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<document id="E92FF78EFCF41EC9BABB992EBB0E4421" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.180328" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cb574e34-2a2e-4dea-8cd2-e9b6785860d6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="180328" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459803847985" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shattuck, Steven O" docDate="2008" docId="03BE87DDE379B96FFF2DFB0501FDFC32" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01677p045.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1677" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Aphaenogaster pythia Forel" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="FF87FFA5E369B97DFFBAFFCA0077FFC8" masterDocTitle="Australian ants of the genus Aphaenogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="45" masterPageNumber="25" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1698220381668" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="6EE5D096EEDF11ACC161DD266D746DD3" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="BA42404DD4A009EE32964EB7DCA60E49">
<mods:title id="ADE9FA88AF8C3AE739466D25EDAADA93">Australian ants of the genus Aphaenogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="0F62BC48EDCB5FDB550BC1F6714F37E5" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="BAECFBC2557CA48A3FE4E962E5083EF9">Shattuck, Steven O</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5CD828E66B18221C795FB4F1FFE48F92">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="AF0C4D1A94A6DAD03B9DBAF08463EC65">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="746C254C2EF2F9DB2D816E1DA621FFD9">
<mods:date id="09DDE8121C9235F0B82EE5DA5AF77280">2008</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="636A0E8919C307534BAB58EA317F87DA" type="volume">
<mods:number id="ED723863C2B23D784BA5D7002B39D95C">1677</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="9D736509F8F5F0231FACF4BECCE5D7E3">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="A7B64B97CBC294567BD65C8F07A93F8B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.180328</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DF028579E59386DAF7708AE5501CB3B9" type="GBIF-Dataset">cb574e34-2a2e-4dea-8cd2-e9b6785860d6</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E6D4D0DA84549566598F61EB26DEC8B2" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BE87DDE379B96FFF2DFB0501FDFC32" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6235696" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119352580" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6235696" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE87DDE379B96FFF2DFB0501FDFC32" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE87DDE379B96FFF2DFB0501FDFC32" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">
<subSubSection id="C30D6540E379B96DFF2DFB0501F2FAC4" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA836CBE379B96DFF2DFB05019EFB21" blockId="16.[151,489,1231,1292]" box="[151,489,1231,1257]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">
<heading id="D0E081A7E379B96DFF2DFB05019EFB21" bold="true" box="[151,489,1231,1257]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E379B96DFF2DFB05019EFB21" ID-CoL="5VKMJ" authority="Forel" authorityName="Forel" box="[151,489,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pythia">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E379B96DFF2DFB05019EFB21" bold="true" box="[151,489,1231,1257]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E379B96DFF2DFB0501D7FB21" bold="true" box="[151,416,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Aphaenogaster pythia</emphasis>
Forel
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA836CBE379B96DFF2DFB3801F2FAC4" blockId="16.[151,489,1231,1292]" box="[151,389,1266,1292]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">
(
<figureCitation id="132C2A4EE379B96DFF25FB380152FAC4" box="[159,293,1266,1292]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 18. A" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,182,1715]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,182,1715]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 18. A. poultoni Crawley, worker: Fig. 13, front of head; Fig. 14, lateral view of body. A. pythia Forel, neotype worker: Fig. 15, front of head; Fig. 16, lateral view of body. A. reichelae sp. n., holotype worker: Fig. 17, front of head; Fig. 18, lateral view of body." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180330/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Figs 15, 16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132C2A4EE379B96DFE88FB380125FAC4" box="[306,338,1266,1292]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="12.[151,255,1255,1279]" captionTargetBox="[245,1348,484,1226]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[223,1369,458,1247]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 23. Scape length versus head width measurements for A. pythia and A. reichelae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180333/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">23</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132C2A4EE379B96DFEE4FB38010AFAC4" box="[350,381,1266,1292]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 31" captionStartId="14.[151,269,807,831]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,783]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,194,783]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 31. Distribution of material examined during this study: Fig. 30, A. pythia; Fig. 31, A. reichelae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180335/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">30</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30D6540E379B96DFF2DFA88032CFA11" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA836CBE379B96DFF2DFA8802BCFA91" blockId="16.[151,1436,1346,1497]" box="[151,715,1346,1369]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0711E5E379B96DFF2DFA8802BCFA91" box="[151,715,1346,1369]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E379B96DFF2DFA8802B0FA91" ID-CoL="5VKMJ" authority="Forel, 1915: 76" authorityName="Forel" authorityPageNumber="76" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,711,1346,1369]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pythia" subGenus="Deromyrma">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E379B96DFF2DFA88014FFA91" box="[151,312,1346,1369]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Aphaenogaster</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E379B96DFEF2FA8801BFFA91" box="[328,456,1346,1369]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Deromyrma</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E379B96DFE6DFA88026DFA91" box="[471,538,1346,1369]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">pythia</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AB610DAE379B96DFD9AFA8802B0FA91" author="Forel" box="[544,711,1346,1369]" page="76" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" year="1915">
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B3AE379B96DFD9AFA8802E8FA91" author="Forel" box="[544,671,1346,1369]" pageId="16" pageNumber="45" refString="Forel, A. (1915) Results of Dr. E. Mjobergs Swedish Scientific Expeditions to Australia 1910 - 13. 2. Ameisen. Arkiv for Zoologi, 9 (16), 1 - 119." type="journal article" year="1915">Forel, 1915</bibRefCitation>
: 76
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA836CBE379B96DFF2DFAA804BDFAB1" blockId="16.[151,1436,1346,1497]" box="[151,1226,1378,1401]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0711E5E379B96DFF2DFAA804BDFAB1" box="[151,1226,1378,1401]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E379B96DFF2DFAA80220FAB1" ID-CoL="F9V9" authority="Mayr, 1876: 96" authorityName="Mayr" authorityPageNumber="96" authorityYear="1876" box="[151,599,1378,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E379B96DFF2DFAA801D2FAB1" box="[151,421,1378,1401]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Aphaenogaster longiceps</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AB610DAE379B96DFE09FAA80220FAB1" author="Mayr" box="[435,599,1378,1401]" page="96" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" year="1876">
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B3AE379B96DFE09FAA80245FAB1" author="Mayr" box="[435,562,1378,1401]" pageId="16" pageNumber="45" refString="Mayr, G. (1876) Die australischen Formiciden. Journal des Museum Godeffroy, 12, 56 - 115." type="journal article" year="1876">Mayr, 1876</bibRefCitation>
: 96
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(misidentification recognised by
<treatmentCitation id="0AB610DAE379B96DFC07FAA804C9FAB1" author="Smith" box="[957,1214,1378,1401]" page="229" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B3AE379B96DFC07FAA804F0FAB1" author="Smith" box="[957,1159,1378,1401]" pageId="16" pageNumber="45" refString="Smith, M. R. (1961) A study of New Guinea ants of the genus Aphaenogaster Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Acta Hymenopterologica, 1, 213 - 237." type="journal article" year="1961">M. R. Smith, 1961</bibRefCitation>
: 229
</treatmentCitation>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA836CBE379B96DFF2DFA480135FA71" blockId="16.[151,1436,1346,1497]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0711E5E379B96DFF2DFA480135FA71" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E379B96DFF2DFA48028FFA51" ID-CoL="F9V9" authority="Forel, 1915: 75" authorityName="Forel" authorityPageNumber="75" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,760,1410,1433]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps" subGenus="Deromyrma">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E379B96DFF2DFA48014FFA51" box="[151,312,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Aphaenogaster</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E379B96DFEF3FA4801BEFA51" box="[329,457,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Deromyrma</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E379B96DFE61FA480236FA51" box="[475,577,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">longiceps</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AB610DAE379B96DFDEBFA48028FFA51" author="Forel" box="[593,760,1410,1433]" page="75" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" year="1915">
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B3AE379B96DFDEBFA4802A6FA51" author="Forel" box="[593,721,1410,1433]" pageId="16" pageNumber="45" refString="Forel, A. (1915) Results of Dr. E. Mjobergs Swedish Scientific Expeditions to Australia 1910 - 13. 2. Ameisen. Arkiv for Zoologi, 9 (16), 1 - 119." type="journal article" year="1915">Forel, 1915</bibRefCitation>
: 75
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E379B96DFC92FA4803D4FA51" box="[808,931,1410,1433]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruginota">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E379B96DFC92FA4803D4FA51" box="[808,931,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">A. ruginota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, misidentification recognised by
<treatmentCitation id="0AB610DAE379B96DFAB4FA480141FA71" author="Smith" page="229" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B3AE379B96DFAB4FA480177FA71" author="Smith" pageId="16" pageNumber="45" refString="Smith, M. R. (1961) A study of New Guinea ants of the genus Aphaenogaster Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Acta Hymenopterologica, 1, 213 - 237." type="journal article" year="1961">M. R. Smith, 1961</bibRefCitation>
: 229
</treatmentCitation>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA836CBE379B96DFF2DFA08032CFA11" blockId="16.[151,1436,1346,1497]" box="[151,859,1474,1497]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0711E5E379B96DFF2DFA08032CFA11" box="[151,859,1474,1497]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E379B96DFF2DFA08020EFA11" ID-CoL="5VKMJ" authority="Forel" authorityName="Forel" box="[151,633,1474,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pythia" subGenus="Nystalomyrma">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E379B96DFF2DFA08014FFA11" box="[151,312,1474,1497]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Aphaenogaster</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E379B96DFEF2FA080194FA11" box="[328,483,1474,1497]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Nystalomyrma</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E379B96DFE49FA080241FA11" box="[499,566,1474,1497]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">pythia</emphasis>
Forel
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AB610DAE379B96DFD38FA080320FA11" author="Wheeler" box="[642,855,1474,1497]" page="219" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" year="1916">
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B3AE379B96DFD38FA080355FA11" author="Wheeler" box="[642,802,1474,1497]" pageId="16" pageNumber="45" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1916) The Australian ants of the genus Aphaenogaster Mayr. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 40, 213 - 223." type="journal article" year="1916">Wheeler, 1916</bibRefCitation>
: 219
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30D6540E379B96DFF2DF9C00501F9BC" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA836CBE379B96DFF2DF9C00501F9BC" blockId="16.[151,1437,1546,2012]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E379B96DFF2DF9C000A9F9EC" bold="true" box="[151,222,1546,1572]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">
<typeStatus id="54AC8869E379B96DFF2DF9C000A9F9EC" box="[151,222,1546,1572]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Types</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
<typeStatus id="54AC8869E379B96DFF4AF9C00124F9EC" box="[240,339,1546,1572]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
worker,
<collectingCountry id="F300765BE379B96DFE04F9C0025BF9EC" box="[446,556,1546,1572]" name="Australia" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Australia</collectingCountry>
, Queensland, Millstream National Park, near Ravenshoe,
<date id="FFA9100BE379B96DFB67F9C0053AF9EC" box="[1245,1357,1546,1572]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">6 August</date>
, 1975, B. B. Lowery, dry sclerophyll (ANIC) (ANIC32-
<date id="FFA9100BE379B96DFD65F9F8034DF984" box="[735,826,1586,1612]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" value="18-03-10">031018</date>
) (additional non-type material from this nest series includes
<specimenCount id="9D11FD42E379B96DFF45F99001F2F9BC" box="[255,389,1626,1652]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" type="worker">40 workers</specimenCount>
, two queens (one dealate) and one male) (ANIC32-000767) (ANIC, MCZC, QMBA).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30D6540E379B96DFF7DF9480127F8AC" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA836CBE379B96DFF7DF9480127F8AC" blockId="16.[151,1437,1546,2012]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E379B96DFF7DF9480137F954" bold="true" box="[199,320,1666,1692]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Hairs on venter of head randomly distributed and not forming a distinct psammophore (
<figureCitation id="132C2A4EE379B96DFAD7F94800C0F90C" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 18. A" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,182,1715]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,182,1715]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 18. A. poultoni Crawley, worker: Fig. 13, front of head; Fig. 14, lateral view of body. A. pythia Forel, neotype worker: Fig. 15, front of head; Fig. 16, lateral view of body. A. reichelae sp. n., holotype worker: Fig. 17, front of head; Fig. 18, lateral view of body." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180330/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
); posterior margin of head nearly flat in full face view, extending laterally of the occipital collar before passing through a distinct posterolateral corner into the lateral margin of the head (
<figureCitation id="132C2A4EE379B96DFBDDF91804C9F924" box="[1127,1214,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 18. A" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,182,1715]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,182,1715]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 18. A. poultoni Crawley, worker: Fig. 13, front of head; Fig. 14, lateral view of body. A. pythia Forel, neotype worker: Fig. 15, front of head; Fig. 16, lateral view of body. A. reichelae sp. n., holotype worker: Fig. 17, front of head; Fig. 18, lateral view of body." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180330/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
); propodeal spines short (
<figureCitation id="132C2A4EE379B96DFF58F930014DF8DC" box="[226,314,1786,1812]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 18. A" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,182,1715]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,182,1715]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 18. A. poultoni Crawley, worker: Fig. 13, front of head; Fig. 14, lateral view of body. A. pythia Forel, neotype worker: Fig. 15, front of head; Fig. 16, lateral view of body. A. reichelae sp. n., holotype worker: Fig. 17, front of head; Fig. 18, lateral view of body." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180330/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
); scape relatively short (SI less than 125,
<figureCitation id="132C2A4EE379B96DFC91F93003F4F8DC" box="[811,899,1786,1812]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="12.[151,255,1255,1279]" captionTargetBox="[245,1348,484,1226]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[223,1369,458,1247]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 23. Scape length versus head width measurements for A. pythia and A. reichelae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180333/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
). This species is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E379B96DFABDF93105E2F8DC" box="[1287,1429,1787,1812]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reichelae">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E379B96DFABDF93105E2F8DC" box="[1287,1429,1787,1812]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">A. reichelae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and can be separated from it by the relatively shorter scapes and in having distinct dorsal and posterior petiolar node faces.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30D6540E379B96CFF7DF8B80354FEB2" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA836CBE379B96CFF7DF8B801D7FEE2" blockId="16.[151,1437,1546,2012]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,152,2018]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E379B96DFF7DF8B8012FF844" bold="true" box="[199,344,1906,1932]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Description</emphasis>
. Posterior margin of head nearly flat in full face view, extending laterally of the occipital collar before passing through a distinct posterolateral corner into the lateral margin of the head. Hairs on venter of head randomly distributed and not forming a distinct psammophore. Mandibular sculpture composed of irregularly sized striations. Erect hairs on mesosomal dorsum tapering to sharp points. Propodeal spines short. Dorsal surfaces of propodeum and propodeal spines connected through a gentle concavity (so that the base of each spine is at approximately the same level as the dorsal surface of the propodeum). Petiolar node (in dorsal view) wider than long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA836CBE378B96CFF7DFEFD0354FEB2" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E378B96CFF7DFEFD0109FE99" bold="true" box="[199,382,311,337]" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">Measurements</emphasis>
. Worker (n = 12). CI 83–93; EI 15–22; EL 0.16–0.22; HL 0.97–1.39; HW 0.85–1.23; ML 1.34–1.94; MTL 0.75–1.13; SI 107–122; SL 1.02–1.40.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30D6540E378B96CFF7DFE4D013FFBBA" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA836CBE378B96CFF7DFE4D013FFBBA" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E378B96CFF7DFE4D01C4FE69" bold="true" box="[199,435,391,417]" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">Material examined</emphasis>
(in
<collectionCode id="ED06AE0EE378B96CFE59FE42025CFE6A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" box="[483,555,392,418]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">ANIC</collectionCode>
unless otherwise noted).
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E378B96CFCEFFE4D0458FE69" bold="true" box="[853,1071,391,417]" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">
New South
<collectingCountry id="F300765BE378B96CFC5EFE4D0458FE69" box="[996,1071,391,417]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">Wales</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: Glenugie SF.,
<quantity id="4CEF9B2EE378B96CFB5CFE420551FE6A" box="[1254,1318,392,418]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.414016" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" unit="mi" value="15.0">15mi</quantity>
.S Grafton (Lowery,B.B.); Macksville (Lowery,B.B.); Macksville, Warrell Ck. area (Lowery,B.B.); Murwillumbah (Lowery,B.B.); Port
<collectingCountry id="F300765BE378B96CFE2EFE120266FE3A" box="[404,529,472,498]" name="Australia" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">Macquarie</collectingCountry>
(Pullen,R.); Round Mountain, Kingscliff (Lowery,B.B.); Terranora Lakes Golf course (Seymour,G.J.).
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E378B96CFE4BFE3502F2FDD1" bold="true" box="[497,645,511,537]" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">Queensland</emphasis>
:
<quantity id="4CEF9B2EE378B96CFD23FDCA02ABFDD2" box="[665,732,512,538]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" unit="km" value="10.0">10km</quantity>
W Herberton (Lowery,B.B.);
<quantity id="4CEF9B2EE378B96CFBF7FDCA04FAFDD2" box="[1101,1165,512,538]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" unit="mi" value="10.0">10mi</quantity>
. S Atherton;
<quantity id="4CEF9B2EE378B96CFA88FDCA0501FDD2" box="[1330,1398,512,538]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" unit="km" value="12.0">12km</quantity>
W Paluma (Lowery,B.B.);
<quantity id="4CEF9B2EE378B96CFE14FDE20186FD8A" box="[430,497,552,578]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" unit="km" value="15.0">15km</quantity>
SbyE Byfield (Taylor,R.W. &amp; Weir,T.A.);
<quantity id="4CEF9B2EE378B96CFC58FDE20453FD8A" box="[994,1060,552,578]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" unit="km" value="18.0">18km</quantity>
S Banana (Lowery,B.B.);
<quantity id="4CEF9B2EE378B96CFAE0FDE205EBFD8A" box="[1370,1436,552,578]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" unit="km" value="20.0">20km</quantity>
N Cairns (Lowery,B.B.);
<quantity id="4CEF9B2EE378B96CFE72FD9A027CFDA2" box="[456,523,592,618]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" unit="km" value="20.0">20km</quantity>
S Eton (Lowery,B.B.);
<quantity id="4CEF9B2EE378B96CFC96FD9A0317FDA2" box="[812,864,592,618]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" unit="km" value="6.0">6km</quantity>
SSE Eungella (Taylor,R.W. &amp; Weir,T.A.);
<quantity id="4CEF9B2EE378B96CFADDFD9A05EEFDA2" box="[1383,1433,592,618]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.656064" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" unit="mi" value="6.0">6mi</quantity>
. SW Karara (Greaves,T.);
<quantity id="4CEF9B2EE378B96CFE77FDB20275FD5A" box="[461,514,632,658]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" unit="km" value="8.0">8km</quantity>
W Tully, nr. Rocky Ck. Bridge (Lowery,B.B.); Atherton (A.H.W.); Bauple, State Forest 958 (Vanderwoude,C.); Brookfield (Greenslade,P.J.M.); Bruce Hwy,
<quantity id="4CEF9B2EE378B96CFBE0FD6A04F8FD72" box="[1114,1167,672,698]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" unit="km" value="5.0">5km</quantity>
N Aphis Ck.,
<quantity id="4CEF9B2EE378B96CFA86FD6A0509FD72" box="[1340,1406,672,698]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" unit="km" value="54.0">54km</quantity>
N Marlborough (Lowery,B.B.); c.
<quantity id="4CEF9B2EE378B96CFDACFD02023DFD2A" box="[534,586,712,738]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" unit="km" value="8.0">8km</quantity>
W Paluma (Taylor,R.W. &amp; Feehan,J.E.); Cedar Creek, Tamborine Mt. (Brown,W.L.); Clohesy River (Greaves,T.); Como Scarp (Greenslade,P.J.M.); Cooloola, Chalamban [Chalambar] (Greenslade,P.J.M.); Cooloola, Como Scarp (Greenslade,P.J.M.); Cooloola, Noosa R. (Greenslade,P.J.M.); Egger Farm Paddock, Yungaburra (Cutter,A.D.); Gore (Lowery,B.B.); Herberton (Lowery,B.B.); Highvale (Marks) (Barrett,J.H.); Kirrama Forest (Greenslade,P.J.M.); Koah (Wheeler,W.M.); L. Eacham NP (Taylor,R.W.); Mackay (Turner,G.); Mareeba (Lowery,B.B.); Millstream NP nr. Ravenshoe (Lowery,B.B.); Mt. Mort, Grandchester (Greaves,T.); Noosa River, Cooloola Natl Pk (Greenslade,P.J.M.); Obi Obi Ck., Blackall Ra. (Taylor,R.W.); Scraggy Pt., Hinchinbrook Is. (Ward,P.S.) (
<collectionCode id="ED06AE0EE378B96CFB0BFC2A048AFC32" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" box="[1201,1277,992,1018]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">ANIC</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED06AE0EE378B96CFAB5FC2A0513FC32" box="[1295,1380,992,1018]" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">PSWC</collectionCode>
); St. Lawrence (Cudmore,F.A.); Thurling Farm, Malanda (Cutter,A.D.); Tully (Lowery,B.B.); Wallaman Falls (Lowery,B.B.); West Coorey [Cooroy West].
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E378B96CFD06FBE503C3FB81" bold="true" box="[700,948,1071,1097]" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">
<collectingCountry id="F300765BE378B96CFD06FBE503C3FB81" box="[700,948,1071,1097]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: Bulolo (Lowery,B.B.); Wau, goldfields (Lowery,B.B.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30D6540E378B96FFF7DFBB501FDFC32" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA836CBE378B96CFF7DFBB50216FA42" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E378B96CFF7DFBB50139FB51" bold="true" box="[199,334,1151,1177]" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">Comments</emphasis>
. This is a fairly wide ranging species and the only species to occur outside
<collectingCountry id="F300765BE378B96CFB01FB4A0550FB52" box="[1211,1319,1152,1178]" name="Australia" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">Australia</collectingCountry>
(in
<collectingCountry id="F300765BE378B96CFAEEFB4A0146FB0A" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
). Its main range is coastal northern New South
<collectingCountry id="F300765BE378B96CFCD8FB6203DEFB0A" box="[866,937,1192,1218]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">Wales</collectingCountry>
north through Queensland, with a smaller disjunct population in southern
<collectingCountry id="F300765BE378B96CFDB0FB1A0232FB22" box="[522,581,1232,1258]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">PNG</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="132C2A4EE378B96CFDEFFB1A02DAFB22" box="[597,685,1232,1258]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 31" captionStartId="14.[151,269,807,831]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,783]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,194,783]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 31. Distribution of material examined during this study: Fig. 30, A. pythia; Fig. 31, A. reichelae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180335/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
). Given this wide distribution and the broad range of habitats in which it is found (see below), it is curious that in
<collectingCountry id="F300765BE378B96CFD52FB320323FADA" box="[744,852,1272,1298]" name="Australia" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">Australia</collectingCountry>
this species occurs in three fairly narrow regions separated by areas where it is apparently absent. There is no morphological evidence to indicate that more than one species is involved, yet this distribution pattern might suggest otherwise. Additional investigation into this pattern may be well rewarded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA836CBE378B96CFF7DFA520237F9E2" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E378B96CFF7DFA5201BDFA79" box="[199,458,1432,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pythia">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E378B96CFF7DFA5201BDFA79" box="[199,458,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">Aphaenogaster pythia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in a wide range of habitats including coastal scrub, dry sclerophyll, suburban parks and pastures, wet sclerophyll and rainforests. Nests are either in the open with large funnel-shaped entrances or under rocks or logs on the ground. The biology of this species was discussed by Hitchcock (1958) and its control by Hitchcock (1962).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA836CBE378B96FFF7DF9F2048DFE6A" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,2018]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,152,1018]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">
The nomenclatural history of this species is rather complex.
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B3AE378B96CFC2EF9F2045EF99A" author="Forel" box="[916,1065,1592,1618]" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" refString="Forel, A. (1915) Results of Dr. E. Mjobergs Swedish Scientific Expeditions to Australia 1910 - 13. 2. Ameisen. Arkiv for Zoologi, 9 (16), 1 - 119." type="journal article" year="1915">Forel (1915)</bibRefCitation>
stated that there were two species of Australian
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E378B96CFECAF9AA0257F9B1" box="[368,544,1632,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E378B96CFECAF9AA0257F9B1" box="[368,544,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">Aphaenogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E378B96CFD95F9AA02D7F9B1" box="[559,672,1632,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E378B96CFD95F9AA02D7F9B1" box="[559,672,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">longiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E378B96CFD61F9AA0337F9B1" box="[731,832,1632,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruginota">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E378B96CFD61F9AA0337F9B1" box="[731,832,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">ruginota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and listed differences between them. He then said “Sollte der
<typeStatus id="54AC8869E378B96CFEA7F9420113F96A" box="[285,356,1672,1698]" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">Typus</typeStatus>
von Smith irgendwo zum Vorschein kommen und sich gegen meine Annahme als mit
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E378B96CFAD9F94200BDF902" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruginota">ruginota</taxonomicName>
und nicht mit Mayr’s
<typeStatus id="54AC8869E378B96CFE61F97A0253F902" box="[475,548,1712,1738]" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">Typen</typeStatus>
identisch erweisen, schlage ich für letztere den Namen
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E378B96CFB7FF97A0579F902" box="[1221,1294,1712,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pythia" status="sp. nov.">pythia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057A2E378B96CFAADF97A052EF902" box="[1303,1369,1712,1738]" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
vor.” [“Should the
<typeStatus id="54AC8869E378B96CFE8DF912011EF93A" box="[311,361,1752,1778]" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">type</typeStatus>
of Smith appear somewhere and turn out identical, against my assumption, with
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E378B96CFA8DF91205EBF939" box="[1335,1436,1752,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruginota">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E378B96CFA8DF91205EBF939" box="[1335,1436,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">ruginota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and not with Mayr's [1862]
<typeStatus id="54AC8869E378B96CFE64F8CA0268F8D2" box="[478,543,1792,1818]" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">types</typeStatus>
, I suggest for the latter the name
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E378B96CFC1CF8CA0398F8D1" box="[934,1007,1792,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pythia" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E378B96CFC1CF8CA0398F8D1" box="[934,1007,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">pythia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057A2E378B96CFC4DF8CA0440F8D2" box="[1015,1079,1792,1818]" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
”] (
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B3AE378B96CFBE1F8CA0485F8D2" author="Mayr" box="[1115,1266,1792,1818]" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" refString="Mayr, G. (1862) Myrmecologische Studien. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 12, 649 - 776." type="journal article" year="1862">Mayr (1862)</bibRefCitation>
had described queens and males under the name
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E378B96CFD8EF8E202D2F889" box="[564,677,1832,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E378B96CFD8EF8E202D2F889" box="[564,677,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">longiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from four localities, Gayndah, Peak Downs, Rockhampton and Sydney.) To resolve the identity of
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E378B96CFDE6F89A03EDF8A2" authority="Wheeler (1916)" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1916" box="[604,922,1872,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E378B96CFDE6F89A02BAF8A1" box="[604,717,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">longiceps</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B3AE378B96CFD61F89A03EDF8A2" author="Wheeler" box="[731,922,1872,1898]" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1916) The Australian ants of the genus Aphaenogaster Mayr. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 40, 213 - 223." type="journal article" year="1916">Wheeler (1916)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
sent samples to H. Donisthorpe (British Museum (Natural History), London) for direct comparison with the Smith
<typeStatus id="54AC8869E378B96CFBB2F8B2044CF85A" box="[1032,1083,1912,1938]" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E378B96CFBD9F8B204A4F859" box="[1123,1235,1912,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E378B96CFBD9F8B204A4F859" box="[1123,1235,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">longiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B3AE378B96CFB59F8B205EBF85A" author="Wheeler" box="[1251,1436,1912,1938]" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1916) The Australian ants of the genus Aphaenogaster Mayr. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 40, 213 - 223." type="journal article" year="1916">Wheeler (1916)</bibRefCitation>
reports that “[Donisthorpe] writes me that [Smith’s]
<typeStatus id="54AC8869E378B96CFCB4F86A0336F872" box="[782,833,1952,1978]" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">type</typeStatus>
is undoubtedly what Forel calls
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E378B96CFB76F86A0546F871" box="[1228,1329,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruginota">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E378B96CFB76F86A0546F871" box="[1228,1329,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">ruginota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and not what he calls
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E378B96CFE86F80201DBF829" box="[316,428,1992,2017]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E378B96CFE86F80201DBF829" box="[316,428,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">longiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Hence
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E378B96CFDABF8020201F829" box="[529,630,1992,2017]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruginota">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E378B96CFDABF8020201F829" box="[529,630,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">ruginota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
becomes a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E378B96CFC20F8020413F82A" authority="Smith" authorityName="Smith" box="[922,1124,1992,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E378B96CFC20F802047DF829" box="[922,1034,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="42">longiceps</emphasis>
, Smith
</taxonomicName>
, and the rarer Queensland form, Forel’s
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E37BB96FFE81FF5201DCFF79" box="[315,427,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E37BB96FFE81FF5201DCFF79" box="[315,427,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="43">longiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which was unknown to Smith, must take the name
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E37BB96FFB9AFF5204B6FF7A" authority="Forel." authorityName="Forel." box="[1056,1217,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pythia">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E37BB96FFB9AFF52041EFF79" box="[1056,1129,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="43">pythia</emphasis>
, Forel.
</taxonomicName>
” A few lines later Wheeler states that “Mayr probably confused both species” and that “… as [Mayr] introduced no new names his interpretation is now a matter of little moment.” Finally, Wheeler lists the
<typeStatus id="54AC8869E37BB96FFB95FF220415FECA" box="[1071,1122,232,258]" pageId="18" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
locality for
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E37BB96FFB4EFF220549FEC9" box="[1268,1342,232,257]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pythia">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E37BB96FFB4EFF220549FEC9" box="[1268,1342,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="43">pythia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as Herberton, one of the localities mentioned by
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B3AE37BB96FFD3CFEDA036EFEE2" author="Forel" box="[646,793,272,298]" pageId="18" pageNumber="45" refString="Forel, A. (1915) Results of Dr. E. Mjobergs Swedish Scientific Expeditions to Australia 1910 - 13. 2. Ameisen. Arkiv for Zoologi, 9 (16), 1 - 119." type="journal article" year="1915">Forel (1915)</bibRefCitation>
for specimens he examined under the name
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E37BB96FFA9EFEDA05E3FEE1" box="[1316,1428,272,297]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E37BB96FFA9EFEDA05E3FEE1" box="[1316,1428,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="43">longiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It seems clear that
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B3AE37BB96FFECEFEF2025BFE9A" author="Wheeler" box="[372,556,312,338]" pageId="18" pageNumber="45" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1916) The Australian ants of the genus Aphaenogaster Mayr. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 40, 213 - 223." type="journal article" year="1916">Wheeler (1916)</bibRefCitation>
interpreted Forel’s name
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E37BB96FFCE1FEF203D3FE99" box="[859,932,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pythia">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E37BB96FFCE1FEF203D3FE99" box="[859,932,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="43">pythia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as applying to material examined by
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B3AE37BB96FFAE4FEF20092FEB2" author="Forel" pageId="18" pageNumber="45" refString="Forel, A. (1915) Results of Dr. E. Mjobergs Swedish Scientific Expeditions to Australia 1910 - 13. 2. Ameisen. Arkiv for Zoologi, 9 (16), 1 - 119." type="journal article" year="1915">Forel (1915)</bibRefCitation>
under the name
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E37BB96FFE17FEAA026AFEB1" box="[429,541,352,377]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E37BB96FFE17FEAA026AFEB1" box="[429,541,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="43">longiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and not to material examined by
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B3AE37BB96FFC02FEAA0439FEB2" author="Mayr" box="[952,1102,352,378]" pageId="18" pageNumber="45" refString="Mayr, G. (1862) Myrmecologische Studien. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 12, 649 - 776." type="journal article" year="1862">Mayr (1862)</bibRefCitation>
(although the comment “… and the rarer Queensland form” is puzzling as it seems to apply to
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E37BB96FFC19FE42039BFE69" box="[931,1004,392,417]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pythia">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E37BB96FFC19FE42039BFE69" box="[931,1004,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="43">pythia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rather than
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E37BB96FFBC3FE42049EFE69" box="[1145,1257,392,417]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E37BB96FFBC3FE42049EFE69" box="[1145,1257,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="43">longiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA836CBE37BB96FFF7DFE7A0169FD72" blockId="18.[151,1437,152,1018]" pageId="18" pageNumber="43">
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B3AE37BB96FFF7DFE7A0114FE02" author="Smith" box="[199,355,432,458]" pageId="18" pageNumber="45" refString="Smith, M. R. (1961) A study of New Guinea ants of the genus Aphaenogaster Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Acta Hymenopterologica, 1, 213 - 237." type="journal article" year="1961">Smith (1961)</bibRefCitation>
next examined
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E37BB96FFD9AFE7A021EFE01" box="[544,617,432,457]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pythia">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E37BB96FFD9AFE7A021EFE01" box="[544,617,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="43">pythia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
during a study of
<collectingCountry id="F300765BE37BB96FFCF9FE7A03FCFE02" box="[835,907,432,458]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="18" pageNumber="43">Papua</collectingCountry>
New Guinean species of
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E37BB96FFB01FE7A051CFE01" box="[1211,1387,432,457]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E37BB96FFB01FE7A051CFE01" box="[1211,1387,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="43">Aphaenogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. He states that “
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B3AE37BB96FFEA7FE1201D6FE3A" author="Forel" box="[285,417,472,498]" pageId="18" pageNumber="45" refString="Forel, A. (1915) Results of Dr. E. Mjobergs Swedish Scientific Expeditions to Australia 1910 - 13. 2. Ameisen. Arkiv for Zoologi, 9 (16), 1 - 119." type="journal article" year="1915">Forel 1915</bibRefCitation>
assigned the provisional name
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E37BB96FFCA9FE12032BFE39" box="[787,860,472,497]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pythia">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E37BB96FFCA9FE12032BFE39" box="[787,860,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="43">pythia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the specimens studied by
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B3AE37BB96FFB0BFE120531FE3A" author="Mayr" box="[1201,1350,472,498]" pageId="18" pageNumber="45" refString="Mayr, G. (1862) Myrmecologische Studien. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 12, 649 - 776." type="journal article" year="1862">Mayr [1862]</bibRefCitation>
should they prove to be not
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E37BB96FFE33FDCA018DFDD1" box="[393,506,512,537]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E37BB96FFE33FDCA018DFDD1" box="[393,506,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="43">longiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or any previous described species” and “Wheeler errored however in designating Herberton, Queensland, as the
<typeStatus id="54AC8869E37BB96FFD90FDE2022BFD8A" box="[554,604,552,578]" pageId="18" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
locality of
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E37BB96FFD5AFDE2035EFD89" box="[736,809,552,577]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pythia">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E37BB96FFD5AFDE2035EFD89" box="[736,809,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="43">pythia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as none of the specimens studied by Mayr came from there.” Thus
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B3AE37BB96FFE8FFD9A01A3FDA2" author="Smith" box="[309,468,592,618]" pageId="18" pageNumber="45" refString="Smith, M. R. (1961) A study of New Guinea ants of the genus Aphaenogaster Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Acta Hymenopterologica, 1, 213 - 237." type="journal article" year="1961">Smith (1961)</bibRefCitation>
interpreted
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B3AE37BB96FFDDDFD9A0289FDA2" author="Forel" box="[615,766,592,618]" pageId="18" pageNumber="45" refString="Forel, A. (1915) Results of Dr. E. Mjobergs Swedish Scientific Expeditions to Australia 1910 - 13. 2. Ameisen. Arkiv for Zoologi, 9 (16), 1 - 119." type="journal article" year="1915">Forel (1915)</bibRefCitation>
as establishing a new available name by indication for material referred to by
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B3AE37BB96FFE13FDB20248FD5A" author="Mayr" box="[425,575,632,658]" pageId="18" pageNumber="45" refString="Mayr, G. (1862) Myrmecologische Studien. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 12, 649 - 776." type="journal article" year="1862">Mayr (1862)</bibRefCitation>
and not for material identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E37BB96FFC6FFDB20432FD59" box="[981,1093,632,657]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E37BB96FFC6FFDB20432FD59" box="[981,1093,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="43">longiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B3AE37BB96FFBCEFDB2057CFD5A" author="Forel" box="[1140,1291,632,658]" pageId="18" pageNumber="45" refString="Forel, A. (1915) Results of Dr. E. Mjobergs Swedish Scientific Expeditions to Australia 1910 - 13. 2. Ameisen. Arkiv for Zoologi, 9 (16), 1 - 119." type="journal article" year="1915">Forel (1915)</bibRefCitation>
, as
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B3AE37BB96FFA83FDB20093FD72" author="Wheeler" pageId="18" pageNumber="45" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1916) The Australian ants of the genus Aphaenogaster Mayr. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 40, 213 - 223." type="journal article" year="1916">Wheeler (1916)</bibRefCitation>
had.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA836CBE37BB96FFF7DFD0201FDFC32" blockId="18.[151,1437,152,1018]" pageId="18" pageNumber="43">
Of these two interpretations, Smith’s (1961) is here accepted as the correct one. Given this, the
<typeStatus id="54AC8869E37BB96FFA9AFD020524FD2A" box="[1312,1363,712,738]" pageId="18" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
material for the name
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E37BB96FFED2FD3A01C6FCC1" box="[360,433,752,777]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pythia">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E37BB96FFED2FD3A01C6FCC1" box="[360,433,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="43">pythia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
becomes that examined by
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B3AE37BB96FFCBBFD3A03ECFCC2" author="Mayr" box="[769,923,752,778]" pageId="18" pageNumber="45" refString="Mayr, G. (1862) Myrmecologische Studien. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 12, 649 - 776." type="journal article" year="1862">Mayr (1862)</bibRefCitation>
. Unfortunately this material was destroyed during World War I (
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B3AE37BB96FFE30FCD20260FCFA" author="Smith" box="[394,535,792,818]" pageId="18" pageNumber="45" refString="Smith, M. R. (1961) A study of New Guinea ants of the genus Aphaenogaster Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Acta Hymenopterologica, 1, 213 - 237." type="journal article" year="1961">Smith 1961</bibRefCitation>
), leaving the name without extant
<typeStatus id="54AC8869E37BB96FFC10FCD203ABFCFA" box="[938,988,792,818]" pageId="18" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
material. Thus it is currently impossible to know to what species the name
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E37BB96FFDD3FC8A02C5FC91" box="[617,690,832,857]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pythia">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E37BB96FFDD3FC8A02C5FC91" box="[617,690,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="43">pythia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be applied. Even without
<typeStatus id="54AC8869E37BB96FFBF1FC8A0409FC92" box="[1099,1150,832,858]" pageId="18" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
material, essentially all authors since
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B3AE37BB96FFEFAFCA2018BFC4A" author="Wheeler" box="[320,508,872,898]" pageId="18" pageNumber="45" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1916) The Australian ants of the genus Aphaenogaster Mayr. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 40, 213 - 223." type="journal article" year="1916">Wheeler (1916)</bibRefCitation>
have followed the concept developed by
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B3AE37BB96FFBBAFCA204CAFC4A" author="Wheeler" box="[1024,1213,872,898]" pageId="18" pageNumber="45" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1916) The Australian ants of the genus Aphaenogaster Mayr. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 40, 213 - 223." type="journal article" year="1916">Wheeler (1916)</bibRefCitation>
for the species to which this name has been applied. This situation is certainly less than ideal and has the potential to cause considerable disruption to the nomenclature of this group. To resolve this confusion a
<typeStatus id="54AC8869E37BB96FFBDEFC7204B6FC1A" box="[1124,1217,952,978]" pageId="18" pageNumber="43" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
is here designated for Forel’s
<taxonomicName id="4C174D48E37BB96FFEA3FC2A01F4FC31" box="[281,387,992,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pythia">
<emphasis id="B963EAD9E37BB96FFEA3FC2A01F4FC31" box="[281,387,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="43">A. pythia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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