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456 lines
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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297097" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316535" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f9373c90-73c5-4ee4-b0f8-4c371f527d91" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905209323" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="99DAB7B29B55635698EF3DA04F9AD316" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Muridae.1189-1531.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Otomyinae Thomas 1896" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="A2267A57FF8A65DA07E1D2E970F9422A" lastPageNumber="1522" masterDocId="A2267A57FF8A65DA07E1D2E970F9422A" masterDocTitle="Order Rodentia - Family Muridae" masterLastPageNumber="1531" masterPageNumber="1189" pageNumber="1522" updateTime="1716781534040" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="78C1D2CC70F45DAB22A02E3F73D23476">
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<mods:title id="515E6E25DE644C16A4D19AE3FB522AD8">Order Rodentia - Family Muridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="FAECF7FE64E13501AAA44B6808C62448" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E82A1557EB44F2F101B2F7F65E23329C">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="CCCBC710B866686BBD568DC5D9A0BEB0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="1C381BB9E06A9382B9A71445F71B0BC0">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EF59456C4B59BF97A57E417422E76BA5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="FE1B3B74A43161554D5409EE59F20B8D">2005</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="34BF744441CD492C5D24CCB1192E3E9A">The Johns Hopkins University Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:titleInfo id="899D91305DD777ED65883AEEB1EB316A">
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<mods:title id="6BF5D1A9EED6925C8EB86D7EB193107D">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="46000421C9D4D2F940919BAABD16171F">
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<mods:start id="F2ED32F9BFC191758905342135AD56B1">1189</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="CEC6EFEC3406B4B374BF193A1CA1331B">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="34AE014F0FA2F8F5FFEC6AB7534B9030" type="ISBN">0-8018-8221-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D0CBE01DF6ABFE757F4939479018AF7E" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7316535</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="99DAB7B29B55635698EF3DA04F9AD316" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231540363" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:99DAB7B29B55635698EF3DA04F9AD316" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/99DAB7B29B55635698EF3DA04F9AD316" lastPageNumber="1522" pageNumber="1522" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=13001885">
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<subSubSection id="F658671C824A23086957A94AD4A0AFE8" pageNumber="1522" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B363DCD64DF7ADBCF8B8A5C051753DF1" pageNumber="1522">
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<taxonomicName id="8370BC4974F29FFC1DC4702D2CAE4B35" ID-CoL="K2R" authority="Thomas 1896" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1896" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1522" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Otomyinae">Otomyinae Thomas 1896</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F5F5FBDC9DCDCBC2B258E884F29A1A36" pageNumber="1522" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="03D0D05E1B3B00FAC21C4D547877FABB" pageNumber="1522">
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<treatmentCitation id="C6465C1F6A9AAA178397BEDD5F628335" author="Thomas" authority="Thomas 1896" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1896" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" journal="Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond." kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="1017" pageNumber="1522" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Otomyinae" title="Otomyinae" volume="1896" year="1896">
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<taxonomicName id="36DF9310D3CEE7B1FA4EA18916450C5D" ID-CoL="K2R" authority="Thomas 1896" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1896" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1522" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Otomyinae">
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Otomyinae
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<bibRefCitation id="0FB68D8AD5A4D8A9C35A6CB114D1F360" author="Thomas, O." refId="ref352089" refString="Thomas, O. 1896 [1897]. On the genera of rodents: An attempt to bring up to date the current arrangement of the order. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1896: 1012 - 1028." year="1896">Thomas 1896</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibCitation id="2D5967122D5A310C4DF96D2946A0AA11" author="Thomas" journal="Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond." pageNumber="1522" pagination="1017" title="Otomyinae" volume="1896" year="1896">Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896: 1017</bibCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B38744D81B310D2E939A8507D2D08B78" pageNumber="1522" type="synonym_list">
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<paragraph id="C8BD4E88C9F19440860DFD24C68D2618" pageNumber="1522">
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<emphasis id="0C9E0A10D1A373B971209F7998E9378D" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1522">Synonyms:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="39D8572A4F0955FB1E736375F50FF22B" authority="Tullberg 1899" authorityName="Tullberg" authorityYear="1899" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1522" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Otomyini">
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Otomyini
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<bibRefCitation id="796256B550BC9D2C86F4389C01B65A68" author="Tullberg, T." refId="ref360768" refString="Tullberg, T. 1899. Uber das system der Nagetiere. Eine phylogenetische studie. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarium Upsaliensis, Ser. 3, 18: 1 - 514." year="1899">Tullberg 1899</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="AAECC750C9260CDAA6808064E173672B" authority="Roberts 1951" authorityName="Roberts" authorityYear="1951" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1522" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Otomyidae">
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Otomyidae
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<bibRefCitation id="0C1832B11260C48CA95347C24848471E" author="Roberts, A." refId="ref306581" refString="Roberts, A. 1951. The mammals of South Africa. Trustees of " The mammals of South Africa " book fund, Johannesburg, 700 pp." year="1951">Roberts 1951</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6E20F047693AF444B9E27CA15C1CB07D" pageNumber="1522" type="child_taxa">
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<paragraph id="61A0E568836BEBFD0758FB492626035A" pageNumber="1522">
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<emphasis id="D6B5714BFE67D1C42630B1E864271CDA" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1522">Genera:</emphasis>
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3 genera with 23 species:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B4613EC1013089E77BEC7D3F303AC728" pageNumber="1522">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="85C6FDD1EC5BF97C9F336271ABF80B02" authority="Thomas 1918" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1918" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Myotomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1522" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F62E6AEE28F86C2684CD62061413863D" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">Myotomys</emphasis>
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Thomas 1918
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</taxonomicName>
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(2 species)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D64BB0E88DEE58C7AFBCDF2CC0A49A90" pageNumber="1522">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="058B8FE3F662EDA02A928A2E14D46D3A" authority="F. Cuvier 1824" authorityName="F. Cuvier" authorityYear="1824" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Otomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1522" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4A404ED3309725F175DB10130565849B" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">Otomys</emphasis>
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F. Cuvier 1824
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</taxonomicName>
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(19 species)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8A4FA9E030D438247C9AB158F16DCB27" pageNumber="1522">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="5755D8E16E08B44FC181F7E32545B551" authority="Thomas 1918" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1918" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Parotomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1522" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4A7117A05F88B9E7800428B86471DBDA" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">Parotomys</emphasis>
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Thomas 1918
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</taxonomicName>
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(2 species)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9B1E333DF1532DBCB02BC1A6E85D6E75" pageNumber="1522" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="B82F6B457F4813D6C9DE28F96C8A2AB6" pageNumber="1522">
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<emphasis id="400D423B57D7496BD7460CD480EB2E82" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1522">Discussion:</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="E2E788AA6CF4FBADAB14B738767AB4BF" pageNumber="1522">
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Morphologically, a strongly circumscribed group of species indigenous to Subsaharan Africa. Early on ranked as a subfamily of
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<taxonomicName id="F623090EAD538428917F843E7A5F3A5C" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Muridae</taxonomicName>
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, whether defined
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<emphasis id="B04E6689CF14521C9B9A7143BC396DC4" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">sensu lato</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="13D0558FDF5E61DD909E234D11E9F6F8" author="Thomas, O." refId="ref352089" refString="Thomas, O. 1896 [1897]. On the genera of rodents: An attempt to bring up to date the current arrangement of the order. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1896: 1012 - 1028." year="1896">Thomas, 1896</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="F9354DDA44FAF3D1CAEED72E097228A3" author="Ellerman, J. R." refId="ref92857" refString="Ellerman, J. R. 1941. The families and genera of living rodents. Vol. II. Family Muridae. British Museum (Natural History), London, 690 pp." year="1941">Ellerman, 1941</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="8965DAAA4DFDB458CCA991429D1FE7C8" author="Roberts, A." refId="ref306581" refString="Roberts, A. 1951. The mammals of South Africa. Trustees of " The mammals of South Africa " book fund, Johannesburg, 700 pp." year="1951">Roberts, 1951</bibRefCitation>
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) or
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<emphasis id="B37353D61AFD5009B22D813AE813EDCB" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">sensu stricto</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="18114AD855B0A2EBB9D6242F9A6DB93C" author="Tullberg, T." refId="ref360768" refString="Tullberg, T. 1899. Uber das system der Nagetiere. Eine phylogenetische studie. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarium Upsaliensis, Ser. 3, 18: 1 - 514." year="1899">Tullberg, 1899</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="A644163F887EFD7577E1037DCBCBE146" author="Miller, G. S., Jr. & J. W. Gidley" refId="ref242298" refString="Miller, G. S., Jr., and J. W. Gidley. 1918. Synopsis of the supergeneric groups of rodents. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 8: 431 - 448." year="1918">Miller and Gidley, 1918</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="706FD53C340BA108C17DB5B0B60D56CE" author="Simpson, G. G." refId="ref328876" refString="Simpson, G. G. 1945. The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 85: 1 - 350." year="1945">Simpson, 1945</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="468255D2A2EFF8F0BA9EC88091E1B796" author="Reig, O. A." refId="ref300313" refString="Reig, O. A. 1981. Teorio del origen y desarrollo de la fauna de mamiferos de America del Sur. Publicadas por el Museo Municipal de Ciencias Naturales " Lorenzo Scaglia, " Monografie Naturae, 1: 182 pp." year="1981">Reig, 1981</bibRefCitation>
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); or even a separate family (
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<bibRefCitation id="D92B5116E273B7C38EAE0A5C23D93ACD" author="Roberts, A." refId="ref306581" refString="Roberts, A. 1951. The mammals of South Africa. Trustees of " The mammals of South Africa " book fund, Johannesburg, 700 pp." year="1951">Roberts, 1951</bibRefCitation>
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); and later considered a subfamily of
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<taxonomicName id="5E8515B5A097B1590DD55698ECD1F579" authority="(Misonne, 1974)" baseAuthorityName="Misonne" baseAuthorityYear="1974" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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Cricetidae (
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<bibRefCitation id="B7882EDA7AEF9382F7802BDC23BC309F" author="Misonne, X." refId="ref243324" refString="Misonne, X. 1974. Order Rodentia. Part 6. Pp. 1 - 39, in The mammals of Africa: An identification manual (J. Meester and H. W. Setzer, eds.). [issued 10 Sep 1974]. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., not continuously paginated." year="1974">Misonne, 1974</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName id="7502E505853B5987A54855CC66DF7803" authorityName="Forsyth Major" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Nesomyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Nesomyidae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="10DE58B6D5AEA2EC27A8F2E17A251696" author="Chaline, J. & P. Mein & F. Petter" refId="ref57068" refString="Chaline, J., P. Mein, and F. Petter. 1977. Les grandes lignes d'une classification evolutive des Muroidea. Mammalia, 41: 245 - 252." year="1977">Chaline et al., 1977</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="6E31D8DAC57EC793772AD868B9B3A9E9" author="Lavocat, R." refId="ref205553" refString="Lavocat, R. 1978. Rodentia and Lagomorpha. Pp. 69 - 89, in Evolution of African mammals (V. J. Maglio and H. B. S. Cooke, eds.). Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 641 pp." year="1978">Lavocat, 1978</bibRefCitation>
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). Paleontological evidence and anatomical considerations unequivocally affirm their phyletic origin from African murines, especially arvicanthine-like forms (
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<bibRefCitation id="7FBF645E693EC55F5DBC4166DF50AA12" author="Pocock, T. N." refId="ref290876" refString="Pocock, T. N. 1976. Pliocene mammalian microfauna from Langebaanweg: A new fossil genus linking the Otomyinae with the Murinae. South African Journal of Science, 72: 58 - 60." year="1976">Pocock, 1976</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="CAB87BE76A2A457CB9FF823193452F49" author="Carleton, M. D. & G. G. Musser" refId="ref52182" refString="Carleton, M. D., and G. G. Musser. 1984. Muroid rodents. Pp. 289 - 379, in Orders and families of Recent mammals of the world (S. Anderson and J. K. Jones, Jr., eds.). John Wiley and Sons, New York, 686 pp." year="1984">Carleton and Musser, 1984</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="E35978AC4CAAF45FF8E62D236AF1DF6B" author="Bernard, R. T. F. & A. N. Anderson & G. K. Campbell" refId="ref28969" refString="Bernard, R. T. F., A. N. Anderson, and G. K. Campbell. 1991. Sperm structure and taxonomic affinities of five African rodents of the subfamily Otomyinae. South African Journal of Science, 87: 503 - 506." year="1991">Bernard et al., 1991</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="283D3A4FF57E8F7E6216B9A0897EC8BE" author="Breed, W. G." refId="ref41236" refString="Breed, W. G. 1995 d. Variation in sperm head morphology of muroid rodents of Africa: Phylogenetic implications. Pp. 409 - 420, in Advances in spermatozoal phylogeny and taxonomy (B. G. M. Jamieson, J. Ausio, and J. - L. Justine, eds.). Memoires du Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Editions du Museum, Paris, 564 pp." year="1995">
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Breed, 1995
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<emphasis id="4270634B33FAA33F664C2ADD7D420D0A" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">d</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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; Sénégas, 2001). Similarly, evolutionary affinities inferred from DNA-DNA hybridization (
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<bibRefCitation id="8EC8EEDBE5D098959E17A55CCBB0BB27" author="Chevret, P. & C. Denys & J. J. Jaeger & J. Michaux & F. Catzeflis" refId="ref60219" refString="Chevret, P., C. Denys, J. J. Jaeger, J. Michaux, and F. Catzeflis. 1993 b. Molecular and paleontological aspects of the tempos and mode of evolution in Otomys (Otomyinae: Muridae: Mammalia). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 21: 123 - 131." year="1993">
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Chevret et al., 1993
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<emphasis id="DD10F56576641B1CB82EC0D4385A2E41" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">b</emphasis>
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||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
), immunological assays (
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="492A1F6236A636E662174702BEB89CF5" author="Contrafatto, G. & D. David & V. Goossens-Le Clerq" refId="ref65520" refString="Contrafatto, G., D. David, and V. Goossens-Le Clerq. 1994. Genetic variation in the African rodent subfamily Otomyinae. V: Phylogeny inferred by immuno-electrotransfer analysis. Durban Museum Novitates, 19: 1 - 7." year="1994">Contrafatto et al., 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
;
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="275E07134CEA2CAABEDFFE3EF9163CAF" author="Watts, C. H. S. & P. R. Baverstock" refId="ref384460" refString="Watts, C. H. S., and P. R. Baverstock. 1995 a. Evolution in some African Murinae (Rodentia) assessed by microcomplement fixation of albumin. Journal of African Zoology, 109: 423 - 433." year="1995">
|
||
|
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Watts and Baverstock, 1995
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="B805C5196892F08382B62539E72261E1" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">a</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
), and mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences (
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A486831EB411FA4FA87D8518EFBB1089" author="Ducroz, J. - F. & V. Volobouev & L. Granjon" refId="ref89321" refString="Ducroz, J. - F., V. Volobouev, and L. Granjon. 2001. An assessment of the systematics of Arvicanthine Rodents using mitochondrial DNA sequences: Evolutionary and biogeographical implications. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 8: 173 - 206." year="2001">Ducroz et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
|
||
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|
<bibRefCitation id="C013C5419284B9F4DF742D285B0E5391" author="Jansa, S. & M. Weksler" refId="ref172324" refString="Jansa, S., and M. Weksler. 2004. Phylogeny of muroid rodents: Relationships within and among major lineages as determined by IRBP gene sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 31 (1): 256 - 276." year="2004">Jansa and Weksler, 2004</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
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|
<bibRefCitation id="C95761383DA3C058F936B972EDD3E764" author="Michaux, J. & F. Catzeflis" refId="ref240457" refString="Michaux, J., and F. Catzeflis. 2000. The bushlike radiation of muroid rodents is exemplified by the molecular phylogeny of the LCAT nuclear gene. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 17: 280 - 293." year="2000">Michaux and Catzeflis, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C43868688D8ABDBB89C714F29E45A28A" author="Michaux, J. & A. Reyes & F. Catzeflis" refId="ref240856" refString="Michaux, J., A. Reyes, and F. Catzeflis. 2001 b. Evolutionary history of the most speciose mammals: Molecular phylogeny of muroid rodents. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 18 (11): 2017 - 2031." year="2001">
|
||
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Michaux et al., 2001
|
||
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<emphasis id="198A42E5D2A2DC6B29000E8F98CF4524" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">b</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
) uniformly represent
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BB69B7113A67FCB00164CCF353C34EE4" authorityName="F. Cuvier" authorityYear="1824" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Otomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
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|
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<emphasis id="7CCD5E310FB4380357E805B041554DA9" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">Otomys</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
as a "murine," either as sister group to
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="09AE301B5D7506A470585875C0DBEB78" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C4D9159DBB1FBA14348D2A1032DFB977" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Arvicanthis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arvicanthis</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FA0DD2AF66C00710FA51C0FB721451F6" authority="(Chevret et al., 1993 b)" baseAuthorityName="Chevret" baseAuthorityYear="1993" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Oenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
Oenomys (
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="56338A80B2EF2E6AFCC85D23C7CDDCCD" author="Chevret, P. & C. Denys & J. J. Jaeger & J. Michaux & F. Catzeflis" refId="ref60219" refString="Chevret, P., C. Denys, J. J. Jaeger, J. Michaux, and F. Catzeflis. 1993 b. Molecular and paleontological aspects of the tempos and mode of evolution in Otomys (Otomyinae: Muridae: Mammalia). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 21: 123 - 131." year="1993">
|
||
|
|
Chevret et al., 1993
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="4EAA7620E929D70953342C2B9E908C82" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">b</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
or to arvicanthines in the broad sense (
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="3AF29CE97BD367F1805C970FFA321C31" author="Ducroz, J. - F. & V. Volobouev & L. Granjon" refId="ref89321" refString="Ducroz, J. - F., V. Volobouev, and L. Granjon. 2001. An assessment of the systematics of Arvicanthine Rodents using mitochondrial DNA sequences: Evolutionary and biogeographical implications. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 8: 173 - 206." year="2001">Ducroz et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
). Molecular clock estimates place the split from arvicanthine murids about 7-8.5 million years ago (
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="17FF7E4125C97523808AECA56132BE56" author="Chevret, P. & C. Denys & J. J. Jaeger & J. Michaux & F. Catzeflis" refId="ref60219" refString="Chevret, P., C. Denys, J. J. Jaeger, J. Michaux, and F. Catzeflis. 1993 b. Molecular and paleontological aspects of the tempos and mode of evolution in Otomys (Otomyinae: Muridae: Mammalia). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 21: 123 - 131." year="1993">
|
||
|
|
Chevret et al., 1993
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="52FE6E4D5B8BDE8BB428721AAC5F15F8" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">b</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
;
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2781063A170F408696277F6E4DC75B71" author="Ducroz, J. - F. & V. Volobouev & L. Granjon" refId="ref89321" refString="Ducroz, J. - F., V. Volobouev, and L. Granjon. 2001. An assessment of the systematics of Arvicanthine Rodents using mitochondrial DNA sequences: Evolutionary and biogeographical implications. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 8: 173 - 206." year="2001">Ducroz et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
), a time frame in broad agreement with fossil data insofar as known (Sénégas, 2001).
|
||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
<paragraph id="075871DCAF288E5CCCC1BFA53748D911" pageNumber="1522">
|
||
|
|
The above phylogenetic perspective indicates that otomyines should be merged under
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EE2525768381DF348C335C5011455B63" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Murinae">Murinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
, probably as a tribe, as specifically urged by some (
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="99F3959219CB41CA785FB4E990A96923" author="Ducroz, J. - F. & V. Volobouev & L. Granjon" refId="ref89321" refString="Ducroz, J. - F., V. Volobouev, and L. Granjon. 2001. An assessment of the systematics of Arvicanthine Rodents using mitochondrial DNA sequences: Evolutionary and biogeographical implications. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 8: 173 - 206." year="2001">Ducroz et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
;
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="BF45E50FFF16004B7468600803BD54DB" author="Jansa, S. & M. Weksler" refId="ref172324" refString="Jansa, S., and M. Weksler. 2004. Phylogeny of muroid rodents: Relationships within and among major lineages as determined by IRBP gene sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 31 (1): 256 - 276." year="2004">Jansa and Weksler, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
;
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FFE5E59AE1B441E12AFA52ACD67AE689" author="Michaux, J. & S. Kinet & M. - G. Filippucci & R. Libois & A. Besnard & F. Catzeflis" refId="ref240787" refString="Michaux, J., S. Kinet, M. - G. Filippucci, R. Libois, A. Besnard, and F. Catzeflis. 2001 a. Molecular identification of three sympatric species of wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus, A. flavicollis, A. alpicola) in western Europe (Muridae: Rodentia). Molecular Ecology Notes, 4 pp." year="2001">
|
||
|
|
Michaux et al., 2001
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="D3A99E702F1927F3458BF2D75E666220" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">a</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
;
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="6E89DEFA9A9CAA67D793B123EF8F3DCE" author="Watts, C. H. S. & P. R. Baverstock" refId="ref384460" refString="Watts, C. H. S., and P. R. Baverstock. 1995 a. Evolution in some African Murinae (Rodentia) assessed by microcomplement fixation of albumin. Journal of African Zoology, 109: 423 - 433." year="1995">
|
||
|
|
Watts and Baverstock, 1995
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="80E4F951963D832C6F1B1B5BA8D4C20E" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">a</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
). Certain of these studies (
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="43D37DC75BB1E5C531A5D8EBFC3724F8" author="Ducroz, J. - F. & V. Volobouev & L. Granjon" refId="ref89321" refString="Ducroz, J. - F., V. Volobouev, and L. Granjon. 2001. An assessment of the systematics of Arvicanthine Rodents using mitochondrial DNA sequences: Evolutionary and biogeographical implications. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 8: 173 - 206." year="2001">Ducroz et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
;
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E5102C82CF4E33660C34CB4E9415C669" author="Watts, C. H. S. & P. R. Baverstock" refId="ref384460" refString="Watts, C. H. S., and P. R. Baverstock. 1995 a. Evolution in some African Murinae (Rodentia) assessed by microcomplement fixation of albumin. Journal of African Zoology, 109: 423 - 433." year="1995">
|
||
|
|
Watts and Baverstock, 1995
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="05C7BB5769514DD171415734F9021B8F" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">a</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
), moreover, convey a deep, monophyletic separation of the African radiation (including otomyines) within
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FE7B5BEFBC1D9AD006796C12C7D21958" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Murinae">Murinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
as currently constituted. The larger nomenclatural issue involves the stability of this clade and its possible formal recognition, in which case
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BC51D35F307BD7CCD1EED76D68A047AE" authority="Thomas" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1896" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Otomyinae">Otomyinae Thomas</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
, 1897, has priority as the applicable family-group name. The rank accorded and genera allocated to otomyines thus seem premature until relationships among African, Asian, and Indo-Australian murines are more confidently rendered; many of the latter are already type genera for variously recognized family-group taxa (see
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="21C7D50EF23C02C36F0ED70CCD7B9CFC" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Murinae">Murinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
account). In lieu of this broader picture, we acknowledge otomyines and their distinctive combination of traits, unobserved elsewhere within
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="38535F9941AAA571EE4E6CCECF9EAABB" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Murinae">Murinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
, as a subfamily within
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4B70EEB3D88CC4C1F50260CCC16F7518" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Muridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
.
|
||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
<paragraph id="CDF0DF6AD092898BEACE31B78A384EB5" pageNumber="1522">
|
||
|
|
Aspects of morphology surveyed and discussed by
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2FB6E7048D894F643485D39B2E860A40" author="Bernard, R. T. F. & A. H. Hodgson & J. Meester & K. Willan & C. Bojarski" refId="ref28909" refString="Bernard, R. T. F., A. H. Hodgson, J. Meester, K. Willan, and C. Bojarski. 1990. Sperm structure and taxonomic affinites of five African rodents of the subfamily Otomyinae (Muridae). Electron Microscope Society of Southern Africa, 20: 161 - 162." year="1990">Bernard et al. (1990</bibRefCitation>
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|
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,
|
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<bibRefCitation id="A368B2A5324D42D8B4DB900A84BD035E" author="Bernard, R. T. F. & A. N. Anderson & G. K. Campbell" refId="ref28969" refString="Bernard, R. T. F., A. N. Anderson, and G. K. Campbell. 1991. Sperm structure and taxonomic affinities of five African rodents of the subfamily Otomyinae. South African Journal of Science, 87: 503 - 506." year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
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|
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),
|
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<bibRefCitation id="AC9508CFE1AC9A098C6E9B8F6214DC28" author="Bohmann, L., von" refId="ref35047" refString="Bohmann, L., von. 1952. Die afrikanische Nagergattung Otomys F. Cuvier. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 18: 1 - 80." year="1952">Bohmann (1952)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="C203CCD6920EDC83220FD62DD270A491" author="Breed, W. G." refId="ref41236" refString="Breed, W. G. 1995 d. Variation in sperm head morphology of muroid rodents of Africa: Phylogenetic implications. Pp. 409 - 420, in Advances in spermatozoal phylogeny and taxonomy (B. G. M. Jamieson, J. Ausio, and J. - L. Justine, eds.). Memoires du Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Editions du Museum, Paris, 564 pp." year="1995">
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|
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Breed (1995
|
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|
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<emphasis id="EADEA0CC67BDF26898A39A91BB4296B6" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">d</emphasis>
|
||
|
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)
|
||
|
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</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
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,
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|
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<bibRefCitation id="3FDED9560621E8363331B08F14A43C59" author="Carleton, M. D. & G. G. Musser" refId="ref52182" refString="Carleton, M. D., and G. G. Musser. 1984. Muroid rodents. Pp. 289 - 379, in Orders and families of Recent mammals of the world (S. Anderson and J. K. Jones, Jr., eds.). John Wiley and Sons, New York, 686 pp." year="1984">Carleton and Musser (1984)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="D0027D7FAE66E497AB710EABBB4F349B" author="Jackson, T. P. & A. C. Spinks" refId="ref170548" refString="Jackson, T. P., and A. C. Spinks. 1998. Gut morphology of the otomyine rodents: An arid-mesic comparison. South African Journal of Zoology, 33: 236 - 240." year="1998">Jackson and Spinks (1998)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="C015728595587EFA87B1D8C9E2D264C3" author="Perrin, M. R. & B. A. Curtis" refId="ref280764" refString="Perrin, M. R., and B. A. Curtis. 1980. Comparative morphology of the digestive system of 19 species of southern African myomorph rodents in relation to diet and evolution. South African Journal of Zoology, 15: 22 - 33." year="1980">Perrin and Curtis (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="0956BDE3B922A30AC900B3B86ED9106A" author="Taylor, P. J. & A. Kumirai" refId="ref348852" refString="Taylor, P. J., and A. Kumirai. 2001. Craniometric relationships between the Southern African vlei rat, Otomys irroratus (Rodentia, Muridae, Otomyinae) and allied species from north of the Zambezi River. Pp. 161 - 181, in African small mammals (C. Denys, L. Granjon, and A. Poulet, eds.). IRD Editions, Collection Colloques et Seminaires, Paris, 570 pp." year="2001">Taylor and Kumirai (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="245BE95F04D6BD540E94F4CA45A50EC0" author="Thomas, O." refId="ref354433" refString="Thomas, O. 1918 b. A revised classification of the Otomyinae, with descriptions of new genera and species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 9, 2: 203 - 211." year="1918">
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Thomas (1918
|
||
|
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<emphasis id="3EAE5184B59C4582FEFCB9ED0794CEFC" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">b</emphasis>
|
||
|
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)
|
||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
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, and
|
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<bibRefCitation id="FC3AF5C27ACC0EB682B8CA0CA73400DC" author="Tullberg, T." refId="ref360768" refString="Tullberg, T. 1899. Uber das system der Nagetiere. Eine phylogenetische studie. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarium Upsaliensis, Ser. 3, 18: 1 - 514." year="1899">Tullberg (1899)</bibRefCitation>
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. Chromosomal information reviewed by
|
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|
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<bibRefCitation id="250D02201E7EE87534E953EB010D0A02" author="Meester, J. & P. J. Taylor & G. C. Contrafatto & G. K. Campbell & K. Willan & J. M. Lamb & N. Pillay" refId="ref236122" refString="Meester, J., P. J. Taylor, G. C. Contrafatto, G. K. Campbell, K. Willan, J. M. Lamb, and N. Pillay. 1992. Chromosomal speciation in southern African Ototmyinae: A review. Durban Museum Novitates, 17: 58 - 63." year="1992">Meester et al. (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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|
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and
|
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<bibRefCitation id="CD7AE0E52E26523D36E22D651723C7DC" author="Taylor, P. J." refId="ref348781" refString="Taylor, P. J. 2000 b. Patterns of chromosomal variation in southern African rodents. Journal of Mammalogy, 81: 317 - 331." year="2000">
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|
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Taylor (2000
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="189FD4A63E7B1478BC24BDF6B658DDE0" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">b</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
. For extensive paleontological coverage, including the annectant fossil genus
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E8ED7CE58C2A33C524F3F932643CC2A7" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1976" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Euryotomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="EBB013596F2AEFAD20053D4B753774A5" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">Euryotomys</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
(Mio-Pliocene,
|
||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="6E3EFE125634AB6A4D02F6DCCDD61DF6" name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
|
|
) and probable southern African origin of the subfamily, see
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="7825BC19224CF2804491F0E5F80730CD" author="Avery, D. M." refId="ref16042" refString="Avery, D. M. 1998. An assessment of the lower Pleistocene micromammalian fauna from Swartkrans Members 1 - 3, Gauteng, South Africa. Geobios, 31 (3): 393 - 414." year="1998">Avery (1998)</bibRefCitation>
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|
|
,
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9206ED7CCBACE6F70B163F06F904E7B6" author="Chevret, P. & C. Denys & J. J. Jaeger & J. Michaux & F. Catzeflis" refId="ref60219" refString="Chevret, P., C. Denys, J. J. Jaeger, J. Michaux, and F. Catzeflis. 1993 b. Molecular and paleontological aspects of the tempos and mode of evolution in Otomys (Otomyinae: Muridae: Mammalia). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 21: 123 - 131." year="1993">
|
||
|
|
Chevret et al. (1993
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="BFF5F6C8F0673695E050F1224AD7ED8E" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">b</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
,
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="CB1B5A75D20A7829B7526BC844C965BD" author="Denys, C." refId="ref81614" refString="Denys, C. 1989 a. Phylogenetic affinities of the oldest East African Otomys (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Olduvai Bed I (Pleistocene, Tanzania). Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Paleontologie, Monatshefte, 44: 705 - 725." year="1989">
|
||
|
|
Denys (1989
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="BF69CC624CDECA7B452159390B519227" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">a</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
,
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="AED8F6E6C8DB384E50A73E0C5DBA13FF" author="Denys, C. & J. Michaux & Q. B. Hendey" refId="ref82208" refString="Denys, C., J. Michaux, and Q. B. Hendey. 1987. Les rongeurs Euryotomys et Otomys: Un exemple d'evolution parallele en Afrique tropicale? Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris, ser. 3, 305: 1389 - 1395." year="1987">Denys et al. (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
,
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5A578D6508EC2AF488E51C4D53221038" author="Pocock, T. N." refId="ref290876" refString="Pocock, T. N. 1976. Pliocene mammalian microfauna from Langebaanweg: A new fossil genus linking the Otomyinae with the Murinae. South African Journal of Science, 72: 58 - 60." year="1976">Pocock (1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
,
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="562E8E77805D0826169298F54EBFE0C9" author="Pocock, T. N." refId="ref290913" refString="Pocock, T. N. 1987. Plio-Pleistocene fossil mammalian microfauna of southern Africa- - a preliminary report including description of two new fossil muroid genera (Mammalia: Rodentia). Palaeontologia Africana, 26: 69 - 91." year="1987">1987</bibRefCitation>
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||
|
|
), Sénégas (2001), and Sénégas and
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8A6773BAB4988B0F63028FCE8E7ECDAA" author="Avery, D. M." refId="ref16042" refString="Avery, D. M. 1998. An assessment of the lower Pleistocene micromammalian fauna from Swartkrans Members 1 - 3, Gauteng, South Africa. Geobios, 31 (3): 393 - 414." year="1998">Avery (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
.
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FB03372B4425015851EEED56D456ED2C" author="Meester, J. A. J. & I. L. Rautenbach & N. J. Dippenaar & C. M. Baker" refId="ref236076" refString="Meester, J. A. J., I. L. Rautenbach, N. J. Dippenaar, and C. M. Baker. 1986. Classification of southern African mammals. Transvaal Museum Monograph, 5: 1 - 359." year="1986">Meester et al. (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
consolidated nomenclatural information and identified provisional subspecies arrangements for taxa in the Southern African Subregion; taxonomy of East African forms too poorly understood to justify formal infraspecific divisions. Habitat preferences and conservation implications considered by
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="7BFC79F05083FDB22C79C805D48B349D" author="Mugo, D. N. & A. T. Lombard & G. N. Bronner & C. M. Gelderblom & G. A. Benn" refId="ref249516" refString="Mugo, D. N., A. T. Lombard, G. N. Bronner, C. M. Gelderblom, and G. A. Benn. 1995. Distribution and protection of endemic or threatened rodents, lagomorphs, and macrosceledids in South Africa. South African Journal of Zoology, 30: 115 - 126." year="1995">Mugo et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
for species in
|
||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="6BD7023ECF2D5B677A679F6EE604A820" name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
|
|
.
|
||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
<paragraph id="C74F7D2036193586F65652C5BF21FD24" pageNumber="1522">
|
||
|
|
Vlei and whistling rats have been variously classified into a single genus (
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D3C6394E5A5C254945E1AACF30E30629" author="Bohmann, L., von" refId="ref35047" refString="Bohmann, L., von. 1952. Die afrikanische Nagergattung Otomys F. Cuvier. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 18: 1 - 80." year="1952">Bohmann, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
), commonly as the two genera
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7312B948F1FB5594402042847A06014" authorityName="F. Cuvier" authorityYear="1824" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Otomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="3782ABAA1F0294F2A610CAFA3B539C62" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">Otomys</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
and
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BFC200208D6C4F4EA1AD1AA34B68BEFB" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1918" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Parotomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="5131A09354DABAB7310B7CF77FEF90EF" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">Parotomys</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
(
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D3A55BB844BF8D21C441CF6B1D7FC69F" author="Ellerman, J. R." refId="ref92857" refString="Ellerman, J. R. 1941. The families and genera of living rodents. Vol. II. Family Muridae. British Museum (Natural History), London, 690 pp." year="1941">Ellerman, 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
; Ellerman et al., 1953;
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C564F31D6642018C141B8E28E26AFED9" author="Misonne, X." refId="ref243324" refString="Misonne, X. 1974. Order Rodentia. Part 6. Pp. 1 - 39, in The mammals of Africa: An identification manual (J. Meester and H. W. Setzer, eds.). [issued 10 Sep 1974]. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., not continuously paginated." year="1974">Misonne, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
;
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2E53CCEAC927DF39F19D78590B0E6E03" author="de Graaff, G." refId="ref77573" refString="de Graaff, G. 1981. The rodents of Southern Africa. Butterworths, Durban, 267 pp." year="1981">De Graaff, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
;
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FBA28EF32DF02F93D2345BD84EF5246C" author="Smithers, R. H. N." refId="ref331906" refString="Smithers, R. H. N. 1983. The mammals of the Southern African Subregion. University of Pretoria, Republic of South Africa, 736 pp." year="1983">Smithers, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
;
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="530F2AB56DEB38A82546EFABA26C28B6" author="Meester, J. A. J. & I. L. Rautenbach & N. J. Dippenaar & C. M. Baker" refId="ref236076" refString="Meester, J. A. J., I. L. Rautenbach, N. J. Dippenaar, and C. M. Baker. 1986. Classification of southern African mammals. Transvaal Museum Monograph, 5: 1 - 359." year="1986">Meester et al., 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
;
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="B6E0F7B5AA9C5A3E4F3A6D251A329F3A" author="Corbet, G. B. & J. E. Hill" refId="ref67916" refString="Corbet, G. B., and J. E. Hill. 1991. A world list of mammalian species. Third ed. British Museum (Natural History) Publications, London, 243 pp." year="1991">Corbet and Hill, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
;
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="B7DE2ED7145644096295B6E705E21EB8" author="Musser, G. G. & M. D. Carleton" refId="ref252333" refString="Musser, G. G., and M. D. Carleton. 1993. Family Muridae. Pp. 501 - 755, in: Mammal species of the world, a taxonomic and geographic reference, Second ed. (D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder, eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C., xviii + 1206 pp." year="1993">Musser and Carleton, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
), or as many as three (
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D7929DE5B8749A794030DB5A881494C5" author="Thomas, O." refId="ref354433" refString="Thomas, O. 1918 b. A revised classification of the Otomyinae, with descriptions of new genera and species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 9, 2: 203 - 211." year="1918">
|
||
|
|
Thomas, 1918
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="56EBE71239C9881571C01A104FE74C2F" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">b</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
;
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="147FA68F1CAF2D663507171E26B9BD33" author="Pocock, T. N." refId="ref290876" refString="Pocock, T. N. 1976. Pliocene mammalian microfauna from Langebaanweg: A new fossil genus linking the Otomyinae with the Murinae. South African Journal of Science, 72: 58 - 60." year="1976">Pocock, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
) or five (
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9F44585AF3A49585CC15279ECAEB0730" author="Roberts, A." refId="ref306581" refString="Roberts, A. 1951. The mammals of South Africa. Trustees of " The mammals of South Africa " book fund, Johannesburg, 700 pp." year="1951">Roberts, 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
). The diverse generic arrangements principally reflect the emphasis on dentition versus bullar development as the pivotal trait of kinship. Recent multispecific surveys and phylogenetic studies of allozymes (
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="4C1594DEF9BDBCD95E620EC43C28DAD6" author="Taylor, P. J. & G. K. Campbell & J. Meester & K. Willan & D. Van Dyk" refId="ref349003" refString="Taylor, P. J., G. K. Campbell, J. Meester, K. Willan, and D. Van Dyk. 1989. Genetic variation in the African rodent subfamily Otomyinae (Muridae). 1. Allozyme divergence among four species. South African Journal of Science, 85: 257 - 262." year="1989">Taylor et al., 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
), chromosomes (
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="02C8DAFF20F11C4AA532600A4FA1E276" author="Meester, J. & P. J. Taylor & G. C. Contrafatto & G. K. Campbell & K. Willan & J. M. Lamb & N. Pillay" refId="ref236122" refString="Meester, J., P. J. Taylor, G. C. Contrafatto, G. K. Campbell, K. Willan, J. M. Lamb, and N. Pillay. 1992. Chromosomal speciation in southern African Ototmyinae: A review. Durban Museum Novitates, 17: 58 - 63." year="1992">Meester et al., 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
), immunological data (
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="B575723D98A1CE02D0B7FA1F2C21835D" author="Contrafatto, G. & D. David & V. Goossens-Le Clerq" refId="ref65520" refString="Contrafatto, G., D. David, and V. Goossens-Le Clerq. 1994. Genetic variation in the African rodent subfamily Otomyinae. V: Phylogeny inferred by immuno-electrotransfer analysis. Durban Museum Novitates, 19: 1 - 7." year="1994">Contrafatto et al., 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
), sperm structure (
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="18B548DC9FF80057BD95C061D4EED381" author="Bernard, R. T. F. & A. N. Anderson & G. K. Campbell" refId="ref28969" refString="Bernard, R. T. F., A. N. Anderson, and G. K. Campbell. 1991. Sperm structure and taxonomic affinities of five African rodents of the subfamily Otomyinae. South African Journal of Science, 87: 503 - 506." year="1991">Bernard et al., 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
), and mtDNA (
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E8D9C2BFBB6F523C379146C93C83EAA2" author="Ducroz, J. - F. & V. Volobouev & L. Granjon" refId="ref89321" refString="Ducroz, J. - F., V. Volobouev, and L. Granjon. 2001. An assessment of the systematics of Arvicanthine Rodents using mitochondrial DNA sequences: Evolutionary and biogeographical implications. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 8: 173 - 206." year="2001">Ducroz et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
) reveal that
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9AE0A107880F6EC5290EC96DEC556F5E" authorityName="F. Cuvier" authorityYear="1824" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Otomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="48079FDBC66977C9EF7E52DADC035278" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">Otomys</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
, as its specific contents are usually denoted, is polyphyletic; in particular, the species
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E23AFBCBFB8ED16EC9E0306D924A77E1" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Otomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sloggetti">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="81B1DB0F01EBABD5C6FEF66148977CBF" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">sloggetti</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
and-or
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3E8F7E72F136B7138E35E4A3D1DE7C95" authorityName="F. Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Otomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisulcatus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="C840BD61B2B7982BA606C4774BFBEC30" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">unisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
demonstrate close kinship with members of
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DD54D098F8A76EEC3DAC472FA3C9A58A" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1918" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Parotomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="3B97CFDC23B0909A782B9F08220FA3CF" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">Parotomys</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
. Several morphological traits also support this nearer relationship: absence of lower incisor sulci (present in all
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0331837606874C3A94B0C19CAFC4915A" authorityName="F. Cuvier" authorityYear="1824" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Otomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="81AA9D027C7815D06ED67DCC97496570" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">Otomys</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
); weak sulcation of the upper incisors (deeply creased in
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C489EDBE78C32B9B2670E67E47A5F808" authorityName="F. Cuvier" authorityYear="1824" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Otomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="0279A917D556BA5C62F4E6E1FC0B00B4" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">Otomys</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
); fewer M3 laminae (4-5 versus 6 or more in
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="65EBF9205857C701454497A900EF7F90" authorityName="F. Cuvier" authorityYear="1824" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Otomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="6912E6D1E1A1DDEF2B1CB60E6750BBCB" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">Otomys</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
); gradually tapered nasals (distal nasals abruptly expanded in
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BEBBB99DB7BEC61BD2DAD0268D842415" authorityName="F. Cuvier" authorityYear="1824" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Otomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="BD6A04DBC5DB4A576508ABC4CDE1DF35" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">Otomys</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
); vascular foramen basal to zygomatic plate small (large in
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0FBCC1DB9FB06724C171800FEB3340D1" authorityName="F. Cuvier" authorityYear="1824" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Otomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="532753C470C7F2E55D9A941E19A4B6B6" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">Otomys</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
); zygomatic plate narrow, not reaching the premaxillary-maxillary suture (plate broader, overlapping suture in
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FC50AB2CB2DAA10E8ABE8C0592826F6E" authorityName="F. Cuvier" authorityYear="1824" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Otomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="799D8F509935B44B36E0D5739AB88B3E" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">Otomys</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
); ventrolateral maxillary not extended anteriorly (ventrolateral projection, bearing insertion scar of the superficial masseter, conspicuous in
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F954C0C1B4AD15760A592C20310841EF" authorityName="F. Cuvier" authorityYear="1824" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Otomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="51A5895A545EF81827C9DD36E26E327F" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">Otomys</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
). Such plesiomorphic features suggest the earlier cladistic origin of
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="6E0E8FA212E28C57B57B31415658D261" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2984855C4A0E87340F7A9DB2C3E493C2" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Otomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sloggetti">sloggetti</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C776480D4F48928FFE5D3E70CACB2F02" authorityName="F. Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Otomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisulcatus">unisulcatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
and
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C96809EC1BDBE2A35F89DD001CC8469" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1918" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Parotomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="EBC26939B4E7D506127EE2C48FF35FA1" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">Parotomys</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
relative to the appearance and radiation of
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="48459055B2363F2C81D57B10E4724544" authorityName="F. Cuvier" authorityYear="1824" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Otomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="7EF4F37A4FE1BA63642BBF6AEBAA3036" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">Otomys</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
. Still,
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8656737A8145FBAFD5038DFC55FC03B7" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Otomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sloggetti">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="8ADDB9B332F65C4D8B15E4808040B363" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">sloggetti</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
and
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7A0CC4F4DC82129C7B63682B927207F5" authorityName="F. Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Otomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisulcatus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9ED5DE5B113A0202F5C471F15D1027D" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">unisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
lack the hypertrophied ectotympanic bullae that characterize
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C5E5D698D1632B7D5C0710D6EA395BC6" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1918" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Parotomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="B4704C513A2223E03E1D5BAF99FC86D0" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">Parotomys</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
, as well as other traits noted by
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="DFACCA2498550769D43069F3B616E6BF" author="Thomas, O." refId="ref354433" refString="Thomas, O. 1918 b. A revised classification of the Otomyinae, with descriptions of new genera and species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 9, 2: 203 - 211." year="1918">
|
||
|
|
Thomas (1918
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="83FEFEAD56F7FE9BB96A4644FCF0622B" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">b</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
. We provisionally return to the classification of
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9E83AEAEA37FCFC6D42D7C70BB285CF9" author="Thomas, O." refId="ref354433" refString="Thomas, O. 1918 b. A revised classification of the Otomyinae, with descriptions of new genera and species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 9, 2: 203 - 211." year="1918">
|
||
|
|
Thomas (1918
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="EA4F073E2DDAFB3FB88BE49F595CA104" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">b</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
, who provided useable diagnoses of his three genera (
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="04A1A61ACF5258110DACBDB02E08860F" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1918" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Myotomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="7243372A4FD3A867BA6B91E8C78E7E35" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">Myotomys</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
,
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F702496894058DCA7D27B8F2730B80DB" authorityName="F. Cuvier" authorityYear="1824" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Otomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="4A2076BBB118ACCAF86EBB56423829C5" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">Otomys</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
, and
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BC66CA9D65D58847C0D6A1E033A9ACA6" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1918" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Parotomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="06765182D93C4D573C123C6C91A1953E" italics="true" pageNumber="1522">Parotomys</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
) and whose arrangement is so far consistent with the emerging phylogenetic perspective, admitting its very preliminary and incomplete nature
|
||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
.
|
||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
||
|
|
</treatment>
|
||
|
|
</document>
|