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165 lines
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<document id="427E1EA97329B4E8D176E1B7B0CE0BEB" ID-CLB-Dataset="9258" ID-DOI="10.5252/zoosystema2018v40a21" ID-GBIF-Dataset="08ed9278-c9ee-4cdb-9a68-5d33f1d81824" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4336549" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:42A916FA-4BB3-4065-B33A-4E5D86CAA1B4" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1608156285021" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Pollet, Marc, Leponce, Maurice, Pascal, Olivier, Touroult, Julien & Calster, Hans Van" docDate="2018" docId="851A87DA3D65311BAC2CFB0AFB59FAFA" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystema.40.21.471-491.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 40 (21)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:AFAF64E709DD7C8340B70A24A5804402.4:Zoosystema.2018-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="AFAF64E709DD7C8340B70A24A5804402" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2018-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Thrypticus Gerstacker 1864" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="488" masterDocId="7923FFA23D763108AD26FFBEFFDAFFB4" masterDocTitle="Dipterological survey in Mitaraka Massif (French Guiana) reveals megadiverse dolichopodid fauna with an unprecedented species richness in Paraclius Loew, 1864 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)" masterLastPageNumber="491" masterPageNumber="471" pageNumber="488" updateTime="1698847661618" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="7911DD5D132B2CCAAD2080032BEE79D3">Dipterological survey in Mitaraka Massif (French Guiana) reveals megadiverse dolichopodid fauna with an unprecedented species richness in Paraclius Loew, 1864 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="366578CE8BE3AA0D3F26E9F4903D6826">Pollet, Marc</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7B4A25E69564176BF493E5A0ED0DEA7F">Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Herman Teirlinckgebouw, Havenlaan 88 bus 73, B- 1000 Brussels (Belgium) and Research Group Terrestrial Ecology (TEREC), Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B- 9000 Ghent (Belgium) and Entomology Unit, Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences (RBINS), Vautierstraat 29, B- 1000 Brussels (Belgium) marc. pollet @ inbo. be</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8C547D3A2E71D02A77BD7CD85178BEA2" type="email">pollet@inbo.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="766C534351B339783D7189B0554A9377">Leponce, Maurice</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="89F929E7BE71DF52ABE78899D5E27748">Monitoring & Assessment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Rue Vautier 29, B- 1000 Brussels (Belgium) and Behavioural & Evolutionary Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Av. F. D. Roosevelt 50, B- 1050 Brussels (Belgium)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7C1829DE3AEAA126D0F1449CD0D9F252">Pascal, Olivier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9A1C0BC738C30712E6B16CD8CD04A3F1">Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Direction des Collections, Pôle Expédition, case postale 30, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France)</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F46C0D65A48C7C9B0BCDBDA3C7ED1431">Touroult, Julien</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B1EDF87391F560BAF62C01EDDDFAD93F">UMS 2006 Patrimoine naturel (« PatriNat »), AFB, CNRS, MNHN, case postale 41, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8289FB4A3513B124DB16A660CF113A75">Calster, Hans Van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="90AA42B9F0387B03B442B7908E2B0E69">Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Herman Teirlinckgebouw, Havenlaan 88 bus 73, B- 1000 Brussels (Belgium)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="8E85B7003BD6652ED6C9A9110E7F65A7">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="38D40997874EF37E623FAD226F61333D">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F294886D96E9DCFB56FC905A267F3163">2018-10-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CE929115F42BA6B4FC65EAE15A661D3B">21</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="AAD58B19C32DFA40371F537949AEDA34" type="DOI">10.5252/zoosystema2018v40a21</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="851A87DA3D65311BAC2CFB0AFB59FAFA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4382986" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176230813" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4382986" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:851A87DA3D65311BAC2CFB0AFB59FAFA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/851A87DA3D65311BAC2CFB0AFB59FAFA" lastPageNumber="488" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">
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<subSubSection id="45A965473D65311BAC2CFB0AFD5BFB7A" box="[266,641,1204,1230]" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="0D0C36CC3D65311BAC2CFB0AFD5BFB7A" blockId="19.[266,641,1204,1262]" box="[266,641,1204,1230]" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">
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<heading id="564481A03D65311BAC2CFB0AFD5BFB7A" box="[266,641,1204,1230]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" reason="2">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="CAB34D4F3D65311BAC71FB0AFD5BFB7A" ID-CoL="63WCK" ID-ENA="1000639" authority="Gerstacker, 1864" authorityName="Gerstacker" authorityYear="1864" box="[343,641,1204,1230]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thrypticus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="3FC7EADE3D65311BAC71FB0AFE18FB7A" box="[343,450,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">Thrypticus</emphasis>
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Gerstäcker, 1864
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="45A965473D65311BACABFB6AFB59FAFA" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" type="description">
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<paragraph id="0D0C36CC3D65311BACABFB6AFE24FB5A" blockId="19.[266,641,1204,1262]" box="[397,510,1235,1262]" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">
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(
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<figureCitation id="95882A493D65311BACB3FB6AFE2FFB5A" box="[405,501,1235,1262]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[133,144,1963,1981]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-102@18.[696,1273,778,1353]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 15. — Photos of selected Mitaraka Dolichopodidae: A, Medetera sp. GF-005, ♂; B, Tachytrechus sp. GF-005, ♂; C, Thrypticus sp. GF-004, ♂; D, species sp. GF-001 of Achalcinae new genus,♂; E, species sp. GF-001 of incertae sedis, ♂; F, species sp. GF-002 of Peloropeodinae new genus,♂. Photos: Florence Trus, except for E, Camille Locatelli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336593/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">Fig. 15C</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0D0C36CC3D65311BADA2FAB3FE25FA91" blockId="19.[132,511,1293,1317]" box="[132,511,1293,1317]" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">
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DIVERSITY. — 9 species (
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<quantity id="CA4B9B293D65311BAC5FFAB3FE2EFA91" box="[377,500,1293,1317]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" unit="mm" value="1.6" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.1">1.1-2.1 mm</quantity>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0D0C36CC3D65311BADA2FAEAFDBFFAD8" blockId="19.[130,777,1364,1613]" box="[132,613,1364,1390]" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">MORPHOLOGY, ECOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0D0C36CC3D65311BADA2FACDFDA8F9F9" blockId="19.[130,777,1364,1613]" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">
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As mentioned before, larval stages of this genus of minute to rather small species live as leafminers in plants, while adult flies are most often found in dense herb vegetation. Nearly all specimens were retrieved from samples collected by SLAMs and the
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<quantity id="CA4B9B293D65311BADC2FA4DFECBF9B9" box="[228,273,1523,1549]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
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large Malaise traps.
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<taxonomicName id="CAB34D4F3D65311BACD8FA4DFDB6F9B9" authorityName="Gerstacker" authorityYear="1864" box="[510,620,1523,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thrypticus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="3FC7EADE3D65311BACD8FA4DFDB6F9B9" box="[510,620,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">Thrypticus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was recorded from only seven sites and the fair numbers at two of them are entirely due to the use of the Malaise trap.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0D0C36CC3D65311BAC5BF92DFDD7F91F" blockId="19.[381,525,1683,1709]" box="[381,525,1683,1709]" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">NEW GENERA</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0D0C36CC3D65311BADA2F96CFB62FE65" blockId="19.[130,776,1746,2028]" lastBlockId="19.[811,1458,215,1358]" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">
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Four new genera were also discovered at Mitaraka, three of which were previously known to MP from species from several Central and South American countries, and are currently in the process of description. Species
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<emphasis id="3FC7EADE3D65311BACD5F88CFD93F8F8" box="[499,585,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">GF-001</emphasis>
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of the
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<taxonomicName id="CAB34D4F3D65311BAFB4F88FFCDCF8FF" authority="Pollet & Leponce & Pascal & Touroult & Calster, 2018" authorityName="Pollet & Leponce & Pascal & Touroult & Calster" authorityYear="2018" box="[658,774,1841,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" status="gen. nov." subFamily="Achalcinae">Achalcinae</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="24F457A53D65311BADA2F8ECFF2DF8D8" box="[132,247,1874,1900]" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
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<figureCitation id="95882A493D65311BAC21F8EFFEB1F8D8" box="[263,363,1873,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[133,144,1963,1981]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-102@18.[696,1273,778,1353]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 15. — Photos of selected Mitaraka Dolichopodidae: A, Medetera sp. GF-005, ♂; B, Tachytrechus sp. GF-005, ♂; C, Thrypticus sp. GF-004, ♂; D, species sp. GF-001 of Achalcinae new genus,♂; E, species sp. GF-001 of incertae sedis, ♂; F, species sp. GF-002 of Peloropeodinae new genus,♂. Photos: Florence Trus, except for E, Camille Locatelli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336593/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">Fig. 15D</figureCitation>
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) belongs to a megadiverse exclusively Neotropical lineage that is most speciose at higher altitudes (e.g.
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<collectingCountry id="75A4765C3D65311BAD9CF82FFEE8F818" box="[186,306,1937,1964]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="69224B3D3D65311BAC6FF82FFE1CF818" author="POLLET M." box="[329,454,1937,1964]" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" refId="ref15336" refString="POLLET M. 2005. - The Neotropics: the experimental lab of nature, in Segers H. (ed.), Tropical Biodiversity: Science, Data, Conservation. 3 rd GBIF Science Symposium, 18 - 19 April 2005, Brussels, Belgium: 30." type="journal volume" year="2005">Pollet 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). In tropical lowland rainforests, only a few species seem to occur. Contrary to most other
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<taxonomicName id="CAB34D4F3D65311BADA5F86FFEEBF85F" box="[131,305,2001,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dolichopodidae</taxonomicName>
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but characteristic for this genus are the pale body colour, the specific colour pattern on the mesonotal dorsum, and the postpedicel with an anterior and posterior face that feature different colours. This genus was encountered at half of the Mitaraka sampling sites, and – contrary to almost all other
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<taxonomicName id="CAB34D4F3D65311BAED3FEE9FB79FEC5" box="[1013,1187,343,369]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dolichopodidae</taxonomicName>
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– was most abundant on the slopes and hill tops, and in the drier palm swamps; it was entirely lacking from the rocky outcrops. A monograph on this lineage is being prepared by MP.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0D0C36CC3D65311BAE65FE68FAA2FD64" blockId="19.[811,1458,215,1358]" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">
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The new genus in
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<taxonomicName id="CAB34D4F3D65311BA921FE68FB53FE44" authorityName="T.Becker" authorityYear="1917" box="[1031,1161,470,496]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sciapodinae">Sciapodinae</taxonomicName>
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with three species found at Mitaraka has been recognized for over 10 years by MP and Dan Bickel (Australian Museum Sydney,
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<collectingCountry id="75A4765C3D65311BA9C3FDA8FA9CFD85" box="[1253,1350,534,561]" name="Australia" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">Australia</collectingCountry>
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) who will dedicate a separate paper on this genus and the near 20 new species thus far discovered in Central and South America. Compared to most other
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<taxonomicName id="CAB34D4F3D65311BA96CFDC8FB0AFD24" authorityName="T.Becker" authorityYear="1917" box="[1098,1232,630,656]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sciapodinae">Sciapodinae</taxonomicName>
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, this genus includes rather small and extremely slender species (wing size approx.
|
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<quantity id="CA4B9B293D65311BAE0BFD08FCA8FD64" box="[813,882,694,720]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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). Males have an extremely elongated fore tarsus.
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0D0C36CC3D65311BAE65FD68FB1AFC5B" blockId="19.[811,1458,215,1358]" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">
|
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|
|
Two new Mitaraka species were assigned to a new genus and possibly a new subfamily. MP has previously detected other species of the same lineage in
|
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<collectingCountry id="75A4765C3D65311BA9EAFCABFAF1FC9B" box="[1228,1323,789,815]" name="Ecuador" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
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|
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,
|
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<collectingCountry id="75A4765C3D65311BA81EFCABFA71FC9B" box="[1336,1451,789,815]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
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|
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,
|
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|
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<collectingCountry id="75A4765C3D65311BAE09FC8BFC7EFCFB" box="[815,932,821,847]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
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and
|
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|
|
<collectingCountry id="75A4765C3D65311BAEFFFC8BFB93FCFB" box="[985,1097,821,847]" name="Colombia" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
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|
. One of the two Mitaraka species was represented by females only; the male of the other species (
|
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|
|
<figureCitation id="95882A493D65311BAE44FCCBFC1BFC24" box="[866,961,885,912]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[133,144,1963,1981]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-102@18.[696,1273,778,1353]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 15. — Photos of selected Mitaraka Dolichopodidae: A, Medetera sp. GF-005, ♂; B, Tachytrechus sp. GF-005, ♂; C, Thrypticus sp. GF-004, ♂; D, species sp. GF-001 of Achalcinae new genus,♂; E, species sp. GF-001 of incertae sedis, ♂; F, species sp. GF-002 of Peloropeodinae new genus,♂. Photos: Florence Trus, except for E, Camille Locatelli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336593/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">Fig. 15E</figureCitation>
|
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|
|
) features distinct MSSCs in fore and mid leg. Sixteen of the
|
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|
|
<specimenCount id="1BB5FD453D65311BAEE5FC2BFB88FC1B" box="[963,1106,917,943]" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" type="generic">20 specimens</specimenCount>
|
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|
|
were collected with the
|
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|
|
<quantity id="CA4B9B293D65311BA876FC2BFAA0FC1B" box="[1360,1402,917,943]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
|
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|
|
long Malaise trap over the Alama River. This species group will further be treated in a separate paper.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="0D0C36CC3D65311BAE65FC4AFB59FAFA" blockId="19.[811,1458,215,1358]" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">
|
|||
|
|
The fourth new genus (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="95882A493D65311BA912FC4AFB54FBBB" box="[1076,1166,1012,1039]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[133,144,1963,1981]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-102@18.[696,1273,778,1353]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 15. — Photos of selected Mitaraka Dolichopodidae: A, Medetera sp. GF-005, ♂; B, Tachytrechus sp. GF-005, ♂; C, Thrypticus sp. GF-004, ♂; D, species sp. GF-001 of Achalcinae new genus,♂; E, species sp. GF-001 of incertae sedis, ♂; F, species sp. GF-002 of Peloropeodinae new genus,♂. Photos: Florence Trus, except for E, Camille Locatelli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336593/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">Fig. 15F</figureCitation>
|
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|
|
) belongs in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CAB34D4F3D65311BA82AFC4AFA6AFBBA" authorityName="Pollet & Leponce & Pascal & Touroult & Calster" authorityYear="2018" box="[1292,1456,1012,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Peloropeodinae">Peloropeodinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and represents a taxon that has not been collected before, and is, at present, only known from Mitaraka. Five different species were recorded, and over 4/5 of the
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="1BB5FD453D65311BA9C0FBEAFAADFBDA" box="[1254,1399,1108,1134]" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" type="generic">84 specimens</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
were retrieved from FITs and the
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="CA4B9B293D65311BA970FBCAFB5AFB3B" box="[1110,1152,1140,1167]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
Malaise trap. Ten specimens were collected near the river Alama where they were found both on sandy banks and on low vegetation hanging over the stream. Overall, most specimens were collected near the drop zone and on the river bank, although one species was only found on ‘savane roche 2’. A separate paper will be dedicated to the description of this genus.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|