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<document id="222C1C714FEFA8EECA9C0720A2FA2CF5" ID-CLB-Dataset="45249" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.280383" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0bae28d1-b9ea-4b09-bfb5-a3d400e8d4f4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="280383" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460455266321" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Roxo, Fábio F., Oliveira, Claudio &amp; Zawadzki, Cláudio H." docDate="2012" docId="03F487C586053556FF6AFF5A8759E6BC" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03233p021.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3233" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Neoplecostomus bandeirante Roxo, Oliveira &amp; Zawadzki, 2012, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFCDFFBD86063551FFFDFF848542E17D" masterDocTitle="Three new species of Neoplecostomus (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Upper Rio Paraná basin of southeastern Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698338555507" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="DB8B762CF2880319F6A67D4606AA89AC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="86A74F119859FAFF97B24C4F9C429D35">Three new species of Neoplecostomus (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Upper Rio Paraná basin of southeastern Brazil</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="AE12012F82FC75973E59A752EDAAE83B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8A051D5F1A07AA3406FB3404C5568E4B">
<mods:roleTerm id="C04B1CBA2C92CD36F3BE0C504E0810F6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CF1293A7AFC211A9AF4566982310A9D4">Roxo, Fábio F.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4CCED42233CE9AC1CE5C67E588A7D5CD" type="personal">
<mods:role id="622363D783FDB71F20F89644FA83C80D">
<mods:roleTerm id="17B2A3E90FFA151B2FFC1458EBBA03D1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B2E53070602EA1587A823B3D2A324298">Oliveira, Claudio</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E6166E09A210CB64E29EDC43972F3A7E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="099D74004C83FE29FEDA7021CDCACEB3">
<mods:roleTerm id="ECB501EEF7C73461B2E1BDA1DF59B263">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0E3D77DBC78AB37287110DEC850F8C8A">Zawadzki, Cláudio H.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="36BFD832311A2141B3FBD8EC0562396A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="7E4CB31E7AD35BF8BBF5F0779301DCBB" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="C20D7B220D3CB4CBBA4D95341A6115C5">
<mods:title id="6EA32AF5917B712744CD8C6E4A30CCF0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="4DAA5504E405BFF1D9874241222DC084">
<mods:date id="B601AD1F15B8A2B058293FD97B452CA6">2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="17ACDD2310CFA4C4F359C1B5CAE1A8C7" type="volume">
<mods:number id="5D6AFDBFFA4B9D145BBF061BDAC79B13">3233</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="3365516AB4F5C00E8064788193031F35">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="DF05AC7E8ED185E28714444C773D1AFF">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="5EA94A48827EF7C49CFAB301D6F0AE54" type="CLB-Dataset">45249</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0FCE00B60FB09C911C147F448D01AAB0" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.280383</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CF3CCFCDF110AFB7F2184E3EA009C592" type="GBIF-Dataset">0bae28d1-b9ea-4b09-bfb5-a3d400e8d4f4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A764220B295CF1EC751D83CCE0B8C147" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="12273B3B4B623150AE33A8D380D35C3D" type="Zenodo-Dep">280383</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03F487C586053556FF6AFF5A8759E6BC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6168155" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119576028" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6168155" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F487C586053556FF6AFF5A8759E6BC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F487C586053556FF6AFF5A8759E6BC" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection id="C347655886053552FF6AFF5A807CE022" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE236D386053552FF6AFF5A87D1E185" blockId="3.[151,659,222,281]" box="[151,659,222,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0AA81BF86053552FF6AFF5A87D1E185" bold="true" box="[151,659,222,248]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186053552FF6AFF5A87D1E185" bold="true" box="[151,659,222,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D5086053552FF6AFF5A84B6E185" ID-CoL="46QNV" box="[151,500,222,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bandeirante" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186053552FF6AFF5A84B6E185" bold="true" box="[151,500,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Neoplecostomus bandeirante</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21A57BA86053552FDFEFF5A87D1E185" box="[515,659,222,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE236D386053552FF6AFE85841FE064" blockId="3.[151,659,222,281]" box="[151,349,257,281]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<figureCitation id="13662A5686053552FF6AFE8585B7E064" box="[151,245,257,281]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,511,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,511,1858]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Neoplecostomus bandeirante, MZUSP 110363, (male) SL = 109.9 mm, holotype from Rio Paraitinguinha in the municipality of Salesópolis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280384/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 1</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6DF036886053552FEFEFE858415E064" box="[259,343,257,281]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[119,207,524,548]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data and counts of Neoplecostomus bandeirante, N. langeanii and N. botucatu. CP = caudal peduncle, IO = interorbital length, OD = orbital di-" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE236D386053552FF6AFECD807CE022" blockId="3.[151,1342,329,352]" box="[151,1342,329,352]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4D11FD86053552FF6AFECD807CE022" box="[151,1342,329,352]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D5086053552FF6AFECD847FE022" ID-CoL="62D3" box="[151,317,329,351]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186053552FF6AFECD847FE022" box="[151,317,329,351]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Neoplecostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 1.
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC10C286053552FE82FECD87C5E022" author="" box="[383,647,329,352]" page="497" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B2286053552FE82FECD871AE01D" box="[383,600,329,352]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Reusing, A. F., Renesto, E., Roxo, F. F. &amp; Zawadzki, C. H. (2011) Allozyme differentiation of two populations of the genus Neoplecostomu s Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann, 1888 (Teleostei: Loricariidae) from the upper Parana River, Brazil. Genetics and Molecular Biology, 34, 496 - 501." type="journal article">
Reusing
<emphasis id="B929EAC186053552FE24FECE874EE022" box="[473,524,329,351]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
(2011)
</bibRefCitation>
: 497
</treatmentCitation>
[photo;
<figureCitation id="13662A5686053552FD20FECD866DE022" box="[733,815,329,351]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,511,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,511,1858]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Neoplecostomus bandeirante, MZUSP 110363, (male) SL = 109.9 mm, holotype from Rio Paraitinguinha in the municipality of Salesópolis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280384/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 1</figureCitation>
a compares this species with
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D5086053552FBA4FECD81BDE022" box="[1113,1279,329,351]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186053552FBA4FECD81BDE022" box="[1113,1279,329,351]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Neoplecostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 2]
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C347655886053555FF6AFE08802EE341" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE236D386053552FF6AFE088016E0BA" blockId="3.[151,1436,396,455]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186053552FF6AFE08844FE0D9" bold="true" box="[151,269,396,420]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<typeStatus id="54E6887186053552FF6AFE08844AE0D9" box="[151,264,396,420]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED4CAE1686053552FEE5FE088437E0D9" box="[280,373,396,420]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MZUSP</collectionCode>
<date id="FFE3101386053552FE7CFE088496E0D9" box="[385,468,396,420]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="63-11-03">110363</date>
(
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD5A86053552FE17FE088779E0D9" box="[490,571,396,420]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CA59B3686053552FDB6FE088783E0D9" box="[587,705,396,420]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.099" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="109.9">109.9 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED4CAE1686053552FD31FE0887B2E0D9" box="[716,752,396,420]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">SL</collectionCode>
),
<collectingCountry id="F34A764386053552FCF5FE08860DE0D9" box="[776,847,396,420]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, São Paulo state, municipality of Salesópolis, Rio Paraitinguinha, Rio Tietê basin,
<geoCoordinate id="EE69501486053552FDFDFE2B87C6E0BA" box="[512,644,431,455]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" value="-23.523611">23°31’25”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE69501486053552FD71FE2B8659E0BA" box="[652,795,431,455]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" value="-43.889446">43°53’22”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFE3101386053552FCDBFE2B86F7E0BA" box="[806,949,431,455]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2006-09-14">14 Sep 2006</date>
, R. Devidé, J.C.P. Alves, L.R. Paiva.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF22665B86053552FF6AF8DE84F1E6F2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280384/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[151,1436,511,1858]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BE236D386053552FF6AF8DE84F1E6F2" blockId="3.[151,1436,1882,1935]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186053552FF6AF8DE8456E60D" bold="true" box="[151,276,1882,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D5086053552FEE1F8DE8701E60D" box="[284,579,1882,1904]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bandeirante">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186053552FEE1F8DE8701E60D" box="[284,579,1882,1904]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Neoplecostomus bandeirante</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, MZUSP 110363, (male) SL = 109.9 mm, holotype from Rio Paraitinguinha in the municipality of Salesópolis.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE236D386023555FF3AFF1C802EE341" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186023555FF3AFF1C840AE1CD" bold="true" box="[199,328,152,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<typeStatus id="54E6887186023555FF3AFF1C8401E1CD" box="[199,323,152,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
All
<typeStatus id="54E6887186023555FE86FF1C84A4E1CD" box="[379,486,152,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
are from São Paulo state in
<collectingCountry id="F34A764386023555FCD6FF138630E1D2" box="[811,882,151,175]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, in the municipality of Salesópolis, Rio Paraitinguinha, Rio Tietê basin. DZSJRP 14881 (
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD5A86023555FD95FF388783E1A9" box="[616,705,188,212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CA59B3686023555FD30FF388632E1A9" box="[717,880,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.375" metricValueMax="9.54" metricValueMin="9.209999999999999" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="93.75" valueMax="95.4" valueMin="92.1">92.1–95.4 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED4CAE1686023555FC8BFF3886DAE1A9" box="[886,920,188,212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">SL</collectionCode>
) collected with
<typeStatus id="54E6887186023555FBB1FF3881F0E1A9" box="[1100,1202,188,212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. LBP 2861 (
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD5A86023555FAC3FF3880D5E1A9" box="[1342,1431,188,212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">8 males</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CA59B3686023555FF6AFF5B8408E18A" box="[151,330,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.43" metricValueMax="10.64" metricValueMin="8.22" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="94.3" valueMax="106.4" valueMin="82.2">82.2–106.4 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED4CAE1686023555FEAEFF5B8435E18A" box="[339,375,223,247]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">SL</collectionCode>
; 16 unsexed, not measured)
<geoCoordinate id="EE69501486023555FD3FFF5B8605E18A" box="[706,839,223,247]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="15" value="-23.526945">23°31’37”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE69501486023555FCADFF5B86A2E18A" box="[848,992,223,247]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="15" value="-45.76472">45°45’53”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFE3101386023555FC10FF5B81C8E18A" box="[1005,1162,223,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2005-05-20">20 May 2005</date>
, E.R.M. Martinez
<emphasis id="B929EAC186023555FA9CFF6580DEE185" box="[1377,1436,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
(GenBank numbers
<accessionNumber id="940EAB3086023555FE86FE8084B5E061" box="[379,503,260,284]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/GQ214793" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">GQ214793</accessionNumber>
to
<accessionNumber id="940EAB3086023555FDE3FE8087DCE061" box="[542,670,260,284]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/GQ214796" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">GQ214796</accessionNumber>
, and
<accessionNumber id="940EAB3086023555FD27FE80860CE061" box="[730,846,260,284]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ434534" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FJ434534</accessionNumber>
). LBP 3578 (
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD5A86023555FC14FE80810EE061" box="[1001,1100,260,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CA59B3686023555FBA4FE8081FCE061" box="[1113,1214,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.13" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="41.3">41.3 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED4CAE1686023555FB3BFE8081A8E061" box="[1222,1258,260,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">SL</collectionCode>
; 1 unsexed, not measured),
<geoCoordinate id="EE69501486023555FEE3FEA384E0E042" box="[286,418,295,319]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="15" value="-23.51111">23°30’40”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE69501486023555FE50FEA3877EE042" box="[429,572,295,319]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="15" value="-45.858887">45°51’32”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFE3101386023555FDB1FEA38798E042" box="[588,730,295,319]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2008-07-21">21 Jul 2008</date>
, R. Devidé
<emphasis id="B929EAC186023555FC97FEAD86E4E03D" box="[874,934,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
LBP 3921 (
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD5A86023555FBC6FEA381DBE042" box="[1083,1177,295,319]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CA59B3686023555FB55FEA3800DE042" box="[1192,1359,295,319]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.68" metricValueMax="9.49" metricValueMin="5.87" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="76.8" valueMax="94.9" valueMin="58.7">58.7–94.9 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED4CAE1686023555FAA7FEA3803CE042" box="[1370,1406,295,319]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">SL</collectionCode>
;
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD5A86023555FA73FEA385B3E019" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
, 59.0–
<quantity id="4CA59B3686023555FEC2FEC884E6E019" box="[319,420,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.25" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="82.5">82.5 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED4CAE1686023555FE53FEC88490E019" box="[430,466,332,356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">SL</collectionCode>
; 5 unsexed, not measured),
<geoCoordinate id="EE69501486023555FCEBFEC886D8E019" box="[790,922,332,356]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="15" value="-23.523611">23°31’25”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE69501486023555FC59FEC88176E019" box="[932,1076,332,356]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="15" value="-43.889446">43°53’22”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFE3101386023555FBBFFEC88194E019" box="[1090,1238,332,356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2006-09-14">14 Sep 2006</date>
, R. Devidé
<emphasis id="B929EAC186023555FA9CFEC980DEE019" box="[1377,1436,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
LBP 4993 (
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD5A86023555FEE3FEEB84D2E0FA" box="[286,400,367,391]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CA59B3686023555FE62FEEB8706E0FA" box="[415,580,367,391]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.755" metricValueMax="7.43" metricValueMin="4.08" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="57.55" valueMax="74.3" valueMin="40.8">40.8–74.3 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED4CAE1686023555FDB3FEEB8730E0FA" box="[590,626,367,391]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">SL</collectionCode>
; 1 unsexed, not measured),
<geoCoordinate id="EE69501486023555FC4AFEEB817EE0FA" box="[951,1084,367,391]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="15" value="-23.51111">23°30’40”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE69501486023555FBBBFEEB8197E0FA" box="[1094,1237,367,391]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="15" value="-45.858887">45°51’32”W</geoCoordinate>
, R. Devidé
<emphasis id="B929EAC186023555FA9CFEF580DEE0F5" box="[1377,1436,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED4CAE1686023555FF6AFE1085B6E0D1" box="[151,244,404,428]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MZUSP</collectionCode>
59117 (
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD5A86023555FEAEFE1084E2E0D1" box="[339,416,404,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CA59B3686023555FE56FE108752E0D1" box="[427,528,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.61" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="46.1">46.1 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED4CAE1686023555FDEAFE108779E0D1" box="[535,571,404,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">SL</collectionCode>
;
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD5A86023555FDBAFE1087E9E0D1" box="[583,683,404,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, 56.0 mm
<collectionCode id="ED4CAE1686023555FCDFFE108604E0D1" box="[802,838,404,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">SL</collectionCode>
),
<geoCoordinate id="EE69501486023555FCA6FE10869DE0D1" box="[859,991,404,428]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="15" value="-23.526945">23°31’37”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE69501486023555FC1AFE108134E0D1" box="[999,1142,404,428]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="15" value="-45.764446">45°45’52”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFE3101386023555FB7FFE108057E0D1" box="[1154,1301,404,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1999-12-17">17 Dec 1999</date>
, L.R. Malabarba
<emphasis id="B929EAC186023555FF21FE3D8456E0AD" box="[220,276,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED4CAE1686023555FEE1FE33843BE0B2" box="[284,377,439,463]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MZUSP</collectionCode>
59118 (
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD5A86023555FE2AFE338778E0B2" box="[471,570,439,463]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CA59B3686023555FDB8FE3387EBE0B2" box="[581,681,439,463]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.82" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="58.2">58.2 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED4CAE1686023555FD4DFE338796E0B2" box="[688,724,439,463]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">SL</collectionCode>
),
<geoCoordinate id="EE69501486023555FD15FE33862EE0B2" box="[744,876,439,463]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="15" value="-23.583889">23°35’02”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE69501486023555FC89FE338141E0B2" box="[884,1027,439,463]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="15" value="-45.77861">45°46’43”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFE3101386023555FBF3FE3381E3E0B2" box="[1038,1185,439,463]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1999-12-17">17 Dec 1999</date>
, L.R. Malabarba
<emphasis id="B929EAC186023555FA99FE3D80DEE0AD" box="[1380,1436,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED4CAE1686023555FF6AFE5885B6E089" box="[151,244,476,500]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MZUSP</collectionCode>
59139 (1 unsexed, not measured),
<geoCoordinate id="EE69501486023555FD7DFE588646E089" box="[640,772,476,500]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="15" value="-23.526945">23°31’37”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE69501486023555FCF1FE5886DEE089" box="[780,924,476,500]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="15" value="-45.764446">45°45’52”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFE3101386023555FC55FE588179E089" box="[936,1083,476,500]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1999-12-17">17 Dec 1999</date>
, L.R. Malabarba
<emphasis id="B929EAC186023555FB02FE598075E089" box="[1279,1335,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED4CAE1686023555FAC3FE5880D9E089" box="[1342,1435,476,500]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MZUSP</collectionCode>
87141 (6 unsexed, not measured), coordinates unknown,
<date id="FFE3101386023555FCE8FE7B86EFE36A" box="[789,941,511,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1999-05-15">15 May 1999</date>
, M.R. Britto
<emphasis id="B929EAC186023555FBC2FD858135E365" box="[1087,1143,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
NUP 6103 (
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD5A86023555FAFBFE7B8010E36A" box="[1286,1362,511,535]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CA59B3686023555FAA0FE7B8581E341" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.017" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="101.7">101.7 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED4CAE1686023555FF34FDA085AFE341" box="[201,237,548,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">SL</collectionCode>
;
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD5A86023555FF04FDA0841FE341" box="[249,349,548,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CA59B3686023555FE95FDA0848EE341" box="[360,460,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.43" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="74.3">74.3 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED4CAE1686023555FE2EFDA084B5E341" box="[467,503,548,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">SL</collectionCode>
; 18 unsexed, not measured);
<geoCoordinate id="EE69501486023555FCC0FDA08683E341" box="[829,961,548,572]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="15" value="-23.51111">23°30’40”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE69501486023555FC35FDA08115E341" box="[968,1111,548,572]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="15" value="-45.858887">45°51’32”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFE3101386023555FB9EFDA081ABE341" box="[1123,1257,548,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2008-07-21">21 Jul 2008</date>
, R. Devidé.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C347655886023555FF3AFDC387BDE2D9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE236D386023555FF3AFDC387BDE2D9" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186023555FF3AFDC38401E31D" bold="true" box="[199,323,583,608]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D5086023555FEB1FDCC87D7E31D" box="[332,661,584,608]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bandeirante">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186023555FEB1FDCC87D7E31D" box="[332,661,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Neoplecostomus bandeirante</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from all other congeners by the presence of moderate keels along each lateral series of plates (vs. keels absent in all series of plates, see
<figureCitation id="13662A5686023555FBF6FDE8812FE3F9" box="[1035,1133,620,644]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1852,1875]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,195,1828]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lateral keels. (a) Neoplecostomus bandeirante, LBP 3921, 109.9 mm SL, moderate keels along each lateral series of plates. (b) Neoplecostomus botucatu, NUP 8015, 90.7 mm, keels absent in all series of plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280385/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 2</figureCitation>
), and by first plates in the mid-ventral series that are smaller in length than the area surrounding each plate (vs. greater, see
<figureCitation id="13662A5686023555FB1FFD0B8001E3DA" box="[1250,1347,655,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1741,1764]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,375,1717]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lateral series of plates in two specimens of Neoplecostomus. (a) Neoplecostomus bandeirante, LBP 3921 109.9 mm SL, bar = 0.78 mm. (b) Neoplecostomus botucatu, NUP 8015, 90.7 mm, bar = 1.24 mm. ml = mid-lateral series; mv = midventral series; v = ventral series." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280386/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 3</figureCitation>
). These characteristics are more evident in mature males. Additionally,
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D5086023555FC8EFD31815FE3B1" box="[883,1053,692,716]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bandeirante">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186023555FC8EFD31815FE3B1" box="[883,1053,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. bandeirante</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from all other congeners, except
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D5086023555FF1BFD5D8419E38D" box="[230,347,728,752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="selenae">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186023555FF1BFD5D8419E38D" box="[230,347,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. selenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D5086023555FE6CFD5D84A5E38D" box="[401,487,729,752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yapo">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186023555FE6CFD5D84A5E38D" box="[401,487,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. yapo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, due to the presence of odontodes along the snout margin and the ridge over the eyes that are slightly larger than the remaining odontodes on the head (vs. odontodes along the snout margin and ridge over eyes similar in length to the remaining odontodes on the head).
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D5086023555FC59FCA481A9E245" box="[932,1259,800,824]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bandeirante">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186023555FC59FCA481A9E245" box="[932,1259,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Neoplecostomus bandeirante</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D5086023555FA7FFCA585A9E221" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="selenae">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186023555FA7FFCA585A9E221" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. selenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D5086023555FED9FCC1843FE221" box="[292,381,837,860]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yapo">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186023555FED9FCC1843FE221" box="[292,381,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. yapo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of a swollen integument around the enlarged odontodes on the snout margin and the ridge over the eyes in mature males (vs. presence of swollen integument around the enlarged odontodes on the snout margin and ridge over eyes in mature males).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C347655886023556FF3AFC2B86F6E019" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE236D386023555FF3AFC2B864BE501" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186023555FF3AFC2B8419E2B5" bold="true" box="[199,347,943,968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description:</emphasis>
The counts and measurements are presented in
<tableCitation id="C6DF036886023555FC87FC2B868DE2BA" box="[890,975,943,967]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[119,207,524,548]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data and counts of Neoplecostomus bandeirante, N. langeanii and N. botucatu. CP = caudal peduncle, IO = interorbital length, OD = orbital di-" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Table 1</tableCitation>
. Body elongated and depressed; greatest width at cleithrum, narrowing to caudal peduncle. Dorsal body profile gently convex, elevating from snout tip to dorsal-fin origin and descending to first procurrent caudal-fin ray; greatest body depth at dorsal-fin origin. Trunk and caudal peduncle dorsally rounded in cross-section; body ventrally flattened to anal-fin origin, flattened to slightly rounded to caudal fin. Dorsal body surface completely covered by dermal plates, except for naked area around dorsal-fin base. Snout tip with small naked area.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE236D386023555FF3AFB038756E751" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Ventral head surface naked except for plated area bearing odontodes in front of gill openings; abdomen with conspicuous, small dermal platelets between insertions of pectoral and pelvic fins, forming thoracic shield surrounded by naked areas. Head wide and depressed; head and snout rounded in dorsal view; interorbital space straight to slightly concave in frontal view; median ridge formed by mesethmoid rising from snout tip to area between nares, more evident in larger specimens; pronounced ridge from nares to superior margin of orbit. Snout convex in lateral profile; moderately enlarged odontodes and slightly swollen skin along lateral margins of snout, more evident in mature males. Eye moderately small (
<quantity id="4CA59B3686023555FD08FADB86C9E405" box="[757,907,1375,1400]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.75" metricValueMax="10.8" metricValueMin="6.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="8.75" valueMax="10.8" valueMin="6.7">6.7–10.8 mm</quantity>
of HL), dorsolaterally placed. Lips well developed and rounded; lower lip far from reaching pectoral girdle and covered with papillae, wider anteriorly; two to three irregular and conspicuous rows of large and transversally flattened papillae, just posterior to dentary teeth; posterior row of papillae distributed along entire dentary ramus. Maxillary barbel short, coalesced, usually its tip not free from lower lip. Teeth long, slender and bicuspid; mesial cusp longer than lateral; dentary ramus forming an angle of approximately 125–130º.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE236D386023555FF3AF9B38606E6A1" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Dorsal-fin origin slightly posterior to vertical passing through pelvic-fin origin; nuchal plate not covered by skin; dorsal-fin spinelet half-moon shaped and slightly wider than dorsal-fin spine base; dorsal-fin locking mechanism absent; dorsal fin with one flexible spine followed by seven branched rays; its posterior margin slightly rounded, not reaching the end of pelvic-fin rays when adpressed. Well-developed and always present adipose fin, preceded by azygous plate. Pectoral fin with one spine and six branched rays; spine depressed and curved inward (more pronounced in larger specimens), shorter than longest branched ray; posterior margin slightly concave, reaching half pelvic-fin ray length when adpressed. Pelvic fin with one unbranched ray and five branched rays; posterior margin nearly straight, reaching anal-fin insertion in most of the specimens when adpressed; pelvic-fin unbranched ray ventrally flattened, with dermal flap on its dorsal surface in males. Anal fin with one flexible unbranched ray and five branched rays; posterior margin nearly straight. Caudal fin furcate; lower lobe longer than upper; 14 branched rays. Pectoral spine and unbranched pelvic-fin rays with odontodes on lateral and ventral portions; anal-fin unbranched ray with odontodes only ventrally.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF22665B86033554FF6AF8B88123E60C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280385/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[151,1436,195,1827]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BE236D386033554FF6AF8B88123E60C" blockId="5.[151,1436,1852,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186033554FF6AF8B88451E62C" bold="true" box="[151,275,1852,1875]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Lateral keels. (a)
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D5086033554FE31F8B887B1E62F" box="[460,755,1852,1874]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bandeirante">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186033554FE31F8B887B1E62F" box="[460,755,1852,1874]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Neoplecostomus bandeirante</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, LBP3921, 109.9 mm SL, moderate keels along each lateral series of plates. (b)
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D5086033554FEE3F8DF8761E60C" box="[286,547,1883,1905]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="botucatu">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186033554FEE3F8DF8761E60C" box="[286,547,1883,1905]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Neoplecostomus botucatu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, NUP8015, 90.7 mm, keels absent in all series of plates.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE236D386033557FF3AF81986F9E042" blockId="5.[151,1436,1949,2010]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,319]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186033554FF3AF81984CDE6CB" bold="true" box="[199,399,1949,1974]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Color in alcohol:</emphasis>
Ground color of dorsal surface of head and body grayish; head, dorsum, flanks and fins covered by some inconspicuous lighter dots of variable sizes. Dorsal color pattern, even in mature larger individuals, retains the generic juvenile color pattern of five transverse dark bands: the first through supraoccipital, the second anterior to dorsal fin, the third posterior to dorsal fin, the fourth at adipose fin, and the last at caudal-peduncle posterior portion. Head usually with two light, short and parallel lines anterior to nares, bordering the naked area on snout tip; a pale spot on naked area of snout tip. Orbital margin slightly lighter, mainly on its superior portion; small pale spot on interorbital space, inconspicuous in some specimens.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF22665B86003557FF6AF94984A2E65C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280386/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[151,1436,375,1716]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BE236D386003557FF6AF94984A2E65C" blockId="6.[151,1436,1741,1825]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186003557FF6AF9498456E79E" bold="true" box="[151,276,1741,1764]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Lateral series of plates in two specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D5086003557FD14F94A86CDE799" box="[745,911,1742,1764]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186003557FD14F94A86CDE799" box="[745,911,1742,1764]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Neoplecostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (a)
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D5086003557FC3FF94A81A9E799" box="[962,1259,1742,1764]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bandeirante">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186003557FC3FF94A81A9E799" box="[962,1259,1742,1764]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Neoplecostomus bandeirante</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, LBP3921 109.9 mm SL, bar = 0.78 mm. (b)
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D5086003557FE49F96987FBE67E" box="[436,697,1773,1795]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="botucatu">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186003557FE49F96987FBE67E" box="[436,697,1773,1795]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Neoplecostomus botucatu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, NUP8015, 90.7 mm, bar = 1.24 mm. ml = mid-lateral series; mv = midventral series; v = ventral series.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE236D386003556FF3AF8CA87E7E1A9" blockId="6.[151,1436,1870,2002]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,356]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lateral portion of body with an upper darker region and a lower lighter one, just below lateral line, not easily visualized in large specimens. Dorsal fin with irregular series of dark spots on rays. Caudal fin irregularly dark at base and distal portion of rays, leaving two lighter areas on median portion and rays tips, in some specimens. Pectoral, pelvic, anal and adipose fins with dark dots forming irregular bands usually diffuse. Ventral surface of head and abdomen mostly unpigmented, except lateral margins of body and from pelvic fin to caudal-fin base. Upper lip dark brown, except for its light narrow margin.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE236D386013556FF3AFF5B86F6E019" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,356]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186013556FF3AFF5B84F8E185" bold="true" box="[199,442,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Sexual dimorphism:</emphasis>
Males bear a papilla in the urogenital opening, and a membrane along dorsal portion of the unbranched pelvic-fin ray (
<figureCitation id="13662A5686013556FE0FFE808714E061" box="[498,598,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1421,1444]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1394]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,411,1395]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Sexual dimorphism in Neoplecostomus species. (a) Dorsal view of a male Neoplecostomus botucatu, MZUSP 110362, 84.3 mm SL; (b) Picture corresponding to the highlighted area in (a) showing the membrane in the pelvic fin; (c) Ventral view of a male Neoplecostomus botucatu, MZUSP 110362, 84.3 mm SL; (d) Picture corresponding to the highlighted area in (c) showing the urogenital papilla; (e) Dorsal view of a female Neoplecostomus botucatu, LBP 8065, 75.3 mm SL; (f) Picture corresponding to the highlighted area in (e) showing the absence of a membrane in the pelvic fin; (g) Ventral view of a female Neoplecostomus botucatu, LBP 8065, 75.3 mm SL; (h) Picture corresponding to the highlighted area in (g) showing the absence of a urogenital papilla. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280387/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 4</figureCitation>
). These characters were observed in nominal
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D5086013556FBA1FE808056E061" box="[1116,1300,260,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186013556FBA1FE808056E061" box="[1116,1300,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Neoplecostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species and in the three new species described herein. Males seem to reach a greater length as seen in the
<typeStatus id="54E6887186013556FB4FFEAC8062E03D" box="[1202,1312,296,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, and odontodes on head seem to be slightly more evident on larger mature males.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF22665B86013556FF6AFA0987DFE721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280387/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[151,1436,411,1394]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BE236D386013556FF6AFA0987DFE721" blockId="7.[151,1436,1421,1628]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186013556FF6AFA098457E4DF" bold="true" box="[151,277,1421,1444]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Sexual dimorphism in
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D5086013556FDF3FA0987F6E4DE" box="[526,692,1421,1443]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186013556FDF3FA0987F6E4DE" box="[526,692,1421,1443]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Neoplecostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. (a) Dorsal view of a male
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D5086013556FBCDFA098075E4DE" box="[1072,1335,1421,1443]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="botucatu">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186013556FBCDFA098075E4DE" box="[1072,1335,1421,1443]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Neoplecostomus botucatu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, MZUSP 110362, 84.3 mm SL; (b) Picture corresponding to the highlighted area in (a) showing the membrane in the pelvic fin; (c) Ventral view of a male
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D5086013556FEA1FA4F8720E49C" box="[348,610,1483,1505]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="botucatu">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186013556FEA1FA4F8720E49C" box="[348,610,1483,1505]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Neoplecostomus botucatu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, MZUSP 110362, 84.3 mm SL; (d) Picture corresponding to the highlighted area in (c) showing the urogenital papilla; (e) Dorsal view of a female
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D5086013556FCD4FA6E816FE77D" box="[809,1069,1514,1536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="botucatu">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186013556FCD4FA6E816FE77D" box="[809,1069,1514,1536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Neoplecostomus botucatu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, LBP 8065, 75.3 mm SL; (f) Picture corresponding to the highlighted area in (e) showing the absence of a membrane in the pelvic fin; (g) Ventral view of a female
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D5086013556FF6AF9A384E2E740" box="[151,416,1575,1597]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="botucatu">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186013556FF6AF9A384E2E740" box="[151,416,1575,1597]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Neoplecostomus botucatu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, LBP 8065, 75.3 mm SL; (h) Picture corresponding to the highlighted area in (g) showing the absence of a urogenital papilla. Scale bars = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C347655886013556FF3AF9288611E794" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE236D386013556FF3AF9288611E794" blockId="7.[151,1436,1708,1985]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186013556FF3AF9288420E7B8" bold="true" box="[199,354,1708,1733]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distribution:</emphasis>
The species is found only in the type-locality of Rio Paraitinguinha, Rio Tietê basin, in the municipality of Salesópolis, São Paulo state,
<collectingCountry id="F34A764386013556FD6CF9558797E794" box="[657,725,1745,1769]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13662A5686013556FD1EF9558607E794" box="[739,837,1745,1769]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1133,1156]" captionTargetBox="[166,1419,215,1099]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,197,1112]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Distribution of Neoplecostomus samples used in the molecular analysis. Yellow triangles refer to the former, nominal species and red triangles refer to the new species. The geographic position is shown in the Table 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280388/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C347655886013556FF3AF9718759E6BC" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE236D386013556FF3AF9718759E6BC" blockId="7.[151,1436,1708,1985]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186013556FF3AF9718413E670" bold="true" box="[199,337,1781,1805]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Etymology:</emphasis>
This species was named
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D5086013556FD8DF97187B5E670" box="[624,759,1781,1805]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bandeirante">
<emphasis id="B929EAC186013556FD8DF97187B5E670" box="[624,759,1781,1805]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">bandeirante</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in honor of the early explorers of São Paulo, who, from the beginning of the 16th to the 18th centuries, ventured into the unmapped interior of
<collectingCountry id="F34A764386013556FB9CF89D81E4E64C" box="[1121,1190,1817,1841]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brazil</collectingCountry>
in excursions named “bandeiras”. The purpose of the excursions was to hunt for indigenous people and submit them to enslavement and to search for mineral wealth, such as silver, gold, and diamonds. Despite playing an apparent negative role in history, their work was essential for the establishment of new cities and for the geographic demarcation of the Brazilian territory. A noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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