271 lines
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271 lines
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<mods:title id="DA2515BD84B1451317E7FB39A10AD463">Predation, phytophagy and character state confusion among North American species of the genus Leptothrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="23DEF3FEA9FEBB4F8676862088C766E2">Mound, Laurence</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="95381D770661623AE14C84ED61EDC770">O’Donnell, Cheryle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="002BB2D4331CB00073F508D634AE4BA7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="2620F071FFAAAC16FF0AFBA6FD6C434B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6040348" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132550553" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6040348" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2620F071FFAAAC16FF0AFBA6FD6C434B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2620F071FFAAAC16FF0AFBA6FD6C434B" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="310" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
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<subSubSection id="E69312ECFFAAAC15FF0AFBA6FE52467D" box="[151,442,1039,1066]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="AE364167FFAAAC15FF0AFBA6FE52467D" blockId="9.[151,442,1039,1066]" box="[151,442,1039,1066]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
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<heading id="F57EF60BFFAAAC15FF0AFBA6FE52467D" bold="true" box="[151,442,1039,1066]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FF0AFBA6FE52467D" bold="true" box="[151,442,1039,1066]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
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<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFAAAC15FF0AFBA6FEBE467E" box="[151,342,1039,1065]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Leptothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mal">
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FF0AFBA6FEBE467E" bold="true" box="[151,342,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Leptothrips mal</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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i (Fitch)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E69312ECFFAAAC16FF0AFBFFFD6C434B" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="311" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="AE364167FFAAAC15FF0AFBFFFDE9463B" blockId="9.[151,926,1110,1317]" box="[151,513,1110,1132]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="8E996649FFAAAC15FF0AFBFFFDE9463B" box="[151,513,1110,1132]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
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<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFAAAC15FF0AFBFFFE15463B" ID-CoL="4GH3Q" authority="Fitch, 1855: 806" authorityName="Fitch." authorityPageNumber="806" authorityYear="1855" box="[151,509,1110,1132]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Phloeothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mali">
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FF0AFBFFFEA5463B" box="[151,333,1110,1132]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Phloeothrips mali</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="2F286776FFAAAC15FECEFBFFFE15463B" author="Fitch" box="[339,509,1110,1132]" page="806" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" year="1855">
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<bibRefCitation id="CA183C96FFAAAC15FECEFBFFFE22463B" author="Fitch" box="[339,458,1110,1132]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" refString="Fitch, A. (1855) The apple thrips, Phloeothrips mali. Transactions of the New York State Agricultural Society, 14, 806 - 808." type="journal article" year="1855">Fitch, 1855</bibRefCitation>
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: 806
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AE364167FFAAAC15FF0AFBDCFD9E46B0" blockId="9.[151,926,1110,1317]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="8E996649FFAAAC15FF0AFBDCFD9E46B0" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
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<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFAAAC15FF0AFBDCFDC746DC" ID-CoL="3237X" authority="Hinds, 1902: 205" authorityName="Hinds" authorityPageNumber="205" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,559,1141,1163]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Cryptothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aspersus">
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FF0AFBDCFE9F46DC" box="[151,375,1141,1163]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Cryptothrips aspersus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="2F286776FFAAAC15FEE0FBDCFDC746DC" author="Hinds" box="[381,559,1141,1163]" page="205" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" year="1902">
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<bibRefCitation id="CA183C96FFAAAC15FEE0FBDCFE1546DC" author="Hinds" box="[381,509,1141,1163]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" refString="Hinds, W. E. (1902) Contribution to a monograph of the insects of the order Thysanoptera inhabiting North America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 23, 79 - 242." type="journal article" year="1902">Hinds, 1902</bibRefCitation>
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: 205
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Synonym in
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<treatmentCitation id="2F286776FFAAAC15FD26FBDCFC8046DC" author="Hood" box="[699,872,1141,1163]" page="162" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" year="1914">
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<bibRefCitation id="CA183C96FFAAAC15FD26FBDCFCDD46DC" author="Hood" box="[699,821,1141,1163]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" refString="Hood, J. D. (1914) Studies in Tubuliferous Thysanoptera. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 27, 151 - 172." type="journal article" year="1914">Hood, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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: 162
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFAAAC15FF0AFB3DFDBF46FD" ID-CoL="32389" authority="Daniel, 1904: 293" authorityName="Daniel" authorityPageNumber="293" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,599,1172,1194]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Cryptothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californicus">
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FF0AFB3DFE7F46FD" box="[151,407,1172,1194]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Cryptothrips californicus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="2F286776FFAAAC15FE03FB3DFDBF46FD" author="Daniel" box="[414,599,1172,1194]" page="293" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" year="1904">
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<bibRefCitation id="CA183C96FFAAAC15FE03FB3DFDCD46FD" author="Daniel" box="[414,549,1172,1194]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" refString="Daniel, S. M. (1904) New California Thysanoptera. Entomological News, 15, 293 - 297." type="journal article" year="1904">Daniel, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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: 293
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Synonym in
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<treatmentCitation id="2F286776FFAAAC15FD7FFB3DFC7846FD" author="Hood" box="[738,912,1172,1194]" page="162" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" year="1914">
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<bibRefCitation id="CA183C96FFAAAC15FD7FFB3DFCB546FD" author="Hood" box="[738,861,1172,1194]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" refString="Hood, J. D. (1914) Studies in Tubuliferous Thysanoptera. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 27, 151 - 172." type="journal article" year="1914">Hood, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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: 162
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFAAAC15FF0AFB1BFDBD469F" ID-CoL="6BNKW" authority="Watson, 1921: 83" authorityName="Watson" authorityPageNumber="83" authorityYear="1921" box="[151,597,1202,1224]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Cryptothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adirondacks">
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FF0AFB1BFE73469F" box="[151,411,1202,1224]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Cryptothrips adirondacks</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="2F286776FFAAAC15FE3CFB1AFDBD469F" author="Watson" box="[417,597,1202,1224]" page="83" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" year="1921">
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<bibRefCitation id="CA183C96FFAAAC15FE3CFB1AFDC7469F" author="Watson" box="[417,559,1202,1224]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" refString="Watson, J. R. (1921) New Thysanoptera from New York. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 16, 78 - 86." type="journal article" year="1921">Watson, 1921</bibRefCitation>
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: 83
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Synonym in
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<treatmentCitation id="2F286776FFAAAC15FD7DFB1BFC72469F" author="Hood" box="[736,922,1202,1224]" page="112" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" year="1927">
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<bibRefCitation id="CA183C96FFAAAC15FD7DFB1BFC81469F" author="Hood" box="[736,873,1202,1224]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" refString="Hood, J. D. (1927 b) Nineteen synonyms in the North American Thysanoptera. Entomological News, 38, 112 - 113" type="journal article" year="1927" yearSuffix="b">Hood, 1927b</bibRefCitation>
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: 112
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFAAAC15FF0AFB78FDCB46B0" ID-CoL="3TY8R" authority="Johansen, 1987: 45" authorityName="Johansen" authorityPageNumber="45" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,547,1233,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Leptothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gurdus">
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FF0AFB78FEBF46B0" box="[151,343,1233,1255]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Leptothrips gurdus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="2F286776FFAAAC15FEC0FB78FDCB46B0" author="Johansen" box="[349,547,1233,1255]" page="45" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" year="1987">
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<bibRefCitation id="CA183C96FFAAAC15FEC0FB78FE1546B0" author="Johansen" box="[349,509,1233,1255]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" refString="Johansen, R. M. (1987) El genero Leptothrips Hood, 1909 (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) en el continente Americano: su sistematica, filogenia, biogeografia, biologia, conducta y ecologia. Monografias del Instituto de Biologia. Universidad Nacional de Mexico, 3, 1 - 246." type="journal article" year="1987">Johansen, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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: 45
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FDB0FB79FD9846B1" bold="true" box="[557,624,1232,1255]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Syn. n</emphasis>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AE364167FFAAAC15FF0AFB59FD254751" blockId="9.[151,926,1110,1317]" box="[151,717,1263,1286]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="8E996649FFAAAC15FF0AFB59FD254751" box="[151,717,1263,1286]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
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<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFAAAC15FF0AFB59FD914751" ID-CoL="3TY9J" authority="Johansen, 1987: 55" authorityName="Johansen" authorityPageNumber="55" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,633,1264,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Leptothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="septemtrionalis">
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FF0AFB59FE464751" box="[151,430,1264,1286]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Leptothrips septemtrionalis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="2F286776FFAAAC15FE29FB59FD914751" author="Johansen" box="[436,633,1264,1286]" page="55" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" year="1987">
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<bibRefCitation id="CA183C96FFAAAC15FE29FB59FDBB4751" author="Johansen" box="[436,595,1264,1286]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" refString="Johansen, R. M. (1987) El genero Leptothrips Hood, 1909 (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) en el continente Americano: su sistematica, filogenia, biogeografia, biologia, conducta y ecologia. Monografias del Instituto de Biologia. Universidad Nacional de Mexico, 3, 1 - 246." type="journal article" year="1987">Johansen, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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: 55
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FD19FB46FD2F4752" bold="true" box="[644,711,1263,1286]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Syn. n</emphasis>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AE364167FFAAAC15FF0AFAA7FD754773" blockId="9.[151,926,1110,1317]" box="[151,669,1294,1317]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="8E996649FFAAAC15FF0AFAA7FD754773" box="[151,669,1294,1317]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
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<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFAAAC15FF0AFAA7FDA24773" ID-CoL="3TY8Z" authority="Johansen, 1987: 61" authorityName="Johansen" authorityPageNumber="61" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,586,1294,1316]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Leptothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maliaffinis">
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FF0AFAA7FE964773" box="[151,382,1294,1316]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Leptothrips maliaffinis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="2F286776FFAAAC15FE19FAA7FDA24773" author="Johansen" box="[388,586,1294,1316]" page="61" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" year="1987">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="CA183C96FFAAAC15FE19FAA7FDCD4773" author="Johansen" box="[388,549,1294,1316]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" refString="Johansen, R. M. (1987) El genero Leptothrips Hood, 1909 (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) en el continente Americano: su sistematica, filogenia, biogeografia, biologia, conducta y ecologia. Monografias del Instituto de Biologia. Universidad Nacional de Mexico, 3, 1 - 246." type="journal article" year="1987">Johansen, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
: 61
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FDC9FAA7FD7F4773" bold="true" box="[596,663,1294,1317]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Syn. n</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="AE364167FFAAAC16FF0AFAF8FD6C434B" blockId="9.[151,1437,1361,2034]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="311" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
|
|||
|
|
<materialsCitation id="1EE14B3AFFAAAC16FF0AFAF8FD6C434B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1576193766" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="311" location="Virginia" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" specimenCount="7" stateProvince="Virginia" typeStatus="holotype">
|
|||
|
|
Johansen distinguished
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFAAAC15FE3AFAF8FDF7473D" ID-CoL="3TY8Z" authorityName="Johansen" authorityYear="1987" box="[423,543,1361,1386]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Leptothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maliaffinis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FE3AFAF8FDF7473D" box="[423,543,1361,1386]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">maliaffinis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFAAAC15FDC1FAF8FCE1473D" ID-CoL="3TY9J" authorityName="Johansen" authorityYear="1987" box="[604,777,1361,1386]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Leptothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="septemtrionalis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FDC1FAF8FCE1473D" box="[604,777,1361,1386]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">septemtrionalis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFAAAC15FCCEFAF8FC6D473D" ID-CoL="4GH3Q" authorityName="Fitch." authorityYear="1855" box="[851,901,1361,1386]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Phloeothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mali">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FCCEFAF8FC6D473D" box="[851,901,1361,1386]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">mali</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
on the grounds that specimens of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFAAAC15FA86FAF8FAA5473D" ID-CoL="4GH3Q" authorityName="Fitch." authorityYear="1855" box="[1307,1357,1361,1386]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Phloeothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mali">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FA86FAF8FAA5473D" box="[1307,1357,1361,1386]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">mali</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
lack a major sense cone on the external apical margin of antennal segment IV - that is, he claimed that
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFAAAC15FB5AFADCFB1147D9" ID-CoL="4GH3Q" authorityName="Fitch." authorityYear="1855" box="[1223,1273,1397,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Phloeothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mali">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FB5AFADCFB1147D9" box="[1223,1273,1397,1422]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">mali</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
has only three major sense cones on this segment. However, all available specimens of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFAAAC15FC40FA30FBE747E5" ID-CoL="4GH3Q" authorityName="Fitch." authorityYear="1855" box="[989,1039,1433,1458]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Phloeothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mali">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FC40FA30FBE747E5" box="[989,1039,1433,1458]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">mali</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, including specimens identified as this species by Johansen himself, have on segment IV four well-developed
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FC7CFA14FB5E4781" box="[993,1206,1469,1494]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">sensilla basiconica</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, even though one of these is sometimes smaller than the others. Johansen further distinguished
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFAAAC15FC7EFA48FB7847AD" ID-CoL="3TY9J" authorityName="Johansen" authorityYear="1987" box="[995,1168,1505,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Leptothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="septemtrionalis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FC7EFA48FB7847AD" box="[995,1168,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">septemtrionalis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFAAAC15FB4BFA48FAA647AD" ID-CoL="3TY8Z" authorityName="Johansen" authorityYear="1987" box="[1238,1358,1505,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Leptothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maliaffinis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FB4BFA48FAA647AD" box="[1238,1358,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">maliaffinis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
on the basis that the former lacks a small accessory sense cone (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FCD5F9ACFBB04449" box="[840,1112,1541,1566]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">sensillum coeloconicum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
) on the external margin of antennal segment IV, whereas the latter has such a sense cone. However, although this structure is visible on the right antenna of the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="7132FFC5FFAAAC15FEE5F9E4FE324431" box="[376,474,1613,1638]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
female of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFAAAC15FDCFF9E4FD224431" ID-CoL="3TY8Z" authorityName="Johansen" authorityYear="1987" box="[594,714,1613,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Leptothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maliaffinis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FDCFF9E4FD224431" box="[594,714,1613,1638]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">maliaffinis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
it is not visible on the left antenna, nor on either of the antennae of two available
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="7132FFC5FFAAAC15FEF8F9DBFE3844DD" box="[357,464,1650,1674]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFAAAC15FD9FF9D8FD9244DD" ID-CoL="3TY8Z" authorityName="Johansen" authorityYear="1987" box="[514,634,1649,1674]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Leptothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maliaffinis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FD9FF9D8FD9244DD" box="[514,634,1649,1674]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">maliaffinis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Similarly, this small sense cone is not visible on the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="7132FFC5FFAAAC15FA8BF9D8FA9044DD" box="[1302,1400,1649,1674]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFAAAC15FF0AF93CFEAC44F9" ID-CoL="3TY9J" authorityName="Johansen" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,324,1685,1710]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Leptothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="septemtrionalis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FF0AF93CFEAC44F9" box="[151,324,1685,1710]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">septemtrionalis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
nor one male
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="7132FFC5FFAAAC15FE78F93FFDAD44F9" box="[485,581,1686,1710]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
from
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="6C4D8F85FFAAAC15FD17F93CFD0044F9" box="[650,744,1685,1710]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
, but is clearly visible on the left (but not the right) antenna of a female
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="7132FFC5FFAAAC15FE9DF913FE884485" box="[256,352,1722,1746]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFAAAC15FE15F910FDDD4485" ID-CoL="3TY9J" authorityName="Johansen" authorityYear="1987" box="[392,565,1721,1746]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Leptothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="septemtrionalis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FE15F910FDDD4485" box="[392,565,1721,1746]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">septemtrionalis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
from near Blacksburg. There is no evidence from any of the available slides that the small sense cone has been broken off during slide preparation, and the assumption here is therefore that its presence is variable (or that its visibility is variable on slide-mounted specimens). One female from
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="6C4D8F85FFAAAC15FAB0F8A8FA70454D" box="[1325,1432,1793,1818]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
, identified by Johansen as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFAAAC15FE20F88CFDAB4569" ID-CoL="32389" authorityName="Daniel" authorityYear="1904" box="[445,579,1829,1854]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Cryptothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californicus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FE20F88CFDAB4569" box="[445,579,1829,1854]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">californicus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, has this minute sense cone visible on the left antenna but not the right. As discussed above,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFAAAC15FEC4F8E0FE4E4535" ID-CoL="3TY8R" authorityName="Johansen" authorityYear="1987" box="[345,422,1865,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Leptothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gurdus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FEC4F8E0FE4E4535" box="[345,422,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">gurdus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
was described by Johansen as having the tube short and conical, but that wording does not seem appropriate to the tube of either the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="7132FFC5FFAAAC15FD1CF8C4FD0B45D1" box="[641,739,1901,1926]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
female (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="36B25DE2FFAAAC15FCD1F8C4FC4845D1" box="[844,928,1901,1926]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 16" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1432,1455]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1411]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,195,1411]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 16. Leptothrips species of North America – abdominal segment X (tube). (10) mali female; (11) mali Male; (12) pini; (13) oribates (brevicapitis holotype); (14) gurdus holotype; (15) opimus holotype; (16) robustus holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/832564/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) or the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="7132FFC5FFAAAC15FB9DF8C7FB8845D1" box="[1024,1120,1902,1926]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
male, and these specimens cannot be distinguished from the common species
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFAAAC15FD42F838FCF945FD" ID-CoL="4GH3Q" authorityName="Fitch." authorityYear="1855" box="[735,785,1937,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Phloeothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mali">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FD42F838FCF945FD" box="[735,785,1937,1962]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">mali</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Johansen also placed
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFAAAC15FB86F838FB6045FD" ID-CoL="3V8NQ" box="[1051,1160,1937,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Liothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mcconelli">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FB86F838FB6045FD" box="[1051,1160,1937,1962]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">mcconelli</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in the same group with
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFAAAC15FF0AF81CFF214599" ID-CoL="4GH3Q" authorityName="Fitch." authorityYear="1855" box="[151,201,1973,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Phloeothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mali">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FF0AF81CFF214599" box="[151,201,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">mali</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
as having only three major sense cones on antennal segment IV, but placed
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFAAAC15FBDBF81CFB244599" ID-CoL="32389" authorityName="Daniel" authorityYear="1904" box="[1094,1228,1973,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Cryptothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californicus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FBDBF81CFB244599" box="[1094,1228,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">californicus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in the group with
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFAAAC15FF0AF870FEE745A5" ID-CoL="3TY8Z" authorityName="Johansen" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,271,2009,2034]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Leptothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maliaffinis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFAAAC15FF0AF870FEE745A5" box="[151,271,2009,2034]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">maliaffinis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
as having four such sense cones. The first of these is here considered a valid species, but the second is returned to synonymy with
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFA9AC16FE56FF3EFE1542E7" ID-CoL="4GH3Q" authorityName="Fitch." authorityYear="1855" box="[459,509,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Phloeothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mali">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFA9AC16FE56FF3EFE1542E7" box="[459,509,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">mali</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. As interpreted here,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFA9AC16FD73FF3EFCC842E7" ID-CoL="4GH3Q" authorityName="Fitch." authorityYear="1855" box="[750,800,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Phloeothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mali">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFA9AC16FD73FF3EFCC842E7" box="[750,800,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">mali</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is variable in the colour and length of antennal segments III and IV, with some individuals having these segments largely brown and slender, but others having them shorter and yellow in the basal half. Similar variation in the colour and shape of these antennal segments occurs in the closely related western species,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFA9AC16FE60FEADFD95434A" ID-CoL="3TY8S" authorityName="Hood" authorityYear="1927" box="[509,637,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Leptothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heliomanes">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFA9AC16FE60FEADFD95434A" box="[509,637,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">heliomanes</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|