treatments-xml/data/64/4F/E1/644FE16D5B13F6259071E7257DFB0375.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734" ID-GBIF-Dataset="48671e75-dd24-4e6d-8514-b0546ffd3fe3" ID-PMC="PMC4816990" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-60-49" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFC26762742EFFBDFFAD0867FFB3FFBB" ID-PubMed="27081344" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576336" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-2003-60-49" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 60" ModsDocTitle="Vernonieae (Asteraceae) of southern Africa: A generic disposition of the species and a study of their pollen" checkinTime="1455253102424" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Robinson, Harold, Skvarla, John J. &amp; Funk, Vicki A." docDate="2016" docId="644FE16D5B13F6259071E7257DFB0375" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 60: 49-126" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 60" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734" docTitle="Polydora Fenzl 1844" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFC26762742EFFBDFFAD0867FFB3FFBB" lastPageNumber="90" masterDocId="FFC26762742EFFBDFFAD0867FFB3FFBB" masterDocTitle="Vernonieae (Asteraceae) of southern Africa: A generic disposition of the species and a study of their pollen" masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="89" updateTime="1668141640099" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Vernonieae (Asteraceae) of southern Africa: A generic disposition of the species and a study of their pollen</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Robinson, Harold</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Skvarla, John J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Funk, Vicki A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>60</mods:number>
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<mods:start>49</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127870778" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:644FE16D5B13F6259071E7257DFB0375" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/644FE16D5B13F6259071E7257DFB0375" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="40" pageNumber="89">
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName LSID="644FE16D-5B13-F625-9071-E7257DFB0375" authority="Fenzl, 1844" authorityName="Fenzl" authorityYear="1844" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Polydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polydora" order="Asterales" pageId="40" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Polydora Fenzl, 1844</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Photographs of Parapolydora and Polydora: A-C Parapolydora fastigiata (Oliv. &amp; Hiern in Oliv.) H. Rob. D-F Polydora poskeana (Vatke &amp; Hildebrandt) H. Rob. See Appendix C for citation details." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77492" pageId="40" pageNumber="89">
Figures 20 
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–F">C-F</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Scanning electron micrographs of Polydora angustifolia (Steetz) H, Rob. A Intact grain with visible pore B Intact grain with 2 visible pores in adjacent lacunae C Grain with muri partially removed showing distorted inner surface and five pores, one pore on opposite surface visible through torn area. A from Brass 16090 B, C from Christensen &amp; Patel 1457. Views from Robinson &amp; Skvarla, PhytoKeys 2014." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77494" pageId="40" pageNumber="89">
; Fig. 22 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="90" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="90">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fenzl" authorityYear="1844" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Polydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polydora" order="Asterales" pageId="41" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<pageBreakToken pageId="41" pageNumber="90" start="start">Polydora</pageBreakToken>
</taxonomicName>
Fenzl, Flora 27: 312. 1844. - Type: 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fenzl" authorityYear="1844" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Polydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polydora stoechadifolia" order="Asterales" pageId="41" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stoechadifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="90">Polydora stoechadifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Fenzl = 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Webbia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Webbia serratuloides" order="Asterales" pageId="41" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serratuloides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="90">Webbia serratuloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
DC.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="90">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Crystallopollen" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Crystallopollen" order="Asterales" pageId="41" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Crystallopollen</taxonomicName>
Steetz in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 363. 1864. - Type: 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Crystallopollen" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Crystallopollen angustifolium" order="Asterales" pageId="41" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="90">Crystallopollen angustifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Steetz
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="90" type="resources">
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="90">Resources.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="90">
Some species of the genus are treated by 
<bibRefCitation author="Pope, GV" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="51" pageNumber="100" pagination="393 - 397" publicationUrl="10.2307/4102946" refId="B36" refString="Pope, GV, 1986. Vernonia chloropappa (Compositae) and related species in tropical Africa. Kew Bulletin 41: 393 - 397, DOI: 10.2307/4102946" title="Vernonia chloropappa (Compositae) and related species in tropical Africa." url="10.2307/4102946" volume="41" year="1986">Pope (1986)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="90" type="descriptions">
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="90">Descriptions.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="90">
Mostly annuals; stems with L-shaped hairs bearing elongate one-armed cap-cells. Leaves alternate. Inflorescence a thyrsoid panicle with corymbiform cymose branches bearing pedunculate heads or a single terminal head. Involucral bracts ca. 80 in ca, seven series, often with widely scarious margins and awns often black at tips; receptacles epaleaceous. Florets ca. 30 in a head; corollas whitish to purplish, basal tube long, narrowly funnelform distally, throat as long as the narrow glabrous lobes; anther bases plain, not tailed; apical appendage glabrous, with thin cell walls, sometimes weakly ornamented; style base with distinct annular node; branches with acicular sweeping hairs. Achenes 5 or 8-10-ribbed, setuliferous with setulae scarcely divided at tips, idioblasts present but not grouped, raphids elongate; pappus with copious barbellate setae, greenish, yellowish or tawny, rarely white, outer pappus short, squamiform. Chromosome number n = 9, 10 (
<bibRefCitation author="Jones, SB" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club" pageId="50" pageNumber="99" pagination="79 - 84" publicationUrl="10.2307/2484281" refId="B21" refString="Jones, SB, 1979. Chromosomes of the Vernonieae (Compositae). Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 106: 79 - 84, DOI: 10.2307/2484281" title="Chromosomes of the Vernonieae (Compositae)." url="10.2307/2484281" volume="106" year="1979">Jones 1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Jones, SB" editor="Loeve, A" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="50" pageNumber="99" pagination="119 - 128" publicationUrl="http://www.jstor.org/stable/1219710?seq=1page_scan_tab_contents" refId="B22" refString="Jones, SB, 1982. . In: Loeve, A, Ed., IOPB Chromosome number reports LXXIV. Taxon 31: 119 - 128, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1219710?seq=1page_scan_tab_contents" url="http://www.jstor.org/stable/1219710?seq=1page_scan_tab_contents" volume="31" volumeTitle="IOPB Chromosome number reports LXXIV." year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Ayodele, MS" journalOrPublisher="Feddes Repertorium" pageId="49" pageNumber="98" pagination="7 - 8" publicationUrl="10.1002/fedr.19991100715" refId="B3" refString="Ayodele, MS, 1999. Karyomorphological studies in some Nigerian species of Vernonia Schreb. (Asteraceae) with different growth forms. Feddes Repertorium 110: 7 - 8, DOI: 10.1002/fedr.19991100715" title="Karyomorphological studies in some Nigerian species of Vernonia Schreb. (Asteraceae) with different growth forms." url="10.1002/fedr.19991100715" volume="110" year="1999">Ayodele 1999</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="90">
Pollen lophate with ca. 32 lacunae, with five or more pores that seem to be rather asymmetrically distributed on the grains; the pores occur in lacunae that, in a few cases, are adjacent; margins of muri minutely echinate to psilate, without micropunctations, baculae closely spaced in single evenly spaced row under each murus, baculae in turn subtended by 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“rhizomate”">&quot;rhizomate&quot;</normalizedToken>
structure that is weakly attached to the footlayer, the muri thus easily stripping away from the footlayer (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Scanning electron micrographs of Polydora angustifolia (Steetz) H, Rob. A Intact grain with visible pore B Intact grain with 2 visible pores in adjacent lacunae C Grain with muri partially removed showing distorted inner surface and five pores, one pore on opposite surface visible through torn area. A from Brass 16090 B, C from Christensen &amp; Patel 1457. Views from Robinson &amp; Skvarla, PhytoKeys 2014." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77494" pageId="41" pageNumber="90">22 C</figureCitation>
). The pollen of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fenzl" authorityYear="1844" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Polydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polydora" order="Asterales" pageId="41" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="90">Polydora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
proves to have a lophate condition with well-defined lophae or muro bearing 4-5 spinules on each segment. The lophae are subtended by columellae in a single series not leaving an ogee-shaped gap in the middle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="90">
Notable secondary metabolites: sesquiterpene lactone glaucolides/hirsutanolies (
<bibRefCitation author="Bohlmann, F" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="50" pageNumber="99" pagination="3 - 43" publicationUrl="10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" refId="B5" refString="Bohlmann, F, Jakupovic, J, 1990. Progress in the chemistry of the Vernonieae (Compositae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 4: 3 - 43, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" title="Progress in the chemistry of the Vernonieae (Compositae)." url="10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" volume="4" year="1990">Bohlmann and Jakupovic 1990</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia poskeana" order="Asterales" pageId="41" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poskeana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="90">Vernonia poskeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Vatke &amp; Hildebr.), elemanolides, eudesmanolides, secoglaucolides (
<bibRefCitation author="Herz, W" editor="Hind, DJN" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" pageId="50" pageNumber="99" pagination="229 - 251" refId="B14" refString="Herz, W, 1996. A review of the terpenoid chemistry of the Vernonieae. In: Hind, DJN, Beentje, HJ, Eds., Compositae: Systematics. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 229 - 251" title="A review of the terpenoid chemistry of the Vernonieae." volumeTitle="Compositae: Systematics." year="1996">Herz 1996</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia poskeana" order="Asterales" pageId="41" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poskeana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="90">Vernonia poskeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Vatke &amp; Hildebr.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="974361" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77494" pageId="41" pageNumber="90" start="Figure 22" startId="F22">
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="90">Figure 22.</emphasis>
Scanning electron micrographs of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Polydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polydora angustifolia" order="Asterales" pageId="41" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="90">Polydora angustifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Steetz) H, Rob. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="90">A</emphasis>
Intact grain with visible pore 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="90">B</emphasis>
Intact grain with 2 visible pores in adjacent lacunae 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="90">C</emphasis>
Grain with muri partially removed showing distorted inner surface and five pores, one pore on opposite surface visible through torn area. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="90">A</emphasis>
from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="90">Brass 16090</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="90">B, C</emphasis>
from 
<taxonomicName genus="Christensen" lsidName="Christensen" pageId="41" pageNumber="90" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="90">Christensen</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="90">Patel 1457</emphasis>
. Views from Robinson &amp; Skvarla, PhytoKeys 2014.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="90">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Polydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polydora angustifolia" order="Asterales" pageId="41" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="90">Polydora angustifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the species with which Steetz first introduced the use of pollen structure in the taxonomy of the 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fenzl" authorityYear="1844" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="41" pageNumber="90" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
(Steetz in Peters 1864). The generic name 
<taxonomicName genus="Crystalopollen" lsidName="Crystalopollen" pageId="41" pageNumber="90" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="90">Crystalopollen</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was based on the lophate pattern of the pollen observed by Steetz.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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