125 lines
20 KiB
XML
125 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<document id="232FE939E15AE5D794CE5FCE028B0E11" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2bf8b468-ae61-430b-8b00-3bd0750e8921" ModsDocID="z01129p023" checkinTime="1247230219934" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Ulrich K. Schliewen & Frank Schäfer" docDate="2006" docId="FCE40701744E0C3F6F800185C5A674CA" docLanguage="en" docName="2006_Schliewen_Schäfer_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1129" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8B7CD44D-AC26-4FFE-A7CE-3C9521A6F556" docTitle="Polypterus retropinnis Vaillant 1899" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="943F7E0D3B394CF28EC315D7DE05B4B2" masterDocTitle="Polypterus mokelembembe, a new species of bichir from the central Congo River basin (Actinopterygii: Cladistia: Polypteridae)." masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1701326069458" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="71609445079EF267D2357FF36A523A4D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B220266079BD215C86D1485318A29200">
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<mods:title id="5CB90C4D519D67404294F319361976D6">Polypterus mokelembembe, a new species of bichir from the central Congo River basin (Actinopterygii: Cladistia: Polypteridae).</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="4F0C7DA62F20A2852124365603C18CD8" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="663411E159F288FF814C966D63C91770">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="725A4ACD92A1008E577EAE9F1BFA0FD3">Ulrich K. Schliewen</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="59A253A783033788AD4BA52002F43645" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="91F48180CD5E8F4032E3DB4863662D0F">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4EB442D54F0134B64093261D7D62137B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2CA463482B4CC714E7CF5B3A921F31D8">Frank Schäfer</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BEB650BE8EA4FD8B884293613398F3ED">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem id="C209B14067CDB5F9A02BDCA43CB496CF" type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo id="93747818E474E6DC67A8A95608D2D452">
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<mods:title id="9D5F300993E7E88466B7041DBBDE239C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="D8D65F94B13A6A8D9E0574E5AE4ADB79">
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<mods:date id="2902C3A63C6533FB0AD48D8C5A9AA093">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="4C869C3238107DA54697487A7C570E95" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="5C6A6D81981A4FABC30BBE8C6A9878EA">1129</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="548968432B17CC30ABE33CFF1A75F4A0" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="EDB221AB0F48BA99C75D6F3DA0159A89">23</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="25F0642011D2F7FAC74723C5772E15CE">36</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:location id="2FA7A84FAD2FAA855C562E88561A2062">
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<mods:url id="2480359D3A25371905CF0E6CD0ED841C">http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8B7CD44D-AC26-4FFE-A7CE-3C9521A6F556</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="C54D00584CBB014307E446E29C1D946D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C45F1B1F24F6EF522B4CD1B3D0AFD9EA" type="Plazi-Custom">z01129p023</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="FCE40701744E0C3F6F800185C5A674CA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6262469" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100122038" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6262469" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FCE40701744E0C3F6F800185C5A674CA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FCE40701744E0C3F6F800185C5A674CA" lastPageNumber="32" pageNumber="31">
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<subSubSection id="DE4C9EDB4A4A455C98F206F3D81C825D" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2ADF20B42CB22045049D59E0E94FFB21">
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[[
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<taxonomicName id="A251866840061A63BA38A82B7F6D0568" ID-CoL="4LKQM" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:15A4DA97-CDA9-41AC-9BB5-DA878D0BFFD9" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus retropinnis Vaillant 1899:219 [1]" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retropinnis">Polypterus retropinnis Vaillant, 1899</taxonomicName>
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]]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CD22F11E2D914280EA39BB4D0E14D768" pageNumber="31">
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Lectotype designation and rediagnosis of
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<taxonomicName id="969B83404295C77290912AA2AFDD18D9" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:15A4DA97-CDA9-41AC-9BB5-DA878D0BFFD9" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus retropinnis Vaillant 1899:219 [1]" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retropinnis">Polypterus retropinnis Vaillant, 1899</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9576EA4AF56CDFEE688A63FA90552C2D" lastPageNumber="32" pageNumber="31">
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The species name
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<taxonomicName id="1843356A359D7860E6E847870B6E6C55" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:15A4DA97-CDA9-41AC-9BB5-DA878D0BFFD9" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus retropinnis Vaillant 1899:219 [1]" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retropinnis">retropinnis</taxonomicName>
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has been applied, in the scientific literature (Gosse, 1988, Britz, 2004), both to specimens conspecific with Bertin´s “holotype” (of
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<taxonomicName id="4A7AD5F22BE853DF2F35D41DC75FAC1B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:15A4DA97-CDA9-41AC-9BB5-DA878D0BFFD9" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus retropinnis Vaillant 1899:219 [1]" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retropinnis">P. retropinnis</taxonomicName>
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) and to specimens conspecific with the two remaining syntypes. Despite Bertin´s listing of the “holotype,” as well as a similar listing in Eschmeyer (1998:1443; and online catalogue), there is no indication that Vaillant designated a holotype in his original description of
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<taxonomicName id="0740E6A64F408D323940A0C14E008416" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:15A4DA97-CDA9-41AC-9BB5-DA878D0BFFD9" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus retropinnis Vaillant 1899:219 [1]" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retropinnis">Polypterus retropinnis</taxonomicName>
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. Although Bertin's subsequent action could be interpreted as a lectotype designation, this runs counter to ICZN Article 74.5, which states that, for lectotype designations made before 2000, either the term “lectotype” or “the type” must be used. The article further states that “when the original work reveals that the taxon had been based on more than one specimen, a subsequent use of the term “holotype” does not constitute a valid lectotype designation ...” In order to firmly establish the species name
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<taxonomicName id="2EEB16D3F3BFA4EC9BD92093EA913C2A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:15A4DA97-CDA9-41AC-9BB5-DA878D0BFFD9" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus retropinnis Vaillant 1899:219 [1]" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retropinnis">retropinnis</taxonomicName>
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, specimen MNHN 1886-295 is accordingly designated the lectotype of
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<taxonomicName id="9429D646B8898995B1B6EE06D0FD5DA3" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:15A4DA97-CDA9-41AC-9BB5-DA878D0BFFD9" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus retropinnis Vaillant 1899:219 [1]" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retropinnis">Polypterus retropinnis</taxonomicName>
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, and a rediagnosis of the species is included in this paper. The lectotype designation of this specimen follows recommendations 74A and 74B for Article 74.7 of the ICZN (1999), because this largest specimen of the type series is the first specimen that was illustrated (Boulenger, 1909), and because Bertin (1940) had referred to this specimen as the “holotype”. Although the latter act was nomenclatorially invalid, the intended restriction was implicitly accepted later by Britz (2004: 185), who listed specimen MNHN 1886-295 as “holotype,” and listed and illustrated specimen MNHN1886-297 as “paratype” (Britz, 2004: 184-185).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D5EE9F0B79A646F30D979A74D3893ADF" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="BB047A0AAAD149587291BEF92C01F98D" pageNumber="32">
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The following rediagnosis of
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<taxonomicName id="E45D1B7140376212C59D4BB21D4EEC84" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:15A4DA97-CDA9-41AC-9BB5-DA878D0BFFD9" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus retropinnis Vaillant 1899:219 [1]" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retropinnis">P. retropinnis</taxonomicName>
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is provided since the type series of
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<taxonomicName id="EB0F33F88A2DF9E5AD4A524172884A27" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:15A4DA97-CDA9-41AC-9BB5-DA878D0BFFD9" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus retropinnis Vaillant 1899:219 [1]" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retropinnis">P. retropinnis</taxonomicName>
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originally consisted of two species, one of which is herein described as
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<taxonomicName id="3F0BD3F0A8DC1E9FD4B1C8B120798C63" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5897A803-BA6C-49B2-97B5-6D2E594E62AD" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus mokelembembe Schliewen & Schäfer 2006" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mokelembembe">P. mokelembembe</taxonomicName>
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. See Figs. lb-3b for general appearance.
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<taxonomicName id="5B86FD347CD858BD069501A58E93073F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:15A4DA97-CDA9-41AC-9BB5-DA878D0BFFD9" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus retropinnis Vaillant 1899:219 [1]" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retropinnis">Polypterus retropinnis</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished from all other species of
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<taxonomicName id="2614C0E039B9762495B9D6E04C5E82FF" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B865A005-F1DE-4C23-BA3D-BFD3804C517A" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus Lacépède 1803:340" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Polypterus</taxonomicName>
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except
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<taxonomicName id="8D7685E2FF99B6F0C76CC3233854E6DB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5897A803-BA6C-49B2-97B5-6D2E594E62AD" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus mokelembembe Schliewen & Schäfer 2006" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mokelembembe">P. mokelembembe</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="BD22556120950956354668575D38414E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:76A406B4-9A2B-41FF-B2E1-1754CD0E6561" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus ornatipinnis Boulenger 1902:23" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatipinnis">P. ornatipinnis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="7A7C49F5F73241985B1A3F100AD9BAF1" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:850E8201-2A58-4BD9-9467-B6E059B078FD" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus teugelsi Britz 2004:180" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teugelsi">P. teugelsi</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="80BD7EB472C67B12C61D6C69EF5240F3" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BBE9018A-D1F0-438C-BB44-392CCBA05333" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus palmas Ayres 1850:241" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmas">P. palmas</taxonomicName>
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ssp. in having a high predorsal-scale count (26-34 vs. 11-25). It differs from
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<taxonomicName id="F0981B12BEC70F539A43FB2A35B5F41F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:76A406B4-9A2B-41FF-B2E1-1754CD0E6561" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus ornatipinnis Boulenger 1902:23" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatipinnis">P. ornatipinnis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="288E5896AA18D05562C5F548EF32A979" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:850E8201-2A58-4BD9-9467-B6E059B078FD" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus teugelsi Britz 2004:180" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teugelsi">P. teugelsi</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="9AF39F65B34772BD62EF1AB84BAB096B" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="palmas" subSpecies="polli">P. p. polli</taxonomicName>
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in having 57-60 lateral-line scales (vs. 61-65 in
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<taxonomicName id="76AE169ADEBB5538DC0C329766C11A8C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:76A406B4-9A2B-41FF-B2E1-1754CD0E6561" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus ornatipinnis Boulenger 1902:23" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatipinnis">P. ornatipinnis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="37A8457DBBDB11E9FD9533A3AE5544F7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:850E8201-2A58-4BD9-9467-B6E059B078FD" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus teugelsi Britz 2004:180" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teugelsi">P. teugelsi</taxonomicName>
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and 52-55 in
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<taxonomicName id="73EEA2833E2886E97491C10927781B34" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="palmas" subSpecies="polli">P. p. polli</taxonomicName>
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), from
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<taxonomicName id="7A902D274F4942DDCF23B88C16D375BE" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="palmas" subSpecies="palmas">Polypterus p. palmas</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="99236F9B3F0F82A22953CEF8D185AE0E" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="palmas" subSpecies="buettikoferi">P. p. buettikoferi</taxonomicName>
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by having a single large black blotch on the pectoral-fin base (vs. numerous small spots on posterior part of base), and from
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<taxonomicName id="1D0C854476662D09D80977EDBB70064D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5897A803-BA6C-49B2-97B5-6D2E594E62AD" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus mokelembembe Schliewen & Schäfer 2006" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mokelembembe">P. mokelembembe</taxonomicName>
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by having a narrower first dorsal fin-spine (4.6-6.1 vs. 6.4-8.1 % of HL), a greater internostril distance (14.3-18.0 vs. 11.6-13.7 % of HL), and more pectoral-fin rays (30-34 vs. 23-29). In addition, living specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="656C0313124079A9073895FFB7FC8A86" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:15A4DA97-CDA9-41AC-9BB5-DA878D0BFFD9" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus retropinnis Vaillant 1899:219 [1]" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retropinnis">P. retropinnis</taxonomicName>
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differ from all congeners in their iris coloration, which consists of creamy white areas and black dots alternating with each other around the iris. However, this character state is rarely visible in preserved specimens.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9ACEDEA84B772FC58043B02B924FF87D" lastPageNumber="33" pageNumber="32">
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Remarks on the juvenile coloration of
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<taxonomicName id="E180B156D095AA460D94A99821FA7B11" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:15A4DA97-CDA9-41AC-9BB5-DA878D0BFFD9" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus retropinnis Vaillant 1899:219 [1]" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retropinnis">P. retropinnis</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 6). For different species of
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<taxonomicName id="1BA5F3F076A30DC8306338B83115462F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B865A005-F1DE-4C23-BA3D-BFD3804C517A" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus Lacépède 1803:340" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Polypterus</taxonomicName>
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, juvenile coloration (where known) may or may not differ strikingly from adult coloration (Boulenger, 1902, Britz & Bartsch, 1999), but tends to be brighter and more contrasting as compared with large specimens. In
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<taxonomicName id="8FF7106BE5DB5DBD1DB99AB168D56067" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5897A803-BA6C-49B2-97B5-6D2E594E62AD" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus mokelembembe Schliewen & Schäfer 2006" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mokelembembe">Polypterus mokelembembe</taxonomicName>
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, the smallest specimen available (MRAC 79224) already exhibits the adult coloration. In contrast, the coloration in juvenile
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<taxonomicName id="0A42665D27595DA2379C4026C9912703" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:15A4DA97-CDA9-41AC-9BB5-DA878D0BFFD9" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus retropinnis Vaillant 1899:219 [1]" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retropinnis">Polypterus retropinnis</taxonomicName>
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differs strikingly from the adult coloration. In very small specimens (TL up to approx. 50 mm) the body is uniformly brown, with many light spots, whereas in larger specimens there is a pattern of dark crossbars on the back, with light interspaces. These crossbars merge with two to three narrow and ill-defined midlateral longitudinal stripes. At this stage, three dark horizontal stripes are present on the head, of which the uppermost and median stripes start immediately behind the eye and the lowermost starts below the bottom of the orbit. Remnants of the last stripe are retained in the adult coloration to form the “tearstripe,“ which is characteristic of many
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<taxonomicName id="4A919F4638BC6B49777B7049734059C0" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B865A005-F1DE-4C23-BA3D-BFD3804C517A" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Polypterus Lacépède 1803:340" order="Polypteriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Polypterus</taxonomicName>
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species (see
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<normalizedToken id="D809EFB10ABABF387EC81F46C368BB13" originalValue="Schäfer">Schaefer</normalizedToken>
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[2004] for additional photographs).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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