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<mods:title id="7D3B31861358FBEF8ED235F69B882BC5">New cheiracanthiid spiders from Xishuangbanna rainforest, southwestern China (Araneae, Cheiracanthiidae)</mods:title>
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Genus 
<taxonomicName id="EB41D2E4DE3AE3C9621F1A358360DD3C" LSID="527BA05F-4CE8-5131-B223-9939FD9DC474" authority="C. L. Koch, 1839" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1839" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cheiracanthium" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cheiracanthium C.L. Koch, 1839</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="7E449484B24250E7528AD140245DA930" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1942" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Chiracanthops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chiracanthops" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chiracanthops</taxonomicName>
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1942 (
<taxonomicName id="A82810B27D02426591C2BC7991DF9C26" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1839" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cheiracanthium" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cheiracanthium</taxonomicName>
is considered a senior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="9D71C135F2C1560B776E2AE151AC8DCF" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1942" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Chiracanthops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chiracanthops" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chiracanthops</taxonomicName>
, 
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: 732).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0AC7F234C6DBBD1C80E58EBB81D12B35" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="CCBB56E84F0F3EC95B196F49B4B18549" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1839" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cheiracanthium" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cheiracanthium</taxonomicName>
C.L. 
<bibRefCitation id="EDB0A2DE3AF986CFB3C102603EEAE65D" author="Koch, CL" journalOrPublisher="Arachnologische Mitteilungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" refId="B11" refString="Koch, CL, 1839. Die Arachniden. Sechster Band, Nuernberg, 156 pp" title="Die Arachniden. Sechster Band, Nuernberg, 156 pp" year="1839">Koch 1839</bibRefCitation>
: 9 (type species: 
<taxonomicName id="3A7E883504F6E4F49A5A2DE381D22915" authorityName="Villers" authorityYear="1789" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Aranea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aranea punctoria" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctoria">Aranea punctoria</taxonomicName>
Villers, 1789); 
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: 87; 
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: 895; 
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: 78.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CDA8BCC60544233BA0756FE5C2CDCDB9" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="4E881A104357F5CAFBEA977209900D37" authorityName="Benoit" authorityYear="1977" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Helebiona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helebiona" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Helebiona</taxonomicName>
Benoit, 1977: 80 (type species: 
<taxonomicName id="57E5F9C918C96DFE2191C10C04E81255" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. wilma" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilma">H. wilma</taxonomicName>
Benoit, 1977); 
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: 66.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9B2A7F318B45E9CB242FCB3C86C2865F" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="type species">
<paragraph id="805083BDC43BCDB87687CBE9BF19A0A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DDE41AFF164D23BB35D9E1C390CC57AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="ECE9D4FB0C616FB1D2F8A9333443A078" authorityName="Villers" authorityYear="1789" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Aranea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aranea punctoria" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="punctoria">
<emphasis id="8742A424FD59FD95227CCAADEDB61633" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Aranea punctoria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Villers, 1789, type locality: Europe.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F818A63EB3DC8994420F2BBA88E7F797" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="comments">
<paragraph id="1E6FFD58594B6BC7A4B32096B60BF664" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="32DEBFA12E7BFA5C25819627E40FD80E" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
The genus 
<taxonomicName id="6BAA8261DE6A2BA4B706AF7FF7A1A8E9" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1839" class="Arachnida" family="Cheiracanthiidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cheiracanthium" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4B1F6640929AF003DEA41934AE27329F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Cheiracanthium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
currently includes 215 extant species that are widespread in the Old World and represent 61% of the total number of 
<taxonomicName id="57AA949F4F7C2FA847BF1E3512802B71" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1887" class="Arachnida" family="Cheiracanthiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cheiracanthiidae</taxonomicName>
species (
<bibRefCitation id="0340A28D87A9298220E2E5186C761A33" author="WSC" journalOrPublisher="Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" publicationUrl="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" refId="B31" refString="WSC, 2020. World Spider Catalog. Version 21.0. Natural History Museum Bern. http://wsc.nmbe.ch" title="World Spider Catalog. Version 21.0. Natural History Museum Bern." url="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" year="2020">WSC 2020</bibRefCitation>
). However, the genus remains inadequately studied because: (1) almost half of the species are known from a single sex or juveniles (37 from males, 59 from females, two from juveniles), and in some cases, the adults are apparently mismatched, or conspecific male and females have been described as separate species (
<bibRefCitation id="AC2F56124D65F3F88C6565B7C3EAE3A2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3510.1.5" author="Dankittipakul, P" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="77 - 86" refId="B6" refString="Dankittipakul, P, Beccaloni, J, 2012. Validation and new synonymies proposed for Cheiracanthium species from south and southeast Asia (Araneae, Clubionidae). Zootaxa 3510: 77 - 86, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3510.1.5" title="Validation and new synonymies proposed for Cheiracanthium species from south and southeast Asia (Araneae, Clubionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3510.1.5" volume="3510" year="2012">Dankittipakul and Beccaloni 2012</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="C2DCE2A29DF68C90C79B24F4D290DC16" author="WSC" journalOrPublisher="Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" publicationUrl="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" refId="B31" refString="WSC, 2020. World Spider Catalog. Version 21.0. Natural History Museum Bern. http://wsc.nmbe.ch" title="World Spider Catalog. Version 21.0. Natural History Museum Bern." url="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" year="2020">WSC 2020</bibRefCitation>
); (2) original descriptions are rather brief and lack illustrations or the illustrations are inadequate (
<bibRefCitation id="D1651F26C0EF59D7526A016AFE60F863" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.762.23786" author="Zhang, JS" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="33 - 45" refId="B34" refString="Zhang, JS, Zhang, GR, Yu, H, 2018. Four species of spider genus Cheiracanthium C. L. Koch, 1839 (Araneae, Eutichuridae) from Jinggang Mountains, Jiangxi Province, China. ZooKeys 762: 33 - 45, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.762.23786" title="Four species of spider genus Cheiracanthium C. L. Koch, 1839 (Araneae, Eutichuridae) from Jinggang Mountains, Jiangxi Province, China." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.762.23786" volume="762" year="2018">Zhang et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
); (3) the diversity of this genus is still insufficiently known (
<bibRefCitation id="5E444E5F2C6E347F3D94C80A5ABD6764" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.762.23786" author="Zhang, JS" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="33 - 45" refId="B34" refString="Zhang, JS, Zhang, GR, Yu, H, 2018. Four species of spider genus Cheiracanthium C. L. Koch, 1839 (Araneae, Eutichuridae) from Jinggang Mountains, Jiangxi Province, China. ZooKeys 762: 33 - 45, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.762.23786" title="Four species of spider genus Cheiracanthium C. L. Koch, 1839 (Araneae, Eutichuridae) from Jinggang Mountains, Jiangxi Province, China." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.762.23786" volume="762" year="2018">Zhang et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
). Although several major taxonomic studies on a regional scale have been conducted, e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="8A16D047237007F2116F21164DE6DBD4" author="Edwards, RJ" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="365 - 436" refId="B9" refString="Edwards, RJ, 1958. The spider subfamily Clubioninae of the United States, Canada and Alaska (Araneae: Clubionidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 118: 365 - 436" title="The spider subfamily Clubioninae of the United States, Canada and Alaska (Araneae: Clubionidae)." volume="118" year="1958">Edwards (1958)</bibRefCitation>
for the US, 
<bibRefCitation id="D740DCAA6617EB1BAF1C345277A839C9" author="Wolf, A" journalOrPublisher="Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" refId="B30" refString="Wolf, A, 1991. Cheiracanthium. In: Heimer S, Nentwig W (Eds) Spinnen Mitteleuropas. Ein Bestimmungsbuch. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin" title="Cheiracanthium. In: Heimer S, Nentwig W (Eds) Spinnen Mitteleuropas. Ein Bestimmungsbuch." year="1991">Wolf (1991)</bibRefCitation>
for Central Europe, 
<bibRefCitation id="7E5F6D4156A1A3129B521442752AAC3A" author="Bonaldo, AB" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Entomologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="731 - 740" refId="B3" refString="Bonaldo, AB, Brescovit, AD, 1992. As aranhas do genero Cheiracanthium C.L. Koch, 1839 na regiao neotropical (Araneae, Clubionidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 36: 731 - 740" title="As aranhas do genero Cheiracanthium C. L. Koch, 1839 na regiao neotropical (Araneae, Clubionidae)." volume="36" year="1992">Bonaldo and Brescovit (1992)</bibRefCitation>
for the Neotropical Region, 
<bibRefCitation id="6CA04AC4D9EE30C83FF961A005E58A40" author="Lotz, LN" journalOrPublisher="Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum Bloemfontein" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 76" refId="B15" refString="Lotz, LN, 2007a. The genus Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Miturgidae) in the Afrotropical region. 1. Revision of known species. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum Bloemfontein 23: 1 - 76" title="The genus Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Miturgidae) in the Afrotropical region. 1. Revision of known species." volume="23" year="2007 a">Lotz (2007a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="CB6065B366DF61EE5819E154C619FEEF" author="Lotz, LN" journalOrPublisher="Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum Bloemfontein" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="145 - 184" refId="B16" refString="Lotz, LN, 2007b. The genus Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Miturgidae) in the Afrotropical region. 2. Description of new species. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum Bloemfontein 23: 145 - 184" title="The genus Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Miturgidae) in the Afrotropical region. 2. Description of new species." volume="23" year="2007 b">b</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="BAB540C52BE75CB3E7D8F08E2B5219FD" author="Lotz, LN" journalOrPublisher="Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum Bloemfontein" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="21 - 36" refId="B17" refString="Lotz, LN, 2011. The genus Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Miturgidae) in the Afrotropical region. 3. Description of four new species. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum Bloemfontein 27: 21 - 36" title="The genus Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Miturgidae) in the Afrotropical region. 3. Description of four new species." volume="27" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="BAC93842EE92C50ED898DBD8AFCCCAA1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3857.3.1" author="Lotz, LN" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="301 - 332" refId="B18" refString="Lotz, LN, 2014. New species of Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Eutichuridae) from Madagascar and the Comoros Islands. Zootaxa 3857 (3): 301 - 332, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3857.3.1" title="New species of Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Eutichuridae) from Madagascar and the Comoros Islands." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3857.3.1" volume="3857" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="1A21DEBA4CEF69B58F631F4521C94944" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3973.2.7" author="Lotz, LN" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="321 - 336" refId="B19" refString="Lotz, LN, 2015. New species of the spider genus Cheiracanthium from continental Africa (Araneae: Eutichuridae). Zootaxa 3973 (2): 321 - 336, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3973.2.7" title="New species of the spider genus Cheiracanthium from continental Africa (Araneae: Eutichuridae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3973.2.7" volume="3973" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
) for the Afrotropical Region, 
<bibRefCitation id="A1397CD9550D5DF09A397F07DC33A009" author="Deeleman-Reinhold, CL" journalOrPublisher="Brill, Leiden" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" refId="B7" refString="Deeleman-Reinhold, CL, 2001. Forest spiders of South East Asia: With a Revision of the Sac and Ground Spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Liocranidae, Gnaphosidae, Prodidomidae and Trochanterriidae). Brill, Leiden" title="Forest spiders of South East Asia: With a Revision of the Sac and Ground Spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Liocranidae, Gnaphosidae, Prodidomidae and Trochanterriidae)." year="2001">Deeleman-Reinhold (2001)</bibRefCitation>
for Southeast Asia, the genus 
<taxonomicName id="648E42FED1F9DA548CE849AD568EB60D" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1839" class="Arachnida" family="Cheiracanthiidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cheiracanthium" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9E10FF4DFAF704EEDEFAB915460D5537" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Cheiracanthium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been widely considered paraphyletic (
<bibRefCitation id="6B11F13C5E48C8C72C22985F739C8E62" author="Wunderlich, J" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Araneologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="183 - 191" refId="B32" refString="Wunderlich, J, 2012. Few rare and a new species of spiders (Araneae) from Portugal, with resurrection of the genus Chiracanthops Mello-Leitao 1942 (Clubionidae: Eutichurinae). Beitraege zur Araneologie 8: 183 - 191" title="Few rare and a new species of spiders (Araneae) from Portugal, with resurrection of the genus Chiracanthops Mello-Leitao 1942 (Clubionidae: Eutichurinae)." volume="8" year="2012">Wunderlich 2012</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="9DFA07227717215D523EBE5A79194174" author="Marusik, YM" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Arachnology" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="79 - 83" refId="B20" refString="Marusik, YM, Fomichev, AA, 2016. A new species of Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Cheiracanthiidae) from Mongolia. Indian Journal of Arachnology 5 (1-2): 79 - 83" title="A new species of Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Cheiracanthiidae) from Mongolia." volume="5" year="2016">Marusik and Fomichev 2016</bibRefCitation>
). We agree with 
<bibRefCitation id="F48C12A4FB9ECB5D3C2BBB06749B3794" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5431/aramit4704" author="Bayer, S" journalOrPublisher="Arachnologische Mitteilungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="19 - 34" refId="B1" refString="Bayer, S, 2014. Miscellaneous notes on European and African Cheiracanthium species (Araneae: Miturgidae). Arachnologische Mitteilungen 47: 19 - 34, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5431/aramit4704" title="Miscellaneous notes on European and African Cheiracanthium species (Araneae: Miturgidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5431/aramit4704" volume="47" year="2014">Bayer (2014)</bibRefCitation>
regarding the need of an extensive, large-scale review of the genus. Consequently, the present study follows the 
<bibRefCitation id="E08152F3A693F75E14C4AA25E62AF9E6" author="WSC" journalOrPublisher="Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" publicationUrl="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" refId="B31" refString="WSC, 2020. World Spider Catalog. Version 21.0. Natural History Museum Bern. http://wsc.nmbe.ch" title="World Spider Catalog. Version 21.0. Natural History Museum Bern." url="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" year="2020">WSC (2020)</bibRefCitation>
and temporarily places the four new species in 
<taxonomicName id="BCD4B6E42E03BE4DC5FA0CB14952A998" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1839" class="Arachnida" family="Cheiracanthiidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cheiracanthium" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1E40BF59FB4D2D9B7C64C2BD1E05718D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Cheiracanthium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sensu lato.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>