treatments-xml/data/03/BE/87/03BE879CFFB2FFFCFF3BFA3AFD89FD18.xml

<document id="AFE0A4C9DF365D5F40EB358C5F423208" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4039.4.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4c2c0bed-2f66-44b5-836c-1332d25dd17e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="239102" ID-ZooBank="D86C0159-4D25-4C45-BB99-4E043E0E6D72" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461333414426" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bella, Salvatore, Cupani, Sebastiano, D’Urso, Vera, Laudonia, Stefania, Sinno, Martina &amp; Viggiani, Gennaro" docDate="2015" docId="03BE879CFFB2FFFCFF3BFA3AFD89FD18" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04039p590.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4039 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Oligosita balcluthae Viggiani et Laudonia, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="589" masterDocId="FF87FFE4FFB3FFFAFFACFF93FFC5FFD4" masterDocTitle="Description of a new species of Oligosita Walker (Chalcidoidea: Trichogrammatidae), egg parasitoid of Balclutha brevis Lindberg (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) living on Pennisetum setaceum, from Italy" masterLastPageNumber="590" masterPageNumber="583" pageNumber="584" updateTime="1698618834282" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="2F43859CA03ECEE3AB568F77F7C66952">Description of a new species of Oligosita Walker (Chalcidoidea: Trichogrammatidae), egg parasitoid of Balclutha brevis Lindberg (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) living on Pennisetum setaceum, from Italy</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="82CCEFC0344393C3F01F9B5E2A210A50">Bella, Salvatore</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D2E60473E12433E153250C0F057E995B">Cupani, Sebastiano</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="682353B253F3B4F2CB7B7D7FBD1DCB34">D’Urso, Vera</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B54CEFB6326E41828A2A95CA6ADC88A6">Laudonia, Stefania</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E70D5452ABBAE4279A7BC0B4B191EAE4">Sinno, Martina</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03BE879CFFB2FFFCFF3BFA3AFD89FD18" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6104286" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119644343" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6104286" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE879CFFB2FFFCFF3BFA3AFD89FD18" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE879CFFB2FFFCFF3BFA3AFD89FD18" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="589" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">
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<paragraph id="8BA8368AFFB2FFFBFF3BFA3AFD27FA17" blockId="1.[151,738,1449,1509]" box="[151,738,1449,1475]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">
<heading id="D0E081E6FFB2FFFBFF3BFA3AFD27FA17" bold="true" box="[151,738,1449,1475]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB2FFFBFF3BFA3AFD27FA17" bold="true" box="[151,738,1449,1475]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB2FFFBFF3BFA3AFD52FA17" authority="Viggiani et Laudonia" authorityName="Viggiani et Laudonia" box="[151,663,1449,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Oligosita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balcluthae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB2FFFBFF3BFA3AFE4FFA17" bold="true" box="[151,394,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">Oligosita balcluthae</emphasis>
Viggiani et Laudonia
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057E3FFB2FFFBFD33FA3AFD27FA17" box="[671,738,1449,1475]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="8BA8368AFFB2FFFBFF3BFA5FFF3CFA30" blockId="1.[151,738,1449,1509]" box="[151,249,1484,1509]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">
<figureCitation id="132C2A0FFFB2FFFBFF3BFA5FFF19FA30" box="[151,220,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. a – f" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1966,1988]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,224,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[165,1423,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. a – f, Oligosita balcluthae: a, female mounted on a slide; b, female antenna; c, fore wing; d, metanotum and propodeum; e, ovipositor and hypogynium in lateral view; f, hypogynium from the ventral surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/239103/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">Figs 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="132C2A0FFFB2FFFBFF46FA5FFF3CFA30" box="[234,249,1484,1508]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. a – c" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1924,1946]" captionTargetBox="[177,1426,193,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[177,1462,193,1883]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. a – c, Oligosita balcluthae: a, male antenna; b, male genitalia, lateral view; c, male genitalia, ventral view. d, Oligosita biscrensis, metasoma and ovipositor. e, egg of Balclutha brevis containing an adult of O. balcluthae ready to emerge. f, eggs of B. brevis, two of them, from the right, parasitized by O. balcluthae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/239104/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">2</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BA8368AFFB2FFFBFF3BF987FD05F969" blockId="1.[151,1437,1556,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB2FFFBFF3BF987FEE4F9F9" bold="true" box="[151,289,1556,1581]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">Description</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB2FFFBFE9FF987FE42F9F8" box="[307,391,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">Female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132C2A0FFFB2FFFBFE35F987FE29F9F8" box="[409,492,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. a – f" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1966,1988]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,224,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[165,1423,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. a – f, Oligosita balcluthae: a, female mounted on a slide; b, female antenna; c, fore wing; d, metanotum and propodeum; e, ovipositor and hypogynium in lateral view; f, hypogynium from the ventral surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/239103/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">Fig. 1a</figureCitation>
). Body length: 
<quantity id="4CEF9B6FFFB2FFFBFD09F987FCC9F9F8" box="[677,780,1556,1581]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" unit="mm" value="0.65">0.65 mm</quantity>
(SD: 0.060; n: 20). Body honey yellow, ocelli and eyes black, head below the level of lower margin of eyes brown, some infuscation may be present laterally and ventrally on prothorax, and laterally on mesosoma and metasoma. Ovipositor sheaths brown. Fore wing (
<figureCitation id="132C2A0FFFB2FFFBFB55F9CFFA8EF9A0" box="[1273,1355,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. a – f" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1966,1988]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,224,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[165,1423,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. a – f, Oligosita balcluthae: a, female mounted on a slide; b, female antenna; c, fore wing; d, metanotum and propodeum; e, ovipositor and hypogynium in lateral view; f, hypogynium from the ventral surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/239103/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">Fig. 1c</figureCitation>
) blade lightly infuscate from base to distal margin; additional black spots present at level of premarginal vein and stigmal vein. Legs with coxae and last tarsomeres brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8368AFFB2FFFBFF6BF95BFC72F809" blockId="1.[151,1437,1556,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">
Ratio of head: mesosoma: metasoma length = 5:8:14. Head slightly wider than mesosoma, about twice as wide as long. Mandibles each with 2 teeth and an internal truncation. Maxillary palpus one segmented, twice as long as wide, with a stout process of the same length and a terminal seta twice as long as palpus. Labial palpus vestigial, with a long seta as long as terminal seta on maxillary palpus. Antenna (
<figureCitation id="132C2A0FFFB2FFFBFC6DF8A7FBD7F899" box="[961,1042,1844,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. a – f" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1966,1988]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,224,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[165,1423,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. a – f, Oligosita balcluthae: a, female mounted on a slide; b, female antenna; c, fore wing; d, metanotum and propodeum; e, ovipositor and hypogynium in lateral view; f, hypogynium from the ventral surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/239103/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">Fig. 1b</figureCitation>
) inserted just above level of lower ocular line; scape rather narrow, as long as club; pedicel slightly wider than scape; anellus transverse, very small; funicle segment narrowest basally, narrower and shorter than pedicel (10:17); club widest at level of distal part of first segment and base of second segment, the latter slightly longer than the third; apical process a little shorter than third claval segment (8: 10). Setae and sensilla of antenna as in 
<figureCitation id="132C2A0FFFB2FFFBFCCCF857FC77F809" box="[864,946,1988,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. a – f" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1966,1988]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,224,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[165,1423,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. a – f, Oligosita balcluthae: a, female mounted on a slide; b, female antenna; c, fore wing; d, metanotum and propodeum; e, ovipositor and hypogynium in lateral view; f, hypogynium from the ventral surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/239103/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">Fig. 1b</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA8368AFFB1FFF8FF3BF83DFB44F837" blockId="2.[151,1435,1966,2019]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB1FFF8FF3BF83DFED5F810" bold="true" box="[151,272,1966,1988]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
. a–f, 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB1FFF8FEFEF83DFDE0F810" box="[338,549,1966,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Oligosita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balcluthae">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB1FFF8FEFEF83DFDE0F810" box="[338,549,1966,1988]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">Oligosita balcluthae</emphasis>
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: a, female mounted on a slide; b, female antenna; c, fore wing; d, metanotum and propodeum; e, ovipositor and hypogynium in lateral view; f, hypogynium from the ventral surface.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA8368AFFB0FFF9FF6BFF0BFEC0FC39" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
Pronotum short, as long as metanotum, each lateral angle with a seta. Mid lobe of mesoscutum a little wider than long (40:35), with shallow, longitudinal, net-like sculpture and with one seta half as long as scutellum at midlevel near lateral margin; scutellum one-third length of mid lobe of mesoscutum, with a pair of setae and two pores, each pore placed internally near base of seta and distant from each other by distance equal to length of seta. Axilla with one seta. Metanotum (
<figureCitation id="132C2A0FFFB0FFF9FE4AFEB4FDF8FE94" box="[486,573,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. a – f" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1966,1988]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,224,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[165,1423,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. a – f, Oligosita balcluthae: a, female mounted on a slide; b, female antenna; c, fore wing; d, metanotum and propodeum; e, ovipositor and hypogynium in lateral view; f, hypogynium from the ventral surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/239103/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Fig. 1d</figureCitation>
) very short, about one-third as long as scutellum, with some striation. Propodeum (
<figureCitation id="132C2A0FFFB0FFF9FE85FEDFFEBFFEB1" box="[297,378,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. a – f" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1966,1988]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,224,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[165,1423,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. a – f, Oligosita balcluthae: a, female mounted on a slide; b, female antenna; c, fore wing; d, metanotum and propodeum; e, ovipositor and hypogynium in lateral view; f, hypogynium from the ventral surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/239103/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Fig. 1d</figureCitation>
) as long as scutellum, with a triangular mid lobe and longitudinal striation also extending to lateral parts of the sclerite with reticulate sculpture; spiracle situated a little more than own diameter from anterior margin of propodeum. Fore wing (
<figureCitation id="132C2A0FFFB0FFF9FDBBFE07FDA1FE78" box="[535,612,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. a – f" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1966,1988]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,224,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[165,1423,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. a – f, Oligosita balcluthae: a, female mounted on a slide; b, female antenna; c, fore wing; d, metanotum and propodeum; e, ovipositor and hypogynium in lateral view; f, hypogynium from the ventral surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/239103/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Fig. 1c</figureCitation>
) 3.4× as long as broad; venation extending about 3/5 wing length; ratio of submarginal: premarginal: marginal: stigmal veins = 18:8:20:6. Costal cell narrow, twice as long as marginal vein, with one seta on anterior margin at level of mid-length of premarginal vein; veins with rather long setae, one seta on submarginal vein about as long as premarginal vein, one at base of premarginal vein about as long as seta on submarginal vein, and three on marginal vein, the distal one the longest. Fore wing blade with distal margin not regularly rounded, with a few (4–6) microsetae along posterior margin opposite of marginal vein; disc distally beyond level of stigmal vein with a row of submarginal setae, with 2 to 3 irregular rows of setae extending from uncus to distal margin, and another 2 to 3 irregular rows extending just above posterior margin of disc from level of stigmal vein to distal margin; fringe well developed; maximum length of cilia along anal margin about as long as maximum width of disc. 
<collectingCountry id="F300761AFFB0FFF9FE19FD44FE28FD24" box="[437,493,727,752]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Hind</collectingCountry>
wing with a row of microsetae just behind anterior margin. Front leg with tarsus a little longer than tibia (25:20), tarsomeres subequal in length and width, with basitarsomere shorter than last tarsomere (6:8); middle leg with basitarsomere longer than distal tarsomere (10:8); hind leg with tarsomeres as for middle leg and tibial spur about half as long as basitarsomere. Metasoma ovate (
<figureCitation id="132C2A0FFFB0FFF9FBE4FCD7FB5FFC88" box="[1096,1178,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. a – f" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1966,1988]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,224,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[165,1423,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. a – f, Oligosita balcluthae: a, female mounted on a slide; b, female antenna; c, fore wing; d, metanotum and propodeum; e, ovipositor and hypogynium in lateral view; f, hypogynium from the ventral surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/239103/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Fig. 1a</figureCitation>
), as long as head and mesosoma combined; urotergites with shallow longitudinal reticulation. Ovipositor with base inserted at level of the fourth urite, not extruded; third valvulae very short, only 0.13 total ovipositor length; ratio of ovipositor: front tibia length = 4:2; hypogynium distal margin reaching basal half of ovipositor (
<figureCitation id="132C2A0FFFB0FFF9FBBCFC3CFB9BFC1C" box="[1040,1118,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. a – f" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1966,1988]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,224,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[165,1423,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. a – f, Oligosita balcluthae: a, female mounted on a slide; b, female antenna; c, fore wing; d, metanotum and propodeum; e, ovipositor and hypogynium in lateral view; f, hypogynium from the ventral surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/239103/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Fig. 1e</figureCitation>
) and with ventral surface as in 
<figureCitation id="132C2A0FFFB0FFF9FF18FC47FEC4FC39" box="[180,257,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. a – f" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1966,1988]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,224,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[165,1423,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. a – f, Oligosita balcluthae: a, female mounted on a slide; b, female antenna; c, fore wing; d, metanotum and propodeum; e, ovipositor and hypogynium in lateral view; f, hypogynium from the ventral surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/239103/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
Fig. 
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8368AFFB0FFF9FF6BFC6BFC11FB11" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB0FFF9FF6BFC6BFEC4FBC4" box="[199,257,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Male</emphasis>
. Similar to female in colour and morphological features. Body length 
<quantity id="4CEF9B6FFFB0FFF9FBBBFC64FBBEFBDB" box="[1047,1147,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" unit="mm" value="0.56">0.56 mm</quantity>
(DS: 0.072; n: 20) a little shorter than that of female. Metasoma distally less pointed and with some dusky spots. Antenna (
<figureCitation id="132C2A0FFFB0FFF9FB4AFB8FFAF3FBE0" box="[1254,1334,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. a – c" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1924,1946]" captionTargetBox="[177,1426,193,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[177,1462,193,1883]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. a – c, Oligosita balcluthae: a, male antenna; b, male genitalia, lateral view; c, male genitalia, ventral view. d, Oligosita biscrensis, metasoma and ovipositor. e, egg of Balclutha brevis containing an adult of O. balcluthae ready to emerge. f, eggs of B. brevis, two of them, from the right, parasitized by O. balcluthae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/239104/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
) without apical process. Male genitalia inserted at level of VIII urite; tubular, in lateral view curved ventrally (
<figureCitation id="132C2A0FFFB0FFF9FABDFBACFAA0FB8C" box="[1297,1381,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. a – c" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1924,1946]" captionTargetBox="[177,1426,193,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[177,1462,193,1883]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. a – c, Oligosita balcluthae: a, male antenna; b, male genitalia, lateral view; c, male genitalia, ventral view. d, Oligosita biscrensis, metasoma and ovipositor. e, egg of Balclutha brevis containing an adult of O. balcluthae ready to emerge. f, eggs of B. brevis, two of them, from the right, parasitized by O. balcluthae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/239104/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
), the basal half a little wider than the last distal part; aedeagal apodemes (
<figureCitation id="132C2A0FFFB0FFF9FC04FBF7FC3FFBA8" box="[936,1018,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. a – c" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1924,1946]" captionTargetBox="[177,1426,193,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[177,1462,193,1883]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. a – c, Oligosita balcluthae: a, male antenna; b, male genitalia, lateral view; c, male genitalia, ventral view. d, Oligosita biscrensis, metasoma and ovipositor. e, egg of Balclutha brevis containing an adult of O. balcluthae ready to emerge. f, eggs of B. brevis, two of them, from the right, parasitized by O. balcluthae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/239104/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Fig. 2c</figureCitation>
) short, as long as width of aedeagus body. Dimensions of the male genitalia: total length on average 
<quantity id="4CEF9B6FFFB0FFF9FCC8FB1BFC0DFB74" box="[868,968,1160,1184]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.10 mm</quantity>
(SD: 
<quantity id="4CEF9B6FFFB0FFF9FBA7FB1BFB45FB74" box="[1035,1152,1160,1184]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" unit="mm" value="0.003">0.003 mm</quantity>
; n: 15); basal width: 
<quantity id="4CEF9B6FFFB0FFF9FAC7FB1BFF06FB10" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" unit="mm" value="0.01">0.01 mm</quantity>
(SD: 
<quantity id="4CEF9B6FFFB0FFF9FEA9FB3FFEBFFB10" box="[261,378,1196,1220]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" unit="mm" value="0.001">0.001 mm</quantity>
; n: 15); apodeme length: 0.01 (SD: 
<quantity id="4CEF9B6FFFB0FFF9FCA7FB3FFC45FB10" box="[779,896,1196,1220]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" unit="mm" value="0.001">0.001 mm</quantity>
; n: 15).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30D6501FFB0FFF9FF6BFB5CFC6DFB3C" box="[199,936,1231,1257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA8368AFFB0FFF9FF6BFB5CFC6DFB3C" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2005]" box="[199,936,1231,1257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB0FFF9FF6BFB5CFE83FB3C" bold="true" box="[199,326,1231,1256]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Etymology</emphasis>
. The name is in reference to the host genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB0FFF9FC98FB43FC64FB3C" box="[820,929,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Balclutha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB0FFF9FC98FB43FC64FB3C" box="[820,929,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Balclutha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30D6501FFB0FFFCFF6BFB67FE9AFEB1" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="589" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA8368AFFB0FFF9FF6BFB67FEBFFA81" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB0FFF9FF6BFB67FE7DFAD9" bold="true" box="[199,440,1268,1293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54AC8828FFB0FFF9FE6BFB67FDEAFAD9" box="[455,559,1268,1293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(♀), on slide, Catania, 
<date id="FFA9104AFFB0FFF9FCF0FB67FC22FAD8" box="[860,999,1268,1292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" value="2014-07-11">11.VII.2014</date>
, Piazza Michelangelo (
<geoCoordinate id="EE23504DFFB0FFF9FAAFFB67FA5DFAD8" box="[1283,1432,1268,1292]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" precision="15" value="37.522778">37°31'22'' N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE23504DFFB0FFF9FF3BFA84FEE1FAE4" box="[151,292,1303,1328]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" precision="15" value="15.092777">15°05'34'' E</geoCoordinate>
); 
<quantity id="4CEF9B6FFFB0FFF9FE90FA8BFEBCFAE4" box="[316,377,1304,1328]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" unit="m" value="43.0">43 m</quantity>
a.s.l., from egg of 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB0FFF9FDF3FA8BFCDCFAE4" box="[607,793,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Balclutha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB0FFF9FDF3FA8BFCDCFAE4" box="[607,793,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Balclutha brevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, leg. S. Bella. Allotype (♂): Catania, 
<date id="FFA9104AFFB0FFF9FB77FA8BFA96FAE4" box="[1243,1363,1304,1328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" value="2014-10-18">18.X.2014</date>
, same locality as 
<typeStatus id="54AC8828FFB0FFF9FEBCFAAFFEB3FA81" box="[272,374,1340,1365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8368AFFB0FFF9FF6BFAF2FEC9FA14" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
<typeStatus id="54AC8828FFB0FFF9FF6BFAF2FEFCFAAD" box="[199,313,1377,1401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: 5 ♀, same data as 
<typeStatus id="54AC8828FFB0FFF9FDA2FACCFDB1FAAC" box="[526,628,1375,1400]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; 3 ♀ and 
<specimenCount id="9D11FD03FFB0FFF9FD73FAF2FCCFFAAC" box="[735,778,1377,1400]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="generic">7 ♂</specimenCount>
on slide, same data as allotype; 1 ♀ and 
<specimenCount id="9D11FD03FFB0FFF9FB78FAF3FB38FAAC" box="[1236,1277,1376,1400]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
on card, from parasitized eggs collected in Catania, 
<date id="FFA9104AFFB0FFF9FDE2FA17FD69FA49" box="[590,684,1412,1437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" value="2015-03">III.2015</date>
, emerged in the Department of Agriculture-BIPAF laboratory on 
<date id="FFA9104AFFB0FFF9FF3BFA34FECCFA14" box="[151,265,1447,1472]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" value="2015-04-08">8.IV.2015</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8368AFFB0FFF9FF6BFA5FFBE8F94C" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
Additional material: 27 ♀ and 
<specimenCount id="9D11FD03FFB0FFF9FD84FA5FFD91FA30" box="[552,596,1484,1508]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="generic">8 ♂</specimenCount>
in alcohol, same data as 
<typeStatus id="54AC8828FFB0FFF9FCD4FA5FFC1BFA31" box="[888,990,1484,1509]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; 40 ♀ and 
<specimenCount id="9D11FD03FFB0FFF9FBCCFA5FFB4BFA30" box="[1120,1166,1484,1508]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="generic">8 ♂</specimenCount>
, dried specimens, same data as 
<typeStatus id="54AC8828FFB0FFF9FF41FA7CFE8AF9DC" box="[237,335,1519,1544]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
deposited in the entomological collection of the Department of Agriculture-BIPAF University of Naples “Federico II”, Portici, Napoli, 
<collectingCountry id="F300761AFFB0FFF9FDE6F987FD42F9F9" box="[586,647,1556,1581]" name="Italy" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Italia</collectingCountry>
. 43 ♀ in alcohol and 13♀ dried specimens, 
<specimenCount id="9D11FD03FFB0FFF9FB2EF987FB79F9F8" box="[1154,1212,1556,1580]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="generic">28 ♂</specimenCount>
in alcohol and 
<specimenCount id="9D11FD03FFB0FFF9FADCF987FA59F9F8" box="[1392,1436,1556,1580]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="generic">8 ♂</specimenCount>
dried specimens are preserved in the laboratory of CREA-ACM Acireale (Catania). 183 ♀ and 
<specimenCount id="9D11FD03FFB0FFF9FB68F9ABFB39F984" box="[1220,1276,1592,1616]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="generic">97 ♂</specimenCount>
in alcohol are deposited in the entomological collection of the Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Animal Biology &quot;Marcello La Greca&quot;, University of Catania.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8368AFFB0FFF9FF6BF937FC2BF898" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
The 
<typeStatus id="54AC8828FFB0FFF9FF56F937FE9AF969" box="[250,351,1700,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 5 ♀ and 
<specimenCount id="9D11FD03FFB0FFF9FE61F937FE3DF968" box="[461,504,1700,1724]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="generic">4 ♂</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="54AC8828FFB0FFF9FE53F936FDAEF969" box="[511,619,1701,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
and all additional material are deposited in the entomological collection of the Department of Agriculture-Division of Biology and Protection of Agricultural and Forest Systems (
<collectionCode id="ED06AE4FFFB0FFF9FAE8F95BFA50F934" box="[1348,1429,1736,1760]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">BIPAF</collectionCode>
) University of Naples “Federico II”, Portici, Napoli, 
<collectingCountry id="F300761AFFB0FFF9FD49F97FFCE7F8D1" box="[741,802,1772,1797]" name="Italy" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Italia</collectingCountry>
; 1♀ and 
<specimenCount id="9D11FD03FFB0FFF9FC26F97FFC70F8D0" box="[906,949,1772,1796]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="54AC8828FFB0FFF9FC11F97EFBDBF8D1" box="[957,1054,1773,1797]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
in the National History Museum, London, 
<collectingCountry id="F300761AFFB0FFF9FF50F89CFE99F8FC" box="[252,348,1807,1832]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">England</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F300761AFFB0FFF9FECBF882FE65F8FC" box="[359,416,1809,1832]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">U.K.</collectingCountry>
; 1 ♀ and 
<specimenCount id="9D11FD03FFB0FFF9FDA0F883FDF3F8FC" box="[524,566,1808,1832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="54AC8828FFB0FFF9FD91F882FD58F8FD" box="[573,669,1809,1833]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
in the University of California, Riverside, California, 
<collectingCountry id="F300761AFFB0FFF9FB50F883FAF2F8FC" box="[1276,1335,1808,1832]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">USA</collectingCountry>
; 1 ♀ and 
<specimenCount id="9D11FD03FFB0FFF9FF3BF8A7FF04F898" box="[151,193,1844,1868]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="54AC8828FFB0FFF9FF64F8A6FEECF899" box="[200,297,1845,1869]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
in the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D. C.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8368AFFB0FFFFFF6BF8C4FD77FEB0" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2005]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,1077]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="588" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB0FFF9FF6BF8C4FE5EF8A4" bold="true" box="[199,411,1879,1904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Taxonomic notes.</emphasis>
This new species belongs to the 
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB0FFF9FC87F8CBFCBCF8A4" box="[811,889,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">collina</emphasis>
group (Viggiani 1976) of 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB0FFF9FB19F8CBFAB2F8A4" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" box="[1205,1399,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Oligosita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB0FFF9FB19F8CBFAD8F8A4" box="[1205,1309,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Oligosita</emphasis>
Walker
</taxonomicName>
as redefined by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B7BFFB0FFF9FE9DF8EAFDA5F846" author="Pinto" box="[305,608,1913,1938]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" refString="Pinto, J. D. &amp; Viggiani, G. (2004) A review of the genera of Oligositini (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) with a preliminary hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 13, 269 - 294." type="journal article" year="2004">Pinto and Viggiani (2004)</bibRefCitation>
. Among known species belonging to this group, which is characterized mostly by antenna and fore wing shape, 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB0FFF9FDC8F808FD3BF867" box="[612,766,1947,1971]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Oligosita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balcluthae">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB0FFF9FDC8F808FD3BF867" box="[612,766,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">O. balcluthae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears very similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB0FFF9FBBFF808FAA1F867" authority="Nowicki (1935)" authorityName="Nowicki" authorityYear="1935" box="[1043,1380,1946,1971]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Oligosita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biscrensis">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB0FFF9FBBFF808FB60F867" box="[1043,1189,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">O. biscrensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B7BFFB0FFF9FB01F809FAA1F867" author="Nowicki" box="[1197,1380,1946,1971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" refString="Nowicki, S. (1935) Descriptions of new Genera and Species of the Family Trichogrammidae (Hym. Chalcidoidea) from the Palearctic Region, with notes - I. Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie, 21, 583. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0418.1935. tb 00406. x" type="journal article" year="1935">Nowicki (1935)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The latter species is known only from its original description, based on a female collected in a palm orchard of Biscra (Northern Sahara), 
<collectingCountry id="F300761AFFB6FFFFFED5FF04FE15FF64" box="[377,464,151,176]" name="Algeria" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Algeria</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FFA9104AFFB6FFFFFE70FF0BFDBBFF64" box="[476,638,152,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" value="1931-06-24">June 24, 1931</date>
. The 
<typeStatus id="54AC8828FFB6FFFFFD11FF0BFD28FF64" box="[701,749,152,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">type</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB6FFFFFCB8FF0BFC63FF64" box="[788,934,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Oligosita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biscrensis">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB6FFFFFCB8FF0BFC63FF64" box="[788,934,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">O. biscrensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is preserved in the entomological collection of the Dipartimento di Entomologia e Zoologia agraria “Filippo Silvestri” (
<collectionCode id="ED06AE4FFFB6FFFFFC4BFF2FFBFDFF00" box="[999,1080,188,212]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hksq-v50t" name="Dipartimento di Entomologia e Zoologia Agraria dell'Universita" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">DEZA</collectionCode>
), Portici (NA), Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”. It was dissected and originally mounted on three cards; each with a circular hole covered with glass on both sides, but was remounted by Viggiani on two slides using balsam-phenol as the medium. 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB6FFFFFEAEFEBBFE26FE94" box="[258,483,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Oligosita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biscrensis">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB6FFFFFEAEFEBBFE26FE94" box="[258,483,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Oligosita biscrensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be added to the list of species in the S. Nowicki collection preserved in the above mentioned institution by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B7BFFB6FFFFFE55FEDFFD6BFEB0" author="Viggiani" box="[505,686,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" refString="Viggiani, G. (2011 [2009]) Notes on the collection of Mymaridae and Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of S. Nowicki and on some Aphelinoidea (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Frustula entomologica, New Series, XXXII (XLV), 101 - 110." type="journal article" year="2011">Viggiani (2011)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF686602FFB7FFFEFF3BF817FC62F803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/239104/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" targetBox="[177,1426,193,1881]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BA8368AFFB7FFFEFF3BF817FC62F803" blockId="4.[151,1437,1924,2007]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB7FFFEFF3BF817FED3F84D" bold="true" box="[151,278,1924,1946]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
a–c, 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB7FFFEFEF8F817FDE2F84E" box="[340,551,1924,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Oligosita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balcluthae">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB7FFFEFEF8F817FDE2F84E" box="[340,551,1924,1946]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Oligosita balcluthae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: a, male antenna; b, male genitalia, lateral view; c, male genitalia, ventral view. d, 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB7FFFEFF3BF831FE9AF86C" box="[151,351,1954,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Oligosita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biscrensis">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB7FFFEFF3BF831FE9AF86C" box="[151,351,1954,1976]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Oligosita biscrensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, metasoma and ovipositor. e, egg of 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB7FFFEFD78F831FCBCF86C" box="[724,889,1954,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Balclutha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB7FFFEFD78F831FCBCF86C" box="[724,889,1954,1976]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Balclutha brevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
containing an adult of 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB7FFFEFBCFF830FB28F86C" box="[1123,1261,1954,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Oligosita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balcluthae">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB7FFFEFBCFF830FB28F86C" box="[1123,1261,1954,1976]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">O. balcluthae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ready to emerge. f, eggs of 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB7FFFEFF50F851FE90F803" box="[252,341,1985,2007]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Balclutha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB7FFFEFF50F851FE90F803" box="[252,341,1985,2007]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">B. brevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, two of them, from the right, parasitized by 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB7FFFEFCB9F851FC67F803" box="[789,930,1985,2007]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Oligosita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balcluthae">O. balcluthae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA8368AFFB6FFFFFF6BFEFCFF06FDCC" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">
Specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB6FFFFFECBFEE3FDC5FE5C" box="[359,512,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Oligosita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balcluthae">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB6FFFFFECBFEE3FDC5FE5C" box="[359,512,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">O. balcluthae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB6FFFFFC98FEE3FC02FE5C" box="[820,967,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Oligosita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biscrensis">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB6FFFFFC98FEE3FC02FE5C" box="[820,967,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">O. biscrensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the lower part of the head being dark, the fore wing fringe being about as long as the maximum discal width, and the ovipositor being only twice as long as the front tibia. The 
<typeStatus id="54AC8828FFB6FFFFFE3DFE24FE36FE04" box="[401,499,439,464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB6FFFFFDB6FE2BFD69FE04" box="[538,684,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Oligosita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biscrensis">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB6FFFFFDB6FE2BFD69FE04" box="[538,684,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">O. biscrensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the head completely yellow, the longest setae of the fore wing fringe shorter than the maximum discal width (2/3), and the ovipositor three times as long as the front tibia (
<figureCitation id="132C2A0FFFB6FFFFFAC3FE4FFF62FDCC" captionStart="FIGURE 2. a – c" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1924,1946]" captionTargetBox="[177,1426,193,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[177,1462,193,1883]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. a – c, Oligosita balcluthae: a, male antenna; b, male genitalia, lateral view; c, male genitalia, ventral view. d, Oligosita biscrensis, metasoma and ovipositor. e, egg of Balclutha brevis containing an adult of O. balcluthae ready to emerge. f, eggs of B. brevis, two of them, from the right, parasitized by O. balcluthae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/239104/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
d).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8368AFFB6FFFFFF6BFDB7FF1AFDB4" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">
Male genitalia of 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB6FFFFFE22FDB7FDE2FDE8" box="[398,551,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Oligosita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balcluthae">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB6FFFFFE22FDB7FDE2FDE8" box="[398,551,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">O. balcluthae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
show the typical shape known for other species of the 
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB6FFFFFB38FDB7FB27FDE8" box="[1172,1250,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">collina</emphasis>
group (
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B7BFFB6FFFFFA96FDB7FF16FDB4" author="Viggiani" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" refString="Viggiani, G. (1971) Studio morfologico comparativo dell'armatura genitale esterna maschile dei Trichogrammatidae. Ricerche sugli Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea. XXVIII. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia agraria Filippo Silvestri, 29, 181 - 222." type="journal article" year="1971">Viggiani 1971</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8368AFFB6FFFFFF6BFDFFFC61FC38" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB6FFFFFF6BFDFFFE72FD51" bold="true" box="[199,439,620,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Molecular analyses.</emphasis>
The 28S-D2 and 
<collectionCode id="ED06AE4FFFB6FFFFFD27FDFFFD70FD50" box="[651,693,620,644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">ITS</collectionCode>
2 regions were successfully amplified and sequenced. 
<collectionCode id="ED06AE4FFFB6FFFFFA82FDFFFA9DFD50" box="[1326,1368,620,644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">ITS</collectionCode>
2 was used to provide molecular analysis of the new species. rDNA genes or nucleotide regions have proven to be useful in taxonomic studies for various taxa and one of the most important target regions used in molecular analysis was ribosomal 
<collectionCode id="ED06AE4FFFB6FFFFFEBDFD4BFE8BFD24" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" box="[273,334,728,752]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">DNA</collectionCode>
which is relatively less changed and is composed of 28S D2 gene regions and internal spaces 
<collectionCode id="ED06AE4FFFB6FFFFFF3BFD6FFF01FCC0" box="[151,196,764,788]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">ITS</collectionCode>
2. The sequence analysis of 
<collectionCode id="ED06AE4FFFB6FFFFFE53FD6FFDECFCC0" box="[511,553,764,788]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">ITS</collectionCode>
2 rDNA has been described in several studies as a tool for 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB6FFFFFB6CFD6FFA59FCC1" box="[1216,1436,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Trichogrammatidae</taxonomicName>
identification as well (Kan 
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB6FFFFFE60FCB2FE3BFCEC" box="[460,510,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">et al</emphasis>
. 1996; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B7BFFB6FFFFFDFAFC8CFCD3FCEC" author="Pinto" box="[598,790,799,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" refString="Pinto, J. D., Stouthamer, R. &amp; Platner, G. R. (1997) A new cryptic species of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) from the Mojave desert of California as determined by morphological, reproductive and molecular data. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 99, 238 - 247." type="journal article" year="1997">
Pinto 
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB6FFFFFD36FCB2FD09FCEC" box="[666,716,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">et al</emphasis>
. 1997
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B7BFFB6FFFFFC8EFCB3FC9BFCEC" author="Pinto" box="[802,862,800,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" refString="Pinto, J. D., Koopmanschap, A. B., Platner, G. R. &amp; Stouthamer, R. (2002) The North American Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) parasitizing certain Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) on apple and pear, with ITS 2 DNA characterization and description of a new species. Biological Control, 23, 134 - 142. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1006 / bcon. 2001.0995" type="journal article" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B7BFFB6FFFFFCC7FC8CFBF6FCEC" author="Sayed" box="[875,1075,799,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" refString="Sayed, S. M., El-Shehawi, A. M. &amp; Al-Otaibi, S. A. (2011) Molecular and Biological Characterization of Trichogramma turkestenica (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) which Inhabits Taif governorate at the West of Saudi Arabia. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10 (46), 9467 - 9472. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5897 / AJB 11.868." type="journal article" year="2011">
Sayed 
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB6FFFFFC1BFCB2FC2FFCEC" box="[951,1002,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">et al</emphasis>
. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B7BFFB6FFFFFBECFCB3FACAFCEC" author="Sumer" box="[1088,1295,800,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" refString="Sumer, F., Oztemiz, S., Tuncbilek, A. S. &amp; Stouthamer, R. (2011) Sequence analysis of the ribosomal DNA ITS 2 region in two Trichogramma species (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Archives of Biological Sciences, Belgrade, 63 (4), 949 - 954. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2298 / ABS 1104949 E" type="journal article" year="2011">
Sumer 
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB6FFFFFB3DFCB2FB06FCEC" box="[1169,1219,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">et al</emphasis>
. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
). 28S rDNA coding rRNA is accepted as a highly conserved gene region during evolutionary processes, so it is used to construct phylogenetic trees especially for higher categories. Ribosomal 
<collectionCode id="ED06AE4FFFB6FFFFFCCEFCFBFC49FC54" box="[866,908,872,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">ITS</collectionCode>
2 is a non-coding region located between 
<geoCoordinate id="EE23504DFFB6FFFFFAC6FCF4FA59FC54" box="[1386,1436,871,896]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" precision="5555" value="-5.8">5.8S</geoCoordinate>
and 28S ribosomal 
<collectionCode id="ED06AE4FFFB6FFFFFEDFFC1FFE75FC70" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" box="[371,432,908,932]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">DNA</collectionCode>
regions. Because this region is thought to change rapidly, it has been used commonly in population genetics, separation of cryptic species, and similar species. For 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB6FFFFFC52FC23FBA3FC1C" box="[1022,1126,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Oligosita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB6FFFFFC52FC23FBA3FC1C" box="[1022,1126,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Oligosita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, PCR product sizes of the region 
<collectionCode id="ED06AE4FFFB6FFFFFF49FC47FECAFC38" box="[229,271,980,1004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">ITS</collectionCode>
2 varied from 460 to 510 bp (
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B7BFFB6FFFFFDF4FC47FC5CFC38" author="Avila-Rodriguez" box="[600,921,980,1005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" refString="Avila-Rodriguez, V., Alvarado-Gomez, G. O., Gonzalez-Hernandez, A. &amp; Nava-Camberos, U. (2013) Differentiation and phylogeny of Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera: Chacidoidea) from Mexico based on ITS 2 and 18 S molecular markers of rDNAr and COII of the mDNA. Southwestern Entomologist, 38 (2), 299 - 312. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3958 / 059.038.0213." type="journal article" year="2013">
Ávila-Rodríguez 
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB6FFFFFCB1FC46FC8BFC38" box="[797,846,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8368AFFB6FFFFFF6BFC64FAC4FBE0" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">
The 28S-D2 sequences (published in gene bank, accession number: BankIt1831844 Seq1 
<accessionNumber id="9444AB69FFB6FFFFFAB6FC6BFA50FBC4" box="[1306,1429,1016,1040]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KT124387" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">KT124387</accessionNumber>
) correspond completely with the 28S-D2 sequences published by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B7BFFB6FFFFFCC1FB8FFBA6FBE1" box="[877,1123,1052,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" refString="Gillespie, J. J., Munro, J. B., Heraty, J. M., Yoder, M. J., Owen, A. K. &amp; Carmichael, A. E. (2005) A Secondary Structural Model of the 28 S rRNA Expansion Segments D 2 and D 3 for Chalcidoid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Molecular Biology and Evolution, 22 (7), 1593 - 1608. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / molbev / msi 152" type="journal article">
Gillespie 
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB6FFFFFC75FB8EFBCCFBE0" box="[985,1033,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">et al</emphasis>
. (2005)
</bibRefCitation>
for 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB6FFFFFB3DFB8FFB3CFBE0" box="[1169,1273,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Oligosita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB6FFFFFB3DFB8FFB3CFBE0" box="[1169,1273,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Oligosita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8368AFFB6FFFFFF3BF839FD6DF80A" blockId="5.[151,1436,1962,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB6FFFFFF3BF839FEC9F86B" bold="true" box="[151,268,1962,1984]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">
<collectionCode id="ED06AE4FFFB6FFFFFF3BF839FF37F814" box="[151,242,1962,1984]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">GRAPH</collectionCode>
1.
</emphasis>
Number of adults of 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB6FFFFFE49F839FDAAF814" box="[485,623,1962,1984]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Oligosita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balcluthae">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB6FFFFFE49F839FDAAF814" box="[485,623,1962,1984]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">O. balcluthae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(N) emerged from a sample of 
<specimenCount id="9D11FD03FFB6FFFFFC1CF839FC26F814" box="[944,995,1962,1984]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" type="generic">
10 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB6FFFFFC7CF838FC26F814" box="[976,995,1963,1984]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Pennisetum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setaceum">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB6FFFFFC7CF838FC26F814" box="[976,995,1963,1984]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">P.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</specimenCount>
setaceum ears collected in two locations of Catania (Piazza Michelangelo and Via Giovannino).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8368AFFB5FFFCFF61FF0BFE9AFEB1" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="589">
<collectionCode id="ED06AE4FFFB5FFFCFF61FF0BFF32FF64" box="[205,247,152,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="589">ITS</collectionCode>
2 sequences did not show polymorphic sites, but all specimens had a common origin, collected in the same place and from the same leafhopper eggs. In fact, from the multiple sequence alignment only one sequence was obtained which contained 498 pb (sequence published in gene bank, accession number: BankIt1831844 Seq2 
<accessionNumber id="9444AB69FFB5FFFCFF3BFE97FED1FEC8" box="[151,276,260,284]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KT124388" pageId="6" pageNumber="589">KT124388</accessionNumber>
), and different from the observed data for 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB5FFFCFCA8FE97FCA9FEC8" box="[772,876,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Oligosita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB5FFFCFCA8FE97FCA9FEC8" box="[772,876,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="589">Oligosita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp1 and 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB5FFFCFC75FE97FB84FEC8" box="[985,1089,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Oligosita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB5FFFCFC75FE97FB84FEC8" box="[985,1089,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="589">Oligosita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp 
<quantity id="4CEF9B6FFFB5FFFCFBC8FE97FB54FEC9" box="[1124,1169,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="6" pageNumber="589" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B7BFFB5FFFCFB37FE97FF21FE94" pageId="6" pageNumber="589" refString="Avila-Rodriguez, V., Alvarado-Gomez, G. O., Gonzalez-Hernandez, A. &amp; Nava-Camberos, U. (2013) Differentiation and phylogeny of Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera: Chacidoidea) from Mexico based on ITS 2 and 18 S molecular markers of rDNAr and COII of the mDNA. Southwestern Entomologist, 38 (2), 299 - 312. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3958 / 059.038.0213." type="journal article">
Ávila-Rodríguez 
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB5FFFCFACDFE96FA50FEC8" box="[1377,1429,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="589">et al</emphasis>
. (2013)
</bibRefCitation>
. It was not possible to compare the 
<collectionCode id="ED06AE4FFFB5FFFCFDD6FEBBFD61FE94" box="[634,676,296,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="589">ITS</collectionCode>
2 sequences to other sequences obtained from 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB5FFFCFB1CFEBBFADDFE94" box="[1200,1304,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Oligosita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB5FFFCFB1CFEBBFADDFE94" box="[1200,1304,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="589">Oligosita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to lack of published data.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30D6501FFB5FFFCFF6BFEFCFD89FD18" pageId="6" pageNumber="589" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BA8368AFFB5FFFCFF6BFEFCFD89FD18" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="589">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB5FFFCFF6BFEFCFEE2FE5C" bold="true" box="[199,295,367,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="589">Biology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB5FFFCFE82FEE3FDD1FE5C" box="[302,532,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Oligosita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balcluthae">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB5FFFCFE82FEE3FDD1FE5C" box="[302,532,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="589">Oligosita balcluthae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
oviposits in the eggs of the host, which measure 
<quantity id="4CEF9B6FFFB5FFFCFBEDFEE3FB0CFE53" box="[1089,1225,368,392]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="589" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.7">0.7–0.8 mm</quantity>
in length and 
<quantity id="4CEF9B6FFFB5FFFCFAC7FEE3FF12FE79" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="7.62" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="6" pageNumber="589" unit="in" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2– 0.3 in</quantity>
width, located on the internal side of the glumes in groups of 2 or 3 elements. A single parasitoid develops in each host egg (
<figureCitation id="132C2A0FFFB5FFFCFE91FE24FE44FE04" box="[317,385,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. a – c" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1924,1946]" captionTargetBox="[177,1426,193,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[177,1462,193,1883]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. a – c, Oligosita balcluthae: a, male antenna; b, male genitalia, lateral view; c, male genitalia, ventral view. d, Oligosita biscrensis, metasoma and ovipositor. e, egg of Balclutha brevis containing an adult of O. balcluthae ready to emerge. f, eggs of B. brevis, two of them, from the right, parasitized by O. balcluthae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/239104/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="589">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
e). The parasitization starts to be evident during the last larval stage when the host egg chorion becomes grey or brown (
<figureCitation id="132C2A0FFFB5FFFCFE1CFE4FFE31FE21" box="[432,500,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. a – c" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1924,1946]" captionTargetBox="[177,1426,193,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[177,1462,193,1883]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. a – c, Oligosita balcluthae: a, male antenna; b, male genitalia, lateral view; c, male genitalia, ventral view. d, Oligosita biscrensis, metasoma and ovipositor. e, egg of Balclutha brevis containing an adult of O. balcluthae ready to emerge. f, eggs of B. brevis, two of them, from the right, parasitized by O. balcluthae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/239104/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="589">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
f). The pupal stage, with black eyes, is clearly visible. The healthy leafhopper eggs during embryonic development show red eye spots. Ears of 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB5FFFCFCE7FD92FC14FDCC" box="[843,977,513,536]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Pennisetum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="589" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setaceum">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB5FFFCFCE7FD92FC14FDCC" box="[843,977,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="589">P. setaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sampled from 
<date id="FFA9104AFFB5FFFCFB2DFD93FAD1FDCC" box="[1153,1300,511,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="589" value="2012-06-06">June 6, 2012</date>
to 
<date id="FFA9104AFFB5FFFCFA90FD93FF17FDE8" pageId="6" pageNumber="589" value="2013-05-28">May 28, 2013</date>
, showed that 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB5FFFCFEC0FDB7FDC0FDE8" box="[364,517,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Oligosita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balcluthae">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB5FFFCFEC0FDB7FDC0FDE8" box="[364,517,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="589">O. balcluthae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
adults emerged almost all year around, except during winter, when the parasitoid develops slowly its young stages. In 2015 a sample of 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB5FFFCFCB0FDDAFC61FDB4" box="[796,932,585,608]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Pennisetum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="589" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setaceum">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB5FFFCFCB0FDDAFC61FDB4" box="[796,932,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="589">P. setaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ears collected in the second half of March showed adult 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB5FFFCFE90FDFFFE1FFD50" box="[316,474,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Oligosita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balcluthae">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB5FFFCFE90FDFFFE1FFD50" box="[316,474,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="589">O. balcluthae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
emerged at the beginning of April. The first annual emergence of the parasitoid matches the presence of fresh eggs of the leafhopper host. The abundance of 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB5FFFCFBA6FD03FB66FD7C" box="[1034,1187,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Oligosita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balcluthae">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB5FFFCFBA6FD03FB66FD7C" box="[1034,1187,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="589">O. balcluthae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
emerging from the 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D09FFB5FFFCFA2BFD02FF3AFD18" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Pennisetum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="589" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setaceum">
<emphasis id="B963EA98FFB5FFFCFA2BFD02FF3AFD18" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="589">P. setaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ears is shown in the Graph 1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>