of bothridium of Echeneibothrium cristinae sp. nov. from Bathyraja cousseauae (paratype MACN-Pa No. 736/22). (B) Transverse section of bothridium of Echeneibothrium cristinae sp. nov. from Bathyraja cousseauae (paratype MACN-Pa No. 736/23). (C) Longitudinal section of bothridium of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 738). (D) Transverse section of bothridium of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 739). (E) Longitudinal section of bothriudium of Echeneibothrium williamsi Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 743). Abbreviations: lmb, longitudinal muscle bundles; l, loculus; mls, medial longitudinal septum; mmb, marginal muscle bundles; ms, marginal septum; rm, radial muscle; tmb, transverse muscle bundles; ts, transverse septum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375964/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5C, D</figureCitation>
). Bothridial stalks 148–280 (204 ± 51, 9) long by 75–133 (107 ± 18, 9) wide. Neck 60–115 (83 ± 16, 13) wide. Myzorhynchus consisting of AMSP (sensu 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA60DEB5B01FFF0FFE5D4F0FEA1F88E" author="Caira, J. N. &amp; Jensen, K. &amp; Healy, C. J." box="[100,260,1774,1793]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="77 - 151" refId="ref16610" refString="Caira, J. N., Jensen, K., Healy, C. J., 1999. On the phylogenetic relationships among tetraphyllidean, lecanicephalidean and diphyllidean tapeworm genera. Syst. Parasitol. 42, 77 - 151. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1006192603349." type="journal article" year="1999">Caira et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
) and AO, not observed in fully everted form, 65–150 (89 ± 25, 11) wide when partially retracted. AMSP retractable; AO invaginable with glandular cells (
<figureCitation id="130C6C9F5B01FFF0FE1CD538FE41F8B6" box="[413,484,1830,1849]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[100,130,1669,1686]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,150,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-8@9.[225,1362,148,1641]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6. Line drawings of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus. (A) Scolex (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/2). (B) Terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). (C) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of testes (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (D) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of cirrus sac (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (E) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of ovarian isthmus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (F) Detail of terminal genitalia in a terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). Abbreviations: amsp, apical modification of scolex proper; ao, apical organ; cs, cirrus sac; dod, dorsal osmoregulatory duct; ov, ovary; t, testes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens; vf, vitelline follicle; vg, vagina; vod, ventral osmoregulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375966/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). Proximal bothridial (
<figureCitation id="130C6C9F5B01FFF0FD39D538FD59F8B6" box="[696,764,1830,1849]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[100,130,1596,1613]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,150,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-275@10.[225,1362,148,1568]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 7. Scanning electron micrographs of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus. (A) Scolex, small letters indicate the location of details shown in Fig. 7B–D. (B) Distal bothridial surface. (C) Proximal bothridial surface. (D) Surface of anteriormost region of the apical modification of scolex proper (AMSP), small letter indicates the location of detail shown in Fig. 7E. (E) Detail of the surface of anteriormost region of the AMSP. (F) Neck surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375968/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
) and stalk surfaces covered by large gladiate spinitriches interspersed with capilliform filitriches. Distal bothridial surface covered by small gladiate spinitriches interspersed with capilliform filitriches (
<figureCitation id="130C6C9F5B01FFF0FD31D567FD52F803" box="[688,759,1913,1933]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[100,130,1596,1613]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,150,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-275@10.[225,1362,148,1568]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 7. Scanning electron micrographs of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus. (A) Scolex, small letters indicate the location of details shown in Fig. 7B–D. (B) Distal bothridial surface. (C) Proximal bothridial surface. (D) Surface of anteriormost region of the apical modification of scolex proper (AMSP), small letter indicates the location of detail shown in Fig. 7E. (E) Detail of the surface of anteriormost region of the AMSP. (F) Neck surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375968/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
). AMSP with acicular filitriches along its entire length, anteriormost region with band of gladiate spinitriches interspersed with acicular filitriches (
<figureCitation id="130C6C9F5B01FFF0FC08D64EFC55FBEC" box="[905,1008,1104,1124]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[100,130,1596,1613]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,150,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-275@10.[225,1362,148,1568]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 7. Scanning electron micrographs of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus. (A) Scolex, small letters indicate the location of details shown in Fig. 7B–D. (B) Distal bothridial surface. (C) Proximal bothridial surface. (D) Surface of anteriormost region of the apical modification of scolex proper (AMSP), small letter indicates the location of detail shown in Fig. 7E. (E) Detail of the surface of anteriormost region of the AMSP. (F) Neck surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375968/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7D, E</figureCitation>
). AO surface not observed with SEM. Neck with acicular filitriches (
<figureCitation id="130C6C9F5B01FFF0FC6BD672FB8BFBF0" box="[1002,1070,1132,1152]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[100,130,1596,1613]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,150,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-275@10.[225,1362,148,1568]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 7. Scanning electron micrographs of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus. (A) Scolex, small letters indicate the location of details shown in Fig. 7B–D. (B) Distal bothridial surface. (C) Proximal bothridial surface. (D) Surface of anteriormost region of the apical modification of scolex proper (AMSP), small letter indicates the location of detail shown in Fig. 7E. (E) Detail of the surface of anteriormost region of the AMSP. (F) Neck surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375968/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88701A5B01FFF0FCD0D697FC13F9AD" blockId="7.[818,1488,1076,1961]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Immature proglottids initially wider than long, becoming longer than wide with maturity. Subterminal mature proglottid 545–1010 (708 ± 138, 11) long (velum included) by 203–325 (273 ± 37, 11) wide; velum 13–25 (19 ± 4, 11) long, covering 1–2% (2 ± 0.4, 11) of adjacent proglottid. Terminal mature proglottid 815–1605 (1162 ± 208, 17) long by 190–345 (274 ± 43, 16) wide; width to length ratio 1: 3–7 (4 ± 1, 16) (
<figureCitation id="130C6C9F5B01FFF0FCBBD731FC24FACC" box="[826,897,1327,1347]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[100,130,1669,1686]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,150,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-8@9.[225,1362,148,1641]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6. Line drawings of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus. (A) Scolex (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/2). (B) Terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). (C) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of testes (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (D) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of cirrus sac (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (E) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of ovarian isthmus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (F) Detail of terminal genitalia in a terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). Abbreviations: amsp, apical modification of scolex proper; ao, apical organ; cs, cirrus sac; dod, dorsal osmoregulatory duct; ov, ovary; t, testes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens; vf, vitelline follicle; vg, vagina; vod, ventral osmoregulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375966/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
). Mature proglottids covered by capilliform filitriches. Testes oval, 14–19 (16 ± 2, 10) per proglottid, 35–65 (49 ± 8, 7, 35) long by 50–75 (63 ± 6, 7, 35) wide, arranged in 2 loosely columns anterior to cirrus sac (
<figureCitation id="130C6C9F5B01FFF0FC1DD79DFC46FA19" box="[924,995,1411,1430]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[100,130,1669,1686]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,150,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-8@9.[225,1362,148,1641]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6. Line drawings of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus. (A) Scolex (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/2). (B) Terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). (C) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of testes (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (D) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of cirrus sac (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (E) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of ovarian isthmus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (F) Detail of terminal genitalia in a terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). Abbreviations: amsp, apical modification of scolex proper; ao, apical organ; cs, cirrus sac; dod, dorsal osmoregulatory duct; ov, ovary; t, testes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens; vf, vitelline follicle; vg, vagina; vod, ventral osmoregulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375966/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
), 1 layer deep in cross-section (
<figureCitation id="130C6C9F5B01FFF0FA96D79DFAFAFA19" box="[1303,1375,1411,1430]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[100,130,1669,1686]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,150,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-8@9.[225,1362,148,1641]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6. Line drawings of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus. (A) Scolex (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/2). (B) Terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). (C) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of testes (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (D) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of cirrus sac (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (E) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of ovarian isthmus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (F) Detail of terminal genitalia in a terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). Abbreviations: amsp, apical modification of scolex proper; ao, apical organ; cs, cirrus sac; dod, dorsal osmoregulatory duct; ov, ovary; t, testes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens; vf, vitelline follicle; vg, vagina; vod, ventral osmoregulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375966/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
). Cirrus sac pyriform, 180–270 (216 ± 34, 10) long by 95–135 (118 ± 13, 10) wide, containing coiled cirrus covered by spinitriches. Vas deferens dorsal, highly coiled, entering dorsally at medial half of cirrus sac (
<figureCitation id="130C6C9F5B01FFF0FAE7D7C9FA60FA65" box="[1382,1477,1495,1514]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[100,130,1669,1686]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,150,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-8@9.[225,1362,148,1641]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6. Line drawings of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus. (A) Scolex (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/2). (B) Terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). (C) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of testes (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (D) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of cirrus sac (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (E) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of ovarian isthmus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (F) Detail of terminal genitalia in a terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). Abbreviations: amsp, apical modification of scolex proper; ao, apical organ; cs, cirrus sac; dod, dorsal osmoregulatory duct; ov, ovary; t, testes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens; vf, vitelline follicle; vg, vagina; vod, ventral osmoregulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375966/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6D, F</figureCitation>
). Genital pores marginal, 41–53% (48 ± 3, 15) of proglottid length from posterior end.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88701A5B01FFFDFCD0D435FD28F89F" blockId="7.[818,1488,1076,1961]" lastBlockId="10.[100,770,1705,1808]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Vagina thick-walled, extending from ootype along midline of proglottid to anterior margin of cirrus sac, then laterally along anterior margin of cirrus sac to common genital atrium (
<figureCitation id="130C6C9F5B01FFF0FAA9D47CFAD6F9F9" box="[1320,1395,1634,1654]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[100,130,1669,1686]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,150,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-8@9.[225,1362,148,1641]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6. Line drawings of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus. (A) Scolex (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/2). (B) Terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). (C) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of testes (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (D) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of cirrus sac (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (E) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of ovarian isthmus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (F) Detail of terminal genitalia in a terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). Abbreviations: amsp, apical modification of scolex proper; ao, apical organ; cs, cirrus sac; dod, dorsal osmoregulatory duct; ov, ovary; t, testes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens; vf, vitelline follicle; vg, vagina; vod, ventral osmoregulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375966/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
); vaginal sphincter and seminal receptacle absent (
<figureCitation id="130C6C9F5B01FFF0FB38D460FAB3F91E" box="[1209,1302,1662,1682]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[100,130,1669,1686]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,150,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-8@9.[225,1362,148,1641]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6. Line drawings of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus. (A) Scolex (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/2). (B) Terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). (C) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of testes (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (D) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of cirrus sac (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (E) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of ovarian isthmus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (F) Detail of terminal genitalia in a terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). Abbreviations: amsp, apical modification of scolex proper; ao, apical organ; cs, cirrus sac; dod, dorsal osmoregulatory duct; ov, ovary; t, testes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens; vf, vitelline follicle; vg, vagina; vod, ventral osmoregulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375966/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6B, F</figureCitation>
). Ovary near posterior end of proglottid, H-shaped in dorso-ventral view (
<figureCitation id="130C6C9F5B01FFF0FAC5D484FA2FF922" box="[1348,1418,1690,1709]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[100,130,1669,1686]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,150,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-8@9.[225,1362,148,1641]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6. Line drawings of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus. (A) Scolex (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/2). (B) Terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). (C) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of testes (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (D) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of cirrus sac (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (E) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of ovarian isthmus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (F) Detail of terminal genitalia in a terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). Abbreviations: amsp, apical modification of scolex proper; ao, apical organ; cs, cirrus sac; dod, dorsal osmoregulatory duct; ov, ovary; t, testes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens; vf, vitelline follicle; vg, vagina; vod, ventral osmoregulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375966/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
), tetralobed in cross-section (
<figureCitation id="130C6C9F5B01FFF0FB9AD4A8FBC3F946" box="[1051,1126,1718,1737]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[100,130,1669,1686]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,150,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-8@9.[225,1362,148,1641]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6. Line drawings of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus. (A) Scolex (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/2). (B) Terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). (C) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of testes (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (D) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of cirrus sac (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (E) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of ovarian isthmus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (F) Detail of terminal genitalia in a terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). Abbreviations: amsp, apical modification of scolex proper; ao, apical organ; cs, cirrus sac; dod, dorsal osmoregulatory duct; ov, ovary; t, testes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens; vf, vitelline follicle; vg, vagina; vod, ventral osmoregulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375966/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
), symmetric (43% of specimens) or asymmetric (57% of specimens). Poral or aporal lobe longer than opposite lobe in asymmetric ovary, poral lobe 230–563 (424 ± 90, 13) long, aporal lobe 275–530 (430 ± 78, 13) long by 113–175 (148 ± 22, 8) wide at ovarian isthmus. Mehlis’ gland posterior to ovarian isthmus, 28–53 (38 ± 8, 7) in diameter (
<figureCitation id="130C6C9F5B01FFF0FBD1D55FFB31F8DA" box="[1104,1172,1857,1877]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[100,130,1669,1686]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,150,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-8@9.[225,1362,148,1641]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6. Line drawings of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus. (A) Scolex (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/2). (B) Terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). (C) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of testes (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (D) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of cirrus sac (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (E) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of ovarian isthmus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (F) Detail of terminal genitalia in a terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). Abbreviations: amsp, apical modification of scolex proper; ao, apical organ; cs, cirrus sac; dod, dorsal osmoregulatory duct; ov, ovary; t, testes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens; vf, vitelline follicle; vg, vagina; vod, ventral osmoregulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375966/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
). Vitelline follicles 10–38 (22 ± 5, 12, 60) long by 20–58 (36 ± 8, 12, 60) wide, in 8 total columns; 2 dorsal columns and 2 ventral columns on each lateral margin of proglottid (
<figureCitation id="130C6C9F5B01FFF0FCBBD58BFC30F827" box="[826,917,1941,1961]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[100,130,1669,1686]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,150,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-8@9.[225,1362,148,1641]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6. Line drawings of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus. (A) Scolex (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/2). (B) Terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). (C) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of testes (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (D) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of cirrus sac (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (E) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of ovarian isthmus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (F) Detail of terminal genitalia in a terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). Abbreviations: amsp, apical modification of scolex proper; ao, apical organ; cs, cirrus sac; dod, dorsal osmoregulatory duct; ov, ovary; t, testes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens; vf, vitelline follicle; vg, vagina; vod, ventral osmoregulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375966/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6C–E</figureCitation>
), extending uninterrupted along entire proglottid (
<figureCitation id="130C6C9F5B01FFF0FAEAD58BFA60F827" box="[1387,1477,1941,1961]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[100,130,1669,1686]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,150,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-8@9.[225,1362,148,1641]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6. Line drawings of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus. (A) Scolex (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/2). (B) Terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). (C) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of testes (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (D) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of cirrus sac (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (E) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of ovarian isthmus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (F) Detail of terminal genitalia in a terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). Abbreviations: amsp, apical modification of scolex proper; ao, apical organ; cs, cirrus sac; dod, dorsal osmoregulatory duct; ov, ovary; t, testes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens; vf, vitelline follicle; vg, vagina; vod, ventral osmoregulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375966/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6B, F</figureCitation>
). Uterus sacciform, occupying midline of proglottid, from level of ootype to anterior half of proglottid, without reaching its anterior margin (
<figureCitation id="130C6C9F5B0CFFFDFFEDD4FFFF15F97B" box="[108,176,1761,1780]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[100,130,1669,1686]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,150,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-8@9.[225,1362,148,1641]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6. Line drawings of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus. (A) Scolex (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/2). (B) Terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). (C) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of testes (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (D) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of cirrus sac (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (E) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of ovarian isthmus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (F) Detail of terminal genitalia in a terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). Abbreviations: amsp, apical modification of scolex proper; ao, apical organ; cs, cirrus sac; dod, dorsal osmoregulatory duct; ov, ovary; t, testes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens; vf, vitelline follicle; vg, vagina; vod, ventral osmoregulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375966/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
). Two pairs of osmoregulatory ducts, 1 dorsal pair and 1 ventral pair; dorsal ducts narrower than ventral ducts (
<figureCitation id="130C6C9F5B0CFFFDFDA5D4E3FD27F89F" box="[548,642,1789,1808]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[100,130,1669,1686]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,150,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-8@9.[225,1362,148,1641]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6. Line drawings of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus. (A) Scolex (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/2). (B) Terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). (C) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of testes (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (D) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of cirrus sac (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (E) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of ovarian isthmus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (F) Detail of terminal genitalia in a terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). Abbreviations: amsp, apical modification of scolex proper; ao, apical organ; cs, cirrus sac; dod, dorsal osmoregulatory duct; ov, ovary; t, testes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens; vf, vitelline follicle; vg, vagina; vod, ventral osmoregulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375966/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6C–E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4820925B0EFFFFFFE5D422FDAFF96A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375964" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10375964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375964/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[100,130,1596,1613]" targetBox="[226,1361,150,1567]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B88701A5B0EFFFFFFE5D422FDAFF96A" blockId="8.[100,1489,1596,1766]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B943AC085B0EFFFFFFE5D422FF3BF9C3" bold="true" box="[100,158,1596,1613]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
Septal musculature of bothridium of 
<taxonomicName id="4C370B995B0EFFFFFE64D422FD31F9C3" box="[485,660,1596,1613]" class="Cestoda" family="Echeneibothriidae" genus="Echeneibothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B943AC085B0EFFFFFE64D422FDCFF9C2" bold="true" box="[485,618,1596,1613]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Echeneibothrium</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
(A) Longitudinal section of bothridium of 
<taxonomicName id="4C370B995B0EFFFFFB82D422FB77F9C2" authority="Franzese &amp; Mutti &amp; Tropea &amp; Ivanov, 2022" authorityName="Franzese &amp; Mutti &amp; Tropea &amp; Ivanov" authorityYear="2022" box="[1027,1234,1596,1613]" class="Cestoda" family="Echeneibothriidae" genus="Echeneibothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cristinae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B943AC085B0EFFFFFB82D422FB77F9C2" bold="true" box="[1027,1234,1596,1613]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Echeneibothrium cristinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27011735B0EFFFFFB59D422FAB9F9C3" box="[1240,1308,1596,1612]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from 
<taxonomicName id="4C370B995B0EFFFFFAD1D422FF3FF9E9" authorityName="Diaz de Astarloa &amp; Mabragatna" authorityYear="2004" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cousseauae">
<emphasis id="B943AC085B0EFFFFFAD1D422FF3FF9E9" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Bathyraja cousseauae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(paratype MACN-Pa No. 736/22). (B) Transverse section of bothridium of 
<taxonomicName id="4C370B995B0EFFFFFC8FD44BFC7FF9E9" authority="Franzese &amp; Mutti &amp; Tropea &amp; Ivanov, 2022" authorityName="Franzese &amp; Mutti &amp; Tropea &amp; Ivanov" authorityYear="2022" box="[782,986,1621,1638]" class="Cestoda" family="Echeneibothriidae" genus="Echeneibothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cristinae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B943AC085B0EFFFFFC8FD44BFC7FF9E9" bold="true" box="[782,986,1621,1638]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Echeneibothrium cristinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27011735B0EFFFFFC5ED448FB87F9E9" box="[991,1058,1622,1638]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from 
<taxonomicName id="4C370B995B0EFFFFFBD3D44BFB5AF9E9" authorityName="Diaz de Astarloa &amp; Mabragatna" authorityYear="2004" box="[1106,1279,1621,1638]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cousseauae">
<emphasis id="B943AC085B0EFFFFFBD3D44BFB5AF9E9" bold="true" box="[1106,1279,1621,1638]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Bathyraja cousseauae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(paratype MACN-Pa No. 736/23). (C) Longitudinal section of bothridium of 
<taxonomicName id="4C370B995B0EFFFFFD96D471FC4DF90F" authority="Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975" authorityName="Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 Carvajal &amp; Dailey" authorityYear="1975" box="[535,1000,1647,1664]" class="Cestoda" family="Echeneibothriidae" genus="Echeneibothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="multiloculatum">
<emphasis id="B943AC085B0EFFFFFD96D471FCBCF90F" bold="true" box="[535,793,1647,1664]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Echeneibothrium multiloculatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA60DEB5B0EFFFFFC9FD471FC4DF90F" author="Carvajal, J. &amp; Dailey, M. D." box="[798,1000,1647,1664]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="89 - 94" refId="ref16892" refString="Carvajal, J., Dailey, M. D., 1975. Three new species of Echeneibothrium (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) from the skate, Raja chilensis Guichenot, 1848, with comments on mode of attachment and host specificity. J. Parasitol. 61, 89 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3279115." type="journal article" year="1975">Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="4C370B995B0EFFFFFB9AD471FB77F90F" baseAuthorityName="Marini" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[1051,1234,1647,1664]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicaudatus">
<emphasis id="B943AC085B0EFFFFFB9AD471FB77F90F" bold="true" box="[1051,1234,1647,1664]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Dipturus brevicaudatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(voucher MACN-Pa No. 738). (D) Transverse section of bothridium of 
<taxonomicName id="4C370B995B0EFFFFFE4AD496FC0BF916" authority="Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975" authorityName="Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 Carvajal &amp; Dailey" authorityYear="1975" box="[459,942,1672,1690]" class="Cestoda" family="Echeneibothriidae" genus="Echeneibothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="multiloculatum">
<emphasis id="B943AC085B0EFFFFFE4AD496FD74F916" bold="true" box="[459,721,1672,1689]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Echeneibothrium multiloculatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA60DEB5B0EFFFFFD58D496FC0BF916" author="Carvajal, J. &amp; Dailey, M. D." box="[729,942,1672,1690]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="89 - 94" refId="ref16892" refString="Carvajal, J., Dailey, M. D., 1975. Three new species of Echeneibothrium (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) from the skate, Raja chilensis Guichenot, 1848, with comments on mode of attachment and host specificity. J. Parasitol. 61, 89 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3279115." type="journal article" year="1975">Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="4C370B995B0EFFFFFC69D496FB07F916" baseAuthorityName="Marini" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[1000,1186,1672,1689]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicaudatus">
<emphasis id="B943AC085B0EFFFFFC69D496FB07F916" bold="true" box="[1000,1186,1672,1689]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Dipturus brevicaudatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(voucher MACN-Pa No. 739). (E) Longitudinal section of bothriudium of 
<taxonomicName id="4C370B995B0EFFFFFE36D4BCFCFBF93C" authority="Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975" authorityName="Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 Carvajal &amp; Dailey" authorityYear="1975" box="[439,862,1698,1715]" class="Cestoda" family="Echeneibothriidae" genus="Echeneibothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="williamsi">
<emphasis id="B943AC085B0EFFFFFE36D4BCFD2CF93C" bold="true" box="[439,649,1698,1715]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Echeneibothrium williamsi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA60DEB5B0EFFFFFD11D4BCFCFBF93C" author="Carvajal, J. &amp; Dailey, M. D." box="[656,862,1698,1715]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="89 - 94" refId="ref16892" refString="Carvajal, J., Dailey, M. D., 1975. Three new species of Echeneibothrium (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) from the skate, Raja chilensis Guichenot, 1848, with comments on mode of attachment and host specificity. J. Parasitol. 61, 89 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3279115." type="journal article" year="1975">Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="4C370B995B0EFFFFFC15D4BCFBEEF93C" baseAuthorityName="Marini" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[916,1099,1698,1715]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicaudatus">
<emphasis id="B943AC085B0EFFFFFC15D4BCFBEEF93C" bold="true" box="[916,1099,1698,1715]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Dipturus brevicaudatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(voucher MACN-Pa No. 743). Abbreviations: lmb, longitudinal muscle bundles; l, loculus; mls, medial longitudinal septum; mmb, marginal muscle bundles; ms, marginal septum; rm, radial muscle; tmb, transverse muscle bundles; ts, transverse septum.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4820925B0FFFFEFFE5D49BFE69F89A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375966" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10375966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375966/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[100,130,1669,1686]" targetBox="[226,1361,150,1640]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B88701A5B0FFFFEFFE5D49BFE69F89A" blockId="9.[100,1488,1669,1813]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B943AC085B0FFFFEFFE5D49BFF39F919" bold="true" box="[100,156,1669,1686]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
Line drawings of 
<taxonomicName id="4C370B995B0FFFFEFEB7D49BFCA3F919" authority="Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975" authorityName="Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 Carvajal &amp; Dailey" authorityYear="1975" box="[310,774,1669,1686]" class="Cestoda" family="Echeneibothriidae" genus="Echeneibothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="multiloculatum">
<emphasis id="B943AC085B0FFFFEFEB7D49BFD9DF919" bold="true" box="[310,568,1669,1686]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Echeneibothrium multiloculatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA60DEB5B0FFFFEFDBCD49BFCA3F919" author="Carvajal, J. &amp; Dailey, M. D." box="[573,774,1669,1686]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="89 - 94" refId="ref16892" refString="Carvajal, J., Dailey, M. D., 1975. Three new species of Echeneibothrium (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) from the skate, Raja chilensis Guichenot, 1848, with comments on mode of attachment and host specificity. J. Parasitol. 61, 89 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3279115." type="journal article" year="1975">Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="4C370B995B0FFFFEFCB8D49BFC4AF919" baseAuthorityName="Marini" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[825,1007,1669,1686]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicaudatus">
<emphasis id="B943AC085B0FFFFEFCB8D49BFC4AF919" bold="true" box="[825,1007,1669,1686]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Dipturus brevicaudatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (A) Scolex (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/2). (B) Terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). (C) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of testes (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (D) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of cirrus sac (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (E) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of ovarian isthmus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (F) Detail of terminal genitalia in a terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). Abbreviations: amsp, apical modification of scolex proper; ao, apical organ; cs, cirrus sac; dod, dorsal osmoregulatory duct; ov, ovary; t, testes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens; vf, vitelline follicle; vg, vagina; vod, ventral osmoregulatory duct.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4820925B0CFFFDFFE5D422FA74F90F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375968" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10375968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375968/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[100,130,1596,1613]" targetBox="[227,1360,150,1567]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B88701A5B0CFFFDFFE5D422FA74F90F" blockId="10.[100,1489,1596,1664]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B943AC085B0CFFFDFFE5D422FF3BF9C3" bold="true" box="[100,158,1596,1613]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
Scanning electron micrographs of 
<taxonomicName id="4C370B995B0CFFFDFE4AD422FC07F9C2" authority="Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975" authorityName="Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 Carvajal &amp; Dailey" authorityYear="1975" box="[459,930,1596,1613]" class="Cestoda" family="Echeneibothriidae" genus="Echeneibothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="multiloculatum">
<emphasis id="B943AC085B0CFFFDFE4AD422FD6BF9C2" bold="true" box="[459,718,1596,1613]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Echeneibothrium multiloculatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA60DEB5B0CFFFDFD55D422FC07F9C2" author="Carvajal, J. &amp; Dailey, M. D." box="[724,930,1596,1613]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="89 - 94" refId="ref16892" refString="Carvajal, J., Dailey, M. D., 1975. Three new species of Echeneibothrium (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) from the skate, Raja chilensis Guichenot, 1848, with comments on mode of attachment and host specificity. J. Parasitol. 61, 89 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3279115." type="journal article" year="1975">Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="4C370B995B0CFFFDFC57D422FB2BF9C2" baseAuthorityName="Marini" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[982,1166,1596,1613]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicaudatus">
<emphasis id="B943AC085B0CFFFDFC57D422FB2BF9C2" bold="true" box="[982,1166,1596,1613]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Dipturus brevicaudatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (A) Scolex, small letters indicate the location of details shown in Fig. 7B–D. (B) Distal bothridial surface. (C) Proximal bothridial surface. (D) Surface of anteriormost region of the apical modification of scolex proper (AMSP), small letter indicates the location of detail shown in Fig. 7E. (E) Detail of the surface of anteriormost region of the AMSP. (F) Neck surface.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B88701A5B0CFFFDFFE5D52AFEC6F8C7" blockId="10.[100,770,1844,1975]" box="[100,355,1844,1864]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B943AC085B0CFFFDFFE5D52AFEC6F8C7" bold="true" box="[100,355,1844,1864]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3.2.2. Taxonomic summary</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D23915B0CFFFDFF05D54FFC6CF838" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B88701A5B0CFFFDFF05D54FFEA3F8F0" blockId="10.[100,770,1844,1975]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B943AC085B0CFFFDFF05D54FFF78F8EC" bold="true" box="[132,221,1872,1892]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<typeStatus id="548CCEB85B0CFFFDFF05D54FFF0AF8EB" box="[132,175,1873,1892]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Type</typeStatus>
host
</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C370B995B0CFFFDFF6CD54FFDB4F8EC" authority="(Guichenot, 1848)" baseAuthorityName="Guichenot" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[237,529,1872,1892]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="B943AC085B0CFFFDFF6CD54FFEF3F8EC" bold="true" box="[237,342,1872,1892]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">D. chilensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA60DEB5B0CFFFDFEE6D54EFDADF8EC" author="Guichenot, A." box="[359,520,1872,1891]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="137 - 370" refId="ref18341" refString="Guichenot, A., 1848. Fauna Chilena, Peces. In: Gay, C. (Ed.), Historia fisica y politica de Chile II. Museo de Historia Natural de Chile, Santiago, pp. 137 - 370." type="book chapter" year="1848">Guichenot, 1848</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, yellownose skate (
<taxonomicName id="4C370B995B0CFFFDFD55D54EFF02F8F0" authorityName="L.S.Berg" authorityYear="1940" class="Elasmobranchii" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Rajiformes</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C370B995B0CFFFDFF31D572FF5EF8F0" box="[176,251,1900,1919]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rajidae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88701A5B0CFFFDFF05D596FECFF838" blockId="10.[100,770,1844,1975]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B943AC085B0CFFFDFF05D596FEAFF814" bold="true" box="[132,266,1928,1947]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Additional host</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C370B995B0CFFFDFE94D596FD92F814" authority="(Marini, 1933)" baseAuthorityName="Marini" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[277,567,1928,1947]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicaudatus">
<emphasis id="B943AC085B0CFFFDFE94D596FE0DF814" bold="true" box="[277,424,1928,1947]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">D. brevicaudatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA60DEB5B0CFFFDFE34D596FD8BF814" author="Marini, T." box="[437,558,1928,1947]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="328 - 332" refId="ref19219" refString="Marini, T., 1933. Rectificando errores ictiologicos´. Physis 11, 328 - 332." type="journal article" year="1933">Marini, 1933</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, short tail yellownose skate (
<taxonomicName id="4C370B995B0CFFFDFF20D5BAFEAEF838" authorityName="L.S.Berg" authorityYear="1940" box="[161,267,1956,1975]" class="Elasmobranchii" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Rajiformes</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C370B995B0CFFFDFE95D5BAFEFAF838" box="[276,351,1956,1975]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rajidae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88701A5B0CFFFDFCD0D4B7FAABF957" blockId="10.[818,1487,1702,1975]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<materialsCitation id="3B5F7A475B0CFFFDFCD0D4B7FAAFF957" country="Chile" latitude="-37.25" location="South Pacific Ocean" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B943AC085B0CFFFDFCD0D4B7FC63F933" bold="true" box="[849,966,1705,1724]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<typeStatus id="548CCEB85B0CFFFDFCD0D4B7FCD9F933" box="[849,892,1705,1724]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
: 
<location id="8EE826C15B0CFFFDFC57D4B7FB3FF933" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039EC10C5B01FFFDFFE5D62AFC6CF838:8EE826C15B0CFFFDFC57D4B7FB3FF933" box="[982,1178,1705,1724]" country="Chile" latitude="-37.25" name="South Pacific Ocean" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">South Pacific Ocean</location>
, between latitudes 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0316DD5B0CFFFDFADBD4B7FA06F933" box="[1370,1443,1702,1724]" degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="-32.466667">
32 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFAF3D4B8FADCF93C" attach="none" box="[1394,1401,1702,1715]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">◦</superScript>
28 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFA12D4B8FA32F93C" attach="right" box="[1427,1431,1702,1715]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">′</superScript>
S
</geoCoordinate>
and 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0316DD5B0CFFFDFCB3D4DBFCDEF957" box="[818,891,1730,1752]" degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="-37.25">
37 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFCC8D4DCFCF5F940" attach="left" box="[841,848,1730,1743]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">◦</superScript>
15 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFCEBD4DCFCCBF940" attach="right" box="[874,878,1730,1743]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">′</superScript>
S
</geoCoordinate>
(
<locationDeviation id="9A3A69385B0CFFFDFC06D4DBFB60F957" box="[903,1221,1733,1752]" firstLocation="Papudo" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" secondLocation="Talcahuano">between Papudo and Talcahuano</locationDeviation>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F320308A5B0CFFFDFB4FD4DBFAA6F957" box="[1230,1283,1733,1752]" name="Chile" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Chile</collectingCountry>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88701A5B0CFFFDFCD0D4FEFC6CF838" blockId="10.[818,1487,1702,1975]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B943AC085B0CFFFDFCD0D4FEFBA7F97C" bold="true" box="[849,1026,1760,1779]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Additional localities</emphasis>
: 
<materialsCitation id="3B5F7A475B0CFFFDFB8FD4FFFC50F89F" collectorName="Puerto Montt" country="Iceland" latitude="-42.55" location="Chiloe" longLatPrecision="1149" longitude="-73.933334" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1">
<collectorName id="26C215CC5B0CFFFDFB8FD4FFFB2EF97B" box="[1038,1163,1761,1780]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Puerto Montt</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE0316DD5B0CFFFDFB19D4FFFB41F97B" box="[1176,1252,1758,1780]" degrees="41" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="-41.466667">
41 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFB30D4C0FB1DF964" attach="none" box="[1201,1208,1758,1771]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">◦</superScript>
28 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFB53D4C0FB73F964" attach="right" box="[1234,1238,1758,1771]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">′</superScript>
S
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0316DD5B0CFFFDFB6FD4FFFAE1F97B" box="[1262,1348,1758,1780]" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="-72.933334">
72 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFA87D4C0FAA8F964" attach="none" box="[1286,1293,1758,1771]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">◦</superScript>
56 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFAA6D4C0FA8EF964" attach="right" box="[1319,1323,1758,1771]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">′</superScript>
W
</geoCoordinate>
), 
<location id="8EE826C15B0CFFFDFAD5D4FFFA35F97B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039EC10C5B01FFFDFFE5D62AFC6CF838:8EE826C15B0CFFFDFAD5D4FFFA35F97B" box="[1364,1424,1761,1780]" country="Iceland" latitude="-42.55" longLatPrecision="1149" longitude="-73.933334" name="Chiloe" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Chiloe</location>
<collectingCountry id="F320308A5B0CFFFDFA07D4FEFA6AF97B" box="[1414,1487,1760,1780]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">´Island</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE0316DD5B0CFFFDFCB9D4E3FC20F89F" box="[824,901,1785,1808]" degrees="42" direction="south" minutes="33" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="-42.55">
42 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFCD0D4E7FCFDF889" attach="none" box="[849,856,1785,1798]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">◦</superScript>
33 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFCF3D4E7FCD3F889" attach="right" box="[882,886,1785,1798]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">′</superScript>
S
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0316DD5B0CFFFDFC19D4E3FC4BF89F" box="[920,1006,1785,1808]" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="-73.933334">
73 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFC31D4E7FC12F889" attach="none" box="[944,951,1785,1798]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">◦</superScript>
56 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFC50D4E7FC70F889" attach="right" box="[977,981,1785,1798]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">′</superScript>
W
</geoCoordinate>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B5F7A475B0CFFFDFB89D4E3FA23F8A3" collectorName="Calbuco &amp; Valdivia &amp; Mar" country="Chile" latitude="-33.016666" location="Niebla" longLatPrecision="1207" longitude="-71.55" municipality="Vina" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1">
<collectorName id="26C215CC5B0CFFFDFB89D4E3FBF1F89F" box="[1032,1108,1789,1808]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Calbuco</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE0316DD5B0CFFFDFBEBD4E3FB13F89F" box="[1130,1206,1785,1808]" degrees="41" direction="south" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="-41.766666">
41 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFB02D4E7FB2FF889" attach="none" box="[1155,1162,1785,1798]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">◦</superScript>
46 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFB25D4E7FB0DF889" attach="right" box="[1188,1192,1785,1798]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">′</superScript>
S
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0316DD5B0CFFFDFB4BD4E3FA85F89F" box="[1226,1312,1785,1808]" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="-73.11667">
73 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFB63D4E7FB4CF889" attach="none" box="[1250,1257,1785,1798]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">◦</superScript>
07 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFA82D4E7FAA2F889" attach="right" box="[1283,1287,1785,1798]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">′</superScript>
W
</geoCoordinate>
), 
<location id="8EE826C15B0CFFFDFAB8D4E3FADDF89F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039EC10C5B01FFFDFFE5D62AFC6CF838:8EE826C15B0CFFFDFAB8D4E3FADDF89F" box="[1337,1400,1789,1808]" country="Chile" latitude="-33.016666" longLatPrecision="1207" longitude="-71.55" municipality="Vina" name="Niebla" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Niebla</location>
/ 
<collectorName id="26C215CC5B0CFFFDFAFED4E3FA6AF89F" box="[1407,1487,1789,1808]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Valdivia</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE0316DD5B0CFFFDFCB8D507FC20F8A3" box="[825,901,1813,1836]" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="-39.866665">
39 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFCD0D50BFCFDF8AD" attach="left" box="[849,856,1813,1826]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">◦</superScript>
52 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFCF3D50BFCD3F8AD" attach="right" box="[882,886,1813,1826]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">′</superScript>
S
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0316DD5B0CFFFDFC0FD507FC47F8A3" box="[910,994,1813,1836]" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="-73.38333">
73 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFC27D50BFC08F8AD" attach="none" box="[934,941,1813,1826]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">◦</superScript>
23 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFC47D50BFC6FF8AD" attach="right" box="[966,970,1813,1826]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">′</superScript>
W
</geoCoordinate>
) and 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BECEA605B0CFFFDFB95D507FBE5F8A3" box="[1044,1088,1817,1836]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Vina</collectingMunicipality>
˜del 
<collectorName id="26C215CC5B0CFFFDFBE6D507FB28F8A3" box="[1127,1165,1817,1836]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mar</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE0316DD5B0CFFFDFB18D507FB41F8A3" box="[1177,1252,1813,1836]" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="-33.016666">
33 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFB30D50BFB1DF8AD" attach="left" box="[1201,1208,1813,1826]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">◦</superScript>
01 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFB53D50BFB73F8AD" attach="right" box="[1234,1238,1813,1826]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">′</superScript>
S
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0316DD5B0CFFFDFB6CD507FAE6F8A3" box="[1261,1347,1813,1836]" degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="-71.55">
71 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFA84D50BFAA9F8AD" attach="none" box="[1285,1292,1813,1826]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">◦</superScript>
33 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFAA7D50BFA8FF8AD" attach="right" box="[1318,1322,1813,1826]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">′</superScript>
W
</geoCoordinate>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F320308A5B0CFFFDFAD3D507FA23F8A3" box="[1362,1414,1817,1836]" name="Chile" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Chile</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B5F7A475B0CFFFDFA0FD507FA9CF8EC" collectorName="de Ajo" country="Argentina" latitude="-38.583332" location="Mar del Plata" longLatPrecision="1174" longitude="-58.65" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Buenos Aires">
Mar 
<collectorName id="26C215CC5B0CFFFDFA38D507FCF7F8C7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">de Ajo</collectorName>
´(
<geoCoordinate id="EE0316DD5B0CFFFDFCDFD52AFC0FF8C7" box="[862,938,1841,1864]" degrees="36" direction="south" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="-36.566666">
36 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFCF6D52FFCDBF8B1" attach="none" box="[887,894,1841,1854]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">◦</superScript>
34 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFC16D52FFC3EF8B1" attach="right" box="[919,923,1841,1854]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">′</superScript>
S
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0316DD5B0CFFFDFC32D52AFBACF8C7" box="[947,1033,1841,1864]" degrees="54" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="-54.65">
54 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFC4AD52FFC77F8B1" attach="none" box="[971,978,1841,1854]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">◦</superScript>
39 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFC6AD52FFC4AF8B1" attach="right" box="[1003,1007,1841,1854]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">′</superScript>
W
</geoCoordinate>
), 
<location id="8EE826C15B0CFFFDFB96D52BFB36F8C8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039EC10C5B01FFFDFFE5D62AFC6CF838:8EE826C15B0CFFFDFB96D52BFB36F8C8" box="[1047,1171,1844,1864]" country="Argentina" latitude="-38.583332" longLatPrecision="1174" longitude="-58.65" name="Mar del Plata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Buenos Aires">Mar del Plata</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE0316DD5B0CFFFDFB1ED52BFB4EF8C7" box="[1183,1259,1841,1864]" degrees="38" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="-38.083332">
38 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFB39D52FFB1AF8B1" attach="none" box="[1208,1215,1841,1854]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">◦</superScript>
05 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFB58D52FFB78F8B1" attach="right" box="[1241,1245,1841,1854]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">′</superScript>
S
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0316DD5B0CFFFDFB75D52AFAEDF8C7" box="[1268,1352,1841,1864]" degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="-56.966667">
56 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFA8DD52FFAB6F8B1" attach="none" box="[1292,1299,1841,1854]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">◦</superScript>
58 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFAACD52FFA94F8B1" attach="right" box="[1325,1329,1841,1854]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">′</superScript>
W
</geoCoordinate>
) and Quequ´en (
<geoCoordinate id="EE0316DD5B0CFFFDFCB8D54EFC20F8EC" box="[825,901,1869,1891]" degrees="38" direction="south" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="-38.583332">
38 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFCD0D553FCFDF8D5" attach="left" box="[849,856,1869,1882]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">◦</superScript>
35 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFCF3D553FCD3F8D5" attach="right" box="[882,886,1869,1882]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">′</superScript>
S
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0316DD5B0CFFFDFC11D54EFC43F8EC" box="[912,998,1869,1891]" degrees="58" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="-58.65">
58 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFC29D553FC0AF8D5" attach="none" box="[936,943,1869,1882]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">◦</superScript>
39 
<superScript id="7C42DD525B0CFFFDFC49D553FC69F8D5" attach="left" box="[968,972,1869,1882]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">′</superScript>
W
</geoCoordinate>
), 
<collectingRegion id="49F3BEF85B0CFFFDFC76D54FFB6BF8EC" box="[1015,1230,1872,1892]" country="Argentina" name="Buenos Aires" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Buenos Aires Province</collectingRegion>
, 
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