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<document id="CBF47E607B5BAD243020AA8D63882BC3" ID-CLB-Dataset="8638" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4918.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1e6b9c6c-c1ae-43ed-8417-70324a727566" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4471922" ID-ZooBank="3FEF9EA2-B755-4B22-8B6A-FAFC5C0FFCDF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1611651206508" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gill, Anthony C., Pogonoski, John J., Moore, Glenn I. &amp; Johnson, Jeffrey W." docDate="2021" docId="335587B2C4691C4EFF28FAE7FC02FD28" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4918.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4918 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Plectranthias grahami Gill &amp; Pogonoski &amp; Moore &amp; Johnson 2021, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="CF6CFFCAC4571C0EFFBFFA70FFE5FFD9" masterDocTitle="Review of Australian species of Plectranthias Bleeker and Selenanthias Tanaka (Teleostei: Serranidae: Anthiadinae), with descriptions of four new species" masterLastPageNumber="116" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="63" updateTime="1698925343725" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="78BCEB7CA7B99C888DD589DCF1C1E0A5">Review of Australian species of Plectranthias Bleeker and Selenanthias Tanaka (Teleostei: Serranidae: Anthiadinae), with descriptions of four new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DF55BE01438A77B19AB052F4E9E6D508">Gill, Anthony C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="089958B1ADA40F9EAF4873673111F3E9">Pogonoski, John J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="24E8130AB1714F2314541526578DA0D3">Moore, Glenn I.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="335587B2C4691C4EFF28FAE7FC02FD28" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4474387" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177134034" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4474387" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:335587B2C4691C4EFF28FAE7FC02FD28" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/335587B2C4691C4EFF28FAE7FC02FD28" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<paragraph id="BB4336A4C4691C30FF28FAE7FE15FF68" blockId="62.[151,546,151,250]" box="[151,496,151,178]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<heading id="E00B81C8C4691C30FF28FAE7FE15FF68" bold="true" box="[151,496,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" reason="4">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4691C30FF28FAE7FE15FF68" bold="true" box="[151,496,151,178]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4691C30FF28FAE7FE42FF6B" authority="Gill &amp; Pogonoski &amp; Moore &amp; Johnson, 2021" authorityName="Gill &amp; Pogonoski &amp; Moore &amp; Johnson" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,423,151,178]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grahami" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4691C30FF28FAE7FE42FF6B" bold="true" box="[151,423,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Plectranthias grahami</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="BB4336A4C4691C30FF28FACBFE0FFF0C" blockId="62.[151,546,151,250]" box="[151,490,187,213]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<figureCitation id="23C72A21C4691C30FF28FACBFEE7FF0C" box="[151,258,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1712,1736]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,745,1686]" captionTargetId="figure-274@37.[151,1436,741,1689]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 9. Distribution records for Plectranthias alleni (closed circles), P. grahami (open circle) and P. robertsi (triangles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4471941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4471941/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Figures 9</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="23C72A21C4691C30FEB1FACBFEC8FF0C" box="[270,301,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="62.[151,250,1946,1970]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,957,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-311@62.[151,1437,957,1923]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURE 22. Plectranthias grahami n. sp., AMS I.18855-003, 122.5 mm SL, holotype, east of Bulli, New South Wales, Australia: A) Preserved; B) Radiograph. Photo by A.C. Gill; radiograph by A. Hay and S.E. Reader." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4471969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4471969/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">22</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="F67E031FC4691C30FE87FACBFE27FF0C" box="[312,450,187,213]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 2" captionStart-10="TABLE 11" captionStart-11="TABLE 12" captionStart-12="TABLE 13" captionStart-13="TABLE 14" captionStart-14="TABLE 15" captionStart-15="TABLE 16" captionStart-2="TABLE 3" captionStart-3="TABLE 4" captionStart-4="TABLE 5" captionStart-5="TABLE 6" captionStart-6="TABLE 7" captionStart-7="TABLE 8" captionStart-8="TABLE 9" captionStart-9="TABLE 10" captionStartId-0="8.[151,239,520,546]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,239,566,592]" captionStartId-10="20.[151,239,540,566]" captionStartId-11="21.[151,239,542,568]" captionStartId-12="22.[151,239,484,510]" captionStartId-13="24.[151,239,462,488]" captionStartId-14="26.[151,239,559,585]" captionStartId-15="27.[151,239,486,512]" captionStartId-2="10.[151,239,538,564]" captionStartId-3="11.[151,239,558,584]" captionStartId-4="12.[151,239,538,564]" captionStartId-5="13.[151,239,487,513]" captionStartId-6="14.[151,239,151,175]" captionStartId-7="15.[151,239,522,548]" captionStartId-8="17.[151,239,519,545]" captionStartId-9="19.[151,239,872,896]" captionText-0="TABLE 1. Frequency distributions for counts of dorsal, anal and pectoral rays of Australian Plectranthias and Selenanthias species. Frequencies are based on examined specimens. Frequencies for pectoral rays include bilateral counts. “L” indicates additional variation noted in literature on each species. Data for S. analis based on Australian specimens only." captionText-1="TABLE 2. Frequency distributions for counts of caudal rays of Australian Plectranthias and Selenanthias species. Data for S. analis based on Australian specimens only." captionText-10="TABLE 11. Summary of fin characters of Australian Plectranthias and Selenanthias species. Data for S. analis based on Australian specimens only. Caudal ray counts are presented as upper procurrent + upper principal + lower principal + lower procurrent = total rays." captionText-11="TABLE 12. Summary of body squamation characters for Australian species of Plectranthias and Selenanthias. Data for S. analis based on Australian specimens only." captionText-12="TABLE 13. Summary of selected head squamation characters for Australian species of Plectranthias and Selenanthias. Data for S. analis based on Australian specimens only." captionText-13="TABLE 14. Summary of gill-raker counts and selected osteological characters for Australian species of Plectranthias and Selenanthias. Data for S. analis based on Australian specimens only." captionText-14="TABLE 15. Summary of head serration characters for Australian species of Plectranthias and Selenanthias. Data for S. analis based on Australian specimens only." captionText-15="TABLE 16. Distribution and known depth ranges for Australian species of Plectranthias and Selenanthias. Data for Plectranthias species are from Allen &amp; Walsh (2015: tab. 1), supplemented with new observations." captionText-2="TABLE 3. Frequency distributions for counts of upper and lower gill rakers of Australian Plectranthias and Selenanthias species. “L” indicates additional variation noted in literature on each species. Data for S. analis based on Australian specimens only." captionText-3="TABLE 4. Frequency distributions for counts of total gill rakers of Australian Plectranthias and Selenanthias species. “L” indicates additional variation noted in literature on each species. Data for S. analis based on Australian specimens only." captionText-4="TABLE 5. Vertebral counts for Australian Plectranthias and Selenanthias species. “L” indicates additional variation noted in literature on each species. Data for S. analis based on Australian specimens only." captionText-5="TABLE 6. Supraneural and dorsal pterygiophore insertion patterns for Australian Plectranthias and Selenanthias species." captionText-6="TABLE 7. Position of terminal dorsal and anal pterygiophores in interneural and interhaemal spaces for Australian Plectranthias and Selenanthias species." captionText-7="TABLE 8. Frequency distributions for counts 
, 
<tableCitation id="F67E031FC4691C30FE71FACBFE0FFF0C" box="[462,490,187,213]" captionStart="TABLE 18" captionStartId="33.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 18. Morphometric values for Plectranthias sp. 1, P. grahami n. sp. and P. moretonensis n. sp. expressed as percentages of SL. * indicates where a measurement could not be made, owing to damage." pageId="62" pageNumber="63">18</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BB4336A4C4691C30FF28FAAFFDC7FF20" blockId="62.[151,546,151,250]" box="[151,546,223,250]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Common name: Graham’s Perchlet</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation id="0B943CF9C4691C30FF28FB57FA6EFEBF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026471464" collectingDate="1975-08-20" collectionCode="AMS, FRV" collectorName="K. Graham" country="Australia" elevation="471" latitude="-34.3" location="Bulli" longLatPrecision="1200" longitude="151.43333" municipality="Tasman Sea" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New South Wales" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4691C30FF28FB57FEEEFE98" bold="true" box="[151,267,295,321]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<typeStatus id="64478806C4691C30FF28FB57FEE3FE98" box="[151,262,295,321]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
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<collectionCode id="DDEDAE61C4691C30FEA9FB57FEB6FE98" box="[278,339,295,321]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">AMS</collectionCode>
I.18855-003, 
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SL, 
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, 
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, 
<collectingRegion id="7938F846C4691C30FC04FB58FB68FE98" box="[955,1165,295,322]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
, east of 
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, 
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, 
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, 
<quantity id="7C049B41C4691C30FEB1FB3BFE6AFEBF" box="[270,399,331,358]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.71" metricValueMax="4.85" metricValueMin="4.57" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="471.0" valueMax="485.0" valueMin="457.0">
<elevation id="30D1D197C4691C30FEB1FB3BFE6AFEBF" box="[270,399,331,358]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.71" metricValueMax="4.85" metricValueMin="4.57" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="471.0" valueMax="485.0" valueMin="457.0">457–485 m</elevation>
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, demersal prawn trawl, 
<collectorName id="16095372C4691C30FD24FB3CFCFFFEBC" box="[667,794,331,358]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">K. Graham</collectorName>
, 
<collectionCode id="DDEDAE61C4691C30FC9AFB3CFCBCFEBF" box="[805,857,332,358]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">FRV</collectionCode>
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4691C30FCDFFB3BFC57FEBC" box="[864,946,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Kapala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4691C30FCDFFB3BFC57FEBC" box="[864,946,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Kapala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="CF421064C4691C30FC7EFB3BFBB4FEBF" box="[961,1105,331,358]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1975-08-20">
<collectingDate id="DF06E98CC4691C30FC7EFB3BFBB4FEBF" box="[961,1105,331,358]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1975-08-20">20 Aug 1975</collectingDate>
</date>
(field number K 75-05-06).
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="F3E6652FC4691C30FF78FB1FFC43FE74" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="BB4336A4C4691C30FF78FB1FFC43FE74" blockId="62.[151,1437,295,934]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4691C30FF78FB1FFEA7FE50" bold="true" box="[199,322,367,393]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The following combination of characters distinguishes 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4691C30FC06FB00FBD0FE50" authorityName="Gill &amp; Pogonoski &amp; Moore &amp; Johnson" authorityYear="2021" box="[953,1077,367,393]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grahami">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4691C30FC06FB00FBD0FE50" box="[953,1077,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">P. grahami</emphasis>
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from all congeners: dorsal rays X,15; pectoral rays 18; lateral-line scales 41–42; and gill rakers 6+13.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BB4336A4C4691C30FF78FBC7FC0BFD73" blockId="62.[151,1437,295,934]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4691C30FF78FBC7FEBCFE08" bold="true" box="[199,345,439,465]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Description.</emphasis>
Dorsal rays X,15, all segmented rays branched; anal rays III,7, all segmented rays branched; pectoral rays 18/18, upper ray unbranched; pelvic fin I,5, all segmented rays branched; upper procurrent caudal-fin rays 8; lower procurrent caudal-fin rays 7; principal caudal-fin rays 9+8; branched caudal fin rays 8+7; total caudal-fin rays 32; lateral line complete with 41/42 scales; scales above lateral line to origin of dorsal fin 5/5; scales above lateral line to base of fifth dorsal spine 3/3; scales below lateral line to origin of anal fin 15/16; diagonal rows of scales on cheek 9; predorsal scales 42, extending to upper lip; circumpeduncular scales 18; gill rakers 6+13, the upper 4 and lower 2 rudiments; pseudobranchial filaments 19; branchiostegal rays 7.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB4336A4C4691C30FF78F8C3FD74FC7C" blockId="62.[151,1437,295,934]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
Vertebrae 10+17; supraneurals 3; predorsal formula 0/0+0/2/1+1; dorsal pterygiophores in interneural spaces 9–13 1/1/1/1+1/1+1; 0 trisegmental pterygiophores associated with dorsal fin; terminal dorsal pterygiophore in interneural space 18; 2 trisegmental pterygiophores associated with anal fin; terminal anal pterygiophore in interhaemal space 5; ribs present on vertebrae 3 through 10; epineurals present on vertebrae 1 through 12; parhypural and hypurals autogenous; well-developed hypurapophysis on parhypural; epurals 3; single uroneural (posterior uroneural absent); ventral tip of cleithrum with well-developed posteroventral process; proximal tip of first anal-fin pterygiophore near vertebra 10 (
<figureCitation id="23C72A21C4691C30FDBFF9FBFD61FC7C" box="[512,644,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="62.[151,250,1946,1970]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,957,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-311@62.[151,1437,957,1923]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURE 22. Plectranthias grahami n. sp., AMS I.18855-003, 122.5 mm SL, holotype, east of Bulli, New South Wales, Australia: A) Preserved; B) Radiograph. Photo by A.C. Gill; radiograph by A. Hay and S.E. Reader." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4471969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4471969/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Figure 22B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="EF83662CC4691C30FF28FDEAFB87F80E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4471969" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4471969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4471969/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" startId="62.[151,250,1946,1970]" targetBox="[151,1437,957,1923]" targetPageId="62">
<paragraph id="BB4336A4C4691C30FF28FDEAFB87F80E" blockId="62.[151,1436,1946,2007]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4691C30FF28FDEAFEC4F86A" bold="true" box="[151,289,1946,1971]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">FIGURE 22.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4691C30FE98FDEBFDE8F86A" authority="Gill &amp; Pogonoski &amp; Moore &amp; Johnson, 2021" authorityName="Gill &amp; Pogonoski &amp; Moore &amp; Johnson" authorityYear="2021" box="[295,525,1947,1971]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grahami" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4691C30FE98FDEBFDE8F86A" box="[295,525,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Plectranthias grahami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4691C30FDACFDEBFDA8F86A" bold="true" box="[531,589,1947,1971]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="92BB57CDC4691C30FDACFDEBFDA8F86A" box="[531,589,1947,1971]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, AMS I.18855-003, 122.5 mm SL, holotype, east of Bulli, New South Wales, Australia: A) Preserved; B) Radiograph. Photo by A.C. Gill; radiograph by A. Hay and S.E. Reader.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="BB4336A4C4681C31FF78FAE7FD0DFEBC" blockId="63.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Dorsal-fin spines with short fleshy tabs on their distal tips; fourth dorsal spine longest; dorsal fin incised before first segmented-fin ray, the tenth spine 53.9% length of first segmented ray; second anal-fin spine longest and stoutest; anal fin rounded with second segmented ray longest; caudal fin weakly emarginate (lower part of fin damaged); lower 9 pectoral fin rays slightly thickened, with membranes between thickened rays deeply incised; 11th (counting from dorsal-most) pectoral ray longest, reaching vertical through base of third anal-fin spine; pelvic fins short, almost reaching anus, second segmented ray longest.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB4336A4C4681C31FF78FB1FFD04FE50" blockId="63.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,737,367,393]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
Morphometric data are summarised in 
<tableCitation id="F67E031FC4681C31FDC6FB1FFD38FE50" box="[633,733,367,393]" captionStart="TABLE 18" captionStartId="33.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 18. Morphometric values for Plectranthias sp. 1, P. grahami n. sp. and P. moretonensis n. sp. expressed as percentages of SL. * indicates where a measurement could not be made, owing to damage." pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Table 18</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB4336A4C4681C31FF78FBE3FD3FFD28" blockId="63.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Mouth large, slightly oblique, posterior margin of maxilla reaching vertical through middle of pupil; maxilla expanded posteriorly, with long, low, lateral ridge running parallel to dorsal margin; small splint-like supramaxilla present; mouth terminal; upper jaw with 2 fixed, short stout outer canines on either side of symphysis, flanked internally by villiform band with about 8 rows of depressible, smaller, sharp-tipped teeth, with inner rows becoming progressively longer and caniniform near symphysis, band reducing to 2 rows posteriorly, the teeth on outer row largest; lower jaw with 2 stout canines at front of jaw, a band of villiform band of about 6 rows of small depressible teeth at symphysis, teeth becoming progressively longer on inner rows near symphysis, 3 enlarged, curved canines on middle of jaw, band narrows to single row posteriorly; vomer with V-shaped band of 3–4 rows of sharp-tipped conical teeth; palatine with a band of 2–3 rows of small, sharp-tipped conical teeth; ectopterygoid and mesopterygoid edentate; tongue narrow, pointed and edentate.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB4336A4C4681C31FF78F88BFC78FC7C" blockId="63.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Opercle with 3 flat spines, middle spine longest, upper spine concealed by scales; preopercle with 20 serrations on posterior margin and 4 weak serrations or crenulations on ventral margin; interopercle with 0–2 crenulae; subopercle with 0–3 crenulae; posttemporal with 0–2 weak serrations. Anterior nostril positioned at middle of snout, tubular with small flap on posterior rim, flap reaching anterior margin of posterior nostril when depressed; posterior nostril at anterior border of orbit, with slightly raised rim but no flap.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB4336A4C4681C31FF78F9DFFAD3FBA4" blockId="63.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Scales ctenoid with basal cteni; lateral line broadly arched over pectoral fin following body contour to caudalfin base; scales present on lower part of maxilla, all infraorbitals except first, and upper part of snout; no scales on chin, mandibles, branchiostegal membranes, or lower part of snout; no auxiliary scales on head or body; dorsal fin with intermittent row of scales along base of spinous part of fin, and broad sheath of scales on soft part of fin; anal fin with broad scaly sheath basally; caudal fin with scaly basal sheath, with small scales extending on to basal third to half of fin membranes; pectoral fins with basal sheath and small scales extending on to fin membranes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB4336A4C4681C31FF78FEF7FE0FFB78" blockId="63.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,490,1159,1185]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Colour in life: Not known</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB4336A4C4681C31FF78FEDBFEB7FA8C" blockId="63.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
Colour in preservative (
<figureCitation id="23C72A21C4681C31FE72FEDBFDB1FB1C" box="[461,596,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="62.[151,250,1946,1970]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,957,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-311@62.[151,1437,957,1923]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURE 22. Plectranthias grahami n. sp., AMS I.18855-003, 122.5 mm SL, holotype, east of Bulli, New South Wales, Australia: A) Preserved; B) Radiograph. Photo by A.C. Gill; radiograph by A. Hay and S.E. Reader." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4471969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4471969/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Figure 22A</figureCitation>
): Head, body and fins mostly pale tan; broad blackish brown wedge extending from middle of dorsal fin (from bases of tenth spine through fourth segmented ray) down to about 6 rows below lateral line; indistinct small (subequal to pupil) grey-brown spot mid-laterally on posterior end of caudal peduncle, this extending slightly on to base of caudal fin; blackish brown wedge on body extending onto basal half of adjacent part of dorsal fin
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F3E6652FC4681C31FF78FF2EFE99FA44" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="BB4336A4C4681C31FF78FF2EFE99FA44" blockId="63.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4681C31FF78FF2EFE16FAA1" bold="true" box="[199,499,1374,1401]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Habitat and distribution.</emphasis>
Known only from the 
<typeStatus id="64478806C4681C31FD4CFF2FFCBDFAA0" box="[755,856,1375,1401]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, trawled in 
<quantity id="7C049B41C4681C31FC64FF2EFBBFFAA0" box="[987,1114,1374,1401]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.71" metricValueMax="4.85" metricValueMin="4.57" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="471.0" valueMax="485.0" valueMin="457.0">
<elevation id="30D1D197C4681C31FC64FF2EFBBFFAA0" box="[987,1114,1374,1401]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.71" metricValueMax="4.85" metricValueMin="4.57" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="471.0" valueMax="485.0" valueMin="457.0">457–485 m</elevation>
</quantity>
off 
<location id="BE23607FC4681C31FB37FF2FFB26FAA0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:335587B2C4691C4EFF28FAE7FC02FD28:BE23607FC4681C31FB37FF2FFB26FAA0" box="[1160,1219,1375,1401]" country="Australia" name="Bulli" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" stateProvince="New South Wales">Bulli</location>
, 
<collectingRegion id="7938F846C4681C31FB71FF2FFA7DFAA0" box="[1230,1432,1375,1401]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C3EB7634C4681C31FF28FFF3FF1BFA44" box="[151,254,1411,1437]" name="Australia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="23C72A21C4681C31FEB3FFF3FE8BFA44" box="[268,366,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1712,1736]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,745,1686]" captionTargetId="figure-274@37.[151,1436,741,1689]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 9. Distribution records for Plectranthias alleni (closed circles), P. grahami (open circle) and P. robertsi (triangles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4471941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4471941/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Figure 9</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F3E6652FC4681C4EFF78FFD6FC02FD28" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="BB4336A4C4681C31FF78FFD6FB1EF860" blockId="63.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4681C31FF78FFD6FE88FA19" bold="true" box="[199,365,1446,1472]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Comparisons.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4681C31FECAFFD7FD97FA18" authorityName="Gill &amp; Pogonoski &amp; Moore &amp; Johnson" authorityYear="2021" box="[373,626,1447,1473]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grahami">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4681C31FECAFFD7FD97FA18" box="[373,626,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Plectranthias grahami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a relatively high number of lateral-line scales, which is approached or equalled by only a handful of species: 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4681C31FDC7FFBBFD15FA3C" baseAuthorityName="Jordan &amp; Evermann" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[632,752,1483,1509]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Zalanthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kelloggi">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4681C31FDC7FFBBFD15FA3C" box="[632,752,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. kelloggi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Hawaiian Ridge and southern Emperor Seamount Chain with 34–38; 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4681C31FEC9FF9FFCA1F9D0" authority="Fourmanoir &amp; Rivaton, 1980" authorityName="Fourmanoir &amp; Rivaton" authorityYear="1980" box="[374,836,1519,1545]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="randalli">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4681C31FEC9FF9FFE08F9D0" box="[374,493,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. randalli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DF6D4B55C4681C31FE48FF9FFCA1F9D0" author="Fourmanoir, P. &amp; Rivaton, J." box="[503,836,1519,1545]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="27 - 28" refId="ref70801" refString="Fourmanoir, P. &amp; Rivaton, J. (1980) Plectranthias randalli n. sp., un nouveau serranide (anthiine) du sud-ouest Pacifique. Revue francaise d'Aquariologie Herpetologie, 7, 27 - 28." type="journal article" year="1980">Fourmanoir &amp; Rivaton, 1980</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the Chesterfield Islands, Sulawesi and 
<collectingCountry id="C3EB7634C4681C31FAF5FF9FFA79F9D0" box="[1354,1436,1519,1545]" name="Taiwan" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
with 37–39; 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4681C31FE97FC63FDD2F9F4" authority="Randall, 1980" authorityName="Randall" authorityYear="1980" box="[296,567,1555,1581]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taylori">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4681C31FE97FC63FE75F9F4" box="[296,400,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. taylori</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DF6D4B55C4681C31FE26FC63FDD2F9F4" author="Randall, J. E." box="[409,567,1555,1581]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="101 - 187" refId="ref74071" refString="Randall, J. E. (1980) Revision of the fish genus Plectranthias (Serranidae: Anthiinae) with descriptions of 13 new species. Micronesica, 16, 101 - 187." type="journal article" year="1980">Randall, 1980</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the 
<collectingCountry id="C3EB7634C4681C31FD15FC63FCBBF9F4" box="[682,862,1555,1581]" name="Kiribati" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Phoenix Islands</collectingCountry>
with 40–41; 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4681C31FC48FC63FA79F9F4" authority="Heemstra &amp; Anderson, 1983" authorityName="Heemstra &amp; Anderson" authorityYear="1983" box="[1015,1436,1555,1581]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exsul">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4681C31FC48FC63FBAAF9F4" box="[1015,1103,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. exsul</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DF6D4B55C4681C31FBE8FC63FA79F9F4" author="Heemstra, P. C. &amp; Anderson, W. D. Jr." box="[1111,1436,1555,1581]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="632 - 637" refId="ref71564" refString="Heemstra, P. C. &amp; Anderson, W. D. Jr. (1983) A new species of the serranid fish genus Plectranthias (Pisces: Perciformes) from the southeastern Pacific Ocean, with comments on the genus Ellerkeldia. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 96, 632 - 637." type="journal article" year="1983">Heemstra &amp; Anderson, 1983</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the Juan Fernández Islands with 40–46; 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4681C31FD2BFC47FBC3F988" authority="Anderson &amp; Randall, 1991" authorityName="Anderson &amp; Randall" authorityYear="1991" box="[660,1062,1591,1617]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parini">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4681C31FD2BFC47FD16F989" box="[660,755,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. parini</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DF6D4B55C4681C31FD46FC47FBC3F988" author="Anderson, W. D. Jr &amp; Randall, J. E." box="[761,1062,1591,1617]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="335 - 343" refId="ref70265" refString="Anderson, W. D. Jr &amp; Randall, J. E. (1991) A new species of the anthiine genus Plectranthias (Pisces: Serranidae) from the Sala y Gomez Ridge in the eastern South Pacific, with comments on P. exsul. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 104, 335 - 343." type="journal article" year="1991">Anderson &amp; Randall, 1991</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from Easter Island and the Sala y Gómez Ridge with 37–40; and 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4681C31FE4CFC2BFCF1F9AC" authority="Anderson, 2008" authorityName="Anderson" authorityYear="2008" box="[499,788,1627,1653]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nazcae">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4681C31FE4CFC2BFDBEF9AD" box="[499,603,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. nazcae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DF6D4B55C4681C31FDDEFC2BFCF1F9AC" author="Anderson, W. D. Jr" box="[609,788,1627,1653]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="429 - 437" refId="ref69984" refString="Anderson, W. D. Jr (2008) A new species of the perciform fish genus Plectranthias (Serranidae: Anthiinae) from the Nazca Ridge in the eastern South Pacific. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 121, 429 - 437. https: // doi. org / 10.2988 / 08 - 15.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Anderson, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the Nazca Ridge with 36–42. 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4681C31FB1FFC2BFA79F9AC" authorityName="Gill &amp; Pogonoski &amp; Moore &amp; Johnson" authorityYear="2021" box="[1184,1436,1627,1653]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grahami">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4681C31FB1FFC2BFA79F9AC" box="[1184,1436,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Plectranthias grahami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from: 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4681C31FE2FFC0FFDE0F940" baseAuthorityName="Jordan &amp; Evermann" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[400,517,1663,1689]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Zalanthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kelloggi">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4681C31FE2FFC0FFDE0F940" box="[400,517,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. kelloggi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having more pectoral rays (18 versus 14–16) and different head scalation (mandible without scales versus with scales); 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4681C31FDDAFCD3FD3EF964" authorityName="Fourmanoir &amp; Rivaton" authorityYear="1980" box="[613,731,1699,1725]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="randalli">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4681C31FDDAFCD3FD3EF964" box="[613,731,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. randalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having fewer segmented dorsal rays (15 versus 16–17) and more pectoral rays (18 versus 14); 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4681C31FD9BFCB7FD6EF938" authorityName="Randall" authorityYear="1980" box="[548,651,1735,1761]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taylori">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4681C31FD9BFCB7FD6EF938" box="[548,651,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. taylori</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having fewer segmented dorsal rays (15 versus 18), more pectoral rays (18 versus 14) and different ornamentation of the ventral ridge of the preopercle (four weak crenulations versus two broad antrorse spines); 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4681C31FE6AFD7FFDC9F8F0" authorityName="Heemstra &amp; Anderson" authorityYear="1983" box="[469,556,1807,1833]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exsul">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4681C31FE6AFD7FFDC9F8F0" box="[469,556,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. exsul</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having more pectoral rays (18 versus 16–17) and fewer circumpeduncular scales (18 versus 20–22); 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4681C31FE7FFD43FDC4F895" authorityName="Anderson &amp; Randall" authorityYear="1991" box="[448,545,1843,1868]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parini">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4681C31FE7FFD43FDC4F895" box="[448,545,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. parini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having fewer segmented dorsal rays (15 versus 16), more pectoral rays (18 versus 15–16) and fewer gill rakers (6+13 versus 8+18–20); 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4681C31FCF7FD27FC57F8A9" authorityName="Anderson" authorityYear="2008" box="[840,946,1879,1904]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nazcae">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4681C31FCF7FD27FC57F8A9" box="[840,946,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. nazcae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having fewer segmented dorsal rays (15 versus 16), more pectoral rays (18 versus 16–17) and fewer gill rakers (6+13 versus 7–10+19–22). The preserved coloration and vertebral count (10+17 versus 10+16) also distinguish 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4681C31FC1BFDEFFBFBF860" authorityName="Gill &amp; Pogonoski &amp; Moore &amp; Johnson" authorityYear="2021" box="[932,1054,1951,1977]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grahami">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4681C31FC1BFDEFFBFBF860" box="[932,1054,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. grahami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from these species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB4336A4C4681C4EFF78FDB3FDA2FF20" blockId="63.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="64.[151,1437,151,753]" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4681C31FF78FDB3FEDEF804" bold="true" box="[199,315,1987,2013]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Remarks.</emphasis>
The specific epithet is for Ken Graham, who collected the 
<typeStatus id="64478806C4681C31FC73FDB3FBD4F804" box="[972,1073,1987,2013]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, and has contributed extensively to our knowledge of 
<collectingRegion id="7938F846C4171C4EFE3BFAE7FDABFF68" box="[388,590,151,177]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
trawl fishes and invertebrates. He noted (pers. comm.) that this is the only specimen of the species he has ever collected, despite several decades of extensive exploratory trawling in similar depths off the 
<collectingRegion id="7938F846C4171C4EFE87FAAFFE1AFF20" box="[312,511,223,249]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
coast.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB4336A4C4171C4EFF78FB73FC02FD28" blockId="64.[151,1437,151,753]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
As noted under Remarks for 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4171C4EFDB6FB73FD45FEC4" authorityName=", Randall" authorityYear="1980" box="[521,672,259,285]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4171C4EFDB6FB73FD45FEC4" box="[521,672,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Plectranthias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this species resembles 
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4171C4EFC14FB73FAEDFEC4" box="[939,1288,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4171C4EFC14FB73FBBBFEC4" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[939,1118,259,285]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Hypoplectrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hypoplectrodes</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4171C4EFBD6FB73FAEDFEC4" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1899" box="[1129,1288,259,285]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Epinephelides</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4171C4EFA82FB73FA65FEC4" authorityName="Castelnau" authorityYear="1875" box="[1341,1408,259,285]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Othos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4171C4EFA82FB73FA65FEC4" box="[1341,1408,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Othos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having 27 vertebrae, and a justification might be made for placement of the species in one or other of those genera. However, it differs from those three genera in having weak crenulations on the ventral margin of the preopercle (versus 2 large antrorse serrations in 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4171C4EFDBBFB1FFD46FE50" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1899" box="[516,675,367,393]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4171C4EFDBBFB1FFD46FE50" box="[516,675,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Epinephelides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 1 small antrorse serration in 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4171C4EFC52FB1FFBD5FE50" authorityName="Castelnau" authorityYear="1875" box="[1005,1072,367,393]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Othos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4171C4EFC52FB1FFBD5FE50" box="[1005,1072,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Othos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and either 1–3 enlarged antrorse or 4 enlarged retrorse serrations in 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4171C4EFD95FBE3FD3FFE74" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[554,730,403,429]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Hypoplectrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4171C4EFD95FBE3FD3FFE74" box="[554,730,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Hypoplectrodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); scales on the maxilla (versus maxilla without scales in 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4171C4EFAD3FBE3FEEAFE08" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1899" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4171C4EFAD3FBE3FEEAFE08" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Epinephelides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4171C4EFEFCFBC7FE16FE08" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[323,499,439,465]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Hypoplectrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4171C4EFEFCFBC7FE16FE08" box="[323,499,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Hypoplectrodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); the upper part of the snout fully scaled (versus anterior part of snout without scales in 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4171C4EFF0AFBABFEB1FE2C" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1899" box="[181,340,475,501]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4171C4EFF0AFBABFEB1FE2C" box="[181,340,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Epinephelides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4171C4EFE33FBABFDD9FE2C" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[396,572,475,501]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Hypoplectrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4171C4EFE33FBABFDD9FE2C" box="[396,572,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Hypoplectrodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 15 segmented dorsal rays (versus 
<quantity id="7C049B41C4171C4EFC6BFBABFBDDFE2C" box="[980,1080,475,501]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.207" metricValueMax="5.334" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="in" value="20.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="20.0">20–21 in</quantity>
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4171C4EFBFFFBABFB03FE2C" box="[1088,1254,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4171C4EFBFFFBABFB04FE2C" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1899" box="[1088,1249,475,501]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Epinephelides</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<quantity id="7C049B41C4171C4EFB51FBABFAB7FE2C" box="[1262,1362,475,501]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.699" metricValueMax="4.826" metricValueMin="4.572" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="in" value="18.5" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="18.0">18–19 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4171C4EFAE6FBABFA79FE2C" authorityName="Castelnau" authorityYear="1875" box="[1369,1436,475,501]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Othos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4171C4EFAE6FBABFA79FE2C" box="[1369,1436,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Othos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<quantity id="7C049B41C4171C4EFF79FB8FFECCFDC0" box="[198,297,511,537]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.826" metricValueMax="5.588" metricValueMin="4.064" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="in" value="19.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="16.0">16–22 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4171C4EFE8FFB8FFE05FDC0" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[304,480,511,537]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Hypoplectrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4171C4EFE8FFB8FFE05FDC0" box="[304,480,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Hypoplectrodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 7 segmented anal rays (versus 7–8, usually 
<quantity id="7C049B41C4171C4EFC62FB8FFBE2FDC0" box="[989,1031,511,537]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4171C4EFBB1FB8FFB48FDC0" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1899" box="[1038,1197,511,537]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4171C4EFBB1FB8FFB48FDC0" box="[1038,1197,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Epinephelides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<quantity id="7C049B41C4171C4EFB05FB8FFB00FDC0" box="[1210,1253,511,537]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4171C4EFB54FB8FFACBFDC0" authorityName="Castelnau" authorityYear="1875" box="[1259,1326,511,537]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Othos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4171C4EFB54FB8FFACBFDC0" box="[1259,1326,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Othos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 7–9, usually 
<quantity id="7C049B41C4171C4EFF51F853FEFCFDE4" box="[238,281,547,573]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
all 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4171C4EFEFEF853FE14FDE4" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[321,497,547,573]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Hypoplectrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4171C4EFEFEF853FE14FDE4" box="[321,497,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Hypoplectrodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
except 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4171C4EFDF7F853FD32FDE4" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[584,727,547,573]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Hypoplectrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annulatus">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4171C4EFDF7F853FD32FDE4" box="[584,727,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">H. annulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 7–8, usually 7) and 41–42 tubed lateral-line scales (versus around 
<quantity id="7C049B41C4171C4EFF53F837FEC0FDB8" box="[236,293,583,609]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="in" value="70.0">70 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4171C4EFE93F837FE2EFDB8" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1899" box="[300,459,583,609]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4171C4EFE93F837FE2EFDB8" box="[300,459,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Epinephelides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<quantity id="7C049B41C4171C4EFE66F837FDD9FDB8" box="[473,572,583,609]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1336" metricValueMax="2.2098" metricValueMin="2.0574" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="in" value="84.0" valueMax="87.0" valueMin="81.0">81–87 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4171C4EFDFCF837FD63FDB8" authorityName="Castelnau" authorityYear="1875" box="[579,646,583,609]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Othos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4171C4EFDFCF837FD63FDB8" box="[579,646,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Othos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<quantity id="7C049B41C4171C4EFD02F836FCC5FDB8" box="[701,800,582,609]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3081" metricValueMax="1.6509999999999998" metricValueMin="0.9652" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="in" value="51.5" valueMax="65.0" valueMin="38.0">38–65 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4171C4EFC98F837FC32FDB8" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[807,983,583,609]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Hypoplectrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4171C4EFC98F837FC32FDB8" box="[807,983,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Hypoplectrodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with only four of the 11 species having 42 or fewer tubed scales). 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4171C4EFE00F81BFD59FD5C" authorityName="Gill &amp; Pogonoski &amp; Moore &amp; Johnson" authorityYear="2021" box="[447,700,619,645]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grahami">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4171C4EFE00F81BFD59FD5C" box="[447,700,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Plectranthias grahami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
further differs from all three genera in having 1/1/1/1+1/1+1 dorsal pterygiophores in interneural spaces 9–13 (versus usually 1/1/1+1/1+1/1+1, rarely 1/1/1+1/1+1/1 for the other genera). In this latter character, 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4171C4EFDBEF8C3FD98FD14" authorityName="Gill &amp; Pogonoski &amp; Moore &amp; Johnson" authorityYear="2021" box="[513,637,691,717]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grahami">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4171C4EFDBEF8C3FD98FD14" box="[513,637,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">P. grahami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
more closely resembles certain other 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4171C4EFB92F8C3FB21FD14" authorityName=", Randall" authorityYear="1980" box="[1069,1220,691,717]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4171C4EFB92F8C3FB21FD14" box="[1069,1220,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Plectranthias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, such as 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4171C4EFA37F8C3FF32FD28" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alleni">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4171C4EFA37F8C3FF32FD28" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">P. alleni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4171C4EFF5AF8A7FE95FD29" authorityName="Jordan &amp; Richardson" authorityYear="1910" box="[229,368,727,752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azumanus">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4171C4EFF5AF8A7FE95FD29" box="[229,368,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">P. azumanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4171C4EFEC1F8A7FDCEFD28" authorityName="Regan" authorityYear="1914" box="[382,555,727,753]" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculicauda">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4171C4EFEC1F8A7FDCEFD28" box="[382,555,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">P. maculicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4171C4EFD86F8A7FCB1FD28" box="[569,852,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4171C4EFD86F8A7FD36FD28" box="[569,723,727,753]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanesius">P. melanesius</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4171C4EFD60F8A7FCB1FD28" baseAuthorityName="Jordan &amp; Evermann" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[735,852,727,753]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Zalanthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kelloggi">P. kelloggi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4171C4EFC34F8A7FC02FD28" box="[907,999,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4171C4EFC34F8A7FC06FD28" authorityName="Heemstra &amp; Anderson" authorityYear="1983" box="[907,995,727,753]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exsul">P. exsul</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>