170 lines
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170 lines
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1196-177" ID-Pensoft-UUID="14134BBB9A435A4088CCFC53DC50430B" ID-ZooBank="D10E0EA016D742B983D93871CBF06FE1" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1196-177" checkinTime="1711447963048" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Nastasi, Louis F., Buffington, Matthew L., Davis, Charles K. & Deans, Andrew R." docDate="2024" docId="EBC146B84F125ED5B85057169C26BD71" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1196: 177-207" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1196" docPubDate="2024-03-25" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460" docTitle="Phanacis Foerster 1860" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="14134BBB9A435A4088CCFC53DC50430B" lastPageNumber="177" masterDocId="14134BBB9A435A4088CCFC53DC50430B" masterDocTitle="Key to the North American tribes and genera of herb, rose, bramble, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidae sensu lato)" masterLastPageNumber="207" masterPageNumber="177" pageNumber="177" updateTime="1711447963048" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="A914B2CA246B9F821615DB4F85BA6EE2">Key to the North American tribes and genera of herb, rose, bramble, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidae sensu lato)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C28BDBB7204E387A2F275D31A35EFF98">Nastasi, Louis F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E712CE26DEA928A42E9BE3C9E7DAB5A1" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7825-480X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="1A0688CB0C04D7E1BBC4AEBD0563AFF8">Frost Entomological Museum, Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 Agricultural Science & Industries Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="BC2DB5C127284FF4EE2077CC418504E7" type="email">lfnastasi@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="BD723C6FD3A72145D5C152B62BE59B2E">Buffington, Matthew L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="708BBDB1A58CF8483358B57C2E131884" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1900-3861</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="CBE696BEA0973EF1E120DB91ED900BA4">Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, c / o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 168, Washington, DC, 20013, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FDCC0FD3D0EB86E260B5B405BA11B2B2">Davis, Charles K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7F7723215226EC270E2A3A029D16FBB7">Frost Entomological Museum, Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 Agricultural Science & Industries Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D904EF7801D493503DD79714220F96CD">Deans, Andrew R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="169C3F73E2641CEF8FBB125427791573">Frost Entomological Museum, Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 Agricultural Science & Industries Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="9ED6EEEDCA74605DD70F156408C9A214">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D51666DD024CC6C4BB6205F6D391AE37">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="08CE312A4108530F404C88DC6E44FD34">2024-03-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E0B16C257EE38D112C7113FEEFFDB2D7">1196</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="4AD0B27A68C343436A6AFD14FA3032AF">177</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="0F69CA4ED48EAAB1FDFBB23728932C66">207</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="8383264167959DC7BAC743FCD8135630">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="856D567BD01DC41E0A01EB2D07A12F59">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="EE2DE37C6FAFF61737B5EBC30C93F502" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="181C69BCEEB909485D6BA76B916CDA4C" type="ZooBank">D10E0EA016D742B983D93871CBF06FE1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="EBC146B84F125ED5B85057169C26BD71" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EBC146B84F125ED5B85057169C26BD71" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EBC146B84F125ED5B85057169C26BD71" lastPageNumber="177" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
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<subSubSection id="082FE96F6FA3296585153DD7FE2C1EE8" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="015287873B5A6FC15F10AFFAFC57EB0E" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
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<taxonomicName id="EF6C3A8B22A075A526E1DC07CDE1B134" ID-CoL="6MRN" ID-ENA="244896" LSID="EBC146B8-4F12-5ED5-B850-57169C26BD71" authority="Foerster, 1860 (Phanacidini)" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanacis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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Phanacis
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<normalizedToken id="BCCF6E3801C904A7F29DA97517FCCBAC" originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
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, 1860 (Phanacidini)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="02EE3DA8B7BB18D9CFDBC59EDB19682E" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" type="description">
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<paragraph id="0F9843B9828E9E0D069364DAF33A2273" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
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<figureCitation id="31FB1F583195C69404750C22D4E3074B" captionStart="Figures 80–82" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figures 80 - 82. 80 Phanacis sp., anterodorsal view (USNMENT 01448498) 81 Phanacis sp., wings (USNMENT 01231855) 82 Phanacis sp., lateral view (USNMENT 01231855)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460.figures80-82" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1009582" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Figs 80-82</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="C6ACBFE4A2A61A2E0238D2FCEA78121F" captionStart="Figures 87–95" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figures 87 - 95. 87 galls of Antistrophus pisum on stem of Lygodesmia juncea (Asteraceae: Cichorieae), photographed by Chris Friesen (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 95588437) 88 galls of Antistrophus rufus in dissected stem of Silphium laciniatum (Asteraceae: Heliantheae), photographed by Andy Deans (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 64708490) 89 gall of Antistrophus silphii on apical stem of Silphium integrifolium (Asteraceae: Heliantheae), photographed by Andy Deans (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 64708191) 90 galls of Diplolepis polita on leaves of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae: Roseae), photographed by Garth Harwood (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 165442438) 91 gall of Diplolepis californica on Rosa sp. (Rosaceae: Roseae), photographed by Mary K. Hanson (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 115655737) 92 gall of Diastrophus potentillae on Potentilla simplex (Rosaceae: Potentilleae), photographed by Tom Murray (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 134669544) 93 gall of Diastrophus nebulosus on stem of Rubus sp. (Rosaceae: Rubeae), photographed by Pam Curtin (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 174007397) 94 galls of Diastrophus kincaidii on stems of Rubus parviflorus (Rosaceae: Rubeae), photographed by Adam Heikkila (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 173314109) 95 galls of Phanacis taraxaci on petiole of Taraxacum officinale (Asteraceae: Cichorieae), photographed by Nathan Earley (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 174118397)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460.figures87-95" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1009584" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">, 95</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D8BFC2754E8FC95BBFC66119125F0FE9" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" type="type species">
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<paragraph id="1CD945B395197F68CB43BA97EA5D0B37" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FE90DA74AD06E16A1E5B36D86BE9F9BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
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<taxonomicName id="A5D7D1FD8F6243461AE3080ED787ABBA" authorityName="Diakonchuk" authorityYear="1981" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Parapanteliella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parapanteliella eugeniae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eugeniae">
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<emphasis id="509DA7FDB9FBE078642F3B5BA7E095BB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Parapanteliella eugeniae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Diakontschuk, 1981.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EF5DE7BE2AD530B82197A46869576688" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="81105E4030F28578FBB848967535387F" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9BE49EF9F5E03E0F81464AB24A95BC2B" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Pronotum tall and broad dorsomedially. Pronotal submedial pits rather indistinct and poorly impressed, appearing as a narrow linear impression rather than distinct ovular pits. Pronotal plate present, usually only distinct in anterior half of pronotum. Mesopleuron sculpture reticulate. Mesoscutellar foveae distinct. Fore wing with marginal cell partially open, with vein R1 reaching anterior margin of fore wing and continuing along wing margin but not meeting vein Rs. Wings always hyaline, never tinted or with darkened areas. Metatarsal claws without basal lobe. Metasomal tergites 2 and 3 free and articulate, never with a syntergite.</paragraph>
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<caption id="2E1F3DDCDD83CF7CDFB5B1541DC6B57E" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460.figures80-82" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1009582" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" start="Figures 80–82" startId="F19">
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<paragraph id="FC1D05E5F4572CBD32EC00C65D65F797" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
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<emphasis id="F7E4204225A6E6758E9E2E4B698FC316" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Figures 80-82.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="DD8F962AFBE2290F3A5542E8825C743D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">80</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="564E10DC5FD9E2ECD0699F4CEB39430F" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanacis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FE3DA79C6D910F601B4401B6ACBBC543" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Phanacis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp., anterodorsal view (USNMENT01448498)
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<emphasis id="D1C55F8827D3B5C9CA517A2D304F5836" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">81</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="011D963B4E10A7048ADD754603E0DD09" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanacis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7B7CBCBD9D0B85F6AFDC6BC6DB49D30F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Phanacis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp., wings (USNMENT01231855)
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<emphasis id="C282B2CB4745A14B339E4B567C63174E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">82</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="DA19D697D4AAC6D3253DE0C82411D165" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanacis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="87950892D2DBB3D4F9D7399EADFD8D31" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Phanacis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp., lateral view (USNMENT01231855).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="07600B94F754C13A0FB45AFFB5945B51" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" type="notes">
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<paragraph id="67B1AEB2862D9B918C47149936566FF9" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Note.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="12BB0EDBCB54DAAC0F643FB5394CD629" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
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<taxonomicName id="016217703AB3FF75DD95F8F3603FA1B0" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="tribe" tribe="Phanacidini">Phanacidini</taxonomicName>
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includes two North American species, both in
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<taxonomicName id="06FDEE69E8C58B6B2E905713B239E642" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanacis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="BEBFBDE6B6ED3D03E399644D6C25CB6E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Phanacis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="691A37F53CAF8A2170FDC07CA8CC26E8" originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
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, which have been introduced along with their host plants (
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<bibRefCitation id="6F73C17DEE979F9C5ACF14C66AD9CCFB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e68558" author="Nastasi, LF" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" refId="B15" refString="Nastasi, LF, Deans, AR, 2021. Catalogue of rose gall, herb gall, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the United States, Canada and Mexico. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e68558. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e68558" title="Catalogue of rose gall, herb gall, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the United States, Canada and Mexico. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e 68558." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e68558" year="2021">Nastasi and Deans 2021</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="92E632418FA3DAA5BA1436DBF7AE9356" baseAuthorityName="Kieffer" baseAuthorityYear="1887" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanacis hypochoeridis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypochoeridis">
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<emphasis id="4AC07816C8613836660DEB13D04D5BE7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Phanacis hypochoeridis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Kieffer, 1887) induces galls on
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<taxonomicName id="99221D2FB4650FE8590ACABC8EB04CA9" class="Equisetopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Hypochaeris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hypochaeris radicata" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="radicata">
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<emphasis id="B31AD73154D1756685246F95988A37A5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Hypochaeris radicata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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|
L. and is apparently restricted to the western United States (
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|
<bibRefCitation id="E7ECCF177A2651FB8015F355E42D916E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e68558" author="Nastasi, LF" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" refId="B15" refString="Nastasi, LF, Deans, AR, 2021. Catalogue of rose gall, herb gall, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the United States, Canada and Mexico. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e68558. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e68558" title="Catalogue of rose gall, herb gall, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the United States, Canada and Mexico. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e 68558." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e68558" year="2021">Nastasi and Deans 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
). The other species,
|
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|
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<taxonomicName id="4E2931D07CF43528E43A3E073F813141" lsidName="P. taraxaci" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="taraxaci">
|
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|
<emphasis id="3A904CF25C33CAF4010497EB63711AEE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">P. taraxaci</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(Ashmead, 1897), induces galls on
|
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|
|
<taxonomicName id="6D7553A56F2927DDD32793FC0E86150D" class="Equisetopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Taraxacum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Taraxacum officinale" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="officinale">
|
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|
|
<emphasis id="3ED86C6A34CABAF415BE27E8BD5B5126" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Taraxacum officinale</emphasis>
|
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|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
F. H. Wigg. (Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="2DF842BBC55D7AB649D4A04D5C06B279" captionStart="Figures 87–95" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figures 87 - 95. 87 galls of Antistrophus pisum on stem of Lygodesmia juncea (Asteraceae: Cichorieae), photographed by Chris Friesen (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 95588437) 88 galls of Antistrophus rufus in dissected stem of Silphium laciniatum (Asteraceae: Heliantheae), photographed by Andy Deans (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 64708490) 89 gall of Antistrophus silphii on apical stem of Silphium integrifolium (Asteraceae: Heliantheae), photographed by Andy Deans (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 64708191) 90 galls of Diplolepis polita on leaves of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae: Roseae), photographed by Garth Harwood (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 165442438) 91 gall of Diplolepis californica on Rosa sp. (Rosaceae: Roseae), photographed by Mary K. Hanson (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 115655737) 92 gall of Diastrophus potentillae on Potentilla simplex (Rosaceae: Potentilleae), photographed by Tom Murray (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 134669544) 93 gall of Diastrophus nebulosus on stem of Rubus sp. (Rosaceae: Rubeae), photographed by Pam Curtin (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 174007397) 94 galls of Diastrophus kincaidii on stems of Rubus parviflorus (Rosaceae: Rubeae), photographed by Adam Heikkila (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 173314109) 95 galls of Phanacis taraxaci on petiole of Taraxacum officinale (Asteraceae: Cichorieae), photographed by Nathan Earley (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 174118397)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460.figures87-95" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1009584" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">95</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) and is widespread in eastern North America (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="991D36F6A52988DB7C3AA62060267922" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e68558" author="Nastasi, LF" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" refId="B15" refString="Nastasi, LF, Deans, AR, 2021. Catalogue of rose gall, herb gall, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the United States, Canada and Mexico. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e68558. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e68558" title="Catalogue of rose gall, herb gall, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the United States, Canada and Mexico. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e 68558." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e68558" year="2021">Nastasi and Deans 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="A17A08330777446C2EE85E66E4978AF8" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" type="north american species (nastasi and deans 2021)">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="A2ED8BB2E6596428ACFBE12714807D1B" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">North American species (Nastasi and Deans 2021):</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9ADA9F7EB87711EBC06E07943D468D0E" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
|
|||
|
|
1.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FA10A602C80ED5928435E095A05C7AF1" baseAuthorityName="Kieffer" baseAuthorityYear="1887" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanacis hypochoeridis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypochoeridis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="0ED8F13552FD6101C151AC1DE1AE82C1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Phanacis hypochoeridis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(Kieffer, 1887)
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="4C69A541CA8C0E9DCD5EC6C08ECDF344" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
|
|||
|
|
2.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7DFFC58038F103B8F23148C19295F3D8" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanacis taraxaci" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taraxaci">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B7733A78DEE647124BFA13BC1BA03A34" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Phanacis taraxaci</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(Ashmead, 1897)
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|