treatments-xml/data/24/AA/EA/24AAEA16E32E569ABF9C84759BC8A18C.xml

<document ID-CLB-Dataset="4356" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.68.69768" ID-GBIF-Dataset="725a1298-82ff-4991-9f9d-089a73df1c4c" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-1324-2-269" ID-Pensoft-UUID="815C6497680E536B9EB1C07692EA8476" ID-ZooBank="7E2958A35E8742188689F9D2C98A0E24" ModsDocID="1860-1324-68-2-269" checkinTime="1630544347651" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Watanabe, Kyohei &amp; Matsumoto, Rikio" docDate="2021" docId="24AAEA16E32E569ABF9C84759BC8A18C" docLanguage="en" docName="DeutEntomolZeit 68(2): 269-297" docOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 68 (2)" docPubDate="2021-09-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.68.69768" docTitle="Xanthopimpla nipponensis Watanabe &amp; Matsumoto 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="F3F40B2B-88AA-4978-9750-2C6B3238C5DB" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="815C6497680E536B9EB1C07692EA8476" lastPageNumber="269" masterDocId="815C6497680E536B9EB1C07692EA8476" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Xanthopimpla Saussure, 1892 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from Japan" masterLastPageNumber="297" masterPageNumber="269" pageNumber="269" updateTime="1732687529418" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="5F9EA0E9B2CACA6D788B21FB4EA34462" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="8D5B330B51C149DF123F48A42507AFF0">
<mods:title id="60DEAB2DA4E821075B11404676EDFA03">Revision of the genus Xanthopimpla Saussure, 1892 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from Japan</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="0FD709C67A2E29C190146F743869EAD1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="9F393257A9E54DC5BE1C400A1A57110C">
<mods:roleTerm id="592ADE7F503487C4E03EB4FB3D0ACD61">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CAAFB262E44D170B272F6300F1711F0C">Watanabe, Kyohei</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="49C1DD9FBD96D1447BF978919397130C" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8242-8611</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="A1DD28469670AC038187F9A33CAF89ED">Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History, Iriuda 499, Odawara, Kanagawa 250 - 0031, Japan</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8A2D077C43454E2C71F4940EE61AE23E" type="email">himebati-love@hotmail.co.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F5D959BE2405B77435A579A099FEF818" type="personal">
<mods:role id="242CB701CD41D27AFBA07D3C7973D45D">
<mods:roleTerm id="9396D50D0584143B6BA04886B3565885">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9FB65CD97AA821EB43D5E006023E2E2A">Matsumoto, Rikio</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9FECB1CB8232D467D558D3B9EB3643A7" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3979-9713</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="D1309818CF02D6D05BC46A74C229297A">Osaka Museum of Natural History, Nagai Park 1 - 23, Higashisumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 546 - 0034, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="33255BB245E08C029D72CEAA6C20B63D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="C5A2157101B3DCFD9B49C35EF2CC7162" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="412AF0752762106E5830B0593FFB670F">
<mods:title id="7A0EDDE860B3D1E4E982E4F3C2E531BE">Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="1B3AF997B4B41D761318C90D54773884">
<mods:date id="4AD5FE10FB69DAD0AAC853F56B125B1D">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="18408B4359DA90F9E071896091598722" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="482CAEC30AC3C24450F1ECC11EFEFC11">2021-09-01</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="30B01130376D2E3C7B97D38465C355F4" type="volume">
<mods:number id="DCB16869CB826D82CAF13F1CDFFFD0E9">68</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="9B035283FDE019E3E3196FD1716E99CD" type="issue">
<mods:number id="730889B8BFB6FB2F50C2B1C176256AC5">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="B5C275B5627A7F8605B9FD922ED52475" unit="page">
<mods:start id="07937B048C751C2448A9E6B014CB8F15">269</mods:start>
<mods:end id="CC260D81030211F2DF35F920C358F0B9">297</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="D33B7707E8BB775842D119496F89B07B">
<mods:url id="824C77D1CD1E570EA1E9B0355A51D05D">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.68.69768</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="7C4D6235528629FB48316F2544A7A20E">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="F5FA17B53E67F05ACA413D8BB01DBCF1" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.68.69768</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7A6D59927F2AB4A8F9C974B3A201E604" type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-1324-2-269</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E0FE3356123251203906E4BAB2184C91" type="ZooBank">7E2958A35E8742188689F9D2C98A0E24</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9A9CE209BBCBE6C43D3E3E9B695F38C1" type="Pensoft-UUID">815C6497680E536B9EB1C07692EA8476</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="24AAEA16E32E569ABF9C84759BC8A18C" ID-GBIF-Taxon="185459809" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F3F40B2B-88AA-4978-9750-2C6B3238C5DB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/24AAEA16E32E569ABF9C84759BC8A18C" lastPageNumber="269" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" scope_family="Ichneumonidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subFamily="Pimplinae" scope_tribe="Pimplini">
<subSubSection id="0EFF5EB33EDAEF6BC29BEC8E524988D0" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D8B5E587246E01AE474119ADDBEE3305" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<taxonomicName id="0733393B4BAB4E49CE5B5B9109ED8A3D" LSID="http://zoobank.org/F3F40B2B-88AA-4978-9750-2C6B3238C5DB" authority="Watanabe &amp; Matsumoto, 2021" authorityName="Watanabe &amp; Matsumoto" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xanthopimpla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthopimpla nipponensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nipponensis" status="sp. nov.">Xanthopimpla nipponensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5E9C8E8ABBDFB5B90B914B0D05E94DA7" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F56E3745575C119DA0DB840F412276B9" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="description">
<paragraph id="7C33867AC228230878492A6AC6E814D0" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<figureCitation id="57191046DEB5E60A4369632FE873F2C8" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Japanese Xanthopimpla A, B. X. nipponensis sp. nov.; C. X. pedator (Fabricius, 1775); D. X. punctata (Fabricius, 1781); E. X. stemmator (Thunberg, 1822); F. X. sylvicola sp. nov.; G. X. trias Townes &amp; Chiu, 1970; H, I. X. yoshimurai sp. nov. A, C-H. dorsal habitus; B. mesoscutum, dorsal view; I. propodeum and T I, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.69768.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/583716" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Figs 2A, B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="02036B462B3BA7EB3B81FC517915AFEA" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Japanese Xanthopimpla A, H. X. clavata Krieger, 1914; B, J. X. konowi Krieger, 1899; C. X. modesta modesta (Smith, 1860); D, K, N, P. X. nipponensis sp. nov.; E. X. stemmator (Thunberg, 1822); F, L. X. sylvicola sp. nov.; G, M. X. yoshimurai sp. nov.; I. X. minuta Cameron, 1905; O. X. naenia Morley, 1913 (D, F, G, K-M, P. holotype; N. paratype) - A, B. head, frontal view; C-G. head, dorsal view; H, I. mesonotum, dorsal view; J-M. scutellum, lateral view; N. mesosternum, ventral view; O, P. areolet of right wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.69768.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/583717" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">, 3D, K, N, P</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="8B00DF0EA0E7134717522CB67C59D8E5" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Propodeum of Japanese Xanthopimpla, dorsal view A. X. clavata Krieger, 1914; B. X. flavolineata Cameron, 1907; C. X. honorata honorata (Cameron, 1899); D. X. konowi Krieger, 1899; E. X. minuta Cameron, 1905; F. X. modesta modesta (Smith, 1860); G. X. naenia Morley, 1913; H. X. nipponensis sp. nov.; I. X. pedator (Fabricius, 1775); J. X. punctata (Fabricius, 1781); K. X. stemmator (Thunberg, 1822); L. X. sylvicola sp. nov.; M. X. trias Townes &amp; Chiu, 1970; N. X. yoshimurai sp. nov. (H, L, N. holotype)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.69768.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/583718" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">, 4H</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="7A069E57979E0DA530AF74DBCECDEA49" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Japanese Xanthopimpla - A. X. clavata Krieger, 1914; B. X. flavolineata Cameron, 1907; C. X. honorata honorata (Cameron, 1899); D. X. konowi Krieger, 1899; E. X. minuta Cameron, 1905; F. X. modesta modesta (Smith, 1860); G, H. X. naenia Morley, 1913; I, P. X. nipponensis sp. nov.; J. X. pedator (Fabricius, 1775); K. X. punctata (Fabricius, 1781); L. X. stemmator (Thunberg, 1822); M, Q. X. sylvicola sp. nov.; N. X. trias Townes &amp; Chiu, 1970; O, R. X. yoshimurai sp. nov. (I, M, O-R. holotype) A-O. left hind leg, lateral view; P-R. left hind tarsal claw, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.69768.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/583719" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">, 5I, P</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="6F3E07DBAC33B6C4AC5FCFE892E81BD0" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Japanese Xanthopimpla A, F. X. nipponensis sp. nov.; B, G. X. sylvicola sp. nov.; C, H. X. yoshimurai sp. nov.; D. X. konowi Krieger, 1899; E. X. pedator (Fabricius, 1775) (A-C, F. holotype; G, H. paratype) A-C. T I, dorsal view; D, E. T III, dorsal view; F-H. apex of ovipositor, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.69768.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/583720" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">, 6A, F</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3C6DAACA4CD736623AFDFDA46C208F79" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="78C86819D8F3252F21B9B4F8A76BBAF9" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<taxonomicName id="F7992E77F88A661BD76D1E6CC688AB77" authority="Watanabe &amp; Matsumoto, 2021" authorityName="Watanabe &amp; Matsumoto" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xanthopimpla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthopimpla brachyparea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyparea" status="sp. nov.">Xanthopimpla brachyparea</taxonomicName>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="7E7FAE5CD392F99A504FEF7EF1679BA2" author="Ishii, T" editor="Esaki, T" journalOrPublisher="Hokuryukan, Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" pagination="382 - 427" refId="B27" refString="Ishii, T, 1932. Family Ichneumonidae. In: Esaki, T, Hori, H, Hozawa, S, Ishii, T, Issiki, S, Kawada, A, Kawamura, T, Kinoshita, S, Kishida, K, Koizumi, M, Kojima, T, Kuwana, I, Kuwayama, S, Marumo, N, Niijima, Y, Oguma, K, Okamoto, H, Shinji, O, Shiraki, T, Takahashi, R, Uchida, S, Ueno, M, Yamada, S, Yano, M, Yokoyama, K, Yuasa, H, Eds., Nippon Konchu Zukan, Iconographia Insectorum Japonicorum. Hokuryukan, Tokyo: 382 - 427" title="Family Ichneumonidae." volumeTitle="Nippon Konchu Zukan, Iconographia Insectorum Japonicorum." year="1932">Ishii 1932</bibRefCitation>
: 409; 
<bibRefCitation id="4667C08B9F8DA667668338AD7C0681D8" author="Esaki, T" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Mitteilungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" refId="B17" refString="Esaki, T, Hori, H, Yasumatsu, K, 1938. Insectorum Japonicum, Illustratio Iconnographica, Coloribus ad Naturam depicta. Sanseido, Tokyo. 428 + 59 pp. [In Japanese]" title="Insectorum Japonicum, Illustratio Iconnographica, Coloribus ad Naturam depicta. Sanseido, Tokyo. 428 + 59 pp. [In Japanese]" year="1938">Esaki et al. 1938</bibRefCitation>
: 342. Misident.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D362AD6DB233F1D2A7964F6FAC00097" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<taxonomicName id="3F6AE71D05935D38D2CA47CBE1857808" authority="Watanabe &amp; Matsumoto, 2021" authorityName="Watanabe &amp; Matsumoto" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xanthopimpla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthopimpla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">Xanthopimpla</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.: 
<bibRefCitation id="4BFA624F70E3FF2756FFE49DADA38232" author="Townes, H" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" pagination="1 - 661" refId="B64" refString="Townes, H, Momoi, S, Townes, M, 1965. A catalogue and reclassification of the eastern Palearctic Ichneumonidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 5: 1 - 661" title="A catalogue and reclassification of the eastern Palearctic Ichneumonidae." volume="5" year="1965">Townes et al. 1965</bibRefCitation>
: 63.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="89C6934EF4EE471CD2F76F5D24659C2F" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<taxonomicName id="D5374DA6DCC2DF7589643643E57D0ADF" authority="Watanabe &amp; Matsumoto, 2021" authorityName="Watanabe &amp; Matsumoto" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xanthopimpla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthopimpla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">Xanthopimpla</taxonomicName>
sp. C: 
<bibRefCitation id="0BC5F755360010BB024D22E85FFAB7A6" author="Watanabe, K" journalOrPublisher="Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" refId="B73" refString="Watanabe, K, 2011. Notes of Japanese Pimplini (Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae). Kanagawa-Chuho, Odawara (174): 1-19. [In Japanese]" title="Notes of Japanese Pimplini (Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae). Kanagawa-Chuho, Odawara (174): 1 - 19. [In Japanese]" year="2011">Watanabe 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 17.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45EB99666263011152F145D6C4753683" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="type series">
<paragraph id="3BF5F3933BF559F8B55F381B0B55428E" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Type series.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="075CCE6996C51C71E207EBEE270B8FA4" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis id="B0C6DEF8E50AC2CE63FD9F7EEA71A9DD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis id="E5666266A788739E1A02C659AB6F0828" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Holotype</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
F, 
<emphasis id="A6D6BCF52FC2EBF4B9D2DCCE42E33B62" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Japan</emphasis>
, Honshu, Kanagawa Pref., Odawara City, Iriuda, Mt. Ishigaki-yama, 4 Sep 2014, K. Watanabe leg. (KPMNH). 
<emphasis id="18869DF970FF001448F40477C3EBBF90" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis id="102A1F5E8946A8DDE4825231B4D1402F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Paratypes</emphasis>
: Japan
</emphasis>
: [Honshu] 1 F, Saitama Pref., Ranzan Town, Syogunzawa, 9 Sep 2000, T. Nambu leg. (KPMNH); 1 F, Tokyo, Okutama Town, Hikawa, 29 Jun 2007, K. Watanabe leg. (KPMNH); 1 F, ditto, 30 Jun 2007 (KPMNH); 1 F, Kanagawa Pref., Yokohama City, Enkaizan, 13 Oct 2008, K. Kubo leg. (KPMNH); 1 F, Aichi Pref., Mt. Sanage, 21-27 Aug 1992, T. Kanbe leg. (YPT) (MU); 1 M, Kyoto Pref., Maizuru City, Nyo, 20 Jun-10 Jul 2011, T. Murao leg. (OMNH); 1 F, ditto, 10-20 Sep 2011 (OMNH); 1 F (DNA-Pol-711), Nara Pref., Yamataokouriyama City, Yata-cho, 19 Jan 2019, R. Matsumoto leg. (OMNH); 1 F, Nara Pref., Asuka Vil., Amakashinooka, 15 Dec 2014, R. Matsumoto leg. (OMNH); 2 F, Osaka Pref., Minomo, 22 May 1932, N. Tosawa leg. (OMNH); 1 F, Osaka Pref., Minoo City. Monou Park, 9 Mar1996, F. Omiya leg. (OMNH); 1 F, Osaka Pref., Kawachinagano City, Chihayaguchi, 5 Sep 1980, E. Nishida leg. (OMNH); 1 F, Osaka Pref., Kaizuka City, Kibitani, 28 Jun 1999, R. Matsumoto leg. (OMNH); 1 F (DNA-Pol-718), Hyogo Pref., Sanda City, Ohara, 21 Jan 2019, R. Matsumoto leg. (OMNH); 1F, ditto, 16 Jan 2020, R. Matsumoto leg. (OMNH); 1 F, Hyogo Pref., Kobe City, Futatabi-san, 2 Feb 2009, R. Matsumoto leg. (OMNH); 1 F, Tottori Pref., Ketaka, Tsuyutani, 30 Aug 1935, H. Aoki leg. (OMNH); 1 F, ditto, 20 Sep 1937 (OMNH); 1 F, Okayama Pref., Niimi City, Kusama, 31 Aug 1989, R. Matsumoto leg. (OMNH). [Shikoku] 1 F, Kochi Pref., Tosa Town, Jingamori, 22 Aug 2000, R. Matsumoto leg. (OMNH); 1 F, Ehime Pref., Oda Town, 30 Jul 1993, E. Yamamoto leg. (NIAES); 1 F, ditto, 14 Aug 1995 (NIAES).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="98B6B4DEDFCA53621FC2A72ECC4093B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="comparative diagnosis">
<paragraph id="29E8840332788F95B77CC7E935874DCA" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Comparative diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F069EB78B08F49FD5661252526FB8AA3" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
This species belongs to the 
<emphasis id="24EC956A4C8973C9ACF5744C25D681CF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">terebatorix</emphasis>
species group 
<emphasis id="1AFA6DEAC3AD5BC82DC7C5C6AB178138" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="623E3B8E7611020E5501411DFD3A2D07" author="Townes, H" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" pagination="1 - 372" refId="B63" refString="Townes, H, Chiu, SC, 1970. The Indo-Australian species of Xanthopimpla (Ichneumonidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 14: 1 - 372" title="The Indo-Australian species of Xanthopimpla (Ichneumonidae)." volume="14" year="1970">Townes and Chiu (1970)</bibRefCitation>
. This species resembles 
<taxonomicName id="0479A9BD21AFF05803D54B2F42BEB2F3" authority="brevicauda" lsidName="X. brevicauda subsp. brevicauda" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" rank="subSpecies" species="brevicauda" subSpecies="brevicauda">
<emphasis id="0F7765CA0DF85F548075101EFAE443F2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">X. brevicauda brevicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cushman, 1925 in the body colouration and the short ovipositor, but it can be distinguished by the punctures on the face, separated by more than their diameter, except for punctures on the median part, separated by 0.2 
<normalizedToken id="471E0EFC19A92116B1A70761CBBE4105" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
their diameter (separated by about 0.7 
<normalizedToken id="DDE875AB683EF4C2E534C37D7CCECCD1" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
their diameter in 
<taxonomicName id="30463B256AFEC5C9FE0381DF59A86CBC" authority="brevicauda" lsidName="X. brevicauda subsp. brevicauda" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" rank="subSpecies" species="brevicauda" subSpecies="brevicauda">
<emphasis id="CC520AAB900A12C432CF47E57FE04F02" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">X. brevicauda brevicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the propodeum with equal width of anterior and posterior margins of area superomedia (anterior margin narrower than posterior margin in 
<taxonomicName id="7B4452A129E57885B10F8AB4501B9A45" authority="brevicauda" lsidName="X. brevicauda subsp. brevicauda" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" rank="subSpecies" species="brevicauda" subSpecies="brevicauda">
<emphasis id="499F9F37722655414571C9B65B5A02A5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">X. brevicauda brevicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the hind trochanter without black marking (with large black marking in 
<taxonomicName id="7CDC7363F2004078C9CD03A9A4672273" authority="brevicauda" lsidName="X. brevicauda subsp. brevicauda" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" rank="subSpecies" species="brevicauda" subSpecies="brevicauda">
<emphasis id="D3F90364125257FA1F7C27DEFB794EBB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">X. brevicauda brevicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and the base of hind fifth tarsomere not yellowish (yellowish in 
<taxonomicName id="16EB057278FD5A8DC6315098B16458C1" authority="brevicauda" lsidName="X. brevicauda subsp. brevicauda" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" rank="subSpecies" species="brevicauda" subSpecies="brevicauda">
<emphasis id="5254659E6ECA86A73BFF4D00F9151B4A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">X. brevicauda brevicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C5CFF46FFE7CFC282E6D1D27B6AFFF18" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="description">
<paragraph id="B4E5D7990F64C0AA6B4DBE7E6AA8B05D" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D517B0FA07B87E83881325B9E5500079" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis id="3A568706959ACE0B22D3C26DC4A2ABC3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Female</emphasis>
(n = 18). Body covered with silver setae, polished, largely smooth, length 7.3-11.2 (HT: 10.5) mm,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4111228635BC259C1BA30AD37102FAB2" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
Head 0.53 
<normalizedToken id="B54D5E16F7E78A925250C520648F7C86" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of width in dorsal view. Clypeus almost flat in lateral view, sparsely punctate, except for ventral margin, 0.63-0.67 (HT: 0.65) 
<normalizedToken id="50432563EC57312CC94A699DB85D70F3" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of maximum width. Face 1.0 
<normalizedToken id="968D3A6FE4C50CD7BD2F23166B445A1D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of maximum width, sparsely punctate laterally (separated by ca. 1.0-2.0 
<normalizedToken id="0FD948D395525C329728B77C158C86E5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
their diameter) and densely punctate medially (separated by ca. 0.2 
<normalizedToken id="A994EC50861F845CDC91C9BAE7A48E74" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
their diameter). Frons with a conspicuous convexity medially. Length of malar space 0.3 
<normalizedToken id="6F1F9889CD9D321B27A0DEC02311EFAA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of basal mandibular width. OD: POL: OOL = 1.0: 0.7-0.75 (HT: 0.7): 0.75-0.85 (HT: 0.85). Antenna longer than fore wing. Flagellum with 33-35 (HT: 34) flagellomeres. Length of FL I 4.0 
<normalizedToken id="2E41266717B144C7688AE92D94349DF1" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of maximum depth in lateral view, 1.48-1.54 (HT: 1.48) 
<normalizedToken id="9BF5A57B0FB3470DE37527C44FE63614" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of F II.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3788011E54DF43C6C284E6E6581D67C7" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
Mesosoma. Epomia short. Front end of notaulus with a sharp-edged transverse crest. Notauli not reaching past centre of mesoscutum, their posterior ends not joined with each other. Mesoscutum sparsely and finely punctate anteriorly, smooth posteriorly (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="19EC855DDBF1C17054E2D0975AEA4B88" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Japanese Xanthopimpla A, B. X. nipponensis sp. nov.; C. X. pedator (Fabricius, 1775); D. X. punctata (Fabricius, 1781); E. X. stemmator (Thunberg, 1822); F. X. sylvicola sp. nov.; G. X. trias Townes &amp; Chiu, 1970; H, I. X. yoshimurai sp. nov. A, C-H. dorsal habitus; B. mesoscutum, dorsal view; I. propodeum and T I, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.69768.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/583716" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">2B</figureCitation>
), its anterior end weakly protruding anteriorly. Scutellum smooth, roundly convex, with a lateral carina that reaches apex (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="3E6B17BC2DCE2CEE17D9DA33B2CEB625" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Japanese Xanthopimpla A, H. X. clavata Krieger, 1914; B, J. X. konowi Krieger, 1899; C. X. modesta modesta (Smith, 1860); D, K, N, P. X. nipponensis sp. nov.; E. X. stemmator (Thunberg, 1822); F, L. X. sylvicola sp. nov.; G, M. X. yoshimurai sp. nov.; I. X. minuta Cameron, 1905; O. X. naenia Morley, 1913 (D, F, G, K-M, P. holotype; N. paratype) - A, B. head, frontal view; C-G. head, dorsal view; H, I. mesonotum, dorsal view; J-M. scutellum, lateral view; N. mesosternum, ventral view; O, P. areolet of right wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.69768.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/583717" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">3K</figureCitation>
). Mesopleuron sparsely punctate dorsally, densely punctate ventrally. Posterior transverse carina of mesosternum with a roundly produced lamella, which has a shallow median notch (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="90762157C9C1665F02D81544424629CE" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Japanese Xanthopimpla A, H. X. clavata Krieger, 1914; B, J. X. konowi Krieger, 1899; C. X. modesta modesta (Smith, 1860); D, K, N, P. X. nipponensis sp. nov.; E. X. stemmator (Thunberg, 1822); F, L. X. sylvicola sp. nov.; G, M. X. yoshimurai sp. nov.; I. X. minuta Cameron, 1905; O. X. naenia Morley, 1913 (D, F, G, K-M, P. holotype; N. paratype) - A, B. head, frontal view; C-G. head, dorsal view; H, I. mesonotum, dorsal view; J-M. scutellum, lateral view; N. mesosternum, ventral view; O, P. areolet of right wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.69768.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/583717" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">3N</figureCitation>
). Metapleuron smooth, except for a few, fine and sparse setae. Propodeum smooth, except for area spiracularis and area lateralis covered with sparse and fine punctures, with lateral section of anterior transverse carina, anterior and median sections of lateromedian longitudinal carina, lateral longitudinal carina, posterior transverse carina and pleural carina, without hill-like swelling (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="C506664D3A52F4D61C4E05A1BD939BC3" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Propodeum of Japanese Xanthopimpla, dorsal view A. X. clavata Krieger, 1914; B. X. flavolineata Cameron, 1907; C. X. honorata honorata (Cameron, 1899); D. X. konowi Krieger, 1899; E. X. minuta Cameron, 1905; F. X. modesta modesta (Smith, 1860); G. X. naenia Morley, 1913; H. X. nipponensis sp. nov.; I. X. pedator (Fabricius, 1775); J. X. punctata (Fabricius, 1781); K. X. stemmator (Thunberg, 1822); L. X. sylvicola sp. nov.; M. X. trias Townes &amp; Chiu, 1970; N. X. yoshimurai sp. nov. (H, L, N. holotype)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.69768.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/583718" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">4H</figureCitation>
). Anterior end of lateral longitudinal carina extending 0.45-0.5 (HT: 0.45) length of outer side of area spiracularis in dorsal view (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="C39F4B09B3F5B3166074E5715856FDA4" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Propodeum of Japanese Xanthopimpla, dorsal view A. X. clavata Krieger, 1914; B. X. flavolineata Cameron, 1907; C. X. honorata honorata (Cameron, 1899); D. X. konowi Krieger, 1899; E. X. minuta Cameron, 1905; F. X. modesta modesta (Smith, 1860); G. X. naenia Morley, 1913; H. X. nipponensis sp. nov.; I. X. pedator (Fabricius, 1775); J. X. punctata (Fabricius, 1781); K. X. stemmator (Thunberg, 1822); L. X. sylvicola sp. nov.; M. X. trias Townes &amp; Chiu, 1970; N. X. yoshimurai sp. nov. (H, L, N. holotype)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.69768.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/583718" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">4H</figureCitation>
). Both anterior and posterior margins of area superomedia almost equal in length. Fore wing length 6.7-8.8 (HT: 8.0) mm. Areolet present, receiving vein 2m-cu slightly distant of middle. Hind femur 2.3-2.4 (HT: 2.4) 
<normalizedToken id="2FFCA5374F6DF0BFE5B3CBFE8857811D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of maximum depth in lateral view. Pre-apical bristles of mid- and hind tibiae 1-2 (HT: 1) (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="5A4AFCE9CBA781F748718044AD179393" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Japanese Xanthopimpla - A. X. clavata Krieger, 1914; B. X. flavolineata Cameron, 1907; C. X. honorata honorata (Cameron, 1899); D. X. konowi Krieger, 1899; E. X. minuta Cameron, 1905; F. X. modesta modesta (Smith, 1860); G, H. X. naenia Morley, 1913; I, P. X. nipponensis sp. nov.; J. X. pedator (Fabricius, 1775); K. X. punctata (Fabricius, 1781); L. X. stemmator (Thunberg, 1822); M, Q. X. sylvicola sp. nov.; N. X. trias Townes &amp; Chiu, 1970; O, R. X. yoshimurai sp. nov. (I, M, O-R. holotype) A-O. left hind leg, lateral view; P-R. left hind tarsal claw, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.69768.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/583719" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">5I</figureCitation>
). Apical bristle of mid- and hind tibiae 2-3 (HT: 2) (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="34E24C05F999A5ACCE50549F640E872B" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Japanese Xanthopimpla - A. X. clavata Krieger, 1914; B. X. flavolineata Cameron, 1907; C. X. honorata honorata (Cameron, 1899); D. X. konowi Krieger, 1899; E. X. minuta Cameron, 1905; F. X. modesta modesta (Smith, 1860); G, H. X. naenia Morley, 1913; I, P. X. nipponensis sp. nov.; J. X. pedator (Fabricius, 1775); K. X. punctata (Fabricius, 1781); L. X. stemmator (Thunberg, 1822); M, Q. X. sylvicola sp. nov.; N. X. trias Townes &amp; Chiu, 1970; O, R. X. yoshimurai sp. nov. (I, M, O-R. holotype) A-O. left hind leg, lateral view; P-R. left hind tarsal claw, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.69768.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/583719" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">5I</figureCitation>
). Ratio of length of hind first to fifth tarsomeres 1.7-1.8 (HT: 1.7): 1.0: 1.0: 0.7: 1.3. Largest bristle on hind and mid-tarsal claws slightly widened next to apex and its apex sharply pointed (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="FA4D40FF3062128718A07C8DB6CA7A5C" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Japanese Xanthopimpla - A. X. clavata Krieger, 1914; B. X. flavolineata Cameron, 1907; C. X. honorata honorata (Cameron, 1899); D. X. konowi Krieger, 1899; E. X. minuta Cameron, 1905; F. X. modesta modesta (Smith, 1860); G, H. X. naenia Morley, 1913; I, P. X. nipponensis sp. nov.; J. X. pedator (Fabricius, 1775); K. X. punctata (Fabricius, 1781); L. X. stemmator (Thunberg, 1822); M, Q. X. sylvicola sp. nov.; N. X. trias Townes &amp; Chiu, 1970; O, R. X. yoshimurai sp. nov. (I, M, O-R. holotype) A-O. left hind leg, lateral view; P-R. left hind tarsal claw, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.69768.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/583719" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">5P</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="64921F31AD6B34F5CEA297174E8258AB" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
Metasoma. T I 1.0-1.1 (HT: 1.1) 
<normalizedToken id="97D226E449908C5B3B0A6F58A4AAFE44" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of maximum width, largely smooth, with a weak transverse depression subapically (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="22E390934B81AFC774678DB723144879" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Japanese Xanthopimpla A, F. X. nipponensis sp. nov.; B, G. X. sylvicola sp. nov.; C, H. X. yoshimurai sp. nov.; D. X. konowi Krieger, 1899; E. X. pedator (Fabricius, 1775) (A-C, F. holotype; G, H. paratype) A-C. T I, dorsal view; D, E. T III, dorsal view; F-H. apex of ovipositor, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.69768.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/583720" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">6A</figureCitation>
). Latero-median carina of T I complete, except for apex obscured (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="57022E310CC6230914489A23F1246931" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Japanese Xanthopimpla A, F. X. nipponensis sp. nov.; B, G. X. sylvicola sp. nov.; C, H. X. yoshimurai sp. nov.; D. X. konowi Krieger, 1899; E. X. pedator (Fabricius, 1775) (A-C, F. holotype; G, H. paratype) A-C. T I, dorsal view; D, E. T III, dorsal view; F-H. apex of ovipositor, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.69768.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/583720" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">6A</figureCitation>
). Dorso-lateral carina of T I absent, except for base. T II 0.5-0.55 (HT: 0.55) 
<normalizedToken id="53E9CE9D425221ED0207D734E7306878" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of maximum width, sparsely punctate. T II to T VI with a posterior transverse foveolate groove. T III to T VIII densely punctate. Ovipositor sheath 0.36-0.4 (HT: 0.38) times as long as hind tibia. Upper valve of ovipositor gradually narrowed towards apex, with dorsal minute teeth apically (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="89A2751345724CFFE982620A95CAFE96" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Japanese Xanthopimpla A, F. X. nipponensis sp. nov.; B, G. X. sylvicola sp. nov.; C, H. X. yoshimurai sp. nov.; D. X. konowi Krieger, 1899; E. X. pedator (Fabricius, 1775) (A-C, F. holotype; G, H. paratype) A-C. T I, dorsal view; D, E. T III, dorsal view; F-H. apex of ovipositor, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.69768.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/583720" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">6F</figureCitation>
). Lower valve of ovipositor with 6-7 (HT: 7) distinct teeth (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="03A17CE3CD10BDFEB5FF579B1EBAC499" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Japanese Xanthopimpla A, F. X. nipponensis sp. nov.; B, G. X. sylvicola sp. nov.; C, H. X. yoshimurai sp. nov.; D. X. konowi Krieger, 1899; E. X. pedator (Fabricius, 1775) (A-C, F. holotype; G, H. paratype) A-C. T I, dorsal view; D, E. T III, dorsal view; F-H. apex of ovipositor, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.69768.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/583720" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">6F</figureCitation>
). Ovipositor downcurved apically (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="944872C0E02FE73AEB81CEF0A5EE6A51" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Japanese Xanthopimpla A, F. X. nipponensis sp. nov.; B, G. X. sylvicola sp. nov.; C, H. X. yoshimurai sp. nov.; D. X. konowi Krieger, 1899; E. X. pedator (Fabricius, 1775) (A-C, F. holotype; G, H. paratype) A-C. T I, dorsal view; D, E. T III, dorsal view; F-H. apex of ovipositor, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.69768.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/583720" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">6F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EEEAEFF6E8B683D4D6BB61C0201E9E17" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
Colouration (Figs 
<figureCitation id="F482C1A637503AA689154BDC1DAEA7DC" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Japanese Xanthopimpla A, B. X. nipponensis sp. nov.; C. X. pedator (Fabricius, 1775); D. X. punctata (Fabricius, 1781); E. X. stemmator (Thunberg, 1822); F. X. sylvicola sp. nov.; G. X. trias Townes &amp; Chiu, 1970; H, I. X. yoshimurai sp. nov. A, C-H. dorsal habitus; B. mesoscutum, dorsal view; I. propodeum and T I, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.69768.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/583716" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">2A, B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="70419B86D4A1DE9D542064711DC14A2E" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Japanese Xanthopimpla A, H. X. clavata Krieger, 1914; B, J. X. konowi Krieger, 1899; C. X. modesta modesta (Smith, 1860); D, K, N, P. X. nipponensis sp. nov.; E. X. stemmator (Thunberg, 1822); F, L. X. sylvicola sp. nov.; G, M. X. yoshimurai sp. nov.; I. X. minuta Cameron, 1905; O. X. naenia Morley, 1913 (D, F, G, K-M, P. holotype; N. paratype) - A, B. head, frontal view; C-G. head, dorsal view; H, I. mesonotum, dorsal view; J-M. scutellum, lateral view; N. mesosternum, ventral view; O, P. areolet of right wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.69768.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/583717" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">3D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="08197D33F52CE2B447FA39067BAA858F" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Propodeum of Japanese Xanthopimpla, dorsal view A. X. clavata Krieger, 1914; B. X. flavolineata Cameron, 1907; C. X. honorata honorata (Cameron, 1899); D. X. konowi Krieger, 1899; E. X. minuta Cameron, 1905; F. X. modesta modesta (Smith, 1860); G. X. naenia Morley, 1913; H. X. nipponensis sp. nov.; I. X. pedator (Fabricius, 1775); J. X. punctata (Fabricius, 1781); K. X. stemmator (Thunberg, 1822); L. X. sylvicola sp. nov.; M. X. trias Townes &amp; Chiu, 1970; N. X. yoshimurai sp. nov. (H, L, N. holotype)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.69768.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/583718" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">4H</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="64B546E147346DCC4C2598B12EEEE515" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Japanese Xanthopimpla - A. X. clavata Krieger, 1914; B. X. flavolineata Cameron, 1907; C. X. honorata honorata (Cameron, 1899); D. X. konowi Krieger, 1899; E. X. minuta Cameron, 1905; F. X. modesta modesta (Smith, 1860); G, H. X. naenia Morley, 1913; I, P. X. nipponensis sp. nov.; J. X. pedator (Fabricius, 1775); K. X. punctata (Fabricius, 1781); L. X. stemmator (Thunberg, 1822); M, Q. X. sylvicola sp. nov.; N. X. trias Townes &amp; Chiu, 1970; O, R. X. yoshimurai sp. nov. (I, M, O-R. holotype) A-O. left hind leg, lateral view; P-R. left hind tarsal claw, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.69768.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/583719" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">5I</figureCitation>
). Body (excluding wings) yellow. Apex of mandible and ocellar area black. Dorsal surface of scape and pedicel blackish-brown. Flagellum dark yellowish-brown to dark brown. Mesoscutum with three black spots anteriorly and a black spot in front of scutellum. Propodeum without black spots. Wings hyaline. Veins and pterostigma blackishbrown to brown, except for yellowish-brown wing base and base of pterostigma. Base of hind tibia and hind tarsal tarsomere tinged with black. Hind fifth tarsomere darkened. T I, T III to T V and T VII with a pair of black spots. T II sometimes (not including HT) with a pair of very small black spots. Ovipositor dark reddish-brown. Ovipositor sheath black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE83175145F0F9EC188F8F008E7B2E68" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis id="4FA0924DF9D091C58AD8678507DCAA9D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Male</emphasis>
(n = 1). Similar to female. Length of malar space 0.2 
<normalizedToken id="CC4CB6B64D2AF87C9CAAE863D6498F19" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of basal mandibular width. Pre-apical bristles of mid-tibia 3. Apical bristle of mid-tibia 4. T II with a pair of conspicuous black spots.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="04DC1C2711CC8E6A9207D4154381C08B" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="2A2E6BEE0DD92E9A3143B91B7F734484" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7939935E4714801BE843748801F3B4AA" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Japan (Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62C9C0B8FE3ADAFA267DAD5565E99437" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="bionomics">
<paragraph id="66688C053D6F9DA94C56DA9B2B313B6B" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Bionomics.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD6A967D467CF05C23D6BA9E650FBD11" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
In Japan, adults were collected in February, May to October and December. In Honshu, winter is passed in the stage of adult (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="8914A0047B05151AA8A0E3749963F5B7" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Wintering female of Japanese Xanthopimpla spp - A. X. clavata; B. X. yoshimurai sp. nov.; C. X. nipponensis sp. nov.; D. X. trias." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.69768.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/583722" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">8C</figureCitation>
). The wintering habit of this species is similar to that of 
<taxonomicName id="5F437C2364B38D25E9978DD0354DAD0C" lsidName="X. clavata" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" rank="species" species="clavata">
<emphasis id="85C7FC08285131586D2D700FE371740C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">X. clavata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and these species are sometimes found wintering sympatrically, adults resting under the leaf of broad-leaved, evergreen trees, such as 
<taxonomicName id="D30196783FA6923E2AF53F05108EBCED" authorityName="Schottky" authorityYear="1912" baseAuthorityName="Thunb." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Castanopsis cuspidata" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuspidata">
<emphasis id="E7C301BE9D5537A07709B7A615B764A1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Castanopsis cuspidata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="89AC6C5C38F8F74FE79F0DF8002B9A19" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aquifoliaceae" genus="Ilex" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ilex pedunculosa" order="Aquifoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedunculosa">
<emphasis id="FC2CAF129C424140CF7E4EED33CBB992" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Ilex pedunculosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="BC23483DD62B64F4BD47DC3155244F11" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" genus="Camellia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Camellia japonica" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="A4D27D6D19C32460DF834DB43F9DA83D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Camellia japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. All wintering specimens observed were female exclusively. Host is unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="150FC3E63D25D8E8A0D9B7E020108D6F" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="797B645F20C8985629A3F55CF89752B5" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="940D815FABFC5799D08E44B56C9E92A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">The specific name is from Nippon (= Japan).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A2FC1D6164A01FEBAC26728B47A1DF4C" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="EDE33DB83E48648D1A55B1842C08500C" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6563068F909006738CF2ECA38715D62F" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<bibRefCitation id="8A6B71801191751DC51068F6E5A62C2E" author="Ishii, T" editor="Esaki, T" journalOrPublisher="Hokuryukan, Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" pagination="382 - 427" refId="B27" refString="Ishii, T, 1932. Family Ichneumonidae. In: Esaki, T, Hori, H, Hozawa, S, Ishii, T, Issiki, S, Kawada, A, Kawamura, T, Kinoshita, S, Kishida, K, Koizumi, M, Kojima, T, Kuwana, I, Kuwayama, S, Marumo, N, Niijima, Y, Oguma, K, Okamoto, H, Shinji, O, Shiraki, T, Takahashi, R, Uchida, S, Ueno, M, Yamada, S, Yano, M, Yokoyama, K, Yuasa, H, Eds., Nippon Konchu Zukan, Iconographia Insectorum Japonicorum. Hokuryukan, Tokyo: 382 - 427" title="Family Ichneumonidae." volumeTitle="Nippon Konchu Zukan, Iconographia Insectorum Japonicorum." year="1932">Ishii (1932)</bibRefCitation>
recorded this species from Nagasaki (Kyushu) as 
<taxonomicName id="131B55BE249293D92519C7FEA68160B7" lsidName="X. brachyparea" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" rank="species" species="brachyparea">
<emphasis id="B2D360B0080040120AB75E5762732188" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">X. brachyparea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with an illustration, which was referred to by 
<bibRefCitation id="C35A731F6318F81666B9202CD8B2B2B1" author="Esaki, T" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Mitteilungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" refId="B17" refString="Esaki, T, Hori, H, Yasumatsu, K, 1938. Insectorum Japonicum, Illustratio Iconnographica, Coloribus ad Naturam depicta. Sanseido, Tokyo. 428 + 59 pp. [In Japanese]" title="Insectorum Japonicum, Illustratio Iconnographica, Coloribus ad Naturam depicta. Sanseido, Tokyo. 428 + 59 pp. [In Japanese]" year="1938">Esaki et al. (1938)</bibRefCitation>
. We could not find the voucher specimen, but we concluded that it belongs to 
<taxonomicName id="23E4176AE9E74CCA9414CAB8F385C337" lsidName="X. nipponensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" rank="species" species="nipponensis">
<emphasis id="B96EB6EDE6E00036FADBD00CAB9CD682" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">X. nipponensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. judging from the illustration and added Kyushu to the distribution of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>