<mods:titleid="F38C61BF8853C6ED5111F407CD0A061C">Systematic revision of the South American “ Nuncia ” (Opiliones, Laniatores, Triaenonychidae)</mods:title>
<mods:affiliationid="54B95D568BBE059D02F0B4CC50DC3E70">División Aracnología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales – CONICET, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, C 1405 DJR Buenos Aires, Argentina & Sección Aracnología y Miriapodología, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Paseo del Bosque s / n, (1900) La Plata, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="75060EA8AE4DAB5B7839B6251ADE0C0E">Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA & San Diego Natural History Museum, Department of Entomology, San Diego, CA 92101, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="EC0724031560E5C408B4151A994615C9">Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="B00318F89BFCA4EF91270F7D0C57B414">División Aracnología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales – CONICET, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, C 1405 DJR Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
<taxonomicNameid="033FAEDA08BE57CB4164776E3976889B"authorityName="Porto & Derkarabetian & Giribet & Pérez-González"authorityYear="2024"class="Arachnida"family="Triaenonychidae"genus="Nerudiella"kingdom="Animalia"order="Opiliones"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="caramavida"status="sp. nov.">
<figureCitationid="8F973F851BEAB972BA100D2C0302E613"captionStart="Figure 80"captionStartId="F80"captionText="Figure 80. Nerudiella caramavida sp. nov. habitus, male A dorsal view C lateral view E ventral view. Female B dorsal view D lateral view F ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm. Species of Clade C, see Fig. 3."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.120068.figure80"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1090693">Figs 80</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="4CBFD353DEB5FD6BE62698C3D0B85D9C"captionStart="Figure 81"captionStartId="F81"captionText="Figure 81. Nerudiella caramavida sp. nov. male, SEM images of habitus A dorsal view B lateral view C, D ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B, C); 500 µm (D)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.120068.figure81"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1090694">81</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="13A36A3912A2C5A52482DA14CFD69D00"captionStart="Figure 82"captionStartId="F82"captionText="Figure 82. Nerudiella caramavida sp. nov. chelicerae: mesal A ectal B pedipalps: mesal C ectal D. Scale bars: 200 µm (A, B); 500 µm (C, D)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.120068.figure82"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1090695">82</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="FEADDF5B1D9B2FCBFC7E1B241CE3B921"captionStart="Figure 83"captionStartId="F83"captionText="Figure 83. Nerudiella caramavida sp. nov. legs I A II B III C IV D. Scale bars: 500 µm (A, B, D); 200 µm (C)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.120068.figure83"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1090696">83</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="55E838EC981970387F54CEE715884E6E"captionStart="Figure 84"captionStartId="F84"captionText="Figure 84. Nerudiella caramavida sp. nov. penis: ventral A, B apical C lateral D, E dorsal F, G. Scale bars: 200 µm (A, D, F); 50 µm (B, C, E, G)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.120068.figure84"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1090697">84</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="4B1402307E63CD078E157A2209AFD22A"captionStart="Figure 85"captionStartId="F85"captionText="Figure 85. Nerudiella caramavida sp. nov. penis: ventral A apical B lateral C dorsal D. Colors: ventral plate (yellow), capsula externa (blue), capsula interna (red). Scale bars: 50 µm (A – C); 200 µm (D)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.120068.figure85"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1090698">85</figureCitation>
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(
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<taxonomicNameid="EE60B9CE056C672260BD5E4AF02A20A4"authorityName="Porto & Derkarabetian & Giribet & Pérez-González"authorityYear="2024"class="Arachnida"family="Triaenonychidae"genus="Nerudiella"kingdom="Animalia"order="Opiliones"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="caramavida">
<paragraphid="FA5D47642C1785E89FC0B5B9EC574281">This species can be easily distinguished from its congeners by the capsula interna of the male genitalia, which has two long lateral processes.</paragraph>
<figureCitationid="7D43227F45D87D206F71C5DA16AE35BA"captionStart="Figure 4"captionStartId="F4"captionText="Figure 4. Maps showing the distribution of the species used in this work. South America (Chile and western Argentina inset). Chile in green, Argentina / South America in grey. Terrestrial ecoregions (following Olson et al. 2001) highlighted in yellow (Chilean Matorral) and orange (Valdivian temperate forests)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.120068.figure4"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1090610">4 F</figureCitation>
<paragraphid="358B5EA4EE88C448B9FD84A0C468C03F">Measurements: Total length 2.74, carapace length 1.1, dorsal scutum length 2.05, carapace max. width 1.37, mesotergum max. width 1.96. Appendage measurements: Pedipalps. Trochanter length 0.20, femora length 0.92, patella length 0.40, tibia length 0.62, tarsus length 0.83. Leg I: trochanter (tr) 0.20, femora (fe) 0.85, patella (pa) 0.46, tibia (ti) 0.62, metatarsus (mt) 0.78, tarsus (ta) 0.65. II: tr 0.25, fe 1.84, pa 0.57, ti 0.90, mt 1.31, ta 1.29. III: tr 0.31, fe 0.79, pa 0.38, ti 0.64, mt 0.66, ta 0.60. IV: tr 0.31, fe 1.08, pa 0.63, ti 0.88, mt 1.04, ta 0.82.</paragraph>
<paragraphid="819D082BD5F8009F40C4A96172783E4F">
Dorsum (Fig.
<figureCitationid="89AE846F5F9D4C0F077FB677F620D56C"captionStart="Figure 80"captionStartId="F80"captionText="Figure 80. Nerudiella caramavida sp. nov. habitus, male A dorsal view C lateral view E ventral view. Female B dorsal view D lateral view F ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm. Species of Clade C, see Fig. 3."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.120068.figure80"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1090693">80</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="92F8A0BEF9E39585A938851FD6AF5BB7"captionStart="Figure 81"captionStartId="F81"captionText="Figure 81. Nerudiella caramavida sp. nov. male, SEM images of habitus A dorsal view B lateral view C, D ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B, C); 500 µm (D)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.120068.figure81"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1090694">81</figureCitation>
). Eta (η) hourglass-shaped dorsal scutum. Ocularium low and rounded, pointing a bit forward. Dorsal scutum microgranulate. Mesotergal areas of dorsal scutum not well delimited; with small setiferous tubercles. Free tergites with two rows of small setiferous tubercles.
<taxonomicNameid="01782BB661741F86EFD4C4C6BBD08E74"authorityName="Porto & Derkarabetian & Giribet & Pérez-González"authorityYear="2024"class="Arachnida"family="Triaenonychidae"genus="Nerudiella"kingdom="Animalia"order="Opiliones"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="caramavida"status="sp. nov.">
ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm. Species of Clade C, see Fig.
<figureCitationid="49961EE5D5F7C25CAF19735D7C1B5FF1"captionStart="Figure 3"captionStartId="F3"captionText="Figure 3. Phylogenetics relationships of Triaenonychidae, with clade names as discussed in the main text. Phylogeny is derived from the IQ-TREE analysis. Nodes without circles have < 95 % bootstrap support to AH-aLR and UFBoot."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.120068.figure3"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1090609">3</figureCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="216E2403778C0BB80D6F52D5BBD907CA"authorityName="Porto & Derkarabetian & Giribet & Pérez-González"authorityYear="2024"class="Arachnida"family="Triaenonychidae"genus="Nerudiella"kingdom="Animalia"order="Opiliones"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="caramavida"status="sp. nov.">
<figureCitationid="E3C5C51A0BDF9E69998588036CE14B0C"captionStart="Figure 82"captionStartId="F82"captionText="Figure 82. Nerudiella caramavida sp. nov. chelicerae: mesal A ectal B pedipalps: mesal C ectal D. Scale bars: 200 µm (A, B); 500 µm (C, D)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.120068.figure82"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1090695">82 A, B</figureCitation>
). Segment I with an acute tubercle on the dorso-distal surface. Segment II with two mesal setiferous tubercles and 7–8 small setiferous tubercles, with one triangular tubercle more prominent than others in frontal view.
<taxonomicNameid="D8D78FBFCE51A4D80B5B6FE6A43CF0A8"authorityName="Porto & Derkarabetian & Giribet & Pérez-González"authorityYear="2024"class="Arachnida"family="Triaenonychidae"genus="Nerudiella"kingdom="Animalia"order="Opiliones"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="caramavida"status="sp. nov.">
<figureCitationid="C5B5BE21EF4E3944158F1DB55F1FB8B2"captionStart="Figure 82"captionStartId="F82"captionText="Figure 82. Nerudiella caramavida sp. nov. chelicerae: mesal A ectal B pedipalps: mesal C ectal D. Scale bars: 200 µm (A, B); 500 µm (C, D)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.120068.figure82"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1090695">82 C, D</figureCitation>
). Trochanter with tiny dorsal and ventral tubercles. Femora with two robust ventral-proximal tubercles and four minor ventral-distal tubercles. Additionally, with a row of setiferous tubercles along dorsal surface of femora, with the three largest tubercles located in the proximal section. Patella with two small ventral-ectal tubercles and two small ventral-mesal tubercles. Tibia with two rows of weaker apical tubercles and two rows of minor ventral tubercles. Tarsus characterized by three mesal and ectal spines; Also, with a few setae and subdistal setae in this region.
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="3677F65FBB91BF991263BE64BC7A9CD0">
Legs (Fig.
<figureCitationid="81E56C284240722DF9173767A7212E99"captionStart="Figure 83"captionStartId="F83"captionText="Figure 83. Nerudiella caramavida sp. nov. legs I A II B III C IV D. Scale bars: 500 µm (A, B, D); 200 µm (C)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.120068.figure83"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1090696">83</figureCitation>
). Segment I with nine or ten setiferous tubercles; segment II with 18–20 setiferous tubercles; segment IV with five or six small tubercles connected to the opisthosoma. Spiracles not obstructed by bridges. Smooth areas with ~ 1 / 3 of leg II smooth, with two or three small tubercles on each side featuring subdistal setae. The smooth portion extends to ¾ of leg III and <1 / 3 of leg IV. Sternum arrow-shaped. Legs smooth, with notch in tarsus I. Tarsal count: 3–6 / 7 – 4 – 4.
<taxonomicNameid="C129E68E5A085970143DC815E8AAA1BA"authorityName="Porto & Derkarabetian & Giribet & Pérez-González"authorityYear="2024"class="Arachnida"family="Triaenonychidae"genus="Nerudiella"kingdom="Animalia"order="Opiliones"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="caramavida"status="sp. nov.">
<figureCitationid="31E8BE8DAA2191C076F693AFCC44625D"captionStart="Figure 84"captionStartId="F84"captionText="Figure 84. Nerudiella caramavida sp. nov. penis: ventral A, B apical C lateral D, E dorsal F, G. Scale bars: 200 µm (A, D, F); 50 µm (B, C, E, G)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.120068.figure84"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1090697">84</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="44A252EF838399655DD3E1AD71C9444A"captionStart="Figure 85"captionStartId="F85"captionText="Figure 85. Nerudiella caramavida sp. nov. penis: ventral A apical B lateral C dorsal D. Colors: ventral plate (yellow), capsula externa (blue), capsula interna (red). Scale bars: 50 µm (A – C); 200 µm (D)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.120068.figure85"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1090698">85</figureCitation>
). Pars distalis with a large ventral plate bearing a cleft that divides the plate into two halves. Each half with three pointed macrosetae on the ventral surface and one macroseta on the dorsal surface. Capsula externa covering dorsal and lateral surface, its apical region U-shaped. With a dorsolateral plate attached to the pars basalis. Capsula interna longer than the capsula externa, which has a long lateral process, perpendicular to the axis of the genitalia, with a visible stylus in its apical portion.
<taxonomicNameid="E612EB31C8A41D5B7C06630EA9DA6AEB"authorityName="Porto & Derkarabetian & Giribet & Pérez-González"authorityYear="2024"class="Arachnida"family="Triaenonychidae"genus="Nerudiella"kingdom="Animalia"order="Opiliones"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="caramavida"status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicNameid="EAE6EEB32ECE4FBF2B77CAA3D316B4DA"authorityName="Porto & Derkarabetian & Giribet & Pérez-González"authorityYear="2024"class="Arachnida"family="Triaenonychidae"genus="Nerudiella"kingdom="Animalia"order="Opiliones"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="caramavida"status="sp. nov.">
