377 lines
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377 lines
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<document id="8A70CB54369E75B2224C447C4144B027" ID-DOI="10.5252/zoosystema2023v45a24" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10376749" ID-ZooBank="8D29DD39-7ADC-4B36-8E95-3A3F930301D6" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1702550306159" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Josse, Hugo, Faberon, Léo, Schubnel, Thomas, Nel, André & Desutter-Grandcolas, Laure" docDate="2023" docId="FB7687BDFFD4C73A7765FAD45D9026C5" docLanguage="en" docName="zoosystema.2023.45.24.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 45 (24)" docSource="https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2023v45a24.pdf" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5CC576F744449C1860B4E72ABD884631.7:Zoosystema.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="5CC576F744449C1860B4E72ABD884631" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Gryllotalpidae According" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="782" masterDocId="074FFFC5FFDFC7357448FFC05C7A2049" masterDocTitle="Reconciliation between neontology and paleontology in the Gryllidea (Orthoptera, Ensifera): reinterpreting the venation of the stridulatory apparatus in crickets" masterLastPageNumber="801" masterPageNumber="769" pageNumber="778" updateTime="1702658575032" updateUser="tatiana" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="AD67E28AD00CBAF517679E264771DAEF">Reconciliation between neontology and paleontology in the Gryllidea (Orthoptera, Ensifera): reinterpreting the venation of the stridulatory apparatus in crickets</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8E8A974FE31A333CF9F613A240E3E335">Josse, Hugo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="61954FD5ED8A61E5DF7923467D32A0D3">Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB) Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, case postale 53, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) & Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="69A92CEAAE29A258758842EEAFBDCF7D" type="email">hugojosse98@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="A5AFA640D93A16FE69668D90F1C6C943">Faberon, Léo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="08FC067E187FBD6646E43D2659920E18">Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB) Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, case postale 53, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="077783EFF1DBEBBBEA47A5C8C22A40E4">Schubnel, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F6B13EBCCBE2AC74097AAAF34A2CC73D">Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB) Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, case postale 53, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F816ED27EAA7E1A83B9E83FD473D1C07">Nel, André</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7DA03D0A8E5D6C96280FCFCC2C3B740B">Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB) Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, case postale 53, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4AE1F9D4189D7EC5F4D524F391751B12">Desutter-Grandcolas, Laure</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="619B90D7B47E095BCA757FC98E3E879C">Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB) Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, case postale 53, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="34F93DF2D947E5186E6253C6D8A93B3C">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="27F29020C3335A73EBE1720619DB9577">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1B50E3206E4C21FBC3864A7360A52389">2023-12-13</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6337BC82CADA3A6193572A20218C6649">45</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DE3BF3ABB11AB4DF42CA003599509347">24</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="75F736E808A6615126B1B273AFF8CC0F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A2C01B773574224EF0C86E6664A0524E" type="DOI">10.5252/zoosystema2023v45a24</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EA7F6D158F872C015C0EA91E1333EC1F" type="ISSN">1638-9387</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="FB7687BDFFD4C73A7765FAD45D9026C5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB7687BDFFD4C73A7765FAD45D9026C5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB7687BDFFD4C73A7765FAD45D9026C5" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="782" pageId="11" pageNumber="778">
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<subSubSection id="3BC56520FFD4C73E7765FAD459212565" box="[813,1371,1300,1326]" pageId="11" pageNumber="778" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="736036ABFFD4C73E7765FAD459212565" blockId="11.[811,1457,1300,2027]" box="[813,1371,1300,1326]" pageId="11" pageNumber="778">
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<heading id="282881C7FFD4C73E7765FAD459212565" box="[813,1371,1300,1326]" pageId="11" pageNumber="778">
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<smallCapsWord id="7586A077FFD4C73E7765FAD45FD82565" baselines="1319,1319" box="[813,930,1300,1326]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Forewing" pageId="11" pageNumber="778">FOREWING</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="7586A077FFD4C73E77E1FAD9586D2565" baselines="1319" box="[937,1047,1305,1324]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="venation" pageId="11" pageNumber="778">VENATION</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="7586A077FFD4C73E7056FAD958072565" baselines="1319" box="[1054,1149,1305,1324]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="pattern" pageId="11" pageNumber="778">PATTERN</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="7586A077FFD4C73E70CBFAD958E12565" baselines="1319" box="[1155,1179,1305,1324]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="in" pageId="11" pageNumber="778">IN</smallCapsWord>
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<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD4C73E70EAFAD459212565" ID-CoL="8NKKZ" authority="According" authorityName="According" box="[1186,1371,1300,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllotalpidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="778" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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<smallCapsWord id="7586A077FFD4C73E70EAFAD459212565" baselines="1319,1319" box="[1186,1371,1300,1326]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Gryllotalpidae" pageId="11" pageNumber="778">GRYLLOTALPIDAE</smallCapsWord>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3BC56520FFD4C73A7765FAF35D9026C5" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="782" pageId="11" pageNumber="778" type="description">
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<paragraph id="736036ABFFD4C73E7765FAF3593325E4" blockId="11.[811,1457,1300,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="778">
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According to our hypothesis, the venation of the lateral field of mole crickets is almost the same as in the crickets
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<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD4C73E7131FA9459CA2524" box="[1401,1456,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="778">s. str.</emphasis>
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and fossil families. Indeed, even if their bases are very close, we can identify the C, Sc, R and M+CuA (
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<figureCitation id="EBE42A2EFFD4C73E70B2FA53594125E4" box="[1274,1339,1427,1453]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[133,144,823,841]" captionTargetBox="[132,1450,215,778]" captionTargetId="graphics-773@14.[132,1413,215,778]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Hypothesis of primary venation homology of forewing of male Scapteriscus sp. MNHN-EO-ENSIF3069 (Gryllotalpidae).Abbreviations and colour code: see text. Grey dash lines represent folds. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376764/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="778">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="736036ABFFD4C73B770BFA735E1E27E2" blockId="11.[811,1457,1300,2027]" lastBlockId="14.[130,777,917,2027]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="781" pageId="11" pageNumber="778">
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Lateral field. In the proximal half of the wing, Sc, R and M+CuA veins are almost parallel to each other. The C is fused basally with the Sc, and is composed of several slender branches directed anteriorly. Sc has the same branching shape as in
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<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD4C73E7767F9F25FD92605" box="[815,931,1586,1612]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Grylloidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="776" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Grylloidea</taxonomicName>
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, and we also do not distinguish between ScA and ScP in mole crickets. R, posterior to Sc, is strong and convex. M+CuA is the most posterior vein of the lateral field. Four distal branches are usually present in the lateral field and in the so-called ‘flexible zone’ (
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<figureCitation id="EBE42A2EFFD4C73E7065F97258142685" box="[1069,1134,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[133,144,823,841]" captionTargetBox="[132,1450,215,778]" captionTargetId="graphics-773@14.[132,1413,215,778]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Hypothesis of primary venation homology of forewing of male Scapteriscus sp. MNHN-EO-ENSIF3069 (Gryllotalpidae).Abbreviations and colour code: see text. Grey dash lines represent folds. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376764/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="778">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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): The two most anterior veins are identified as RA and RP, while the other two may be MA and MP. RA and RP are both strong, but the RP appears to be slightly concave compared to the very convex RA. MA is clearly stronger than MP and convex, while MP is concave. Just at the base of the flexible zone, a small cell is visible. According to our hypothesis, this small cell could be homologous to the lanceolate cell of
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<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD4C73E7055F85158F627E2" box="[1053,1164,1937,1963]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Grylloidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="776" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Grylloidea</taxonomicName>
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and fossil taxa (
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<figureCitation id="EBE42A2EFFD4C73E7167F851591627E2" box="[1327,1388,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1218,1236]" captionTargetBox="[132,765,216,1173]" captionTargetId="graphics-753@15.[123,805,215,1175]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 8. — Hypotheses of primary venation homology of forewing of A, †Angarogryllus angaricus (Sharov 1968) (PIN 1873-16, †Protogryllidae, cf fig. 6A); B, Gryllotalpa sp. (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3938, Gryllotalpidae); C, Scapteriscus sp. (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3068, Gryllotalpidae). Abbreviations and colour code: see text. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376766/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="778">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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). This interpretation necessitates numerous vein reorganisation (i.e., change of vein polarity and thickness), but it is well-supported by similarities between this cell and the lanceolate cell of fossil crickets (as in †
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<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD1C73B7500FC755E402387" baseAuthorityName="Sharov" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[328,570,949,975]" class="Insecta" family="Protogryllidae" genus="Angarogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="781" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angaricus">
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<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD1C73B7500FC755E402387" box="[328,570,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="781">Angarogryllus angaricus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<figureCitation id="EBE42A2EFFD1C73B7600FC755EE92386" box="[584,659,949,975]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1218,1236]" captionTargetBox="[132,765,216,1173]" captionTargetId="graphics-753@15.[123,805,215,1175]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 8. — Hypotheses of primary venation homology of forewing of A, †Angarogryllus angaricus (Sharov 1968) (PIN 1873-16, †Protogryllidae, cf fig. 6A); B, Gryllotalpa sp. (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3938, Gryllotalpidae); C, Scapteriscus sp. (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3068, Gryllotalpidae). Abbreviations and colour code: see text. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376766/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="781">Fig.8A</figureCitation>
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), as shown by: the presence of a curved crossvein r-m between R and M; the presence of a fold crossing part of M+CuA after its point of contact with r-m and then crossing this cell; the relative positions of the veins that define the lanceolate cell of crickets; and the relative convexities of the four distal veins of this area (RA/RP and MA/MP). According to this scheme, r-m would have been reinforced in the continuity of the M+CuA in some species as
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<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD1C73B74A3FB745DFC2487" box="[235,390,1204,1230]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllotalpidae" genus="Scapteriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="781" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD1C73B74A3FB745D182487" box="[235,354,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="781">Scapteriscus</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="EBE42A2EFFD1C73B75DBFB745D9C2487" box="[403,486,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1218,1236]" captionTargetBox="[132,765,216,1173]" captionTargetId="graphics-753@15.[123,805,215,1175]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 8. — Hypotheses of primary venation homology of forewing of A, †Angarogryllus angaricus (Sharov 1968) (PIN 1873-16, †Protogryllidae, cf fig. 6A); B, Gryllotalpa sp. (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3938, Gryllotalpidae); C, Scapteriscus sp. (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3068, Gryllotalpidae). Abbreviations and colour code: see text. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376766/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="781">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), while the weak transverse vein that borders basally the lanceolate cell would be the ‘real’ M+CuA. But this pattern is not present in all
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD1C73B762FFB335F7E2544" box="[615,772,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllotalpidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="781" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gryllotalpidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
: for example, in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD1C73B756CFAD35DC22567" box="[292,440,1299,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllotalpidae" genus="Gryllotalpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="781" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD1C73B756CFAD35DEC2564" box="[292,406,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="781">Gryllotalpa</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
sp.
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="EBE42A2EFFD1C73B758CFAD35E682567" box="[452,530,1299,1326]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1218,1236]" captionTargetBox="[132,765,216,1173]" captionTargetId="graphics-753@15.[123,805,215,1175]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 8. — Hypotheses of primary venation homology of forewing of A, †Angarogryllus angaricus (Sharov 1968) (PIN 1873-16, †Protogryllidae, cf fig. 6A); B, Gryllotalpa sp. (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3938, Gryllotalpidae); C, Scapteriscus sp. (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3068, Gryllotalpidae). Abbreviations and colour code: see text. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376766/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="781">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), r-m is slightly oblique (as in some †
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD1C73B7543FAF35DDC2504" box="[267,422,1331,1357]" class="Insecta" family="Protogryllidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="781" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Protogryllidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
) and weaker than the main veins (except the part of M+CuA that forms the base of the lanceolate cell, which is as weak as in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD1C73B7592FAB35E0225C4" box="[474,632,1395,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllotalpidae" genus="Scapteriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="781" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD1C73B7592FAB35E2B25C4" box="[474,593,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="781">Scapteriscus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
sp.
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
). In fact, the polarity and orientation of the veins delimiting this cell are variable according to the species, making the identification of the vein bordering distally the lanceolate cell very complicated: it will be called here ‘r-m2’ because of its relative position (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="EBE42A2EFFD1C73B74C6F9D25CAA2664" box="[142,208,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1218,1236]" captionTargetBox="[132,765,216,1173]" captionTargetId="graphics-753@15.[123,805,215,1175]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 8. — Hypotheses of primary venation homology of forewing of A, †Angarogryllus angaricus (Sharov 1968) (PIN 1873-16, †Protogryllidae, cf fig. 6A); B, Gryllotalpa sp. (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3938, Gryllotalpidae); C, Scapteriscus sp. (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3068, Gryllotalpidae). Abbreviations and colour code: see text. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376766/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="781">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), but we are aware of three possible interpretations for these veins. A first hypothesis would consider this very strong and convex ‘r-m2’ as another anterior branch of MA, but this would imply a change in convexity distally, when this branch merges with RP (because RP+MA would be concave). Another hypothesis is that ‘r-m2’ is the result of the capture of the base of RP (before its fusion with MA, see in †
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD1C73B76FDF9125D4F2745" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="781">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD1C73B76FDF9125D4B2745" baseAuthorityName="Sharov" baseAuthorityYear="1968" class="Insecta" family="Protogryllidae" genus="Angarogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="781" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angaricus">Angarogryllus angaricus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="EBE42A2EFFD1C73B7573F9325DF12745" box="[315,395,1778,1804]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1218,1236]" captionTargetBox="[132,765,216,1173]" captionTargetId="graphics-753@15.[123,805,215,1175]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 8. — Hypotheses of primary venation homology of forewing of A, †Angarogryllus angaricus (Sharov 1968) (PIN 1873-16, †Protogryllidae, cf fig. 6A); B, Gryllotalpa sp. (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3938, Gryllotalpidae); C, Scapteriscus sp. (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3068, Gryllotalpidae). Abbreviations and colour code: see text. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376766/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="781">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) by the very distal part of RP (after its separation with MA,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="EBE42A2EFFD1C73B75C1F8D25DA62765" box="[393,476,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1218,1236]" captionTargetBox="[132,765,216,1173]" captionTargetId="graphics-753@15.[123,805,215,1175]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 8. — Hypotheses of primary venation homology of forewing of A, †Angarogryllus angaricus (Sharov 1968) (PIN 1873-16, †Protogryllidae, cf fig. 6A); B, Gryllotalpa sp. (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3938, Gryllotalpidae); C, Scapteriscus sp. (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3068, Gryllotalpidae). Abbreviations and colour code: see text. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376766/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="781">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), a scheme that could apply to some
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD1C73B7494F8F15D362702" box="[220,332,1841,1867]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Grylloidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="776" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Grylloidea</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(like
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD1C73B75CEF8F15E512705" box="[390,555,1841,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Phyllogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="781" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD1C73B75CEF8F15E7C2702" box="[390,518,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="781">Phyllogryllus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
sp.
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, see
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="EBE42A2EFFD1C73B7611F8F15ED22705" box="[601,680,1841,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[133,144,1583,1601]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,203,1553]" captionTargetId="graphics-253@10.[132,1444,240,1511]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Hypothesis of primary homology of venation of male Grylloidea: A, Brachytrupes membranaceus (Drury, 1773) (MNHN-EO-ENSIF9769, Gryllidae); B, Phyllogryllus sp. (MNHN-EO-ENSIF9768, Oecanthidae). Abbreviations and colour code: see text. Grey dash lines represent folds. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376758/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="781">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Finally, r-m2 could just be a reinforced crossvein between R and M. Clearly, the origin of the ‘r-m2’ vein cannot be determined with certainty according to our observations.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="27A06623FFD3C73974CCF85458B027A3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376760" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10376760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376760/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="779" startId="12.[132,143,1940,1958]" targetBox="[132,1456,169,1827]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="736036ABFFD3C73974CCF85458B027A3" blockId="12.[132,1457,1940,2026]" pageId="12" pageNumber="779">
|
|||
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="7586A077FFD3C73974CCF8545CE727EC" baselines="1953,1954" box="[132,157,1940,1958]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="12" pageNumber="779">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
|||
|
|
. 5. — Hypothesis of primary venation homology in male
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD3C739763AF8545EBC27EF" box="[626,710,1940,1958]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Grylloidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="776" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Grylloidea</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
with particular forewing venation:
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD3C73977A9F8545F9427EF" bold="true" box="[993,1006,1940,1958]" pageId="12" pageNumber="779">A</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD3C73977B0F854587F27EF" bold="true" box="[1016,1029,1940,1958]" pageId="12" pageNumber="779">B</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, species with ‘shortened’ wings;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD3C7397151F854595C27EF" bold="true" box="[1305,1318,1940,1958]" pageId="12" pageNumber="779">B</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD3C7397178F854594427EF" bold="true" box="[1328,1342,1940,1958]" pageId="12" pageNumber="779">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, species with ‘reduced’ stridulatory apparatus.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD3C73975DFF86A5DDE27F5" bold="true" box="[407,420,1962,1980]" pageId="12" pageNumber="779">A</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD3C73975E6F86A5E6027F5" box="[430,538,1962,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Landreva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD3C73975E6F86A5D8027F5" box="[430,506,1962,1980]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="779">Landreva</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
sp.
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(MNHN-EO-ENSIF9775,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD3C73976A2F86A5F4D27F5" authorityName="Laicharting" authorityYear="1781" box="[746,823,1962,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gryllidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
);
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD3C739770AF86A5F3527F5" bold="true" box="[834,847,1962,1980]" pageId="12" pageNumber="779">B</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD3C7397711F86A581327F5" authority="(Bosc, 1792)" baseAuthorityName="Bosc" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[857,1129,1962,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Nemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD3C7397711F86A5F8727F5" box="[857,1021,1962,1980]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="779">Nemobius sylvestris</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Bosc, 1792)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(MNHN-EO-ENSIF9786,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD3C7397173F86A59D227F5" box="[1339,1448,1962,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Trigonidiidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
);
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD3C73974CCF8015CE8279A" bold="true" box="[132,146,1985,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="779">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD3C73974D3F8015DE5279A" authority="Bruner, 1916" authorityName="Bruner" authorityYear="1916" box="[155,415,1985,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Tafalisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineatipes">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD3C73974D3F8015D49279A" box="[155,307,1985,2003]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="779">Tafalisca lineatipes</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Bruner,1916
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(MNHN-EO-ENSIF9760,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD3C7397627F8015EA6279A" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[623,732,1985,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Oecanthidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Oecanthidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
);
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD3C73976AEF8015E8E279A" bold="true" box="[742,756,1985,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="779">D</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD3C73976B5F8015FDD279A" box="[765,935,1985,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Aphonomorphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD3C73976B5F8015FF2279A" box="[765,904,1985,2003]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="779">Aphonomorphus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
sp.
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(MNHN-EO-ENSIF9764,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD3C739703CF801589B279A" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[1140,1249,1985,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Oecanthidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Oecanthidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
).Abbreviations:
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD3C739712EF80159F1279A" bold="true" box="[1382,1419,1985,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="779">‘ha’,</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
distally opened harp;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD3C7397568F8185D4527A3" bold="true" box="[288,319,2008,2026]" pageId="12" pageNumber="779">‘mi’</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
distally opened mirror; others and colour code: see text.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD3C7397754F8185FDF27A3" bold="true" box="[796,933,2008,2026]" pageId="12" pageNumber="779">Grey dash lines</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
represent folds. Scale bars: 1 mm.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="27A06623FFD2C73874CBF8555F3227A2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376762" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10376762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376762/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="780" startId="13.[131,142,1941,1959]" targetBox="[186,1379,218,1892]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="736036ABFFD2C73874CBF8555F3227A2" blockId="13.[131,1455,1940,2027]" pageId="13" pageNumber="780">
|
|||
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="7586A077FFD2C73874CBF8555CE127EC" baselines="1954,1954" box="[131,155,1941,1959]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="13" pageNumber="780">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
|||
|
|
. 6. — Hypothesis of primary venation homology of male forewing of †
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD2C73876AFF8555F2127EE" box="[743,859,1941,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Protogryllidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="780" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Protogryllidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD2C738772EF8555F0927EE" bold="true" box="[870,883,1941,1959]" pageId="13" pageNumber="780">A</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD2C7387736F8555FF127EE" bold="true" box="[894,907,1941,1959]" pageId="13" pageNumber="780">B</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
) and †
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD2C738778CF855583927EE" authorityName="Gorochov" authorityYear="1985" box="[964,1091,1941,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="780" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baissogryllidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD2C7387006F854581527EE" bold="true" box="[1102,1135,1940,1959]" pageId="13" pageNumber="780">C -E</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
):
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD2C7387037F85558F627EE" bold="true" box="[1151,1164,1941,1959]" pageId="13" pageNumber="780">A</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, †
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD2C73870E9F8555CCB27F4" authority="(Sharov 1968)" baseAuthorityName="Sharov" baseAuthorityYear="1968" class="Insecta" family="Protogryllidae" genus="Angarogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="780" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angaricus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD2C73870E9F855591227EE" box="[1185,1384,1941,1959]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="780">Angarogryllus angaricus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="174E4B5AFFD2C738713BF8545CD727F4" author="SHAROV A. G." pageId="13" pageNumber="780" pagination="1 - 216" refId="ref19687" refString="SHAROV A. G. 1968. - Filogeniya ortopteroidnykh nasekomykh. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta, Akademiya Nauk S. S. S. R., 118, 1 - 216, Moskva. [in Russian, translated in english in 1971: Phylogeny of the Orthopteroidea. Israel program for scientific translations, Keter Press, Jerusalem: 1 - 251.]" type="journal article" year="1968">Sharov 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, PIN 1873-16;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD2C7387567F86B5D4627F4" bold="true" box="[303,316,1963,1981]" pageId="13" pageNumber="780">B</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, †
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD2C7387518F86B5DBD27F4" box="[336,455,1963,1981]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="780">Falsipseculum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD2C7387584F86B5EDD27F4" authority="(Sharov 1968)" baseAuthorityName="Sharov" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[460,679,1963,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Protogryllidae" genus="Falsispeculum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="780" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="karatavicum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD2C7387584F86B5E4A27F4" box="[460,560,1963,1981]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="780">karatavicum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="174E4B5AFFD2C7387672F86B5ED927F4" author="SHAROV A. G." box="[570,675,1963,1981]" pageId="13" pageNumber="780" pagination="1 - 216" refId="ref19687" refString="SHAROV A. G. 1968. - Filogeniya ortopteroidnykh nasekomykh. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta, Akademiya Nauk S. S. S. R., 118, 1 - 216, Moskva. [in Russian, translated in english in 1971: Phylogeny of the Orthopteroidea. Israel program for scientific translations, Keter Press, Jerusalem: 1 - 251.]" type="journal article" year="1968">Sharov 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, PIN 3791/1345;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD2C7387771F86B5F3D27F4" bold="true" box="[825,839,1963,1981]" pageId="13" pageNumber="780">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, †
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD2C7387713F86B58CB27F4" authority="Gorochov, 1992" authorityName="Gorochov" authorityYear="1992" box="[859,1201,1963,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Neosharategia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="780" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxa">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD2C7387713F86B585F27F4" box="[859,1061,1963,1981]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="780">Neosharategia paradoxa</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="174E4B5AFFD2C7387062F86B58CB27F4" author="GOROCHOV A. V." box="[1066,1201,1963,1981]" pageId="13" pageNumber="780" pagination="96 - 102" refId="ref18287" refString="GOROCHOV A. V. 1992. - New and little-known fossil crickets (Orthoptera, Grylloidea) from Eurasia. Paleontological Journal 26: 96 - 102." type="journal article" year="1992">Gorochov, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, PIN 4270-210a;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD2C7387109F86B593527F4" bold="true" box="[1345,1359,1963,1981]" pageId="13" pageNumber="780">D</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, †
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD2C738712AF86B5CC4279D" authorityName="Gorochov" authorityYear="1985" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="780" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baissogryllidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
sp., CCNH-293;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD2C7387503F8025D2D279D" bold="true" box="[331,343,1986,2004]" pageId="13" pageNumber="780">E</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, †
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD2C7387524F8025EB2279D" authority="Gorochov et al., 2006" authorityName="Gorochov" authorityYear="2006" box="[364,712,1986,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Anglogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="780" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lyristes">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD2C7387524F8025E75279D" box="[364,527,1986,2004]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="780">Anglogryllus lyristes</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="174E4B5AFFD2C738765CF8025EB2279D" author="GOROCHOV A. V. & JARZEMBOWSKI E. A. & CORAM R. A." box="[532,712,1986,2004]" pageId="13" pageNumber="780" pagination="641 - 662" refId="ref18426" refString="GOROCHOV A. V., JARZEMBOWSKI E. A. & CORAM R. A. 2006. - Grasshoppers and crickets (Insecta: Orthoptera) from the Lower Cretaceous of Southern England. Cretaceous Research 27: 641 - 662. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2006.03.007" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
|||
|
|
Gorochov
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD2C7387622F8025EE9279D" box="[618,659,1986,2004]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="780">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, 2006
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,MNEMG 2003.46. Abbreviations:
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD2C73877ABF8025870279D" bold="true" box="[995,1034,1986,2004]" pageId="13" pageNumber="780">“ha”</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, distally opened harp;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD2C738708EF8025897279D" bold="true" box="[1222,1261,1986,2004]" pageId="13" pageNumber="780">“mi”</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, distally opened mirror, others and colour code, see text.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD2C73875D3F8185E5927A2" bold="true" box="[411,547,2008,2027]" pageId="13" pageNumber="780">Grey dash lines</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
represent folds. Scale bars: 1 mm.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="27A06623FFD1C73B74CDFCF75E0F2316" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376764" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10376764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376764/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="781" startId="14.[133,144,823,841]" targetBox="[132,1450,215,778]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="736036ABFFD1C73B74CDFCF75E0F2316" blockId="14.[133,1457,822,863]" pageId="14" pageNumber="781">
|
|||
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="7586A077FFD1C73B74CDFCF75CE7230E" baselines="836,836" box="[133,157,823,841]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="14" pageNumber="781">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
|||
|
|
. 7. — Hypothesis of primary venation homology of forewing of male
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD1C73B769CFCF65F252300" box="[724,863,822,841]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllotalpidae" genus="Scapteriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="781" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD1C73B769CFCF65F3A2301" box="[724,832,822,840]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="781">Scapteriscus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
sp.
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
MNHN-EO-ENSIF3069 (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD1C73B7062FCF658DB2301" box="[1066,1185,822,840]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllotalpidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="781" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gryllotalpidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
).Abbreviations and colour code: see text.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD1C73B7499FC8D5D232316" bold="true" box="[209,345,845,863]" pageId="14" pageNumber="781">Grey dash lines</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
represent folds. Scale bar: 1 mm.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="736036ABFFD1C73B74D3F87158BC23A6" blockId="14.[130,777,917,2027]" lastBlockId="14.[811,1457,917,2028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="781">
|
|||
|
|
As in crickets, mole crickets have a median fold between M+CuA and CuPa (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="EBE42A2EFFD1C73B752AF8115DD927A2" box="[354,419,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1218,1236]" captionTargetBox="[132,765,216,1173]" captionTargetId="graphics-753@15.[123,805,215,1175]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 8. — Hypotheses of primary venation homology of forewing of A, †Angarogryllus angaricus (Sharov 1968) (PIN 1873-16, †Protogryllidae, cf fig. 6A); B, Gryllotalpa sp. (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3938, Gryllotalpidae); C, Scapteriscus sp. (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3068, Gryllotalpidae). Abbreviations and colour code: see text. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376766/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="781">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). This fold is clearly less marked than in the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD1C73B77ECFC55586D23E6" box="[932,1047,917,943]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Grylloidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="776" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Grylloidea</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. We can also notice that two distal folds border the flexible zone: one crossing the lanceolate cell and the other running along CuA+CuPaα.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="736036ABFFD1C73B770BFC34594627A2" blockId="14.[811,1457,917,2028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="781">
|
|||
|
|
Dorsal field. From the most anterior to the most posterior, the following veins are present: CuPa, CuPb, a simple PCu, AA and AP (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="EBE42A2EFFD1C73B77FAFBF45F8B2407" box="[946,1009,1076,1102]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1218,1236]" captionTargetBox="[132,765,216,1173]" captionTargetId="graphics-753@15.[123,805,215,1175]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 8. — Hypotheses of primary venation homology of forewing of A, †Angarogryllus angaricus (Sharov 1968) (PIN 1873-16, †Protogryllidae, cf fig. 6A); B, Gryllotalpa sp. (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3938, Gryllotalpidae); C, Scapteriscus sp. (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3068, Gryllotalpidae). Abbreviations and colour code: see text. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376766/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="781">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). CuPa begins with a more or less straight trajectory oriented toward the distal margin; it then curves slightly posteriorly before dividing into an anterior CuPaα and a posterior CuPaβ. CuPaα merges with the CuA at its base. In the observed specimens, CuA+CuPaα is simple. CuPaβ is oblique and bent proximally on its first part, then curves sharply to orient distally and begins a trajectory parallel to the CuA+CuPaα (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="EBE42A2EFFD1C73B77A4FAD358502567" box="[1004,1066,1299,1326]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1218,1236]" captionTargetBox="[132,765,216,1173]" captionTargetId="graphics-753@15.[123,805,215,1175]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 8. — Hypotheses of primary venation homology of forewing of A, †Angarogryllus angaricus (Sharov 1968) (PIN 1873-16, †Protogryllidae, cf fig. 6A); B, Gryllotalpa sp. (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3938, Gryllotalpidae); C, Scapteriscus sp. (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3068, Gryllotalpidae). Abbreviations and colour code: see text. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376766/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="781">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). An oblique and strongly reinforced secondary vein d2 is in continuity with the base of CuPaβ and connects it to the anal node (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="EBE42A2EFFD1C73B7027FA9358CB2524" box="[1135,1201,1363,1389]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1218,1236]" captionTargetBox="[132,765,216,1173]" captionTargetId="graphics-753@15.[123,805,215,1175]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 8. — Hypotheses of primary venation homology of forewing of A, †Angarogryllus angaricus (Sharov 1968) (PIN 1873-16, †Protogryllidae, cf fig. 6A); B, Gryllotalpa sp. (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3938, Gryllotalpidae); C, Scapteriscus sp. (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3068, Gryllotalpidae). Abbreviations and colour code: see text. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376766/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="781">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). CuPb is very blurred at its base, although it originates from the same basivenal bulla as CuPa (see
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="174E4B5AFFD1C73B77B8FA53593C25E4" author="DESUTTER-GRANDCOLAS L. & JACQUELIN L. & HUGEL S. & BOISTEL R. & GARROUSTE R. & HENROTAY M. & WARREN B. H. & CHINTAUAN-MARQUIER I. C. & NEL P. & GRANDCOLAS P. & NEL A." box="[1008,1350,1427,1453]" pageId="14" pageNumber="781" pagination="7099" refId="ref17783" refString="DESUTTER-GRANDCOLAS L., JACQUELIN L., HUGEL S., BOISTEL R., GARROUSTE R., HENROTAY M., WARREN B. H., CHINTAUAN-MARQUIER I. C., NEL P., GRANDCOLAS P. & NEL A. 2017. - 3 - D imaging reveals four extraordinary cases of convergent evolution of acoustic communication in crickets and allies (Insecta). Scientific Reports 7: 7099. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 017 - 06840 - 6" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
|||
|
|
Desutter-Grandcolas
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD1C73B709EFA54597225E4" box="[1238,1288,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="781">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2017
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). CuPb is strongly curved at right angle and bears teeth on its ventrally side (= stridulatory file). A strong longitudinal vein identified as a secondary vein connects CuPa with CuPb in the harp. On several mole cricket specimens that we observed (as in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD1C73B7766F9F35FBC2604" box="[814,966,1587,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllotalpidae" genus="Scapteriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="781" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD1C73B7766F9F35FDD2604" box="[814,935,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="781">Scapteriscus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
sp
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="EBE42A2EFFD1C73B7798F9F258752604" box="[976,1039,1586,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[133,144,823,841]" captionTargetBox="[132,1450,215,778]" captionTargetId="graphics-773@14.[132,1413,215,778]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Hypothesis of primary venation homology of forewing of male Scapteriscus sp. MNHN-EO-ENSIF3069 (Gryllotalpidae).Abbreviations and colour code: see text. Grey dash lines represent folds. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376764/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="781">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="EBE42A2EFFD1C73B7051F9F258E22604" box="[1049,1176,1586,1613]" captionStart="APPENDIX" captionStartId="26.[378,390,219,237]" captionText="APPENDIX 3. — Photos of studied material called as supplementary figures in the present paper." pageId="14" pageNumber="781">Appendix 3</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="EBE42A2EFFD1C73B70EAF9F259782604" box="[1186,1282,1586,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[133,144,823,841]" captionTargetBox="[132,1450,215,778]" captionTargetId="graphics-773@14.[132,1413,215,778]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Hypothesis of primary venation homology of forewing of male Scapteriscus sp. MNHN-EO-ENSIF3069 (Gryllotalpidae).Abbreviations and colour code: see text. Grey dash lines represent folds. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376764/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="781">Fig. S7C</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), we noticed the presence of a short vein that we identify tentatively as a ‘cup spl’ (see Discussion). A large cell is present between d2 and CuPb, posterior to the harp; it is not homologous to the harp, nor to the mirror of the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD1C73B7795F972582A2685" box="[989,1104,1714,1740]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Grylloidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="776" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Grylloidea</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, because it is not delimited by the same veins. We propose to name it the subharp cell. The PCu has a characteristic curved and rounded base. CuPb and PCu merge at the plectrum level, before separating distally to the plectrum and running rather parallel to the longitudinal axis of the wing (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="EBE42A2EFFD1C73B77FCF8915F8E2725" box="[948,1012,1873,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1218,1236]" captionTargetBox="[132,765,216,1173]" captionTargetId="graphics-753@15.[123,805,215,1175]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 8. — Hypotheses of primary venation homology of forewing of A, †Angarogryllus angaricus (Sharov 1968) (PIN 1873-16, †Protogryllidae, cf fig. 6A); B, Gryllotalpa sp. (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3938, Gryllotalpidae); C, Scapteriscus sp. (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3068, Gryllotalpidae). Abbreviations and colour code: see text. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376766/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="781">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). The AA vein is often well-differentiated from the base, while AP sometimes forms a network of small undifferentiated veins at its base. The anal veins fuse at the level of the plectrum before dividing again distally and running parallel to the longitudinal axis of the wing.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="27A06623FFD0C73A74CCFB025D3D2566" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376766" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10376766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376766/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="782" startId="15.[132,143,1218,1236]" targetBox="[132,765,216,1173]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="736036ABFFD0C73A74CCFB025D3D2566" blockId="15.[132,776,1218,1327]" pageId="15" pageNumber="782">
|
|||
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="7586A077FFD0C73A74CCFB025CE7249A" baselines="1231,1232" box="[132,157,1218,1236]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="15" pageNumber="782">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
|||
|
|
. 8. — Hypotheses of primary venation homology of forewing of
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD0C73A768DFB025EA8249D" bold="true" box="[709,722,1218,1236]" pageId="15" pageNumber="782">A</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, †
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD0C73A76A0FB025D5124A2" baseAuthorityName="Sharov" baseAuthorityYear="1968" class="Insecta" family="Protogryllidae" genus="Angarogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="782" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angaricu">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD0C73A76A0FB025D5124A2" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="782">Angarogryllus angaricu</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
s (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="174E4B5AFFD0C73A7577FB195DD324A2" author="SHAROV A. G." box="[319,425,1241,1259]" pageId="15" pageNumber="782" pagination="1 - 216" refId="ref19687" refString="SHAROV A. G. 1968. - Filogeniya ortopteroidnykh nasekomykh. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta, Akademiya Nauk S. S. S. R., 118, 1 - 216, Moskva. [in Russian, translated in english in 1971: Phylogeny of the Orthopteroidea. Israel program for scientific translations, Keter Press, Jerusalem: 1 - 251.]" type="journal article" year="1968">Sharov 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) (PIN 1873-16, †
|
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<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD0C73A767CFB195ED124A2" box="[564,683,1241,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Protogryllidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="782" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Protogryllidae</taxonomicName>
|
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, cf fig. 6A);
|
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<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD0C73A74CCFB305CEB254B" bold="true" box="[132,145,1264,1282]" pageId="15" pageNumber="782">B</emphasis>
|
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,
|
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<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD0C73A74D3FB305D6E254B" box="[155,276,1264,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllotalpidae" genus="Gryllotalpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="782" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
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|
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<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD0C73A74D3FB305C8E254B" box="[155,244,1264,1282]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="782">Gryllotalpa</emphasis>
|
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sp.
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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|
|
(MNHN-EO-ENSIF3938,
|
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|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD0C73A75ACFB305E21254B" box="[484,603,1264,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllotalpidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="782" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gryllotalpidae</taxonomicName>
|
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|
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);
|
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|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD0C73A762EFB305E0E254B" bold="true" box="[614,628,1264,1282]" pageId="15" pageNumber="782">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD0C73A7635FB305F72254B" box="[637,776,1264,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllotalpidae" genus="Scapteriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="782" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
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|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD0C73A7635FB305E93254B" box="[637,745,1264,1282]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="782">Scapteriscus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
sp.
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(MNHN-EO-ENSIF3068,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD0C73A751DFAC65DB62551" box="[341,460,1286,1304]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllotalpidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="782" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gryllotalpidae</taxonomicName>
|
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|
|
). Abbreviations and colour code: see text. Scale bars: 1 mm.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="736036ABFFD0C73A74D3FA945D9026C5" blockId="15.[132,776,1363,1676]" pageId="15" pageNumber="782">
|
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|
|
In the distal half of the dorsal field, between the CuA+CuPaα and the posterior margin, vein configuration is highly variable among the species, or even between the two wings of the same species, or the two wings of the same individual (as in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4DF4D28FFD0C73A7481FA135D1825A4" box="[201,354,1491,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllotalpidae" genus="Gryllotalpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="782" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="41ABEAB9FFD0C73A7481FA135D4425A4" box="[201,318,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="782">Gryllotalpa</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
sp.
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="EBE42A2EFFD0C73A7539FA135D8B25A4" box="[369,497,1491,1517]" captionStart="APPENDIX" captionStartId="26.[378,390,219,237]" captionText="APPENDIX 3. — Photos of studied material called as supplementary figures in the present paper." pageId="15" pageNumber="782">Appendix 3</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="EBE42A2EFFD0C73A75B6FA135E0525A4" box="[510,639,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[133,144,823,841]" captionTargetBox="[132,1450,215,778]" captionTargetId="graphics-773@14.[132,1413,215,778]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Hypothesis of primary venation homology of forewing of male Scapteriscus sp. MNHN-EO-ENSIF3069 (Gryllotalpidae).Abbreviations and colour code: see text. Grey dash lines represent folds. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376764/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="782">Fig. S7A, B</figureCitation>
|
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|
|
). Additional veins, which we consider as intercalary secondary veins, may even be inserted between the main veins (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="EBE42A2EFFD0C73A7601F9D25EF02664" box="[585,650,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1218,1236]" captionTargetBox="[132,765,216,1173]" captionTargetId="graphics-753@15.[123,805,215,1175]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 8. — Hypotheses of primary venation homology of forewing of A, †Angarogryllus angaricus (Sharov 1968) (PIN 1873-16, †Protogryllidae, cf fig. 6A); B, Gryllotalpa sp. (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3938, Gryllotalpidae); C, Scapteriscus sp. (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3068, Gryllotalpidae). Abbreviations and colour code: see text. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376766/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="782">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). However, if vein fusions or branching may vary in this area, all these veins are generally parallel to each other and run parallel to the longitudinal axis of the wing.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|