498 lines
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498 lines
56 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.560.6264" ID-GBIF-Dataset="48bd4e9c-4763-413e-8389-359c4c55bc8c" ID-PMC="PMC4768370" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-560-1" ID-PubMed="27006611" ID-ZBK="F4C1691C13584FA9A031E305DEE2B6A2" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-560-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 560" ModsDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the tarantula genus Aphonopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae) within the United States" checkinTime="1454620567459" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hamilton, Chris A., Hendrixson, Brent E. & Bond, Jason E." docDate="2016" docId="C3A558DD37A4F192565F7DE38FF02723" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 560: 1-340" docOrigin="ZooKeys 560" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.560.6264" docTitle="Aphonopelma peloncillo Hamilton, Hendrixson & Bond, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="697A075D-4358-4D48-B2F4-507618BD9E29" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="213" masterDocId="FFAAA03F4F6CFFFEFF94FFF0FFBDFFE9" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the tarantula genus Aphonopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae) within the United States" masterLastPageNumber="340" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="207" updateTime="1668162572149" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic revision of the tarantula genus Aphonopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae) within the United States</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hamilton, Chris A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hendrixson, Brent E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bond, Jason E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>560</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>340</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.560.6264</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.560.6264</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-560-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">F4C1691C13584FA9A031E305DEE2B6A2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F4C1691C13584FA9A031E305DEE2B6A2</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127884983" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:697A075D-4358-4D48-B2F4-507618BD9E29" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C3A558DD37A4F192565F7DE38FF02723" lastPageId="214" lastPageNumber="213" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">
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<subSubSection pageId="206" pageNumber="207" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="206" pageNumber="207">Taxon classification Animalia Araneae Theraphosidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="206" pageNumber="207" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="206" pageNumber="207">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/697A075D-4358-4D48-B2F4-507618BD9E29" authority="Hamilton, Hendrixson & Bond" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="206" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">Aphonopelma peloncillo Hamilton, Hendrixson & Bond</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="206" pageNumber="207">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figures 117, 118, 119, 120, 121; Suppl. material 4
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="208" lastPageNumber="209" pageId="207" pageNumber="208" type="types">
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<paragraph pageId="207" pageNumber="208">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="207" pageNumber="208" start="start">Types</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="208" lastPageNumber="209" pageId="207" pageNumber="208">
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Male holotype (APH_0672) from along Hwy-338, Hidalgo Co., New Mexico, 31.607079 -108.867081 1, elev. 4934ft., 14.vii.2009, coll. Brent E. Hendrixson and Nate Davis; deposited in AUMNH. Paratype female (APH_1296) from Coronado National Forest, Peloncillo Mtns, Clanton Draw Area, Hidalgo Co., New
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<pageBreakToken pageId="208" pageNumber="209" start="start">Mexico</pageBreakToken>
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, 31.518665 -108.982597 1, elev. 5435ft., 25.vii.2011, coll. Brent E. Hendrixson, Brendon Barnes, Nate Davis, Jake Storms; deposited in AUMNH. Paratype male (APH_1190) from along Hwy-338, Hidalgo Co., New Mexico, 31.607079 -108.867081 1, elev. 4934ft., 26.vii.2010, coll. Brent E. Hendrixson, Brendon Barnes, Nate Davis; deposited in AMNH. Paratype female (APH_1181) from Coronado National Forest, Peloncillo Mtns, Hidalgo Co., New Mexico, 31.518665 -108.982597 1, elev. 5435ft., 26.vii.2010, coll. Brent E. Hendrixson, Brendon Barnes, Nate Davis, Jake Storms; deposited in AMNH.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="208" pageNumber="209" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="208" pageNumber="209">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="208" pageNumber="209">The specific epithet is a noun in apposition taken from type locality, the Peloncillo Mountains in southwestern New Mexico, where this species was first discovered.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="209" lastPageNumber="210" pageId="208" pageNumber="209" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="208" pageNumber="209">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="209" lastPageNumber="210" pageId="208" pageNumber="209">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="208" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">Aphonopelma peloncillo</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 117) is a member of the
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<taxonomicName genus="Marxi" lsidName="Marxi" pageId="208" pageNumber="209" rank="genus">Marxi</taxonomicName>
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species group and can be distinguished by a combination of morphological, molecular, and geographic characteristics. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA identifies
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="208" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">Aphonopelma peloncillo</taxonomicName>
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as a phylogenetically distinct monophyletic lineage (Figs 7-8), supported as a sister lineage to the clade that includes
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma catalina" order="Araneae" pageId="208" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catalina">Aphonopelma catalina</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chiricahua" order="Araneae" pageId="208" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiricahua">Aphonopelma chiricahua</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma madera" order="Araneae" pageId="208" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madera">Aphonopelma madera</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. The significant measurements that distinguish male
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="208" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">Aphonopelma peloncillo</taxonomicName>
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from its closely related phylogenetic and syntopic species are Cl, PTl, and the extent of scopulation on metatarsus III. Male
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="209" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="209" pageNumber="210" start="start">Aphonopelma</pageBreakToken>
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peloncillo
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished by possessing a larger Cl/PTw (≥4.67; 4.67-5.59) than
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma catalina" order="Araneae" pageId="209" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catalina">Aphonopelma catalina</taxonomicName>
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(≤4.26; 3.96-4.26),
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chiricahua" order="Araneae" pageId="209" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiricahua">Aphonopelma chiricahua</taxonomicName>
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(≤4.05; 3.32-4.05), and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma parvum" order="Araneae" pageId="209" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvum">Aphonopelma parvum</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (≤4.22; 3.79-4.22), but smaller than
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma gabeli" order="Araneae" pageId="209" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabeli">Aphonopelma gabeli</taxonomicName>
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(≥5.93; 5.93-6.56); by possessing a smaller PTl/M3 (≤0.82; 0.71-0.82) than
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma madera" order="Araneae" pageId="209" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madera">Aphonopelma madera</taxonomicName>
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(≥0.94; 0.94-1.05); and a smaller L3 scopulation extent (52%-68%) than
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chalcodes" order="Araneae" pageId="209" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">Aphonopelma chalcodes</taxonomicName>
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(75%-86%) and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma hentzi" order="Araneae" pageId="209" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hentzi">Aphonopelma hentzi</taxonomicName>
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(69%-86%). There are no significant measurements that separate male
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="209" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">Aphonopelma peloncillo</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="209" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
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. Significant measurements that distinguish female
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="209" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">Aphonopelma peloncillo</taxonomicName>
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from its closely related phylogenetic and syntopic species are Cl, A4, and the extent of scopulation on metatarsus IV. Female
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="209" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">Aphonopelma peloncillo</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished by possessing a larger Cl/T1 (≥1.56; 1.56-1.77) than
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma catalina" order="Araneae" pageId="209" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catalina">Aphonopelma catalina</taxonomicName>
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(≤1.51; 1.44-1.51) and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma parvum" order="Araneae" pageId="209" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvum">Aphonopelma parvum</taxonomicName>
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(≤1.55; 1.45-1.55); a larger M3/A4 (≥1.11; 1.11-1.23) than
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chiricahua" order="Araneae" pageId="209" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiricahua">Aphonopelma chiricahua</taxonomicName>
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(0.80
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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(only 1 specimen)) and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma madera" order="Araneae" pageId="209" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madera">Aphonopelma madera</taxonomicName>
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(≤1.07; 0.96-1.07); and by possessing a smaller L4 scopulation extent (32%-39%) than
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chalcodes" order="Araneae" pageId="209" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">Aphonopelma chalcodes</taxonomicName>
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(63%-81%),
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma hentzi" order="Araneae" pageId="209" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hentzi">Aphonopelma hentzi</taxonomicName>
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(42%-72%), and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma gabeli" order="Araneae" pageId="209" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabeli">Aphonopelma gabeli</taxonomicName>
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(39%-53%). There are no significant measurements that separate female
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="209" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">Aphonopelma peloncillo</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="209" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="209" pageNumber="210">
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<paragraph pageId="209" pageNumber="210">
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Figure 117.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="209" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">Aphonopelma peloncillo</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. live photographs. Male (L) - APH_1300; Female (R) - APH_1296.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="210" lastPageNumber="211" pageId="209" pageNumber="210" type="description of male holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="209" pageNumber="210">Description of male holotype</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="209" pageNumber="210">
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(APH_0672; Fig. 118). Specimen preparation and condition: Specimen collected live crossing road, preserved in 80% ethanol; original coloration faded due to preservation. Left legs I, III, IV, and left pedipalp removed for measurements and photographs; stored in vial with specimen. Right leg III removed for DNA and stored at -80°C in the AUMNH (Auburn, AL). General coloration: Generally black/faded black or brown. Cephalothorax: Carapace 12.27 mm long, 11.42 mm wide; densely clothed with black, faded black or brown pubescence, appressed to surface; fringe covered in long setae not closely appressed to surface; foveal groove medium deep and straight; pars cephalica region rises gradually from foveal groove, gently arching anteriorly toward ocular area; ocular quadrangle distinct and round; AER procurved, PER strongly recurved; normal sized chelicerae; clypeus slightly extends forward on a curve; LBl 1.51, LBw 1.84; sternum hirsute, clothed with short black, densely packed setae. Abdomen: Densely clothed in short black pubescence with numerous longer, lighter setae interspersed (generally red or orange in situ); dense dorsal patch of black Type I urticating bristles (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="209" pageNumber="210">Cooke et al. 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Legs: Hirsute; densely clothed with short, similar length black setae, and longer setae interspersed. Metatarsus I slightly curved. F1 13.45; F1w 3.02; P1 4.88; T1 11.17; M1 8.31; A1 5.87; F3 10.01; F3w 3.16; P3 4.43; T3 7.87; M3 9.06; A3 6.04; F4 12.19; F4w 3.04; P4 4.52; T4 10.45; M4 12.53; A4 7.11; femur III is normal - not noticeably swollen or wider than other legs. All tarsi fully scopulate. Extent of metatarsal scopulation: leg III (SC3) = 58.4%; leg IV (SC4) = 34.4%. Two ventral and two prolateral spinose setae on metatarsus III; eleven ventral spinose setae, and one prolateral spinose seta on metatarsus IV. Coxa I: Prolateral surface a mix of fine, hair-like and thin tapered setae. Pedipalps: Hirsute; densely clothed in the same setal color as the other legs, with numerous longer ventral setae; one spinose seta at the apical, prolateral femur and three spinose setae on the prolateral tibia; PTl 7.36, PTw 2.47. When extended, embolus tapers and gently curves to the retrolateral side; embolus slender, no keels.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption pageId="209" pageNumber="210">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="209" pageNumber="210">
|
|||
|
|
Figure 118.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="209" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">Aphonopelma peloncillo</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
sp. n.
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–I">A-I</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
male holotype, APH_0672 A dorsal view of carapace, scale bar = 4mm B prolateral view of coxa I C dorsal view of femur III D ventral view of metatarsus III, scale bar = 3.5mm E ventral view of metatarsus IV, scale bar = 4mm F prolateral view of L pedipalp and palpal tibia, scale bar = 5mm G dorsal view of palpal bulb H retrolateral view of palpal bulb, scale bar = 1mm I prolateral view of tibia I (mating clasper), scale bar = 4mm.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="210" lastPageNumber="211" pageId="209" pageNumber="210">
|
|||
|
|
Variation (9).Cl 10.23-14.90 (12.567
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.44), Cw 9.15-14.10 (11.582
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.46), LBl 1.32-1.95 (1.46
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.06), LBw 1.4-2.07 (1.651
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.07), F1 11.148-14.86 (13.352
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.4),
|
|||
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="210" pageNumber="211" start="start">F</pageBreakToken>
|
|||
|
|
1w 2.423-3.795 (3.059
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.12), P1 4.151-5.594 (4.945
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.18), T1 9.699-12.83 (11.482
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.36), M1 7.331-10.436 (8.77
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.29), A1 5.179-6.889 (6.104
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.18), L1 length 37.508-50.297 (44.654
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
1.31), F3 9.27-12.369 (10.739
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.32), F3w 2.766-4.012 (3.286
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.12), P3 3.629-4.891 (4.129
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.14), T3 6.674-9.573 (8.172
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.3), M3 7.465-10.86 (9.588
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.34), A3 5.712-7.983 (6.445
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.25), L3 length 33.029-45.454 (39.073
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
1.25), F4 10.549-14.471 (12.599
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.38), F4w 2.469-3.765 (2.996
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.12), P4 3.44-4.991 (4.353
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.16), T4 9.249-12.388 (10.832
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.35), M4 10.683-14.17 (12.768
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.4), A4 6.65-8.656 (7.43
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.24), L4 length 40.656-54.24 (47.981
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
1.42), PTl 6.119-8.133 (7.382
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.24), PTw 2.027-2.91 (2.507
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.1), SC3 ratio 0.526-0.685 (0.594
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.02), SC4 ratio 0.274-0.442 (0.338
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.02), Coxa 1 setae = tapered/thin tapered, F3 condition = normal.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="211" lastPageNumber="212" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" type="description of female paratype">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="210" pageNumber="211">Description of female paratype</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="210" pageNumber="211">
|
|||
|
|
(APH_1296; Figs 119-120). Specimen preparation and condition: Specimen collected live from burrow, preserved in 80% ethanol. Left legs I, III, IV, and pedipalp removed for photographs and measurements; stored in vial with specimen. Right leg III removed for DNA and stored at -80°C in the AUMNH (Auburn, AL). Genital plate with spermathecae removed and cleared, stored in vial with specimen. General coloration: Black/faded black and brown. Cephalothorax: Carapace 19.32 mm long, 16.76 mm wide; Hirsute, densely clothed with black/faded black, pubescence closely appressed to surface; fringe densely covered in longer setae; foveal groove medium deep and straight; pars cephalica region gently rises from thoracic furrow, arching anteriorly toward ocular area; AER very slightly procurved, PER slightly recurved; robust chelicerae, clypeus slightly extends forward on a curve; LBl 1.74, LBw 2.02; sternum very hirsute, clothed with longer black/faded black setae. Abdomen: Densely clothed dorsally in short black setae with numerous longer, lighter setae interspersed (generally red or orange in situ); dense dorsal patch of black Type I urticating bristles (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation pageId="210" pageNumber="211">Cooke et al. 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Spermathecae: Paired and separate, basic, slightly tapers and curves medially towards capitate bulbs, with wide bases that do not appear fused. Legs: Very hirsute; densely clothed with longer setae colored similarly as the long abdominal setae; F1 14.51; F1w 4.60; P1 6.72; T1 10.91; M1 8.45; A1 6.34; F3 11.88; F3w 3.98; P3 5.73; T3 8.62; M3 8.94; A3 6.68; F4 14.42; F4w 4.13; P4 6.40; T4 11.27; M4 11.61; A4 7.56. All tarsi fully scopulate. Extent of metatarsal scopulation: leg III (SC3) = 67.7%; leg IV (SC4) = 38.5%. Two ventral and two prolateral spinose setae on metatarsus III; five ventral spinose setae and one prolateral spinose seta on metatarsus IV. Coxa I: Prolateral surface a mix of fine, hair-like and tapered setae. Pedipalps: Densely clothed in the same setal color as the other legs; two spinose setae on the apical, prolateral femur, one spinose seta on the prolateral patella, six prolateral spinose setae and one ventral spinose seta on the tibia (two at the apical border with the tarsus).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption pageId="210" pageNumber="211">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="210" pageNumber="211">
|
|||
|
|
Figure 119.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">Aphonopelma peloncillo</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
sp. n.
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
female paratype, APH_1296 A dorsal view of carapace, scale bar = 5.5mm B prolateral view of coxa I C ventral view of metatarsus III, scale bar = 3.5mm D ventral view of metatarsus IV, scale bar = 4mm E prolateral view of L pedipalp and palpal tibia.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<caption pageId="210" pageNumber="211">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="210" pageNumber="211">
|
|||
|
|
Figure 120.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">Aphonopelma peloncillo</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
sp. n.
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
cleared spermathecae A APH_1296 B APH_0681 C APH_0683 D APH_1181 E APH_1297.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="211" lastPageNumber="212" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">
|
|||
|
|
Variation (5).Cl 15.33-19.32 (16.912
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.69), Cw 13.1-16.76 (14.756
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.65), LBl 1.74-2.33 (1.992
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.1), LBw 2.02-2.65 (2.224
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.11), F1 12.25-14.51 (13.252
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.43), F1w 3.81-4.60 (4.086
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.14), P1 5.3-6.72 (5.9
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.28), T1 9.47-10.97 (10.376
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.27), M1 6.68-8.45 (7.686
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.31), A1 5.95-6.34 (6.2
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.07), L1 length 39.65-46.93 (43.414
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
1.28), F3 9.48-11.88 (10.484
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.43), F3w 3.14-3.98 (3.51
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.14), P3 4.54-5.73 (4.956
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.21), T3 7.01-8.62 (7.748
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.31), M3 7.51-
|
|||
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="211" pageNumber="212" start="start">8.94</pageBreakToken>
|
|||
|
|
(8.262
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.3), A3 5.7-6.68 (6.234
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.17), L3 length 34.5-41.85 (37.684
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
1.26), F4 12.26-14.42 (13.224
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.41), F4w 3.5-4.13 (3.718
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.11), P4 5.09-6.40 (5.444
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.25), T4 9.66-11.27 (10.602
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.26), M4 9.91-12.05 (11.294
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.39), A4 6.63-7.56 (7.118
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.18), L4 length 43.84-51.26 (47.682
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
1.31), SC3 ratio 0.586-0.676 (0.64
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.02), SC4 ratio 0.324-0.386 (0.357
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.01), Coxa I setae = tapered. Spermathecae variation can be seen in Figure 120.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="212" lastPageNumber="213" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" type="materials_examined">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="211" pageNumber="212">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="212" lastPageNumber="213" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">
|
|||
|
|
United States: Arizona: Cochise: 0.03 miles N Hunt Canyon Rd on Leslie Canyon Rd, 31.64689064 -109.4732291 2, 4927ft., [APH_0718, 17/8/2009, 1♂, Alice Abela, AUMNH]; 0.51 miles N Davis Ranch Rd on Leslie Canyon Rd, 31.52685642 -109.5446671 2, 4389ft., [APH_0719, 17/8/2009, 1♂, Alice Abela, AUMNH]; 0.83 miles SW Price Canyon Rd on Hwy-80, 31.62561536 -109.2064459 2, 4656ft., [APH_0724, 18/8/2009, 1♂, Alice Abela, AUMNH]; 19.8 miles NE of Douglas along Highway 80, 31.53231 -109.294192 5, 4562ft., [AUMS_2246, 23/7/1989, 1♂, F.C. Baptista, AUMNH]; along Hwy-80, 31.46999359 -109.3591602 2, 4346ft., [APH_0723, 18/8/2009, 1♂, Alice Abela, AUMNH]; New Mexico: Hidalgo: along CR C001, 31.608773 -108.86636 1, 4966ft., [APH_1227, 7/8/2010, 1♂, Brent E. Hendrixson, Ashley Bailey, Andrea Reed, AUMNH]; along CR C004, 31.527331 -108.905731 1, 5262ft., [APH_1226, 7/8/2010, 1♂, Brent E. Hendrixson, Ashley Bailey, Andrea Reed, AUMNH]; along Geronimo Trail, 31.528707 -108.900331 1, 5032ft., [APH_1516, 8/9/2012, 1♀, Brent E. Hendrixson, AUMNH]; along Hwy-338, 31.607079 -108.867081 1, 4934ft., [APH_0671-0673, 14/7/2009, 2♂, 1 juv, Brent E. Hendrixson, Nate Davis, AUMNH]; [APH_1188-1191, 26/7/2010, 4♂, Brent E. Hendrixson, Bren
|
|||
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="212" pageNumber="213" start="start">don</pageBreakToken>
|
|||
|
|
Barnes, Nate Davis, AUMNH & AMNH]; Clanton Draw area, 31.522379 -108.98037 1, 5406ft., [APH_0666-0669, 14/7/2009, 1♀, 3 juv, Brent E. Hendrixson, Nate Davis, AUMNH]; [APH_0681-0685, 16/7/2009, 3♀, 1♂, 1 juv, Brent E. Hendrixson, Nate Davis, AUMNH]; Coronado National Forest, Peloncillo Mtns, 31.518665 -108.982597 1, 5435ft., [APH_1181-1182, 26/7/2010, 2♀, Brent E. Hendrixson, Brendon Barnes, Nate Davis, AUMNH & AMNH]; Coronado National Forest, Peloncillo Mtns, Clanton Draw Area, 31.518665 -108.982597 1, 5435ft., [APH_1296-1297, 25/7/2011, 2♀, Brent E. Hendrixson, Brendon Barnes, Nate Davis, Jake Storms, AUMNH]; CR-C004, 0.8 miles SW Hwy-338, 31.544499 -108.882007 1, 5112ft., [APH_0670, 14/7/2009, 1♂, Brent E. Hendrixson, Nate Davis, AUMNH]; NM-9 at Little Hatchet Mtns Rd, W of Hachita, 31.926633 -108.363083 5, 4480ft., [APH_0411, 11/10/2008, 1♂, Kari McWest, Keisha Hendricks, AUMNH].
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="212" pageNumber="213" type="distribution and natural history">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="212" pageNumber="213">Distribution and natural history.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="212" pageNumber="213">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="212" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">Aphonopelma peloncillo</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
can be found inhabiting the Madrean Archipelago Level III Ecoregion where it resides in lower to mid elevation habitats in and around the Peloncillo Mountains in southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico (Fig. 121).
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="212" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">Aphonopelma peloncillo</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
can be found in syntopy at the lower elevations of its distribution with
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chalcodes" order="Araneae" pageId="212" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">Aphonopelma chalcodes</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma gabeli" order="Araneae" pageId="212" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabeli">Aphonopelma gabeli</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma hentzi" order="Araneae" pageId="212" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hentzi">Aphonopelma hentzi</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma parvum" order="Araneae" pageId="212" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvum">Aphonopelma parvum</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="212" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. The breeding season, when mature males abandon their burrows in search of females, occurs during the summer (
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="July–August">July-August</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
) coinciding with the summer monsoon season.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption pageId="212" pageNumber="213">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="212" pageNumber="213">
|
|||
|
|
Figure 121.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="212" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">Aphonopelma peloncillo</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
sp. n. A distribution of known specimens B predicted distribution; warmer colors (red, orange, yellow) represent areas of high probability of occurrence, cooler colors (blue shades) represent areas of low probability of occurrence.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="212" pageNumber="213" type="conservation status">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="212" pageNumber="213">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="212" pageNumber="213">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="212" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">Aphonopelma peloncillo</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
has a somewhat narrow distribution in the United States that is restricted to middle and lower elevations in and around the Peloncillo Mountains of Arizona and New Mexico. These tarantulas are fairly common but this region is subject to grazing, illegal immigration, and other modes of habitat degradation. Future climate change throughout the sky island region is also a concern (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Brusca, RC" pageId="259" pageNumber="260" url="10.1002/ece3.720" year="2013">Brusca et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="214" lastPageNumber="215" pageId="212" pageNumber="213" type="remarks">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="212" pageNumber="213">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="212" pageNumber="213">
|
|||
|
|
This species was originally recognized by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Hendrixson, BE" pageId="260" pageNumber="261" url="10.1111/icad.12089" year="2015">Hendrixson et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="212" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">Aphonopelma peloncillo</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
males and females are similar looking to other species in the sky islands, though generally possessing a more hirsute appearance.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="212" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">Aphonopelma peloncillo</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
can be differentiated from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chalcodes" order="Araneae" pageId="212" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">Aphonopelma chalcodes</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma gabeli" order="Araneae" pageId="212" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabeli">Aphonopelma gabeli</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma hentzi" order="Araneae" pageId="212" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hentzi">Aphonopelma hentzi</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="212" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
by phenotypic appearance, and from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma parvum" order="Araneae" pageId="212" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvum">Aphonopelma parvum</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
by appearance and size. An interesting note, in both mtDNA and nuDNA datasets,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="212" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">Aphonopelma peloncillo</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is inferred as sister to a lineage in the Huachuca Mountains (that is not
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma madera" order="Araneae" pageId="212" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madera">Aphonopelma madera</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
), putatively identified as a novel species. Unfortunately, at this time we do not have additional support for this single specimen to be recognized and formally described.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="214" lastPageNumber="215" pageId="212" pageNumber="213">
|
|||
|
|
Other important ratios that distinguish males:
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="212" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">Aphonopelma peloncillo</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
possess a smaller PTl/M3 (≤0.82; 0.71-0.82) than
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma catalina" order="Araneae" pageId="212" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catalina">Aphonopelma catalina</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(≥0.86; 0.86-0.98),
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chiricahua" order="Araneae" pageId="212" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiricahua">Aphonopelma chiricahua</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(≥0.94; 0.94-1.10) and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma parvum" order="Araneae" pageId="212" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvum">Aphonopelma parvum</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(≥0.81; 0.81-0.88, with slight overlap), but larger than
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma gabeli" order="Araneae" pageId="212" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabeli">Aphonopelma gabeli</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(≤0.63; 0.57-0.63); by possessing a larger L3 scopulation extent (52%-68%) than
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma catalina" order="Araneae" pageId="212" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catalina">Aphonopelma catalina</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(48%-53%, with slight overlap); by possessing a smaller F1/M4 (≤1.11; 0.99-1.11) than
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma catalina" order="Araneae" pageId="212" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catalina">Aphonopelma catalina</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(≥1.15; 1.15-1.22) and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma madera" order="Araneae" pageId="212" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madera">Aphonopelma madera</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(≥1.12; 1.12-1.22), but larger than
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chalcodes" order="Araneae" pageId="212" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">Aphonopelma chalcodes</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(≤0.99; 0.92-0.99) and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma gabeli" order="Araneae" pageId="212" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabeli">Aphonopelma gabeli</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(≤0.97; 0.92-0.97); by
|
|||
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="213" pageNumber="214" start="start">possessing</pageBreakToken>
|
|||
|
|
a larger T1/P4 (≥2.47; 2.47-2.94) than
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma hentzi" order="Araneae" pageId="213" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hentzi">Aphonopelma hentzi</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(≤2.46; 1.96-2.46). Other important ratios that distinguish females:
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="213" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">Aphonopelma peloncillo</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
possess a larger M3/A4 (≥1.11; 1.11-1.23) than
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma catalina" order="Araneae" pageId="213" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catalina">Aphonopelma catalina</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(≤1.10; 1.07-1.10) and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma parvum" order="Araneae" pageId="213" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvum">Aphonopelma parvum</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(≤0.92; 0.86-0.92); by possessing a smaller L3 scopulation extent (58%-68%) than
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chalcodes" order="Araneae" pageId="213" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">Aphonopelma chalcodes</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(78%-93%),
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma hentzi" order="Araneae" pageId="213" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hentzi">Aphonopelma hentzi</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(67%-95%, with slight overlap), and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma gabeli" order="Araneae" pageId="213" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabeli">Aphonopelma gabeli</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(72%-80%). For both males and females, certain morphometrics have potential to be useful, though due to the amounts of variation, small number of specimens, and the small differences between species, no other are claimed to be significant at this time (see Suppl. material 2).
|
|||
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="214" pageNumber="215" start="start">During</pageBreakToken>
|
|||
|
|
evaluation of traditional PCA morphospace, males of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">Aphonopelma peloncillo</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
separate from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chalcodes" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">Aphonopelma chalcodes</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma gabeli" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabeli">Aphonopelma gabeli</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma madera" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madera">Aphonopelma madera</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma parvum" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvum">Aphonopelma parvum</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
along PC1~2, but do not separate from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma catalina" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catalina">Aphonopelma catalina</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chiricahua" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiricahua">Aphonopelma chiricahua</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma hentzi" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hentzi">Aphonopelma hentzi</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Females of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">Aphonopelma peloncillo</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
separate from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chiricahua" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiricahua">Aphonopelma chiricahua</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma parvum" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvum">Aphonopelma parvum</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
along PC1~2, but do not separate from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma catalina" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catalina">Aphonopelma catalina</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chalcodes" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">Aphonopelma chalcodes</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma gabeli" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabeli">Aphonopelma gabeli</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma hentzi" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hentzi">Aphonopelma hentzi</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma madera" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madera">Aphonopelma madera</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Interestingly,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">Aphonopelma peloncillo</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
males separate from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma catalina" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catalina">Aphonopelma catalina</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chiricahua" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiricahua">Aphonopelma chiricahua</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma madera" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madera">Aphonopelma madera</taxonomicName>
|
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|
|
, and
|
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|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma parvum" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvum">Aphonopelma parvum</taxonomicName>
|
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|
|
in three-dimensional PCA morphospace (PC1~PC2~PC3), but do not separate from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chalcodes" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">Aphonopelma chalcodes</taxonomicName>
|
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|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma gabeli" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabeli">Aphonopelma gabeli</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma hentzi" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hentzi">Aphonopelma hentzi</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">Aphonopelma peloncillo</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
females separate from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chiricahua" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiricahua">Aphonopelma chiricahua</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma madera" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madera">Aphonopelma madera</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma parvum" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvum">Aphonopelma parvum</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, but do not separate from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma catalina" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catalina">Aphonopelma catalina</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chalcodes" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">Aphonopelma chalcodes</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma gabeli" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabeli">Aphonopelma gabeli</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma hentzi" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hentzi">Aphonopelma hentzi</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. PC1, PC2, and PC3 explain ≥96% of the variation in all analyses.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|