158 lines
18 KiB
XML
158 lines
18 KiB
XML
|
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.288.4095" ID-GBIF-Dataset="43b6b64a-b86b-4c0b-afcc-229ccecb6e16" ID-PMC="PMC3690914" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-288-1" ID-PubMed="23798897" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-288-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 288" ModsDocTitle="Generic revision and species classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae)" checkinTime="1451247431953" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Reemer, Menno & Stahls, Gunilla" docDate="2013" docId="8E2F6D818EB59068861AEE383CDA74DE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 288: 1-213" docOrigin="ZooKeys 288" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.288.4095" docTitle="Schizoceratomyia Carrera, Lopes & Lane" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="64" masterDocId="582E2572FFD0FFB3884E8864FFF1A15A" masterDocTitle="Generic revision and species classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae)" masterLastPageNumber="213" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="63" updateTime="1668155636847" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
|
|
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
|
|
<mods:title>Generic revision and species classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae)</mods:title>
|
||
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
|
|
<mods:role>
|
||
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
|
|
</mods:role>
|
||
|
|
<mods:namePart>Reemer, Menno</mods:namePart>
|
||
|
|
</mods:name>
|
||
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
|
|
<mods:role>
|
||
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
|
|
</mods:role>
|
||
|
|
<mods:namePart>Stahls, Gunilla</mods:namePart>
|
||
|
|
</mods:name>
|
||
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
|
|
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
|
|
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
|
|
<mods:part>
|
||
|
|
<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
|
||
|
|
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
|
|
<mods:number>288</mods:number>
|
||
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
||
|
|
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
|
|
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
|
|
<mods:end>213</mods:end>
|
||
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
||
|
|
</mods:part>
|
||
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
|
|
<mods:location>
|
||
|
|
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.288.4095</mods:url>
|
||
|
|
</mods:location>
|
||
|
|
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
|
|
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.288.4095</mods:identifier>
|
||
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-288-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
||
|
|
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152042638" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E2F6D818EB59068861AEE383CDA74DE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E2F6D818EB59068861AEE383CDA74DE" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
|
||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Schizoceratomyia" authority="Carrera, Lopes & Lane" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Schizoceratomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizoceratomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schizoceratomyia Carrera, Lopes & Lane</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
Figs 356-363
|
||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="reference_group">
|
||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Schizoceratomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizoceratomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schizoceratomyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
Carrera, Lopes & Lane, 1947a: 245. Type species:
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Schizoceratomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizoceratomyia barretoi" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barretoi">Schizoceratomyia barretoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
Carrera, Lopes & Lane 1947a: 245, by original designation.
|
||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Johnsoniodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Johnsoniodon" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Johnsoniodon</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
Curran, 1947: 1. Type species:
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Johnsoniodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Johnsoniodon malleri" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malleri">Johnsoniodon malleri</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
Curran, 1947: 1, by original designation. See
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Papavero, N" journalOrPublisher="Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="317 - 326" title="Quatro novas especies de Microdontinae do Brasil (Diptera, Syrphidae)." volume="15" year="1962">Papavero (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
for synonymy.
|
||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="description">
|
||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Body length: 4-9 mm. Broadly built flies with long antennae (bifrucate in male) and oval abdomen. Head wider than thorax. Face slightly convex or medially concave; wider than an eye. Mouth parts weakly developed, small; oral opening small and round, with lateral margins not produced. Vertex more or less flat, not strongly produced or convex. Frontal ocellus normal, split in two medially or absent. Occiput ventrally narrow, dorsally weakly widened. Eye bare. Eyes in male not or only slightly converging at level of frons, with mutual distance 3-4 times the width of antennal fossa. Antennal fossa about as wide as high. Antenna longer than distance between antennal fossa and anterior oral margin. Basoflagellomere longer than scape, bifurcate in male, in some species also in female; both branches long pilose, especially on inner side; in one (undescribed) species occupied with more than 20 long, narrow tubercles. Arista in male well-developed (longer than pedicel) or reduced to a small stump (shorter than pedicel); in female well-developed, sometimes almost as long as basoflagellomere and thickened. Postpronotum pilose or bare. Scutellum semicircular; without calcars. Anepisternum convex, sometimes with weak sulcus in dorsal 1/4; pilose on dorsal 2/3 to 3/4. Anepimeron pilose on dorsal 3/4 to 1/4, or only along posterior margin. Katepimeron convex; bare; smooth. Wing: vein R4+5 without posterior appendix; vein M1 straight and perpendicular to vein R4+5, or with weak outward angle in anterior 1/2; postero-apical corner of cell r4+5 rectangular to widely rounded, with or without small appendix; crossvein r-m located between basal 1/8 and 1/4 of cell dm. Abdomen dorsoventrally flattened; more oval, with largest width at tergite 3; 1.5-2 times as long as wide. Tergites 3 and 4 fused. Male genitalia: phallus furcate near apex, straight or apically bent ventrad, projecting not or hardly beyond apex of hypandrium; hypandrium with bulb-like base; epandrium without ventrolateral ridge; surstylus unfurcate, elongate or wide.</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="diagnosis">
|
||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Vein R4+5 without posterior appendix. Abdomen oval. Antenna longer than distance between antennal fossa and anterior oral margin. Antenna inserted below dorsal eye margin. Vertex more or less flat. Katepisternum bare. Metasternum bare.</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="discussion">
|
||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="63" pageNumber="64" start="start">Discussion</pageBreakToken>
|
||
|
|
.
|
||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Hull, FM" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Zoological Society" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="257 - 408" title="The morphology and inter-relationships of the genera of syrphid flies, recent and fossil." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1949.tb00224.x" volume="26" year="1949">Hull (1949)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
and
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Papavero, N" journalOrPublisher="Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="317 - 326" title="Quatro novas especies de Microdontinae do Brasil (Diptera, Syrphidae)." volume="15" year="1962">Papavero (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
treated
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Schizoceratomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizoceratomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schizoceratomyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
as a synonym of
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Masarygus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Masarygus" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Masarygus</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
. See
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Masarygus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Masarygus" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Masarygus</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
for discussion on this synonymy, which is not followed here. These authors, as well as
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Cheng, X-Y" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="21 - 48" title="A generic conspectus of the Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) with the description of two new genera from Africa and China." volume="1879" year="2008">Cheng and Thompson (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
also considered
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Johnsoniodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Johnsoniodon" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Johnsoniodon</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
as a synonym of
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Schizoceratomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizoceratomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schizoceratomyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
, as is also done in the present paper. Although in the two species originally included in
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Schizoceratomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizoceratomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schizoceratomyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
(
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Schizoceratomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizoceratomyia barretoi" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barretoi">Schizoceratomyia barretoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
Carrera, Lopes & Lane, 1947 and
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Schizoceratomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizoceratomyia flavipes" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">Schizoceratomyia flavipes</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
Carrera, Lopes & Lane, 1947) the basoflagellomere is bifurcate in the male only, whereas in
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Johnsoniodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Johnsoniodon" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Johnsoniodon</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
this character is found in the female, these taxa are otherwise very similar.
|
||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
|
|
Apparently,
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Curran, CH" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="1 - 2" title="A fissicorn syrphid fly from Brazil (Diptera)." volume="1347" year="1947">Curran (1947)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
was unaware of the description of
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Schizoceratomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizoceratomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schizoceratomyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
by
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Carrera, M" journalOrPublisher="Brasil-Medico" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="245 - 246" title="Um novo genero e duas especies de Microdontinae (Diptera - Syrphidae)." volume="61" year="1947 a">Carrera et al. (1947a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
,
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Carrera, M" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Biologia" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="471 - 486" title="Contribuicao ao conhecimento dos " Microdontinae " neotropicos e descicao de duas novas especies de " Nausigaster " Williston (Diptera, Syrphidae)." volume="7" year="1947 b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
) when his description of
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Johnsoniodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Johnsoniodon malleri" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malleri">Johnsoniodon malleri</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
Curran, 1947 was published, as this happened almost simultaneously. According to
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="van Doesburg, Sr PH" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the Fauna of Suriname and other Guyanas" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="61 - 107" title="Syrphidae from Suriname. Additional records and descriptions." volume="9" year="1966">Van Doesburg (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
, the name
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Schizoceratomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizoceratomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schizoceratomyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
was published on the 3rd of July 1947, and
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Johnsoniodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Johnsoniodon" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Johnsoniodon</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
on 14th of July 1947.
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Cheng, X-Y" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="21 - 48" title="A generic conspectus of the Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) with the description of two new genera from Africa and China." volume="1879" year="2008">Cheng and Thompson (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
stated that
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Schizoceratomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizoceratomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schizoceratomyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
was published on the 12th of July 1947. Regardless of whether the date is 3rd or 12th of July
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Schizoceratomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizoceratomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schizoceratomyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
has priority over
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Johnsoniodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Johnsoniodon" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Johnsoniodon</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
.
|
||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
|
|
Besides
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Schizoceratomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizoceratomyia malleri" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malleri">Schizoceratomyia malleri</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
(Curran), a furcate basoflagellomere in the female is also found in
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Masarygus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Masarygus carrerai" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carrerai">Masarygus carrerai</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
Papavero, 1962. This species is also included in
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Schizoceratomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizoceratomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schizoceratomyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
.
|
||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
|
|
Remarkably, in some specimens of
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Schizoceratomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizoceratomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schizoceratomyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
, the frontal ocellus is split in two, strongly reduced or even absent, whereas the posterior ocelli are well-developed. Following present species definitions, different states for this character seem to occur within the same species. However, more taxonomic work at species-level is necessary to establish whether this character state variation is intra- or inter-specific. In most
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" genus="Diptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diptera" order="Saxifragales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
and other flying insects, all three ocelli are well-developed. Reduced or absent ocelli occur in certain terrestrial insects, like certain ants and cockroaches. Among
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" genus="Diptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diptera" order="Saxifragales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
, they are partly or entirely absent only in a few groups, apparently mainly in certain nematocerous families and some brachypterous or apterous taxa (
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Cumming and Wood 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
). It will be interesting to try to correlate the degree of development of the frontal ocellus to behaviour and life-history of
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Schizoceratomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizoceratomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schizoceratomyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
-species; aspects which are currently unknown, unfortunately.
|
||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="distribution">
|
||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Diversity and distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Described species: 4. Neoptropical. A few undescribed species are known to the first author.</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
||
|
|
</treatment>
|
||
|
|
</document>
|