treatments-xml/data/03/BC/87/03BC87C2FF86FFC07968C698FDB3FB12.xml

<document id="D8D68C616F17CCDDD5D66F7E644FFD79" ID-DOI="10.26515/rzsi/v122/i3/2022/167382" ID-ISSN="2581-8686" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13185726" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722611945357" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Mondal, Jhimli &amp; Raghunathan, C." docDate="2022" docId="03BC87C2FF86FFC07968C698FDB3FB12" docLanguage="en" docName="RecZoolSurvIndia.122.3.275-282.pdf" docOrigin="Records of the Zoological Survey of India 122 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:30C78A88DFAFB68AE5A0604D5A6B2FFB.3:RecZoolSurvIndia.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="30C78A88DFAFB68AE5A0604D5A6B2FFB" docStyleName="RecZoolSurvIndia.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Polycarpa reniformis" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="278" masterDocId="FF85FFBAFF87FFC37A35C712FFB0FFF2" masterDocTitle="Addition of three Ascidian species to Indian waters from Andaman and Nicobar Islands" masterLastPageNumber="282" masterPageNumber="275" pageNumber="276" updateTime="1722664346981" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="C38A72F4C2DD713A7968B535D65125AF">Addition of three Ascidian species to Indian waters from Andaman and Nicobar Islands</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="71A4738247AD55D23AA487811824E5AD">Mondal, Jhimli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0DEE8C521C628EEAF6177F7BCCACA8B8">Raghunathan, C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9410ECFCED6C9FC119281F217AE1C073">Records of the Zoological Survey of India</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="50E60C54ABDDFD4E298190CDC31A8D7C">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03BC87C2FF86FFC07968C698FDB3FB12" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13186507" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13186507" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BC87C2FF86FFC07968C698FDB3FB12" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC87C2FF86FFC07968C698FDB3FB12" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="278" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">
<subSubSection id="C30F655FFF86FFC27968C698FA93FE56" box="[861,1315,393,420]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAA36D4FF86FFC27968C698FA93FE56" blockId="1.[861,1499,393,565]" box="[861,1315,393,420]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">
<heading id="D0E281B8FF86FFC27968C698FA93FE56" box="[861,1315,393,420]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B961EAC6FF86FFC27968C698FCC3FE56" bold="true" box="[861,883,394,420]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C154D57FF86FFC279BBC69BFA93FE56" ID-CoL="4L39F" authority="(Sluiter, 1904)" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[910,1315,393,420]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polycarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reniformis">
<emphasis id="B961EAC6FF86FFC279BBC69BFB30FE51" bold="true" box="[910,1152,393,420]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Polycarpa reniformis</emphasis>
(Sluiter, 1904)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F655FFF86FFC079B0C6BCFDB3FB12" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="278" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAA36D4FF86FFC279B0C6BCFAD9FDC7" blockId="1.[861,1499,393,565]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">
<emphasis id="B961EAC6FF86FFC279B0C6BCFBD9FE3A" box="[901,1129,430,456]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3C89FF86FFC27E48C6BCFAD5FDC7" collectingDate="2016-12-16" collectionCode="ANRC" collectorName="Coll. &amp; Jhimli Mondal &amp; Reg. No." country="India" county="District South Andaman" elevation="7" latitude="11.418533" location="Rutland Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="92.60892" municipality="South Andaman" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">
<specimenCount id="9D13FD5DFF86FFC27E48C6BCFB71FE3A" box="[1149,1217,430,456]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" type="generic">1 ex.</specimenCount>
: 
<collectingCountry id="F3027644FF86FFC27EEDC6BCFAA5FE3A" box="[1240,1301,430,456]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">India</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D1F836FF86FFC27F18C6BCFBBEFE1E" country="India" name="Andaman and Nicobar Islands" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62CB4E58FF86FFC27E23C6C0FA99FE1E" box="[1046,1321,466,492]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">
District 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCEACAEFF86FFC27E44C6C0FA99FE1E" box="[1137,1321,466,492]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">South Andaman</collectingMunicipality>
</collectingCounty>
, 
<location id="8ECA600FFF86FFC27F07C6C0FA66FE1E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BC87C2FF86FFC07968C698FDB3FB12:8ECA600FFF86FFC27F07C6C0FA66FE1E" box="[1330,1494,466,492]" country="India" county="District South Andaman" latitude="11.418533" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="92.60892" municipality="South Andaman" name="Rutland Island" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" stateProvince="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Rutland Island</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE215013FF86FFC27968C6E4FC59FDE3" box="[861,1001,502,529]" degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="25.112" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" precision="1" value="11.418533">11°25.112’N</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE215013FF86FFC279C1C6E4FBCAFDE3" box="[1012,1146,502,529]" degrees="92" direction="east" minutes="36.535" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" precision="1" value="92.60892">92°36.535’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<location id="8ECA600FFF86FFC27EB0C6E4FB7FFDE2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BC87C2FF86FFC07968C698FDB3FB12:8ECA600FFF86FFC27EB0C6E4FB7FFDE2" box="[1157,1231,502,528]" country="India" county="District South Andaman" latitude="11.418533" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="92.60892" municipality="South Andaman" name="Depth" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" stateProvince="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Depth</location>
: 
<quantity id="4CED9B31FF86FFC27EECC6E4FAB6FDE2" box="[1241,1286,502,528]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" unit="m" value="7.0">
<elevation id="0038D1E7FF86FFC27EECC6E4FAB6FDE2" box="[1241,1286,502,528]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" unit="m" value="7.0">7 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFAB1014FF86FFC27F24C6E4FA24FDE2" box="[1297,1428,502,528]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" value="2016-12-16">
<collectingDate id="EFEFE9FCFF86FFC27F24C6E4FA24FDE2" box="[1297,1428,502,528]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" value="2016-12-16">16.xii. 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26E05302FF86FFC27FAAC6E4FA68FDE2" box="[1439,1496,502,528]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Coll.</collectorName>
: 
<collectorName id="26E05302FF86FFC27968C508FBB1FDC6" box="[861,1025,538,564]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Jhimli Mondal</collectorName>
(
<collectorName id="26E05302FF86FFC27E3AC508FBC3FDC6" box="[1039,1139,538,564]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Reg. No.</collectorName>
: ZSI/ 
<collectionCode id="ED04AE11FF86FFC27E98C508FB49FDC6" box="[1197,1273,538,564]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">ANRC</collectionCode>
– 16552)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6A665CFF86FFC27B45C04EFC54F884" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185728" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13185728" box="[368,996,1884,1911]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185728/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" startId="1.[368,444,1884,1910]" targetBox="[347,1315,653,1843]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAA36D4FF86FFC27B45C04EFC54F884" blockId="1.[368,996,1884,1911]" box="[368,996,1884,1911]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">
<emphasis id="B961EAC6FF86FFC27B45C04EFE68F884" bold="true" box="[368,472,1884,1910]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Figure 1.</emphasis>
Study areas of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAA36D4FF85FFC17A98C7C5FDB8FE56" blockId="2.[133,771,214,492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">
<emphasis id="B961EAC6FF85FFC17A98C7C5FE82FF02" box="[173,306,215,240]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Description:</emphasis>
The specimen is 
<quantity id="4CED9B31FF85FFC17811C7C4FDCBFF02" box="[548,635,214,241]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" unit="cm" value="3.5">3.5 cm</quantity>
long, and elongated in shape (
<figureCitation id="132E2A51FF85FFC17B55C7E8FE7DFEE6" box="[352,461,250,276]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[133,209,1749,1775]" captionTargetBox="[279,1326,535,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-153@2.[271,1334,527,1722]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Polycarpa reniformis (Sluiter, 1904): a. Preserved specimen. b. Dorsal tubercle. c. Branchial sac with branchial folds. d. Stigmata. e. Gut loop on the left side of the body along with gonads. f. Gonads. (Abbreviation: DL: Dorsal Lamina, DT: Dorsal Tubercle, E: Endostyle, EC: Endocarp, G: Gonad, GL: Gut loop, ST: Stigmata, each number is denoting each branchial fold), (Scale: b– 1mm, 28.4x; c– 2mm, 11x; d– 500μm, 37.2x; e– 5mm, 7.80x; f– 1mm, 28x)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185730/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Figure 2a</figureCitation>
). The tunic is thick, opaque, cartilaginous, soft and brownish. The test surface is with wrinkles and epibionts. The branchial aperture is terminal; both the apertures are very inconspicuous. Apertures are having four lobes on each of them.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA36D4FF85FFC17A98C6BCFC77FE56" blockId="2.[133,771,214,492]" lastBlockId="2.[835,1472,214,492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">
Strong muscles are present on the body wall and form a mesh originating from each of the siphons. The prepharyngeal band is narrow. Branchial tentacles are about 
<quantity id="4CED9B31FF85FFC179BCC7E8FC7FFEE6" box="[905,975,250,276]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" unit="in" value="100.0">100 in</quantity>
number. The dorsal tubercle has an inverted S-shaped opening of the neural gland (
<figureCitation id="132E2A51FF85FFC17F3EC60CFACFFECA" box="[1291,1407,286,312]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[133,209,1749,1775]" captionTargetBox="[279,1326,535,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-153@2.[271,1334,527,1722]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Polycarpa reniformis (Sluiter, 1904): a. Preserved specimen. b. Dorsal tubercle. c. Branchial sac with branchial folds. d. Stigmata. e. Gut loop on the left side of the body along with gonads. f. Gonads. (Abbreviation: DL: Dorsal Lamina, DT: Dorsal Tubercle, E: Endostyle, EC: Endocarp, G: Gonad, GL: Gut loop, ST: Stigmata, each number is denoting each branchial fold), (Scale: b– 1mm, 28.4x; c– 2mm, 11x; d– 500μm, 37.2x; e– 5mm, 7.80x; f– 1mm, 28x)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185730/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Figure 2b</figureCitation>
). The branchial sac is with four folds on each side of the body (
<figureCitation id="132E2A51FF85FFC1797FC674FC0EFE72" box="[842,958,358,384]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[133,209,1749,1775]" captionTargetBox="[279,1326,535,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-153@2.[271,1334,527,1722]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Polycarpa reniformis (Sluiter, 1904): a. Preserved specimen. b. Dorsal tubercle. c. Branchial sac with branchial folds. d. Stigmata. e. Gut loop on the left side of the body along with gonads. f. Gonads. (Abbreviation: DL: Dorsal Lamina, DT: Dorsal Tubercle, E: Endostyle, EC: Endocarp, G: Gonad, GL: Gut loop, ST: Stigmata, each number is denoting each branchial fold), (Scale: b– 1mm, 28.4x; c– 2mm, 11x; d– 500μm, 37.2x; e– 5mm, 7.80x; f– 1mm, 28x)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185730/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Figure 2c</figureCitation>
) and 8-10 stigmata are present per mesh (
<figureCitation id="132E2A51FF85FFC1797FC698FC0AFE56" box="[842,954,394,420]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[133,209,1749,1775]" captionTargetBox="[279,1326,535,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-153@2.[271,1334,527,1722]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Polycarpa reniformis (Sluiter, 1904): a. Preserved specimen. b. Dorsal tubercle. c. Branchial sac with branchial folds. d. Stigmata. e. Gut loop on the left side of the body along with gonads. f. Gonads. (Abbreviation: DL: Dorsal Lamina, DT: Dorsal Tubercle, E: Endostyle, EC: Endocarp, G: Gonad, GL: Gut loop, ST: Stigmata, each number is denoting each branchial fold), (Scale: b– 1mm, 28.4x; c– 2mm, 11x; d– 500μm, 37.2x; e– 5mm, 7.80x; f– 1mm, 28x)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185730/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Figure 2d</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA36D4FF85FFC1795EC6BCFC1CFE1E" blockId="2.[835,1472,214,492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Branchial formula: DL 2 (9) 2 (12) 2 (11) 1 (12) 1 E (left side)</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6A665CFF85FFC17AB0C1C7FDFAF884" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185730" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13185730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185730/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" startId="2.[133,209,1749,1775]" targetBox="[279,1326,535,1714]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAA36D4FF85FFC17AB0C1C7FAD3F8A7" blockId="2.[133,1470,1749,1911]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">
<emphasis id="B961EAC6FF85FFC17AB0C1C7FF5DF91D" bold="true" box="[133,237,1749,1775]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C154D57FF85FFC17ACEC1C4FD34F902" authority="(Sluiter, 1904)" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[251,644,1750,1776]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polycarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reniformis">
<emphasis id="B961EAC6FF85FFC17ACEC1C4FE6EF902" box="[251,478,1750,1776]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Polycarpa reniformis</emphasis>
(Sluiter, 1904)
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis id="B961EAC6FF85FFC178B8C1C4FD11F902" bold="true" box="[653,673,1750,1776]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">a.</emphasis>
Preserved specimen. 
<emphasis id="B961EAC6FF85FFC179A1C1C4FC19F902" bold="true" box="[916,937,1750,1776]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">b.</emphasis>
Dorsal tubercle. 
<emphasis id="B961EAC6FF85FFC17E5DC1C4FBCBF902" bold="true" box="[1128,1147,1750,1776]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">c.</emphasis>
Branchial sac with branchial folds. 
<emphasis id="B961EAC6FF85FFC17B0BC1E5FEE5F8E3" bold="true" box="[318,341,1783,1809]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">d.</emphasis>
Stigmata. 
<emphasis id="B961EAC6FF85FFC17BFCC1E5FE6DF8E3" bold="true" box="[457,477,1783,1809]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">e.</emphasis>
Gut loop on the left side of the body along with gonads. 
<emphasis id="B961EAC6FF85FFC17E61C1E5FBD4F8E3" bold="true" box="[1108,1124,1783,1809]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">f.</emphasis>
Gonads. (Abbreviation: DL: Dorsal 
<taxonomicName id="4C154D57FF85FFC17B79C00BFE66F8C1" authority=", DT" authorityName="DT" box="[332,470,1817,1843]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Lamina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lamina, DT</taxonomicName>
: Dorsal Tubercle, E: Endostyle, EC: Endocarp, G: Gonad, GL: Gut loop, ST: Stigmata, each number is denoting each branchial fold), (Scale: b– 1mm, 28.4x; c– 2mm, 11x; d– 500μm, 37.2x;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA36D4FF85FFC17ACEC04FFDFAF884" blockId="2.[133,1470,1749,1911]" box="[251,586,1884,1911]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">e– 5mm, 7.80x; f– 1mm, 28x).</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAA36D4FF84FFC07AFDC7C4FF6CFDAA" blockId="3.[160,798,214,1249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">
Gut forms a loop (
<figureCitation id="132E2A51FF84FFC07B93C7C4FDA9FF02" box="[422,537,214,240]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[133,209,1749,1775]" captionTargetBox="[279,1326,535,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-153@2.[271,1334,527,1722]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Polycarpa reniformis (Sluiter, 1904): a. Preserved specimen. b. Dorsal tubercle. c. Branchial sac with branchial folds. d. Stigmata. e. Gut loop on the left side of the body along with gonads. f. Gonads. (Abbreviation: DL: Dorsal Lamina, DT: Dorsal Tubercle, E: Endostyle, EC: Endocarp, G: Gonad, GL: Gut loop, ST: Stigmata, each number is denoting each branchial fold), (Scale: b– 1mm, 28.4x; c– 2mm, 11x; d– 500μm, 37.2x; e– 5mm, 7.80x; f– 1mm, 28x)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185730/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">Figure 2e</figureCitation>
). The stomach is with 20 longitudinal folds internally. The anal border is with 11 irregular lobes (
<figureCitation id="132E2A51FF84FFC07B4AC60CFE41FECA" box="[383,497,286,312]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[133,209,1749,1775]" captionTargetBox="[279,1326,535,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-153@2.[271,1334,527,1722]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Polycarpa reniformis (Sluiter, 1904): a. Preserved specimen. b. Dorsal tubercle. c. Branchial sac with branchial folds. d. Stigmata. e. Gut loop on the left side of the body along with gonads. f. Gonads. (Abbreviation: DL: Dorsal Lamina, DT: Dorsal Tubercle, E: Endostyle, EC: Endocarp, G: Gonad, GL: Gut loop, ST: Stigmata, each number is denoting each branchial fold), (Scale: b– 1mm, 28.4x; c– 2mm, 11x; d– 500μm, 37.2x; e– 5mm, 7.80x; f– 1mm, 28x)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185730/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">Figure 2e</figureCitation>
). A single large endocarp is enclosed in the gut loop, no endocarp is found on the body wall. Gonads are spindle-shaped, upright attached to the body wall by a very small ligament at the proximal side of the body as stated by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B25FF84FFC07BDCC6BCFDDEFE3B" author="Kott, P." box="[489,622,430,457]" pageId="3" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 438" refId="ref3484" refString="Kott, P. 1985. ThThe Australian ascidiacea, Part 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoirs of Queensland Museum, 23: 1 - 438." type="journal article" year="1985">Kott (1985)</bibRefCitation>
. The rest of the part is free from the body wall (
<figureCitation id="132E2A51FF84FFC07836C6C0FDC0FE1E" box="[515,624,466,492]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[133,209,1749,1775]" captionTargetBox="[279,1326,535,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-153@2.[271,1334,527,1722]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Polycarpa reniformis (Sluiter, 1904): a. Preserved specimen. b. Dorsal tubercle. c. Branchial sac with branchial folds. d. Stigmata. e. Gut loop on the left side of the body along with gonads. f. Gonads. (Abbreviation: DL: Dorsal Lamina, DT: Dorsal Tubercle, E: Endostyle, EC: Endocarp, G: Gonad, GL: Gut loop, ST: Stigmata, each number is denoting each branchial fold), (Scale: b– 1mm, 28.4x; c– 2mm, 11x; d– 500μm, 37.2x; e– 5mm, 7.80x; f– 1mm, 28x)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185730/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">Figure 2f</figureCitation>
). 24 gonads are found on the right side of the body and 27 on the left side (
<figureCitation id="132E2A51FF84FFC07A92C508FEA6FDC6" box="[167,278,538,564]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[133,209,1749,1775]" captionTargetBox="[279,1326,535,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-153@2.[271,1334,527,1722]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Polycarpa reniformis (Sluiter, 1904): a. Preserved specimen. b. Dorsal tubercle. c. Branchial sac with branchial folds. d. Stigmata. e. Gut loop on the left side of the body along with gonads. f. Gonads. (Abbreviation: DL: Dorsal Lamina, DT: Dorsal Tubercle, E: Endostyle, EC: Endocarp, G: Gonad, GL: Gut loop, ST: Stigmata, each number is denoting each branchial fold), (Scale: b– 1mm, 28.4x; c– 2mm, 11x; d– 500μm, 37.2x; e– 5mm, 7.80x; f– 1mm, 28x)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185730/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">Figure 2e</figureCitation>
). Testes are bi or trilobed and arranged in two rows.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA36D4FF84FFC07AFDC570FD3FFC32" blockId="3.[160,798,214,1249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">
<emphasis id="B961EAC6FF84FFC07AFDC570FE9EFD8E" box="[200,302,610,636]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">Remarks:</emphasis>
The species was first reported by Sluiter in 1904 from 
<collectingCountry id="F3027644FF84FFC07B64C594FE72FD52" box="[337,450,646,672]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
; however, the report on the particular species is scanty. After Sluiter, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B25FF84FFC078A0C5B8FCADFD37" author="Kott, P." box="[661,797,682,709]" pageId="3" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 438" refId="ref3484" refString="Kott, P. 1985. ThThe Australian ascidiacea, Part 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoirs of Queensland Museum, 23: 1 - 438." type="journal article" year="1985">Kott (1985)</bibRefCitation>
reported the species from 
<collectingCountry id="F3027644FF84FFC07BD5C5DCFDF9FD1A" box="[480,585,718,744]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">Australia</collectingCountry>
. Before Kott, one more report has been found from 
<collectingCountry id="F3027644FF84FFC0782DC5E0FDCEFCFE" box="[536,638,754,780]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">Australia</collectingCountry>
by Hartmeyer and Michelsen, but Kott expresses her doubt that the species found by Hartmeyer and Michelsen is the same as the species found by Kott. Later on, Lee 
<emphasis id="B961EAC6FF84FFC078BAC44DFD0FFC8A" box="[655,703,862,888]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">et al</emphasis>
., (2016) unveil the distribution of present species from 
<collectingCountry id="F3027644FF84FFC078F3C490FCA9FC6E" box="[710,793,898,924]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, which Su recorded in 2013 (
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B25FF84FFC07BE2C4B4FD34FC32" author="Lee, SS-C &amp; Chan, JY-H &amp; Teo, SL-M &amp; Lambert, G." box="[471,644,934,960]" pageId="3" pageNumber="278" pagination="718 - 743" refId="ref3548" refString="Lee, SS-C., Chan, JY-H., Teo, SL-M. and Lambert, G. 2016. State of knowledge of ascidian diversity in South China Sea and new records for Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement No., 34: 718 - 743." type="journal article" year="2016">
Lee 
<emphasis id="B961EAC6FF84FFC07832C4B5FD85FC32" box="[519,565,934,960]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">et al</emphasis>
., 2016
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA36D4FF84FFC07AFDC4D8FE52FB87" blockId="3.[160,798,214,1249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">
The present species has been identified by its characteristic feature, i.e., delicate body wall, complete opening of a neural gland on the tubercle, single endocarp, and presence of numerous upright gonads on the body wall as stated by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B25FF84FFC07B6FC348FE6DFB87" author="Kott, P." box="[346,477,1114,1141]" pageId="3" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 438" refId="ref3484" refString="Kott, P. 1985. ThThe Australian ascidiacea, Part 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoirs of Queensland Museum, 23: 1 - 438." type="journal article" year="1985">Kott (1985)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA36D4FF84FFC07AFDC36CFDB3FB12" blockId="3.[160,798,214,1249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">
<emphasis id="B961EAC6FF84FFC07AFDC36CFE2DFB6A" box="[200,413,1150,1176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">
Distribution: 
<collectingCountry id="F3027644FF84FFC07B56C36CFE2DFB6A" box="[355,413,1150,1176]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">India</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingRegion id="49D1F836FF84FFC07B84C36CFCADFB6A" box="[433,797,1150,1176]" country="India" name="Andaman and Nicobar Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="132E2A51FF84FFC07A92C3B0FEBCFB4E" box="[167,268,1186,1212]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[368,444,1884,1910]" captionTargetBox="[347,1315,653,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-126@1.[319,1340,626,1857]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Study areas of Andaman and Nicobar Islands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185728/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">Figure 1</figureCitation>
); 
<emphasis id="B961EAC6FF84FFC07B19C3B0FE28FB4E" box="[300,408,1186,1212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">Elsewhere</emphasis>
: 
<collectingCountry id="F3027644FF84FFC07B98C3B0FDA5FB4E" box="[429,533,1186,1212]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">Australia</collectingCountry>
, and 
<collectingCountry id="F3027644FF84FFC07855C3B0FD7EFB4E" box="[608,718,1186,1212]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B25FF84FFC078D1C3B0FF69FB13" author="Kott, P." pageId="3" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 438" refId="ref3484" refString="Kott, P. 1985. ThThe Australian ascidiacea, Part 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoirs of Queensland Museum, 23: 1 - 438." type="journal article" year="1985">Kott, 1985</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F3027644FF84FFC07AD9C3D4FE8DFB12" box="[236,317,1222,1248]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B25FF84FFC07B7FC3D4FE47FB12" author="Lee, SS-C &amp; Chan, JY-H &amp; Teo, SL-M &amp; Lambert, G." box="[330,503,1222,1248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="278" pagination="718 - 743" refId="ref3548" refString="Lee, SS-C., Chan, JY-H., Teo, SL-M. and Lambert, G. 2016. State of knowledge of ascidian diversity in South China Sea and new records for Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement No., 34: 718 - 743." type="journal article" year="2016">
Lee 
<emphasis id="B961EAC6FF84FFC07B4FC3D5FE00FB12" box="[378,432,1222,1248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">et al.</emphasis>
, 2016
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>