<documentID-CLB-Dataset="273381"ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.107313"ID-GBIF-Dataset="bb4bb2ec-c98d-44fe-a573-07a7a8b24124"ID-Pensoft-Pub="2032-3921-3-374"ID-Pensoft-UUID="0B2F836DC1CD59BEA54F5D9847B7EF62"ModsDocID="2032-3921-156-3-374"checkinTime="1697705878724"checkinUser="pensoft"docAuthor="Farminhao, Joao & Cribb, Phillip J."docDate="2023"docId="28D0F59CA4465D288D439AAB6D4B60FF"docLanguage="en"docName="PlantEcolEvol 156(3): 374-382"docOrigin="Plant Ecology and Evolution 156 (3)"docPubDate="2023-10-19"docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.107313"docTitle="Ypsilopus zimbabweensis Farminhao & P. J. Cribb 2023, sp. nov."docType="treatment"docVersion="4"id="0B2F836DC1CD59BEA54F5D9847B7EF62"lastPageNumber="374"masterDocId="0B2F836DC1CD59BEA54F5D9847B7EF62"masterDocTitle="A new Ypsilopus (Orchidaceae, Angraecinae) from Zimbabwe and notes on the parallel evolution of extreme column exsertion in African angraecoids"masterLastPageNumber="382"masterPageNumber="374"pageNumber="374"updateTime="1720531670971"updateUser="admin">
<mods:titleid="230F358D901015BE2053E437776D81D5">A new Ypsilopus (Orchidaceae, Angraecinae) from Zimbabwe and notes on the parallel evolution of extreme column exsertion in African angraecoids</mods:title>
<mods:affiliationid="924BABFB24480CC68396B7E187E98E6B">Jardim Botanico da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal & Centre for Functional Ecology, Laboratorio Associado TERRA, Departamento de Ciencias da Vida, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="D1586E77C445F94EB66A55B9A8530FCE">Herbarium et Bibliotheque de Botanique africaine, Universite libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
<taxonomicNameid="0CF90024BDA615EA967CEEBF9A960C16"ID-CoL="CF9ZC"LSID="28D0F59C-A446-5D28-8D43-9AAB6D4B60FF"authority="Farminhão & P. J. Cribb"authorityName="Farminhao & P. J. Cribb"authorityYear="2023"class="Liliopsida"family="Orchidaceae"genus="Ypsilopus"higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Ypsilopus zimbabweensis"order="Asparagales"pageId="0"pageNumber="374"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="zimbabweensis"status="sp. nov.">
<figureCitationid="EFE1CB4F32D148A15FF42188645F1F3A"captionStart="Figure 1"captionStartId="F1"captionText="Figure 1. Possible evidence for reinforcement in the geographical distribution and hypothetical pollinaria attachment sites (on a large sphingid hawkmoth) of two angraecoid clades with divergent column exsertion lengths in tropical Africa. Aerangis gracillima (yellow triangles) is closely allied to A. stelligera (blue triangles), while Ypsilopus amaniensis (blue diamonds) is closely related to Y. schliebenii (yellow diamonds). An extremely elongated Barombia - type column is present in A. gracillima and Y. schliebenii. The three isolated collections of Y. amaniensis in Zimbabwe are here assigned to Ypsilopus zimbabweensis (white diamonds). Photos by Murielle Simo-Droissart (A. gracillima), Bart Wursten (A. stelligera), Guido van Asten (Y. amaniensis), and Russell Hutton (Y. schliebenii)."figureDoi="10.5091/plecevo.107313.figure1"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/923221"pageId="0"pageNumber="374">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="CC8D0397E0FE91043A23BA74F276FEE0"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="F2"captionText="Figure 2. Ypsilopus zimbabweensis. A. Habit. B. Flower, side view. C, D. Flower, front view. E. Lip margin variability. F. Column, ventral view, with glandular trichomes visible. G. Anther cap, side, dorsal, and ventral views. H. Viscidium and stipes. I. Pollinium (one of two). A (in part), E (in part), F-I drawn from the type collection; A, E (both in part) and I from Jackson 56814; B, C after watercolour by Patricia van de Ruit. All drawn by Andrew Brown."figureDoi="10.5091/plecevo.107313.figure2"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/923222"pageId="0"pageNumber="374">, 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="E82362D410318DCFD3BDE5043184B430"captionStart="Figure 3"captionStartId="F3"captionText="Figure 3. Watercolour of Ypsilopus zimbabweensis, originally identified as Rangaeris amaniensis, by Patricia van de Ruit, published in Ball (1978: 1394). Reproduced with permission."figureDoi="10.5091/plecevo.107313.figure3"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/923223"pageId="0"pageNumber="374">, 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="84D068AA6DA8B13B462D958B19FDA7E3"captionStart="Figure 4"captionStartId="F4"captionText="Figure 4. Ypsilopus zimbabweensis. A. Plants growing as lithophytes in situ. B. Inflorescence, side view, of plant cultivated in Harare. Photos by Bart Wursten (A) and Isobyl la Croix (B)."figureDoi="10.5091/plecevo.107313.figure4"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/923224"pageId="0"pageNumber="374">, 4</figureCitation>
<materialsCitationid="03A37EB499F5755163DA631F55954C9B"ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4427343301"collectingDate="1976-01-12"collectorName="J. S. Ball"country="ZIMBABWE"location="Morgenster"municipality="Zimbabwe"specimenCount="1"stateProvince="Masvingo"typeStatus="holotype">
<taxonomicNameid="809AE9AE0D05B4C7076E11A4FD9F5BDA"authorityName="D'haijere & Stevart"authorityYear="2019"baseAuthorityName="Kraenzl."class="Liliopsida"family="Orchidaceae"genus="Ypsilopus"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Ypsilopus amaniensis"order="Asparagales"pageId="0"pageNumber="374"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="amaniensis">
Robust, erect or rarely pendent, lithophytic or epiphytic herb, often forming clumps. Roots emerging through the leaf bases opposite the leaves, stout, 8-9 mm in diameter, branching distally, silvery grey. Stems 20-30 or more cm long, 7-9 mm in diameter, covered with sheathing leaf bases. Leaves rigidly coriaceous, 12-16, distichous, twisted just above the basal articulation to lie in one plane, linear-oblong, unequally roundly lobed at the apex, conduplicate at base just above the leaf sheath, 80-130
12-19 mm, deep olive-green, articulated to 10-17 mm long leaf sheath. Inflorescences longer than the leaves, arching to pendent, secund in two ranks, 1-several, from leaf sheaths 30-50 mm below the stem apex, 17-23 cm long, 10-13-flowered; peduncle cylindrical, 45-70 mm long, bearing 2-4 sheathing sterile bracts, 5-8 mm long; rachis slenderly cylindrical, slightly zigzag, 12-17 cm long; floral bracts cucullate, ovate, subacute, 6-8
28 mm, showy, white with a buff-tinged spur, the basal flower opening last, diurnally and nocturnally scented of vanilla; pedicel and ovary 22-25 mm long, the ovary scabrid. Sepals and petals reflexed at anthesis. Dorsal sepal linear-elliptic, acuminate, 15-20
2-3 mm; midlobe linear-tapering, acuminate, 7-8 mm long; spur pendent, narrowly cylindrical from a narrow mouth, 110-140 mm long. Column 5 mm long, glandular; anther cap giving the tip of the column a hooked appearance; pollinia 2, stipes bifid with linear lobes; viscidium oblong.
Endemic to the Central Watershed of Zimbabwe, in the inselbergs of the southern middleveld margin of the Zimbabwe Craton, west of the Save River, in Masvingo Province (Fig.
<figureCitationid="7FADBB5653CB3DFDC19021A0C0206633"captionStart="Figure 1"captionStartId="F1"captionText="Figure 1. Possible evidence for reinforcement in the geographical distribution and hypothetical pollinaria attachment sites (on a large sphingid hawkmoth) of two angraecoid clades with divergent column exsertion lengths in tropical Africa. Aerangis gracillima (yellow triangles) is closely allied to A. stelligera (blue triangles), while Ypsilopus amaniensis (blue diamonds) is closely related to Y. schliebenii (yellow diamonds). An extremely elongated Barombia - type column is present in A. gracillima and Y. schliebenii. The three isolated collections of Y. amaniensis in Zimbabwe are here assigned to Ypsilopus zimbabweensis (white diamonds). Photos by Murielle Simo-Droissart (A. gracillima), Bart Wursten (A. stelligera), Guido van Asten (Y. amaniensis), and Russell Hutton (Y. schliebenii)."figureDoi="10.5091/plecevo.107313.figure1"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/923221"pageId="0"pageNumber="374">1</figureCitation>
<paragraphid="210C0608D251BD613BD32AD130259925"pageId="0"pageNumber="374">Epiphyte or lithophyte on inselberg partly-shaded bare rock surfaces; 1000-1300 m.</paragraph>
<paragraphid="BF3D1588B5FC7142DBE41078D35B8D9D"pageId="0"pageNumber="374">The species is only recorded from Zimbabwe, namely from the area around the Great Zimbabwe National Monument, which gives the country its name.</paragraph>
<taxonomicNameid="D82DD09CA275CF52DE8E38A512C04A3B"authorityName="Farminhao & P. J. Cribb"authorityYear="2023"class="Liliopsida"family="Orchidaceae"genus="Ypsilopus"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Ypsilopus zimbabweensis"order="Asparagales"pageId="0"pageNumber="374"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="zimbabweensis">
is known from three collections and one observation (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/143791156) made between 1956 and 2012, representing four occurrences and three locations, including one within the Great Zimbabwe National Monument, a Cultural World Heritage Site. The extent of occurrence (EOO) is 132.1 km2 and the area of occupancy (AOO) is 16 km2. The EOO and AOO fall within the limits of the Endangered (CR) category under subcriteria B1 and B2. Since this species occurs only in three locations and a decline of mature individuals is projected because of illegal collection for the orchid trade, it meets condition b(v) for the EN category.
<taxonomicNameid="FA30F6FBAEC09360587411F6E0F5F8F2"authorityName="D'haijere & Stevart"authorityYear="2019"baseAuthorityName="Kraenzl."class="Liliopsida"family="Orchidaceae"genus="Ypsilopus"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Ypsilopus amaniensis"order="Asparagales"pageId="0"pageNumber="374"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="amaniensis">
, namely the recent records illustrated on the Flora of Zimbabwe website (
<bibRefCitationid="DBCC72E023560F6B897A0E78E1DEF989"author="Hyde, MA"journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden"pageId="0"pageNumber="374"publicationUrl="https://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=118930"refId="B19"refString="Hyde, MA, Wursten, BT, Ballings, P, Coates Palgrave, M, 2023. Flora of Zimbabwe. Species information: Rangaeris amaniensis. https://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=118930"title="Flora of Zimbabwe. Species information: Rangaeris amaniensis."url="https://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=118930"year="2023">Hyde et al. 2023</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="5A921EF0F15304FF556AA1B8F2DC6E72"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428600002195"author="Seine, R"journalOrPublisher="Edinburgh Journal of Botany"pageId="0"pageNumber="374"pagination="267 - 293"refId="B32"refString="Seine, R, Becker, U, Porembski, S, Follmann, G, Barthlott, W, 1998. Vegetation of inselbergs in Zimbabwe. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 55 (2): 267 - 293, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428600002195"title="Vegetation of inselbergs in Zimbabwe."url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428600002195"volume="55"year="1998">Seine et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
<figureCitationid="6EDC92A782593323F9BF560AF9567BD0"captionStart="Figure 3"captionStartId="F3"captionText="Figure 3. Watercolour of Ypsilopus zimbabweensis, originally identified as Rangaeris amaniensis, by Patricia van de Ruit, published in Ball (1978: 1394). Reproduced with permission."figureDoi="10.5091/plecevo.107313.figure3"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/923223"pageId="0"pageNumber="374">3</figureCitation>
). Iconography produced by the same artist, for the same book, was instrumental to the description of another new orchid from Zimbabwe (
<bibRefCitationid="D3F30A427C2F8171B4710B0B873833D9"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-020-09888-2"author="Farminhao, J"journalOrPublisher="Methods in Ecology and Evolution"pageId="0"pageNumber="374"refId="B15"refString="Farminhao, J, Cribb, PJ, 2020. Two new species of Rhipidoglossum (Orchidaceae: Angraecinae) from Tanzania and Zimbabwe. Kew Bulletin 75: 30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-020-09888-2"title="Two new species of Rhipidoglossum (Orchidaceae: Angraecinae) from Tanzania and Zimbabwe. Kew Bulletin 75: 30."url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-020-09888-2"year="2020">
). The new species is also illustrated here with a line drawing by Andrew Brown (Fig.
<figureCitationid="8CE0F2C9BAB1252108B1268185753310"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="F2"captionText="Figure 2. Ypsilopus zimbabweensis. A. Habit. B. Flower, side view. C, D. Flower, front view. E. Lip margin variability. F. Column, ventral view, with glandular trichomes visible. G. Anther cap, side, dorsal, and ventral views. H. Viscidium and stipes. I. Pollinium (one of two). A (in part), E (in part), F-I drawn from the type collection; A, E (both in part) and I from Jackson 56814; B, C after watercolour by Patricia van de Ruit. All drawn by Andrew Brown."figureDoi="10.5091/plecevo.107313.figure2"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/923222"pageId="0"pageNumber="374">2</figureCitation>
) and a photograph in
<bibRefCitationid="9AFDF6DAB9EEFEBA3C7BE76DC012865E"author="la Croix, I"journalOrPublisher="Orchidaceae. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew & Flora Zambesiaca Managing Committee, London"pageId="0"pageNumber="374"refId="B23"refString="la Croix, I, la Croix, E, 1997. African Orchids in the Wild and in Cultivation. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon, 1-379."title="African Orchids in the Wild and in Cultivation. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon, 1 - 379."year="1997">la Croix and la Croix (1997)</bibRefCitation>
, reproduced here (Fig.
<figureCitationid="EDF211E34C03B2D82238B480CDBAF706"captionStart="Figure 3"captionStartId="F3"captionText="Figure 3. Watercolour of Ypsilopus zimbabweensis, originally identified as Rangaeris amaniensis, by Patricia van de Ruit, published in Ball (1978: 1394). Reproduced with permission."figureDoi="10.5091/plecevo.107313.figure3"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/923223"pageId="0"pageNumber="374">3</figureCitation>
). The novelty has been widely cultivated and misidentified as
<taxonomicNameid="9D42197CA16CB34F61CCD99362045D64"authorityName="Farminhao & P. J. Cribb"authorityYear="2023"class="Liliopsida"family="Orchidaceae"genus="Ypsilopus"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Ypsilopus zimbabweensis"order="Asparagales"pageId="0"pageNumber="374"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="zimbabweensis">
<taxonomicNameid="C5D4AFFCEC7AAF965DA41F0A456259D1"authorityName="Farminhao & P. J. Cribb"authorityYear="2023"class="Liliopsida"family="Orchidaceae"genus="Ypsilopus"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Ypsilopus zimbabweensis"order="Asparagales"pageId="0"pageNumber="374"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="zimbabweensis">
<taxonomicNameid="B5E2DD791B82328CE05F913CB1F0EB1D"authorityName="Farminhao & P. J. Cribb"authorityYear="2023"class="Liliopsida"family="Orchidaceae"genus="Ypsilopus"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Ypsilopus zimbabweensis"order="Asparagales"pageId="0"pageNumber="374"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="zimbabweensis">
