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<document id="E8DAB29305A9C3703CF2956D3A441369" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.213409" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f70642fe-f725-49d1-a2f4-48dca88c74a4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="213409" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460478220173" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Liu, Xiaoyan, Zhang, Lili &amp; Yang, Ding" docDate="2012" docId="0F59970AD412FFB4FF72FCABAFD4FE8E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03300p061.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3300" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Syneches apicalis Liu, Zhang &amp; Yang, 2012, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="58" masterDocId="F360EF72D413FFB7FFE5FF4FAC67FFAF" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Syneches belonging to S. signatus species-group from Vietnam (Diptera: Empidoidea, Hybotinae)" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="55" pageNumber="56" updateTime="1698307145355" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="701CE5A59D2639EF964BF5260B0029E3" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="6436D189C069357A2FA600D597D07D9E">
<mods:title id="B358BA20E732AA964096EB7E5E7A2C2B">Two new species of Syneches belonging to S. signatus species-group from Vietnam (Diptera: Empidoidea, Hybotinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="9D958921CAE9C33D3A5D4EC323401936" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B002BDB7070F353F03E4EA86A88EA241">
<mods:roleTerm id="DCB6D5F75F38A5417D5A12424900703E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CC8656EE0401645F1BF327FAB9CA353D">Liu, Xiaoyan</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="8892A06E3398B8E64380D10B32C3EAB2" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D7B35D66470C4E736D67F4AC8D905825">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5613282C9FD7CBDC110D660239D3BC06">Zhang, Lili</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="885F7C282BD9CFFF0D89993939117C92" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7377B3731C0DD79A3AE7B163D37BF2C4">
<mods:roleTerm id="3D9D7AA834F9424BA27FA2799505B153">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="42AEE98DF428807B72DC656EE2342273">Yang, Ding</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="5E08B8F92B8BE0729C51C09F61F4EB36">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="5B6C354C94B8871D8330A71DB2E78964" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="917765157128538A19DE4D816A0FB6B9">
<mods:title id="A1957BAD07E2A6270245772F87BFBAD7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="3A7B17DCB43947220B532B586746FB6D">
<mods:date id="8387FEE04490F1A17C85F504ACB2C84B">2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="88AEFC5F9B3E5BA026BD0E00DB969777" type="volume">
<mods:number id="97B05018DF10ECA11ED4588010CAA372">3300</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="1680890F6025B66C2E9D6BF8F91C29CD">55</mods:start>
<mods:end id="97F29D62F3CDB8C5B2D1F28BB2C17522">61</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="EDAA4665C78DEFECDC738F16A2738AEA">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="BDDC303DB5838676C6FBCEDDBF39A193" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.213409</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="69BC1BAAFF033A943E468BD0E6B4FA48" type="GBIF-Dataset">f70642fe-f725-49d1-a2f4-48dca88c74a4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F514C7F8A2B8852343C1F0FFB602AB01" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B3097A4342A671A67E29C6563AEEDDD8" type="Zenodo-Dep">213409</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0F59970AD412FFB4FF72FCABAFD4FE8E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6181135" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119516719" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6181135" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F59970AD412FFB4FF72FCABAFD4FE8E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F59970AD412FFB4FF72FCABAFD4FE8E" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
<subSubSection id="CFEA7597D412FFB6FF72FCABADB9FC52" box="[151,478,996,1021]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="874F261CD412FFB6FF72FCABADB9FC52" blockId="1.[151,478,996,1056]" box="[151,478,996,1021]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
<heading id="DC079170D412FFB6FF72FCABADB9FC52" bold="true" box="[151,478,996,1021]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B584FA0ED412FFB6FF72FCABADB9FC52" bold="true" box="[151,478,996,1021]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
1.
<taxonomicName id="40F05D9FD412FFB6FF56FCABAD19FC52" box="[179,382,996,1021]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B584FA0ED412FFB6FF56FCABAD19FC52" bold="true" box="[179,382,996,1021]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Syneches apicalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEB74775D412FFB6FE60FCAAADB9FC52" box="[389,478,997,1021]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFEA7597D412FFB6FF72FB47AD2EFB8F" box="[151,329,1032,1056]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="description">
<paragraph id="874F261CD412FFB6FF72FB47AD2EFB8F" blockId="1.[151,478,996,1056]" box="[151,329,1032,1056]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">(Figs. 1, 2, 3–5)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFEA7597D412FFB6FF72FB1FAE0EFB1C" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="874F261CD412FFB6FF72FB1FAE0EFB1C" blockId="1.[151,1437,1104,2001]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B584FA0ED412FFB6FF72FB1FAD76FBC6" bold="true" box="[151,273,1104,1129]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Thorax blackish with dark yellow scutellum. Fore and mid femora blackish with yellow apex and hind femur entirely black. Wings apically tinged grayish. Pterostigma short, dark brown, filling apical 0.2 of cell r1. R4+5 and M1 not distinctly convergent apically.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFEA7597D412FFB6FF2CFB8EAE0AF87E" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="description">
<paragraph id="874F261CD412FFB6FF2CFB8EAF86FB75" blockId="1.[151,1437,1104,2001]" box="[201,993,1217,1242]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B584FA0ED412FFB6FF2CFB8EAD3CFB75" bold="true" box="[201,347,1217,1242]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Description.</emphasis>
Male (Fig. 1). Body length
<quantity id="40088BF9D412FFB6FD71FB8DAE8AFB75" box="[660,749,1218,1242]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 mm</quantity>
, wing length
<quantity id="40088BF9D412FFB6FC61FB8DAFB9FB75" box="[900,990,1218,1242]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="874F261CD412FFB6FF2CFBA9AD43FA1D" blockId="1.[151,1437,1104,2001]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
Head blackish brown with gray pollen. Eyes contiguous on frons, brown with enlarged upper facets yellow. Hairs and bristles on head black. Ocellar tubercle weak with 2 oc and 2 posterior hairs. Antenna dark yellow except first flagellomere blackish with dark yellow extreme base; first flagellomere about
<date id="F34E00DCD412FFB6FBD5FA61A834FAE9" box="[1072,1107,1326,1350]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">2X</date>
longer than wide, with 1 dorsal bristle; arista dark brown, very long (about
<date id="F34E00DCD412FFB6FD47FA1DAEA3FAC5" box="[674,708,1362,1386]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">3X</date>
as long as three basal antennal segments), bare. Proboscis nearly as long as head, brownish yellow; palpus brownish yellow with black hairs, 1 ventral bristle at middle and 1 ventral bristle at tip.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="874F261CD412FFB6FF2CFAF1A9FBF829" blockId="1.[151,1437,1104,2001]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
Thorax blackish with gray pollen except postalar calli dark brownish yellow and scutellum dark yellow. Hairs and bristles on thorax black. Hairs on mesonotum short, but mid-posterior area with some longer hairs; h absent; 6 irregularly seriated acr short and hair-like, 2 npl, 1 psa; scutellum with 10 marginal hairs and bristles. Fore and mid legs blackish except apex of femora yellow, tibiae and tarsi yellow with tarsomere 5 dark brown; hind leg black except tarsus yellow with tarsomere 5 dark brown.
<collectingCountry id="FFE7668CD412FFB6FD0DF901AF47F9C9" box="[744,800,1614,1638]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Hind</collectingCountry>
femur distinctly thickened, 2.1X as wide as hind tibia. Hairs and bristles on legs black except several ventral bristles and apicoventral bristles on mid tibia brownish yellow; tarsi with ventral hairs and bristles mostly brownish yellow. Fore femur with row of long hair-like av and pv slightly longer than femur thickness; mid femur with row of very long av and pv distinctly longer than femur thickness.
<collectingCountry id="FFE7668CD412FFB6FF33F991AD69F959" box="[214,270,1758,1782]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Hind</collectingCountry>
femur with 2 ad located on weak tubercles of apical half, one row of 12 strong av on distinct tubercles except basal tubercles weak; apically with 3 short v on tubercles. Mid tibia with 1 very long ad and 1 very long av at base; apically with 1 long thin black ad, 1 long thin black pd and 1 very long brownish yellow pv.
<collectingCountry id="FFE7668CD412FFB6FACCF869A906F891" box="[1321,1377,1830,1854]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Hind</collectingCountry>
tibia weakly curved. Wing (
<figureCitation id="1FCB3A99D412FFB6FE7CF805ADBAF8CD" box="[409,477,1866,1890]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1688,1711]" captionTargetBox="[185,1405,1168,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,1137,1693]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Syneches apicalis sp. nov. (male). Wing. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213410/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) nearly hyaline, apically tinged grayish; short pterostigma dark brown, filling apical 0.2 of cell r1; veins dark brown; R4+5 and M1 not distinctly convergent apically. Halter dark brown with yellow base.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="874F261CD412FFB6FF2CF8DAAE0AF87E" blockId="1.[151,1437,1104,2001]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Abdomen dark brown with gray pollen except posterolateral portion of tergite 1 dark yellow, sternites 1–2 yellow. Hairs and bristles on abdomen black.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFEA7597D411FFB5FEE5FB0AADF8F808" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" type="key">
<paragraph id="874F261CD411FFB5FEE5FB0AAF1EFBF4" blockId="2.[256,889,1093,1115]" box="[256,889,1093,1115]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
<key id="F361712DD411FFB5FEE5FB0AAF1EFBF4" box="[256,889,1093,1115]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
<keyStep id="3C043EB9D411FFB5FEE5FB0AAF1EFBF4" box="[256,889,1093,1115]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
<keyLead id="3C018529D411FFB5FEE5FB0AAF1EFBF4" box="[256,889,1093,1115]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B584FA0ED411FFB5FEE5FB0AAE45FBF4" bold="true" box="[256,546,1093,1115]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">1. sp. nov.</emphasis>
=
<quantity id="40088BF9D411FFB5FCD2FB09AF12FBF4" box="[823,885,1094,1115]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
.
</keyLead>
</keyStep>
</key>
</paragraph>
<caption id="D38F7694D411FFB5FF72F9D7AF11F900" box="[151,886,1688,1711]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213410/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" targetBox="[185,1405,1168,1687]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="874F261CD411FFB5FF72F9D7AF11F900" blockId="2.[151,886,1688,1711]" box="[151,886,1688,1711]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B584FA0ED411FFB5FF72F9D7AD74F901" bold="true" box="[151,275,1688,1711]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40F05D9FD411FFB5FEFCF9D6ADABF900" box="[281,460,1689,1711]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B584FA0ED411FFB5FEFCF9D6ADABF900" box="[281,460,1689,1711]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Syneches apicalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B584FA0ED411FFB5FE37F9D6AE45F901" bold="true" box="[466,546,1689,1710]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEB74775D411FFB5FE37F9D6AE45F901" box="[466,546,1689,1710]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(male). Wing. Scale bar = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="874F261CD411FFB5FF2CF994ADF8F808" blockId="2.[151,1436,1755,2032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="1FCB3A99D411FFB5FE9EF994AD8EF95C" box="[379,489,1755,1779]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[153,1407,339,1484]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,307,1513]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 5. Syneches apicalis sp. nov. (male). 3. Epandrium and cercus, lateral view; 4. Epandrium and cerci, dorsal view; 5. Hypandrium and phallus, ventral view. Abbreviations: cer = cercus; epn = epandrium; hyp = hypandrium; pg = postgonite; ph = phallus; sur = surstylus. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213411/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Figs. 3–5</figureCitation>
): Epandrium (
<figureCitation id="1FCB3A99D411FFB5FD6FF994AEA8F95C" box="[650,719,1755,1779]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[153,1407,339,1484]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,307,1513]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 5. Syneches apicalis sp. nov. (male). 3. Epandrium and cercus, lateral view; 4. Epandrium and cerci, dorsal view; 5. Hypandrium and phallus, ventral view. Abbreviations: cer = cercus; epn = epandrium; hyp = hypandrium; pg = postgonite; ph = phallus; sur = surstylus. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213411/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) distinctly longer than wide and with U-shaped mid-basal incision in dorsal view; surstylus (
<figureCitation id="1FCB3A99D411FFB5FE1DF9B0AE5BF8B8" box="[504,572,1791,1815]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[153,1407,339,1484]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,307,1513]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 5. Syneches apicalis sp. nov. (male). 3. Epandrium and cercus, lateral view; 4. Epandrium and cerci, dorsal view; 5. Hypandrium and phallus, ventral view. Abbreviations: cer = cercus; epn = epandrium; hyp = hypandrium; pg = postgonite; ph = phallus; sur = surstylus. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213411/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) with dorsal process distinct and acute apically, ventral process very short, wide and obtuse apically in lateral view; hypandrium (
<figureCitation id="1FCB3A99D411FFB5FCC5F86CAF00F894" box="[800,871,1827,1851]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[153,1407,339,1484]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,307,1513]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 5. Syneches apicalis sp. nov. (male). 3. Epandrium and cercus, lateral view; 4. Epandrium and cerci, dorsal view; 5. Hypandrium and phallus, ventral view. Abbreviations: cer = cercus; epn = epandrium; hyp = hypandrium; pg = postgonite; ph = phallus; sur = surstylus. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213411/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) distinctly longer than wide, slightly narrowing toward tip, with weak middle incision apically; phallus (
<figureCitation id="1FCB3A99D411FFB5FCC6F808AF0FF8F0" box="[803,872,1863,1887]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[153,1407,339,1484]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,307,1513]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 5. Syneches apicalis sp. nov. (male). 3. Epandrium and cercus, lateral view; 4. Epandrium and cerci, dorsal view; 5. Hypandrium and phallus, ventral view. Abbreviations: cer = cercus; epn = epandrium; hyp = hypandrium; pg = postgonite; ph = phallus; sur = surstylus. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213411/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) apically thin and nearly acute, subapically with very short lateral process acute; postgonite closely associated with phallus, narrowly visible in ventral view. Female. Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFEA7597D411FFB5FF2CF8FBA9FBF840" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="874F261CD411FFB5FF2CF8FBA9FBF840" blockId="2.[151,1436,1755,2032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B584FA0ED411FFB5FF2CF8FBAE71F863" bold="true" box="[201,534,1971,1996]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
<typeStatus id="584B98BED411FFB5FF2CF8FBAD64F863" box="[201,259,1972,1996]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Type</typeStatus>
material.
<typeStatus id="584B98BED411FFB5FE9FF8FCAE71F863" box="[378,534,1971,1996]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
ɗ (in alcohol),
<collectingCountry id="FFE7668CD411FFB5FD26F8FBAF22F863" box="[707,837,1972,1996]" name="Vietnam" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">VIETNAM</collectingCountry>
, Dongnai, Tanphu, Namcattien, Cattien National Park,
<geoCoordinate id="E2C440DBD411FFB5FF72F898AD5FF840" box="[151,312,2007,2031]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" precision="1" value="11.636913">11°38'12.89''N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="E2C440DBD411FFB5FED8F898AD8BF840" box="[317,492,2007,2031]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" precision="1" value="107.45694">107°27'24.99''E</geoCoordinate>
, 2011.
<date id="F34E00DCD411FFB5FDDEF898AE12F840" box="[571,629,2007,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">VII.3</date>
, Guoquan Wang (
<collectionCode id="E1E1BED9D411FFB5FCDCF898AF1EF840" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" box="[825,889,2007,2031]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">CAU</collectionCode>
). The specimen was collected from tropical forest.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFEA7597D410FFB4FF22FFD7AEDFFF52" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="874F261CD410FFB4FF22FFD7AEDFFF52" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,290]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B584FA0ED410FFB4FF22FFD7AD5CFF1F" bold="true" box="[199,315,152,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Remarks.</emphasis>
The species is easily separated from other members of the group by R4+5 and M1 not distinctly convergent apically. In other members of the group, R4+5 and M1 are distinctly convergent apically (
<bibRefCitation id="E3615BEDD410FFB4FAEAFFF0A9F0FF78" author="Bezzi" box="[1295,1431,191,215]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Bezzi, M. (1912) Rhagionidae et Empididae ex Insula Formosa a Clar. H. Sauter Missae. Annales Historico-Naturalies Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 10, 442 - 495." type="journal article" year="1912">Bezzi 1912</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E3615BEDD410FFB4FF72FFAAAD23FF52" author="Melander" box="[151,324,229,253]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Melander, A. L. (1928) Diptera, Fam. Empididae. In: Wytsman, P. (ed.). Genera Insectorum, 1927. Fasc. 185. Louis Desmet- Verteneuil, Bruxelles. 434 pp." type="book" year="1928">Melander 1928</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E3615BEDD410FFB4FEB5FFA9ADA2FF52" author="Frey" box="[336,453,229,254]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Frey, R. (1938) Hybotinen (Dipt., Empididae) von Formosa und den Philippinen. Notulae Entomologicae, 18, 52 - 62." type="journal article" year="1938">Frey 1938</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E3615BEDD410FFB4FE34FFA9AECBFF52" author="Yang" box="[465,684,229,254]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Yang, D. &amp; Yang, C. K. (2004) Diptera, Empididae, Hemerodromiinae Hybotinae. Fauna Sinica Insecta, Vol. 34. Science Press, Beijing, 329 pp." type="book" year="2004">Yang &amp; Yang 2004</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFEA7597D410FFB4FF2CFE45AFD4FE8E" box="[201,947,265,290]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="874F261CD410FFB4FF2CFE45AFD4FE8E" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,290]" box="[201,947,265,290]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B584FA0ED410FFB4FF2CFE45AD28FE8D" bold="true" box="[201,335,266,290]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name refers to the dark apex of the wing.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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